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  1. Association of neutropenia onset and severity with chemotherapy regimens and schedules
    Abdul Rasool Hassan B, Yusoff ZB, Bin Othman S
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2011;12(6):1425-8.
    PMID: 22126475
    INTRODUCTION: Neutropenia, defined as a decrease in the absolute neutrophil count lower than the normal that is < 1500 cell/ ?l, has a detrimental effect on cancer patients' quality of life, also possibly resulting in a reduction in the chemotherapy dose which could lead to an increment in the size of a cancer. There are so many causative factors for neutropenia like hematological disorders, autoimmune diseases and infection, drugs reactions and chemotherapy or radiotherapy. So the main aim of this study is to find the association between chemotherapy drug or regimens, schedule of administration used for treatment of solid cancer diseases with neutropenia onset and severity.

    METHODS: This is an observational retrospective study carried out in a general hospital on 117 solid tumor patients who admitted between January 2003 to December 2006. The main statistical tests used were Chi- square test and Fisher' s Exact test. The significance of the result will be when the P<0.05, while the confidence interval for this study was 95%.

    RESULTS: The highest chemotherapeutic regimen was (5-FU+epirubicin+cyclophosphamide) (47, 40.2%) followed by (gemcitabine+cisplatin) (6, 5.1%) and many others. Majority of the patients receive their chemotherapy schedule of administration was one day schedule (90, 76.9%) followed by more than one day schedule (27, 23.1%).

    CONCLUSION: The doses of these drugs were not high enough to produce a sufficient pharmacological effect to cause bone marrow suppression and lead to neutropenia. Besides the schedule of administration for each drug was long enough to overcome neutropenia also the high uses of granulocyte colony stimulation factor (G-CSF) which will play a major role in reducing the time and severity of neutropenia. All these factors play an important role in giving non- significant association between neutropenia onset and severity with chemotherapeutics drugs and their schedule of administration.

    Matched MeSH terms: Neutropenia/pathology
  2. Fulltext A skin lesion and fever of unknown origin - a case study
    Wong S, Ng CJ
    Aust Fam Physician, 2012 Jan-Feb;41(1-2):41-4.
    PMID: 22276283
    Matched MeSH terms: Skin Ulcer/pathology
  3. Mechanical behaviour of in-situ chondrocytes subjected to different loading rates: a finite element study
    Moo EK, Herzog W, Han SK, Abu Osman NA, Pingguan-Murphy B, Federico S
    Biomech Model Mechanobiol, 2012 Sep;11(7):983-93.
    PMID: 22234779 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-011-0367-2
    Experimental findings indicate that in-situ chondrocytes die readily following impact loading, but remain essentially unaffected at low (non-impact) strain rates. This study was aimed at identifying possible causes for cell death in impact loading by quantifying chondrocyte mechanics when cartilage was subjected to a 5% nominal tissue strain at different strain rates. Multi-scale modelling techniques were used to simulate cartilage tissue and the corresponding chondrocytes residing in the tissue. Chondrocytes were modelled by accounting for the cell membrane, pericellular matrix and pericellular capsule. The results suggest that cell deformations, cell fluid pressures and fluid flow velocity through cells are highest at the highest (impact) strain rate, but they do not reach damaging levels. Tangential strain rates of the cell membrane were highest at the highest strain rate and were observed primarily in superficial tissue cells. Since cell death following impact loading occurs primarily in superficial zone cells, we speculate that cell death in impact loading is caused by the high tangential strain rates in the membrane of superficial zone cells causing membrane rupture and loss of cell content and integrity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Osteoarthritis/pathology
  4. Periodical gait asymmetry assessment using real-time wireless gyroscopes gait monitoring system
    Gouwanda D, Senanayake SM
    J Med Eng Technol, 2011 Nov;35(8):432-40.
