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  1. Marshall J, Doone E, Price M
    Disabil Rehabil, 2019 11;41(22):2653-2662.
    PMID: 29779396 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1474497
    Background: This study examined parents' developmental concerns for their children within the context of systems of care in Malaysia. Methods: Focus groups and interviews were conducted in peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. Results: Parents' perceptions of developmental delay stemmed from three sources: the cultural, resource, and the social environments. Conclusion: There is a need to develop a medical support system in Malaysia that considers a life-course perspective, including prenatal care, screening/diagnosis, and services. This system should embrace a family-centered approach to diagnosis, referral, intervention, and support with sensitivity to cultural beliefs, family preferences, and barriers to care. Implications for Rehabilitation Parental perceptions of disability affect the strategies they use to cope. This research found that cultural conceptions of disability, available resources, and social support affect parental perceptions of disability. The resource environment in Malaysia significantly restricts parents' ability to cope with their child's disability. This research recommended that the medical system of Malaysia develops a life-course perspective to disability to provide a range of care for children with disabilities including prenatal care, screening and rehabilitation or coping services.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  2. Abdullah H
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Febuxostat is a non-purine-selective oral xanthine oxidase inhibitor drug, and is an alternative to Allopurinol to lower serum uric acid in gout patients. It is probably more effective than Allopurinol, however, its use is limited because of its cost and availability. Allopurinol has been the mainstay treatment for gout for about 50 years. However, its use has been associated with allergic reactions especially in patients with renal impairment.The objective of this study was to describe HTAA Rheumatology Unit experiences with Febuxostat in the management of gout.
    Materials and method: Case records belonging to 6 patients who had been started on Febuxostat between January 2012 and January 2017 were analysed.
    Results: The majority of patients on Febuxostat were males (83.3%) as well as Malays (83.3%). About 66.7% of patients had already developed mild to moderate chronic kidney disease (GFR between 30-89 mL/min) due to multifactorial causes by the time they were started on Febuxostat. Also 33% of patients had mild liver impairment (ALT & AST < 1.5 ULN) due to fatty liver prior to Febuxostat. All patients had been started on Febuxostat due to allergic reactions to Allopurinol. All patients were on Febuxostat 40 mg once a day. Following Febuxostat, a significant decrease in the uric acid levels much closer to the target level i.e. less than 360 µmol/L were achieved in all patients. Only 1 patient (16.7%) developed a side effect i.e. ALT > 1.5 ULN while the rest tolerated the drug very well.
    Conclusion: Although the number of patients analysed was small, Febuxostat was shown to be very effective and safe for use in patients with gout even with concomitant mild to moderate renal impairment. Serum uric acid levels reduced significantly while on the lowest dose of 40 mg once a day.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia; Malaysia/ethnology
  3. Ooi CH, Bujang MA, Tg Abu Bakar Sidik TMI, Ngui R, Lim YA
    Acta Trop, 2017 Dec;176:83-90.
    PMID: 28768148 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.07.027
    Malaria is still of great public health concern, especially in Malaysian Borneo. The aim of this study was to determine the trends of P. knowlesi infection in Sarawak, Malaysia and to forecast the incidence of P. knowlesi until the year 2040. Data on P. knowlesi malaria cases from 1992 to the year 2014 were obtained from the Sarawak Health Department, Malaysia. ARIMA model was applied to forecast the future incidence of P. knowlesi infection. The data for the whole of Sarawak and subsequently the selected six districts which have high incidence rates of P. knowlesi infection were analyzed. Results of the analysis showed that there was an increasing trend of P. knowlesi cases from the year 1992-2014 (p<0.001). The trend in the incidence started to increase in the year 2008 (p=0.029). The incidence rate per 100,000 populations was between 4.15 in the year 1992 and 42.03 in the year 2014. High incidence of P. knowlesi infections has been detected in the districts adjacent to each other within the interior region of Sarawak. The forecasted incidence and incidence rate per 100,000 populations in the year 2020 were 1229 and 44.04, respectively, while those in the year 2040 were 2056 and 62.91, respectively. The forecasted incidence showed an upward trend highlighting an urgent need to draw up strategic and holistic prevention plans to limit further the increase in P. knowlesi morbidity and mortality in Sarawak. It is imperative that these measures are customized taking into consideration the challenges faced in the interior areas of Sarawak and the behavior of the main vector of P. knowlesi (i.e., An. latens) in Sarawak.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  4. Sukeri S, Idris Z, Zahiruddin WM, Shafei MN, Idris N, Hamat RA, et al.
