Displaying publications 261 - 280 of 1500 in total

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  1. Tok Ch, Bux S, Mohamed S, Lim B
    Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2006 Oct;2(4):e42.
    PMID: 21614328 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.2.4.e42
    Fibroids are the commonest uterine neoplasms, occurring in 20% - 30% of women of reproductive age. In women who have pelvic masses of unknown cause, unusual manifestations of fibroids such as necrosis or degeneration may simulate a carcinoma or hydrometra resulting in problems with image interpretation. We report a case of an unsuspected large degenerated uterine fibroid in a lady mistakenly diagnosed as hydrometra on computed tomography scanning.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  2. Finsterer J, Rettensteiner J, Stellamor V, Stöphasius E
    Med J Malaysia, 2013;68(1):86-7.
    PMID: 23466778
    Severe post-hemorrhaghic internal hydrocephalus with almost complete atrophy of the cerebral parenchyma, as in the following case, is rare.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  3. Teng H, Nawawi O, Ng K, Yik Y
    Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2005 Jul;1(1):e4.
    PMID: 21625276 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.1.1.e4
    Small bowel phytobezoars are rare and almost always obstructive. There have been previously reported cases of phytobezoars in the literature, however there are few reports on radiological findings for small bowel bezoars. Barium studies characteristically show an intraluminal filling defect of variable size that is not fixed to the bowel wall with barium filling the interstices giving a mottled appearance. On CT scan, the presence of a round or ovoid intraluminal mass with a 'mottled gas' pattern is believed to be pathognomonic. Since features on CT scans are characteristics and physical findings are of little assistance in the diagnosis of bezoar, the diagnostic value of CT needs to be emphasised.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  4. Aziz MZ, Yusoff AL, Osman ND, Abdullah R, Rabaie NA, Salikin MS
    J Med Phys, 2015 Jul-Sep;40(3):150-5.
    PMID: 26500401 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6203.165080
    It has become a great challenge in the modern radiation treatment to ensure the accuracy of treatment delivery in electron beam therapy. Tissue inhomogeneity has become one of the factors for accurate dose calculation, and this requires complex algorithm calculation like Monte Carlo (MC). On the other hand, computed tomography (CT) images used in treatment planning system need to be trustful as they are the input in radiotherapy treatment. However, with the presence of metal amalgam in treatment volume, the CT images input showed prominent streak artefact, thus, contributed sources of error. Hence, metal amalgam phantom often creates streak artifacts, which cause an error in the dose calculation. Thus, a streak artifact reduction technique was applied to correct the images, and as a result, better images were observed in terms of structure delineation and density assigning. Furthermore, the amalgam density data were corrected to provide amalgam voxel with accurate density value. As for the errors of dose uncertainties due to metal amalgam, they were reduced from 46% to as low as 2% at d80 (depth of the 80% dose beyond Zmax) using the presented strategies. Considering the number of vital and radiosensitive organs in the head and the neck regions, this correction strategy is suggested in reducing calculation uncertainties through MC calculation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  5. Mohanaraj T, Hanif H, Zainal AA
    Med J Malaysia, 2015 Feb;70(1):31-2.
    PMID: 26032526 MyJurnal
    Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) are rare gastrointestinal tumours and are one of the causes of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. We report a case of massive gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to bleeding jejunal GIST in a 43 years old gentleman. Endoscopic intervention failed to identify the source of bleeding and CT Angiography (CTA) showed a jejunal mass and patient underwent laparotomy and resection of the bleeding jejunal GIST. This article highlights the rare cause of the massive GI bleeding and also emphasise the role of CTA in obscure GI bleeding.
    Matched MeSH terms: Computed Tomography Angiography
  6. Tan TH, Wong TH, Hassan SZ, Lee BN
    Clin Nucl Med, 2015 Nov;40(11):867-8.
    PMID: 26252329 DOI: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000000920
    A 17-year-old adolescent boy with biochemically raised 2-hour urinary metanephrine and normetanephrine as well as CT findings of retroperitoneal soft tissue mass and bony metastases was referred for further assessment. Apart from Ga DOTATATE PET/CT evaluation, pretargeted systemic radionuclide therapy assessment with I-MIBG scintigraphy showed unusual phenomenon of MIBG superscan. Postsurgically, restaging Tc-MDP bone scintigraphy showed typical bone superscan features. The MIBG superscan was better delineated on post-I-MIBG therapy images.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed*; Positron-Emission Tomography*
  7. Mat Sain H
    Dig Surg, 2002;19(3):168.
    PMID: 12119517
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  8. Samuel D
    Med J Malaysia, 1990 Dec;45(4):335-9.
    PMID: 2152056
    Two cases of longstanding foreign bodies in the larynx and lower laryngo-pharynx were accurately localised by direct coronal3 and limited axial CT scans of the neck. The relationship of the foreign bodies with the surrounding structures and associated changes are demonstrated clearly.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  9. Singh S, Mirdha N, Shilpa PH, Tiwari RVC, Abdul MSM, Sainudeen S
    J Int Soc Prev Community Dent, 2019 06 07;9(3):245-249.
    PMID: 31198696 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_411_18
    Aim and Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the apical transportation, centering ability, and volume of removed dentin of WaveOne Gold (WOG) and 2Shape with the use of cone-beam computed tomography.