    PMID: 22074136 DOI: 10.3109/03091902.2011.627080
    A real-time gait monitoring system that incorporates an immediate and periodical assessment of gait asymmetry is described. This system was designed for gait analysis and rehabilitation of patients with pathologic gait. It employs wireless gyroscopes to measure the angular rate of the thigh and shank in real time. Cross-correlation of the lower extremity (Cc(norm)), and normalized Symmetry Index (SI(norm)) are implemented as new approaches to periodically determine the gait asymmetry in each gait cycle. Cc(norm) evaluates the signal patterns measured by wireless gyroscopes in each gait cycle. SI(norm) determines the movement differences between the left and right limb. An experimental study was conducted to examine the viability of these methods. Artificial asymmetrical gait was simulated by placing a load on one side of the limbs. Results showed that there were significant differences between the normal gait and asymmetrical gait (p < 0.01). They also indicated that the system worked well in periodically assessing the gait asymmetry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lower Extremity/pathology*
  5. Vitamin D status and its associated factors of free living Malay adults in a tropical country, Malaysia
    Moy FM
    J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, Biol., 2011 Sep 02;104(3):444-8.
    PMID: 21636288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.05.002
    Vitamin D status is influenced by sun exposure, geographic latitude, daily outdoor activities, body surface exposed to sunlight and dietary intakes. Malaysia, is sunny all year round. However, the vitamin D status of this population especially among the healthy and free living adults is not known. Therefore a study of vitamin D status and associated factors was initiated among an existing Malay cohort in Kuala Lumpur. A total of 380 subjects were sampled to have their vitamin D status assessed using 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). A short questionnaire enquiring socio-demographic characteristics, exposure to sunlight and clothing style was administered. Their mean age was 48.5±5.2years and the mean 25(OH)D for males and females were 56.2±18.9nmol/L and 36.2±13.4nmol/L respectively. There were significant positive correlation for sun exposure score (r=0.27, p<0.001) and negative correlation for sun protection score (r=-0.41, p<0.001) with 25(OH)D levels. In the logistic regression model, females (OR=2.93; 95% CI: 1.17, 7.31), BMI (1.1; 1.03, 1.20) and sun exposure score (0.998; 0.996, 0.999) were significantly associated with vitamin D status as represented by 25(OH)D levels. Our findings show that obesity, lifestyle behaviours and clothing style are directly associated with our participants especially females' low vitamin D status.
    Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/pathology
  6. Fulltext eComment: Debridement for empyema: an alternative to decortication but in whom and when?
    Sachithanandan A, Badmanaban B
    Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2011 May;12(5):727.
    PMID: 21555437 DOI: 10.1510/icvts.2010.247619A
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung/physiopathology*; Empyema, Pleural/pathology; Empyema, Pleural/physiopathology
  7. Diabetes insipidus and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone complicating pituitary surgery
    Aboud SK, Yunus MR, Gendeh BS
    Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2011 Jun;144(6):1005-6.
    PMID: 21493376 DOI: 10.1177/0194599810390899
    Matched MeSH terms: Pituitary Gland/pathology
  8. Fulltext Intraocular nematode with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis: case report
    Yusoff M, Alwi AA, Said MM, Zakariah S, Ghani ZA, Zunaina E
    BMC Ophthalmol, 2011;11:15.
    PMID: 21679403 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-11-15
    Live intraocular nematode is a rare occurrence. Nematode can migrate actively within the eye, creating visual symptoms and damaging ocular tissue.
    Matched MeSH terms: Retinitis/pathology; Retinitis/physiopathology
  9. Erythema nodosum-like lesions in a renal transplant recipient
    Yap FB, Lee BR
    Arch Dermatol, 2011 Jun;147(6):735-40.
    PMID: 21690541 DOI: 10.1001/archdermatol.2011.128-a
    Matched MeSH terms: Amebiasis/pathology
  10. Fulltext Irreducible rectal prolapse: emergency surgical management of eight cases and a review of the literature
    Seenivasagam T, Gerald H, Ghassan N, Vivek T, Bedi AS, Suneet S
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Jun;66(2):105-7.