    PLoS One, 2018;13(7):e0200871.
    PMID: 30021013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200871
    This qualitative study aimed to explore the misconceptions, knowledge gaps and constructs of leptospirosis among 72 respondents from rural and urban districts in two states of Malaysia. We conducted focus group discussions and data were examined using thematic analyses. The layman term of 'rat urine disease' contributed the most to the misconceptions regarding leptospirosis. There were gaps in the knowledge among urban and rural respondents in the two states, with the majority of subjects demonstrating a poor understanding of the disease. Construction of knowledge about leptospirosis relied mostly on the information provided by mass and social media; reading materials; word-of-mouth publicity; observations; experiences; and knowledge sharing among families, friends, and communities. The study findings may provide the foundation for the development of educational materials that may reduce the gaps in knowledge, and thereby improve health literacy and enhance preventive health behaviours for avoiding leptospirosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  5. Ghazali SE, Mohd Zulkifly MF, Che Din N, Desa A, Ali RA
    MyJurnal
    Stroke is a causal factor that commonly caused physical impairments and activity limitations among patients to perform daily activities until at certain level stroke patients will experience disability. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship of each demographic and clinical factors that is believed to associate with physical functioning of patients
    those who experienced stroke. This present study also try to compare physical functioning of patients with associated factors and then examine the correlation between those factors with physical functioning. A total of 147 respondents that pass for cognitive screening test involved in this study. Barthel Index (ADL) was administered to the respondents after 6 weeks of stroke attack in order to measure their physical functioning status. Results found that there was a significant difference [F(3, 143) = 4.06; p < 0.01] between level of educations with physical functioning of patients. With respect to clinical factors also showed a significant difference (p < 0.01) was higher in physical functioning when stroke attack
    occurred at right hemisphere of brain. There was a significant difference (p < 0.01) in physical functioning with respect to belief of recovery. Furthermore, number of stroke attack also showed a significant difference [F(1, 145) = 11.19; [p < 0.01] in physical functioning of patients. Correlation test that was carried out found a positive significant correlation
    (r = 0.24; p < 0.01) between physical functioning with respect to the affected lesion side. In conclusion, demographic and clinical factors also played the roles to determine level of physical functioning among stroke patients and thus these factors should be considered in any studies that intended to enhance physical functioning of patients in future.
    Keywords: stroke; physical functioning; disability; physical impairment
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia; Malaysia/ethnology
  6. Jeffree SM, Mihat O, Lukman KA, Ibrahim MY, Kamaludin F, Hassan MR, et al.
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2016;17(7):3123-9.
    PMID: 27509940
    BACKGROUND: Cancer is the fourth leading cause of death in Sabah Malaysia with a reported agestandardized incidence rate was 104.9 per 100,000 in 2007. The incidence rate depends on nonmandatory notification in the registry. Underreporting will provide the false picture of cancer control program effectiveness. The present study was to evaluate the performance of the cancer registry system in terms of representativeness, data quality, simplicity, acceptability and timeliness and provision of recommendations for improvement.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The evaluation was conducted among key informants in the National Cancer Registry (NCR) and reporting facilities from FebMay 2012 and was based on US CDC guidelines. Representativeness was assessed by matching cancer case in the Health Information System (HIS) and state pathology records with those in NCR. Data quality was measured through case finding and reabstracting of medical records by independent auditors. The reabstracting portion comprised 15 data items. Selfadministered questionnaires were used to assess simplicity and acceptability. Timeliness was measured from date of diagnosis to date of notification received and data dissemination.