    Materials and Methods: Freshly extracted mandibular teeth with sample size of thirty were carefully chosen and instrumented using the 2Shape and WOG rotary files. Preoperative and postinstrumentation cone-beam computed tomographic scans were done to accomplish mesial and distal dentin walls' measurements and volume of removed dentin calculations, apical transportation, and centering ratio. Statistical analysis was performed and confirmed by independent t-test. Statistical significance was set at 5%.

    Results: When shaping ability of 2Shape and WOG was evaluated, it was reported that there was no statistically significant differences noted among the groups in relation to the total volume of removed dentin, apical transportation, and centering ratio.

    Conclusion: It can be concluded that 2Shape and WOG preserved the original canal anatomy well and did not eliminate excess dentin during shaping and cleaning. Rotary nickel-titanium files which work on the principle of rotary movement attained an outcome analogous to that of the rotary files working on reciprocating motion in relation to alteration in angle.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
  10. Ab Mumin N, Azman RR, Chan WY
    Med J Malaysia, 2019 Jun;74(3):240-242.
    PMID: 31256183
    In central venous obstruction, vertebral marrow enhancement (VME) may be seen secondary to collateral venous flow via the vertebral venous plexus.1 There are only sporadic case reports on pseudolesions due to collateral enhancement mimicking sclerotic osseous metastasis. This abnormal vertebral enhancement may lead to erroneous diagnosis of sclerotic metastases or suspicious bone lesion which affect the management and prognosis. We describe a case of brachiocephalic vein obstruction-related vertebral body pseudolesions as identified in contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography
  11. Yip VCH, Wong HT, Yong VKY, Lim BA, Hee OK, Cheng J, et al.
    J Glaucoma, 2019 07;28(7):e132-e133.
    PMID: 31135585 DOI: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000001289
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, Optical Coherence
  12. Kow CS, Hasan SS
    J Infect, 2021 02;82(2):e19.
    PMID: 32956731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.017
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  13. Beh YH, Farook TH, Jamayet NB, Dudley J, Rashid F, Barman A, et al.
    Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2021 03;58(3):386-390.
    PMID: 32808548 DOI: 10.1177/1055665620950074
    OBJECTIVE: The virtual cone beam computed tomography-derived 3-dimensional model was compared with the scanned conventional model used in the fabrication of a palatal obturator for a patient with a large palatal defect.

    DESIGN: A digitally derived 3-dimensional maxillary model incorporating the palatal defect was generated from the patient's existing cone beam computerized tomography data and compared with the scanned cast from the conventional impression for linear dimensions, area, and volume. The digitally derived cast was 3-dimensionally printed and the obturator fabricated using traditional techniques. Similarly, an obturator was fabricated from the conventional cast and the fit of both final obturator bulbs were compared in vivo.