    PMID: 22106687 MyJurnal
    The management of irreducible rectal prolapse is controversial. Surgeons may attempt conservative management by application of sugar. When surgery becomes inevitable the choice of procedure varies. We reviewed eight cases and noted the clinical findings and the results of conservative and surgical management. In four cases sugar was applied first, and failed. Emergency surgery always gave good outcomes. The procedures included simple reduction, rectopexy, laparotomy with resection, Delorme's repair, and perineal resection. Our experience and review of the literature indicate that surgery should be performed early in irreducible prolapse. Perineal resection may be the most suitable emergency procedure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rectal Prolapse/pathology
  11. Fulltext Detection of neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy
    Hassan SS, Bong DB, Premsenthil M
    J Digit Imaging, 2012 Jun;25(3):437-44.
    PMID: 21901535 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-011-9418-6
    Diabetic retinopathy has become an increasingly important cause of blindness. Nevertheless, vision loss can be prevented from early detection of diabetic retinopathy and monitor with regular examination. Common automatic detection of retinal abnormalities is for microaneurysms, hemorrhages, hard exudates, and cotton wool spot. However, there is a worse case of retinal abnormality, but not much research was done to detect it. It is neovascularization where new blood vessels grow due to extensive lack of oxygen in the retinal capillaries. This paper shows that various combination of techniques such as image normalization, compactness classifier, morphology-based operator, Gaussian filtering, and thresholding techniques were used in developing of neovascularization detection. A function matrix box was added in order to classify the neovascularization from natural blood vessel. A region-based neovascularization classification was attempted as a diagnostic accuracy. The developed method was tested on images from different database sources with varying quality and image resolution. It shows that specificity and sensitivity results were 89.4% and 63.9%, respectively. The proposed approach yield encouraging results for future development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Retinopathy/pathology*
  12. Fulltext Duodenal intussusception of Brunner's gland adenoma mimicking a pancreatic tumour
    Limi L, Liew NC, Badrul RH, Faisal MJ, Daniel YP
    Med J Malaysia, 2010 Dec;65(4):311-2.
    PMID: 21901954
    Brunner's gland adenoma is a rare benign tumour of the duodenum. It is usually asymptomatic but may occasionally present with gastrointestinal haemorrhage and obstruction. We report a 40-year old lady, presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and was found to have prolapsed and intussuscepted Brunner's gland adenoma of the duodenum, which mimicked the appearance of a tumour in the head of pancreas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Brunner Glands/pathology*
  13. Fulltext The contribution of reproductive factors and family history towards premenopausal breast cancer risk in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Razif SM, Sulaiman S, Hanie SS, Aina EN, Rohaizak M, Fuad I, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Aug;66(3):220-6.
    PMID: 22111444 MyJurnal
    Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Malaysian women. This study aimed to determine the reproductive for premenopausal breast cancer risk in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A case-control study was conducted in 216 histopathologically confirmed cases of premenopausal breast cancer and 216 community-based controls that were matched by age within a 5-year period and ethnicity. The results of this study showed that premenopausal breast cancer risks were strongly related to parity, number of live births and family history of breast cancer. Premenopausal women with these known reproductive and family history risk factors should take extra measures to undergo appropriate screening method for early detection of breast cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/pathology
  14. Fulltext Isolated late chest wall recurrence after mastectomy for breast cancer
    Azrif M, Saladina JJ, Nani ML, Shahrunniza AS, Norlia A, Rohaizak M
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Aug;66(3):255-6.
    PMID: 22111452 MyJurnal
    An isolated late chest wall recurrence after mastectomy for breast cancer is rare. We present a case of a lady with a T2N1M0 right breast cancer who developed an isolated local recurrence on the chest wall 11 years after mastectomy. Staging investigations excluded distant metastases. She underwent an excisional biopsy and was started on an aromatase inhibitor. Radiotherapy was given to the chest wall followed by a boost to the site of excision. Although most chest wall recurrences fare poorly, a favourable subgroup can be identified and should be treated aggressively in a multidisciplinary approach.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/pathology*
  15. Fulltext Fundamentals in the management of multiple myeloma
    Fadilah SA
    Med J Malaysia, 2010 Sep;65(3):231-9.