    RESULTS: Of 4613 cancer cases reported in HIS, 83.3% were matched with cancer registry. In the state pathology centre, 99.8% was notified to registry. Duplication of notification was 3%. Data completeness calculated for 104 samples was 63.4%. Registrars perceived simplicity in coding diagnosis as moderate. Notification process was moderately acceptable. Median duration of interval 1 was 5.7 months.

    CONCLUSIONS: The performances of registry's attributes are fairly positive in terms of simplicity, case reporting sensitivity, and predictive value positive. It is moderately acceptable, data completeness and inflexible. The usefulness of registry is the area of concern to achieve registry objectives. Timeliness of reporting is within international standard, whereas timeliness to data dissemination was longer up to 4 years. Integration between existing HIS and national registration department will improve data quality.

    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  7. Mohamed M, Hussein Z, Nazeri A, Chan SP
    Med J Malaysia, 2016 Aug;71(4):177-185.
    PMID: 27770116 MyJurnal
    The aim of the study was to re-evaluate the relationship between hospital based diabetes care delivery and prevention of complications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia; Malaysia/ethnology
  8. Tan MS, Teoh EJ, Hor CP, Yeoh AA
    Med J Malaysia, 2016 Aug;71(4):157-160.
    PMID: 27770112 MyJurnal
    INTRODUCTION: Children who develop any hypersensitivity reaction to eggs are routinely referred to hospital for Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) vaccination as inpatients to prevent anaphylaxis. We aimed to study the association between hypersensitivity reactions after egg exposure and similar reactions after MMR immunisation; and examine the necessity of hospital admission for vaccination.
    METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted in Paediatric Department in Bukit Mertajam Hospital, Penang, between March and December 2014. Children referred from local polyclinics for inpatient MMR vaccination because of a history of egg allergy were recruited. The children were observed in the ward for post vaccination allergic reactions. Concurrently, a group of children without egg allergy was recruited from those admitted for other illnesses but had recent MMR vaccination at polyclinics. Parents of these children were interviewed and asked if they had observed any reactions post vaccination. In both groups, sociodemographics, medical history and family history of atopy were collected.
    RESULTS: Eighty-seven subjects were recruited in this study. Fifty-four infants with egg allergy had previous mild allergic reactions after exposure to eggs or egg-related products. They were associated with a family history of egg hypersensitivity, personal history of acute gastroenteritis and upper respiratory tract infections. Two of them developed cutaneous rashes post vaccination during observation, but none developed anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions. Two infants among those without egg allergy had post vaccination fever. There was no association between egg allergy and hypersensitivity reactions to MMR vaccine (p=0.632).
    CONCLUSIONS: MMR vaccine can be safely administered to children with mild egg allergy, hence admission for vaccination in the hospital is not warranted. Risk stratification is required to ensure only infants with severe reactions will be admitted for vaccination.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia; Malaysia/ethnology
  9. Choon SE, Ngim CF, Supramaniam P, Tey KE, Madhavan NN
    Med J Malaysia, 2016 Aug;71(4):171-176.
    PMID: 27770115 MyJurnal
    Limited information exists regarding paediatric psoriasis and its association with body mass index (bMI) in Asia.

    Study site: Department of Dermatology in Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia; Malaysia/ethnology
  10. Tajik E, Abd Latiff L, Adznam SN, Awang H, Yit Siew C, Abu Bakar AS
    J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 2017 Oct;57(10):1382-1387.
    PMID: 28004901 DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.16.06658-5
    BACKGROUND: Inadequate physical activity has adverse health consequences among adolescents. Mental health problem can be developed by lack of physical activity however it is controversial. The current study aimed to examine the association between level of physical activity with depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among adolescents.

    METHODS: A representative sample of 1747 adolescents (13-14 years) was randomly selected from 6 schools in a south part of Malaysia. Respondents were asked to fill consent form, and questionnaires including Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 and Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents.

    RESULTS: Majority of respondents (71.9%) was Malay and more than half of the adolescents had low physical activity. About 40% had depression symptoms, followed by anxiety symptoms (65.9%) and stress symptoms (38.5%). Level of physical activity was significantly associated with gender, anxiety and stress (P<0.001). There were no associations with race, religion and depression symptom.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study provides some evidence among school-going adolescents related to anxiety and stress symptoms and low physical activities. Further studies are needed to show the protection effects of higher physical activity for depression, anxiety and stress symptoms in adolescents.