    RESULTS: The digitally derived model produced more accurate volumes and surface areas within the defect. The defect margins and peripheries were overestimated which was reflected clinically.

    CONCLUSION: The digitally derived model provided advantages in the fabrication of the palatal obturator; however, further clinical research is required to refine consistency.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
  14. Nazri M, Bux SI, Tengku-Kamalden TF, Ng KH, Sun Z
    Quant Imaging Med Surg, 2013 Apr;3(2):82-8.
    PMID: 23630655 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2013.03.06
    To investigate the prevalence of incidental sinus abnormalities on CT and MRI imaging of the head, and identify if there is any correlation between patient symptomatology and image findings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  15. Asif MK, Ibrahim N, Sivarajan S, Heng Khiang Teh N, Chek Wey M
    Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2020 Oct;158(4):579-586.e1.
    PMID: 32826123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.09.022
    INTRODUCTION: The study aimed to investigate the effects of micro-osteoperforations (MOPs) on the mandibular bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) ratio changes and the rate of orthodontic tooth movement using cone-beam computed tomography images. Another objective was to evaluate the effects of MOP frequency intervals (4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks) on the BV/TV ratio and rate of tooth movement.

    METHODS: In 24 participants, 140-200 g of force was applied for mandibular canine retraction. Three MOPs were made according to the scheduled intervals of the 3 different groups: group 1 (MOP 4 weeks), group 2 (MOP 8 weeks), and group 3 (MOP 12 weeks) directly at the mandibular buccal cortical bone of extracted first premolars sites. Cone-beam computed tomography scans were obtained at the 12th week after MOP application. Computed tomography Analyzer software (version 1.11.0.0; Skyscan, Kontich, Belgium) was used to compute the trabecular alveolar BV/TV ratio.

    RESULTS: A significant difference was observed in the rate of canine movement between control and MOP. Paired t test analysis showed a significant difference (P = 0.001) in the mean BV/TV ratio between control and MOP sides in all the frequency intervals groups. However, the difference was significant only in group 1 (P = 0.014). A strong negative correlation (r = -0.86) was observed between the rate of canine tooth movement and the BV/TV ratio at the MOP side for group 1 and all frequency intervals together (r = -0.42).

    CONCLUSIONS: The rate of orthodontic tooth movement can be accelerated by the MOP technique with frequently repeated MOPs throughout the treatment.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
  16. Alirr OI, Rahni AAA
    J Digit Imaging, 2020 04;33(2):304-323.
    PMID: 31428898 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-019-00262-8
    Preoperative planning for liver surgical treatments is an essential planning tool that aids in reducing the risks of surgical resection. Based on the computed tomography (CT) images, the resection can be planned before the actual tumour resection surgery. The computer-aided system provides an overview of the spatial relationships of the liver organ and its internal structures, tumours, and vasculature. It also allows for an accurate calculation of the remaining liver volume after resection. The aim of this paper was to review the main stages of the computer-aided system that helps to evaluate the risk of resection during liver cancer surgical treatments. The computer-aided system assists with surgical planning by enabling physicians to get volumetric measurements and visualise the liver, tumours, and surrounding vasculature. In this paper, it is concluded that for accurate planning of tumour resections, the liver organ and its internal structures should be segmented to understand the clear spatial relationship between them, thus allowing for a safer resection. This paper presents the main proposed segmentation techniques for each stage in the computer-aided system, namely the liver organ, tumours, and vessels. From the reviewed methods, it has been found that instead of relying on a single specific technique, a combination of a group of techniques would give more accurate segmentation results. The extracted masks from the segmentation algorithms are fused together to give the surgeons the 3D visualisation tool to study the spatial relationships of the liver and to calculate the required resection planning parameters.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  17. Obade AY, Pandarathodiyil AK, Oo AL, Warnakulasuriya S, Ramanathan A
    Clin Oral Investig, 2021 Sep;25(9):5411-5419.
    PMID: 33629155 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03849-0
    OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the ability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to differentiate ex vivo epithelial structure of benign disorders, dysplastic, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in comparison with the structure of normal marginal mucosa of oral biopsies. As a secondary objective, we examined the inter- and intra-observer variations of OCT measurements of two calibrated assessors.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Oral biopsies (n = 44) were scanned using the swept source OCT (SSOCT) and grouped by pathology diagnosis to benign, dysplasia or carcinoma. Two trained and calibrated assessors scored on the five OCT variables: thickness of keratin layer (KL), epithelial layer (EL), homogeneity of lamina propria (LP), basement membrane integrity (BMI), and the degree of reflection of the epithelial layer (Ep Re). Chi-square tests and Fischer's exact method were used to compare the data.