    PMID: 21939177
    Progress in our understanding of multiple myeloma and its treatment has resulted in a more tailored approach to patient management, with different therapeutics regimens for different patient populations. The decision to initiate therapy depends primarily on the presence of symptoms which has to balance the chance of tumor clearance and against the risks of treatment related mortality. Selection of appropriate initial treatment should be based primarily on patient's characteristics (biologic age, co-morbidities), the disease characteristics (tumor burden and genetic risk profile) and the expected toxicity profile of the different regimens. When treatment begins, in younger transplant eligible patients the goal is to achieve high quality responses with intensive therapies as the quality of response appears to be important surrogates for long-term outcome. In the majority of myeloma patients in whom intensive treatment is not an option due to advanced age and co-morbidities, treatment should emphasize on optimal disease control to obtain symptomatic relief and to maintain a satisfactory quality of life. The introduction of novel agents has substantially changed the treatment paradigm of this otherwise incurable disease. The utilization of these drugs has moved from relapse setting to the front line setting and has benefited all patient groups. Because of these rapid developments and many treatment options we need good quality clinical studies to guide clinical practice in the management of patients with multiple myeloma. This review presents an update on current concepts of diagnosis and treatment of patients with multiple myeloma and provides recommendations on tailored therapies with particular reference to the local practice. The information presented herein may be used by the health care providers caring for myeloma patients as a guideline to counsel patients to understand their disease and the treatment better.
    Matched MeSH terms: Multiple Myeloma/pathology
  16. Anti-inflammatory effect of Curcuma longa (turmeric) on collagen-induced arthritis: an anatomico-radiological study
    Taty Anna K, Elvy Suhana MR, Das S, Faizah O, Hamzaini AH
    Clin Ter, 2011;162(3):201-7.
    PMID: 21717043
    Curcuma longa (CL) or turmeric is an Ayurvedic herb that has been traditionally used to treat inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is a well established experimental auto-immune mediated polyarthritis in susceptible strains of rodents. The main aim of the study was to observe the inflammatory, macroscopic and radiological changes in the arthritic ankle joints of experimentally collagen-induced arthritis animals treated with or without CL extract.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
  17. Bioaccumulation and depuration of anthracene in Penaeus monodon (Fibricius) through food ingestion
    Ong PT, Yong JC, Chin KY, Hii YS
    Chemosphere, 2011 Jul;84(5):578-84.
    PMID: 21529890 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.03.059
    Understanding on the bioaccumulation and depuration of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in Penaeus monodon is important in seafood safety because it is one of the most popular seafood consumed worldwide. In this study, we used anthracene as the precursor compound for PAHs accumulation and depuration in the shrimp. Commercial feed pellets spiked with anthracene were fed to P. monodon. At 20 mg kg(-1) anthracene, P. monodon accumulated 0.1% of the anthracene from the feed. P. monodon deputed the PAH two times faster than its accumulation. The shrimp reduced its feed consumption when anthracene content in the feed exceeded 20 mg kg(-1). At 100 mg kg(-1) anthracene, P. monodon started to have necrosis tissues on the posterior end of their thorax. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF), uptake rate constant (k(1)) and depuration rate constant (k(2)) of anthracene in P. monodon were 1.15×10(-3), 6.80×10(-4) d(-1) and 6.28×10(-1) d(-1), respectively. The depuration rate constant is about thousand times higher than the uptake rate constant and this indicated that this crustacean is efficient in depurating hydrocarbons from their tissue.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thorax/pathology
  18. Involuntary movements in an elderly woman with recently diagnosed diabetes
    Lim SY, Ramli N, Tai SM, Nair SR
    J Clin Neurosci, 2011 Apr;18(4):539, 590.
    PMID: 21476221
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain/pathology
  19. Quality of life among breast cancer patients in Yemen
    Al-Naggar RA, Nagi NM, Ali MM, Almuasli M
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2011;12(9):2335-41.