    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  11. Tan AKG, Yen ST, Fang X, Chiang FS
    Int Health, 2019 03 01;11(2):150-158.
    PMID: 30321364 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihy072
    BACKGROUND: This study examined the factors associated with body mass index (BMI) categories of Malaysian adolescents by physical activity (PA) status.

    METHODS: Data were obtained from the 2012 Malaysia Global School-based Student Health Survey. Generalized ordered logit regression analysis was conducted on 24 339 adolescents by PA status.

    RESULTS: Early- (ages 11-13) and middle-stage (ages 14-16) adolescents were associated with higher overweight and obesity risks than their older peers (ages 17-18). Male adolescents faced higher underweight and obesity likelihoods than females. Hunger due to food shortage at home was associated with higher likelihoods of underweight and normal weight BMI categories. Smokers were more likely to be underweight or normal weight than non-smokers. Segmented-sample analysis by PA status indicated that, while the direction of associations was parallel across PA status, the magnitudes of association between age, hunger and smoking status with BMI status were greater among active than inactive adolescents.

    CONCLUSIONS: Male adolescents faced a dual burden of underweight and obesity. Other sociodemographic and dietary-lifestyle factors were associated with adolescent BMI categories. Segmented-sample analysis by PA status uncovered varying associations between factors that would otherwise be masked in pooled sample analysis. Public health authorities should take these factors into consideration when deliberating programs to ensure healthy adolescent body weight.

    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  12. Ismail S, Saw CL
    Malays J Pathol, 2018 Aug;40(2):129-135.
    PMID: 30173229 MyJurnal
    INTRODUCTION: The objectives of this study were to analyse, compare and contrast the demographic, clinical and pathological data of odontogenic tumours seen at a regional oral pathology centre in the Northern part of Peninsular Malaysia with other international data as an aid to clinicians in diagnosing odontogenic tumours.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive, retrospective study of odontogenic tumours diagnosed from January 2007 to December 2014 at this centre. The odontogenic tumours were classified using the 2005 World Health Organization classification system.

    RESULTS: Among 2,733 biopsy specimens, 173 cases were diagnosed as odontogenic tumours (6.3%), of which 171 (98.8%) are benign and 2 (1.2%) are malignant. The most frequently encountered tumour was ameloblastoma (n=96, 55.5%), followed by keratocystic odontogenic tumour (KCOT) (n=38, 22.0%) and odontomas (n=16, 9.2%). Malignant tumours accounted for 1.2% of the tumours. Most ameloblastomas and KCOTs affected the mandible preferentially. The mean age was 33.5 (± 17.8) years and 64.7% of patients were in the age group of 10 to 39. Odontogenic tumours were slightly more common in males, with a male to female ratio of 1.4:1.

    CONCLUSION: The findings of this study are similar to the other studies in Asia in which the most common tumour encountered is the ameloblastoma, followed by KCOT. The most common signs and symptoms are pain and swelling, while paraesthesia and root resorption are less frequently reported. Such clinical and radiographic features should alert the clinician of a possible odontogenic tumour and though rare, malignant tumours should also be included in the differential diagnoses.