    RESULTS: The OCT images showed breached BM status in all the OSCC samples (100%). Epithelial reflection was noted to be hyper-reflective in all the OSCC and oral dysplasia samples (100%). An increase in KL in 66.67% of the OSCC and 100% of the oral dysplasia samples was found. EL was increased in all the OSCC samples (100%) and 85.72% of the oral dysplasias. Kappa values showed that there was very good agreement (over 0.7) when scoring individual parameters between the two assessors.

    CONCLUSION: The study showed that the BM status was a key parameter in the detection of SCC and for differentiating SCC from oral dysplasia or benign disorders.

    CLINICAL RELEVANCE: OCT is a non-invasive and non-radioactive adjunct diagnostic tool that can provide immediate results on the structure of oral mucosa. The BM status measured ex vivo was a key parameter in the detection of SCC and for differentiating SCC from oral dysplasia or benign disorders.

    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, Optical Coherence
  18. Nazimi, A.J., Nuraudi Zafirah, A.R., Nur Syaira, I., Izhar, A.A., Muhd Fazlynizam, R.
    Medicine & Health, 2020;15(1):237-249.
    MyJurnal
    Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menerokai kaedah pembantu penanda permukaan terhadap implan orbital untuk pembedahan tulang orbit. Enam tengkorak manusia dewasa kering telah digunakan dalam kajian ini. Implan orbital aluminium yang disediakan secara individu, dengan ketebalan 0.4 mm disediakan untuk lantai orbit secara bilateral. Empat penanda permukaan implan fizikal dari aspek anterior dan posterior implan yang disediakan dan diimbas secara optik. Pemeriksaan pra-pembedahan tomografi berkomputer ‘cone-beam’ (CBCT) diperolehi untuk semua lantai orbit. Data 'Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine' (DICOM) tengkorak diambil, diimport dan direka bentuk dengan format data stereolithografi (STL) implan orbital masing-masing menggunakan iPlan CMF (Versi 3.0, BrainLab, Jerman). Teknik gabungan imej dilakukan untuk setiap tengkorak selepas pembinaan semula dengan pengambilan pos-pembedahan CBCT. Pengukuran berasaskan daripada data tomografi terhadap posisi implant kemudian dinilai di antara kedudukan implan yang direncanakan dan yang direalisasikan dalam satah sagittal dan coronal. Analisa statistik dijalankan menggunakan Statistik Statistik PASW® 18. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa 38 daripada 48 penanda permukaan yang dinilai menunjukkan peningkatan ketinggian kedudukan dalam skala kecil pasca-pembedahan berbanding dengan kedudukan implan orbital maya. Semakan metrik Euclidean menunjukkan perbezaan yang kurang daripada 1.00 mm dalam semua penanda permukaan kecuali pada kawasan lej posterior dan anterior dalam penilaian satah sagittal. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa penempatan penanda permukaan terhadap implant orbit dalam pembedahan navigasi orbit menyumbang kepada kedudukan implan orbital secara konsisten.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
  19. Khan AS, Ur Rehman S, Ahmad S, AlMaimouni YK, Alzamil MAS, Dummer PMH
    Int Endod J, 2021 Oct;54(10):1819-1839.
    PMID: 34196006 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13595
    AIM: The International Endodontic Journal (IEJ) has served as a platform for research and clinical practice in Endodontics since 1967. This study provides a bibliographic analysis and overview of the publications that have appeared in the IEJ from 1967 to 2020.