    PMID: 22296380
    OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine the quality of life among breast cancer patients in Yemen based on socio-demographic and clinical characteristics.

    METHODOLOGY: This study was designed as a cross-sectional study. The data collected from 106 female breast cancer patients who were chosen for recruitment from the outpatient in National Oncology Centre (NOC), Sana'a, Yemen from November 2008 to June 2011. Questionnaires were distributed to the patients during their visit to the outpatient clinics in the center. The instrument of this study consists of two parts: Socio-demographic and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B) questionnaire. Regarding data analysis, means and SD of subscales were evaluated for descriptive purpose. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare the three groups regarding QOL subscales. Whereas, independent t-test was performed for comparing two groups regarding QOL subscales. Multiple linear regression using backward analysis was performed to obtain the final model for each domain. The final model was chosen depending on R2 and the p value of the model. A p value less than 0.05 is considered statistically significant.

    RESULTS: A total number of 106 breast cancer patients were participated in this study. The majority of them were uneducated, unemployed with normal weight and had middle income (60.4%; 95.3%; 59.4%, 46.2%; respectively). As for clinical characteristics of the study participants; the majority of them had had no family history of breast cancer, have been diagnosed at least 2 years, were diagnosed at grade 3 and size of tumor greater than 2 cm (88.7%, 66.0%, 35.8%, 73.6%; respectively). The majority of them underwent mastectomy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and tamoxifen therapy (85.8%, 63.2%, 94.3% and 62.3%; respectively). For univariate analysis, the present study has identified several factors includes family monthly income, BMI, educational status, years after diagnosis, histological grade radiotherapy and surgery that influence the QOL of breast cancer patients in Yemen. For multivariate analysis, years after diagnosis, family monthly income and radiotherapy were significantly associated with total QOL of the breast cancer patients (p=0.01, p=0.023, p=0.039; respectively).

    CONCLUSION: Family monthly income, BMI, educational status, years after diagnosis, histological grade radiotherapy and surgery were significantly influence the QOL of breast cancer patients in Yemen, in univariate analysis. For multivariate analysis, years after diagnosis, family monthly income and radiotherapy were significantly associated with total QOL of the breast cancer patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/pathology
  20. Identification of different subtypes of breast cancer using tissue microarray
    Munirah MA, Siti-Aishah MA, Reena MZ, Sharifah NA, Rohaizak M, Norlia A, et al.
    Rom J Morphol Embryol, 2011;52(2):669-77.
    PMID: 21655659
    Breast cancer may be classified into luminal A, luminal B, HER2+/ER-, basal-like and normal-like subtypes based on gene expression profiling or immunohistochemical (IHC) characteristics. The main aim of the present study was to classify breast cancer into molecular subtypes based on immunohistochemistry findings and correlate the subtypes with clinicopathological factors. Two hundred and seventeen primary breast carcinomas tumor tissues were immunostained for ER, PR, HER2, CK5/6, EGFR, CK8/18, p53 and Ki67 using tissue microarray technique. All subtypes were significantly associated with Malay ethnic background (p=0.035) compared to other racial origins. The most common subtypes of breast cancers were luminal A and was significantly associated with low histological grade (p<0.000) and p53 negativity (p=0.003) compared to HER2+/ER-, basal-like and normal-like subtypes with high histological grade (p<0.000) and p53 positivity (p=0.003). Luminal B subtype had the smallest mean tumor size (p=0.009) and also the highest mean number of lymph nodes positive (p=0.032) compared to other subtypes. All markers except EGFR and Ki67 were significantly associated with the subtypes. The most common histological type was infiltrating ductal carcinoma, NOS. Majority of basal-like subtype showed comedo-type necrosis (68.8%) and infiltrative margin (81.3%). Our studies suggest that IHC can be used to identify the different subtypes of breast cancer and all subtypes were significantly associated with race, mean tumor size, mean number of lymph node positive, histological grade and all immunohistochemical markers except EGFR and Ki67.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/pathology*
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