    METHODOLOGY: A literature search was performed in Elsevier's Scopus database to locate all the publications of the International Endodontic Journal. Various bibliometric software packages including the open-source visualization software Gephi and Biblioshiny (version 2.0) were employed for data visualization and analysis.

    RESULTS: A total of 3739 records with citation and bibliographic details were selected and retrieved to allow a bibliometric analysis to be performed. The bibliometric analysis indicates that the IEJ has grown both in terms of productivity and influence. Over time, the journal has been associated with an increase in the number of manuscripts published and the citations they have attracted, but with minor downward fluctuations in citations in the last few years. Bibliographic coupling of the IEJ articles revealed that the major research themes published in the journal include 'endodontics', 'root canal treatment', 'calcium hydroxide', 'apical periodontitis', 'mineral trioxide aggregate', 'microbiology', 'cyclic fatigue', 'cone-beam computed tomography' and 'micro-computed tomography'. Authors affiliated to institutions in the UK were the major contributors to the journal and were linked with other countries such as Brazil, USA and Malaysia. The largest number of publications were from the University of São Paulo, Brazil.

    CONCLUSION: The IEJ is one of the leading journals in Endodontology and has been providing a platform for innovative research and clinical reports for more than 50 years. Publications have been associated with a wide range of authors, institutions and countries around the world.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
  20. Cho YH, Seo JB, Lee SM, Kim N, Yun J, Hwang JE, et al.
    Eur Radiol, 2021 Oct;31(10):7316-7324.
    PMID: 33847809 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-07747-7
    OBJECTIVES: To apply radiomics analysis for overall survival prediction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and evaluate the performance of the radiomics signature (RS).

    METHODS: This study included 344 patients from the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease (KOLD) cohort. External validation was performed on a cohort of 112 patients. In total, 525 chest CT-based radiomics features were semi-automatically extracted. The five most useful features for survival prediction were selected by least absolute shrinkage and selection operation (LASSO) Cox regression analysis and used to generate a RS. The ability of the RS for classifying COPD patients into high or low mortality risk groups was evaluated with the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.

    RESULTS: The five features remaining after the LASSO analysis were %LAA-950, AWT_Pi10_6th, AWT_Pi10_heterogeneity, %WA_heterogeneity, and VA18mm. The RS demonstrated a C-index of 0.774 in the discovery group and 0.805 in the validation group. Patients with a RS greater than 1.053 were classified into the high-risk group and demonstrated worse overall survival than those in the low-risk group in both the discovery (log-rank test, < 0.001; hazard ratio [HR], 5.265) and validation groups (log-rank test, < 0.001; HR, 5.223). For both groups, RS was significantly associated with overall survival after adjustments for patient age and body mass index.

    CONCLUSIONS: A radiomics approach for survival prediction and risk stratification in COPD patients is feasible, and the constructed radiomics model demonstrated acceptable performance. The RS derived from chest CT data of COPD patients was able to effectively identify those at increased risk of mortality.

    KEY POINTS: • A total of 525 chest CT-based radiomics features were extracted and the five radiomics features of %LAA-950, AWT_Pi10_6th, AWT_Pi10_heterogeneity, %WA_heterogeneity, and VA18mm were selected to generate a radiomics model. • A radiomics model for predicting survival of COPD patients demonstrated reliable performance with a C-index of 0.774 in the discovery group and 0.805 in the validation group. • Radiomics approach was able to effectively identify COPD patients with an increased risk of mortality, and patients assigned to the high-risk group demonstrated worse overall survival in both the discovery and validation groups.

    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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