    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  13. Siti Mariam Muda, Nurul Akma Jamil
    MyJurnal
    In Malaysia, breastfeeding was dominantly practiced among Malay whose deeply believe in Islam and any decision should abide by Islamic teachings. Existing literature appear to have limited evidence on Malay mothers’ interpretation and construction of this practice. The decision to breastfeed was believed to be influenced by social and cultural context. Therefore, in order to explore life experience of breastfeeding mothers on their beliefs related to religious and sociocultural, qualitative study design was used. A minimal guidance of phenomenological approach adopted as the methodological framework. Semi structured interviews were carried out among 15 mothers whose were recruited from four Maternal and Child Health Clinic in Kuantan using purposive sampling. The experience of researchers thorough out their journey will be shared in terms of challenges; barriers and solution to overcome the concerned that exist while conducting in-depth interview session.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
  14. Chai WL, Phang YH, Chong HC
    MyJurnal
    Tumoral calcinosis is an uncommon condition which has been described to exist in primary and secondary forms. A lack of awareness of this entity can lead to unnecessary procedures and incorrect management. We report a case of a patient on peritoneal dialysis who presented with multiple painful joint swellings to the orthopaedic department. An initial diagnosis of septic arthritis was made, then revised to chronic tophaceous gout and referred to the rheumatology unit.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
  15. Lee SC, Sidi H, Zakaria H, Loo JL, Yahaya R
    MyJurnal
    Exhibitionism is a distressing condition which may have a link with the increasing availability and usage of online sexual activities (OSA). We highlight a 42-year-old man who presented with a constant craving for OSA to achieve his sexual satisfaction which included exposing his genitalia to virtual partners, unsuspected strangers, and colleagues in public areas. His sexual behaviours were further reinforced by an online video chatting with genitalia exposure, which ended commonly with an exchange of masturbatory acts. He denied any problem with his erection and able to achieve orgasm via common sexual acts. There was no past psychiatric history nor family history of mental disorder. He volunteered to seek psychiatric help and subsequently given a psycho education on his illness and how to cope with the distress associated with his sexual acts. He was scheduled for an intensive psychotherapy to instil insight and hope to deal with his sexual difficulties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia; Malaysia/ethnology
  16. Chuah C, Gobert GN, Latif B, Heo CC, Leow CY
    Acta Trop, 2019 Feb;190:137-143.
    PMID: 30448471 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.11.012
    Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical parasitic disease caused by the trematode flatworms of the genus Schistosoma, affects approximately 207 million people worldwide. Among the five main species infecting humans, Schistosoma mansoni and S. japonicum are responsible for the majority of hepatointestinal schistosomiasis. Human settlements near fresh water sites that lack proper sanitary systems often contribute to the transmission of disease. This risk particularly impacts on travellers or immigrants who come into contact with larvae-contaminated water. This review discusses the central features of schistosomiasis; including clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatments, and the preventive measures available for the control of this disease. The description of the Malaysian schistosome species Schistosoma malayensis and the current status of schistosomiasis in Malaysia including the compilation of cases diagnosed from 1904 to 2015 are also discussed in this paper.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  17. Khor GL, Shariff ZM
    BMC Public Health, 2019 Dec 16;19(1):1685.
    PMID: 31842826 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-8055-8
    The purpose of this correspondence is to express our disappointment with the coverage of the BMC Public Health supplement: Vol 19 (4) titled "Health and Nutritional Issues Among Low Income Population in Malaysia", which neglected to include the fundamental health and nutrition issues that are adversely affecting the lives and livelihood of the indigenous peoples. The Supplement comprised 21 papers. Two of these papers included indigenous peoples as study subjects. These two papers addressed peripheral, albeit important health issues, namely visual impairment and quality of life, and not the persistent and rising health concerns impacting this population. We will provide evidence from research and reports to justify our critique that the Supplement missed the opportunity to spotlight on the serious extent of the health and nutritional deprivations of the indigenous peoples of Malaysia. As researchers of the indigenous peoples, we ought to lend our voice to the "silenced minority" by highlighting their plight in the media including scientific journals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
  18. Chan, S.C., Teoh, L.C.
    MyJurnal
    The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of the dengue viral genome has been found useful for diagnosis of acute dengue infections, being detected from one day and up to 18 days post onset of symptoms (1). Rapid Dengue NS1 antigen test was made available in commercial test kits for private clinics in Perak in 2014. This study aimed to determine the use usefulness of dengue NS1 test kits in suspected dengue cases in a general practice clinic in Perak and the period in which positive test results were obtained after the onset of symptoms. Clinic records of all suspected dengue cases seen in the ten months from October 2014 to July 2015 were traced. Patients’ demographic characteristics, presenting symptoms and the use of One Step Dengue NS1 Antigen test (Avo Diagnostics) were analyzed using SPSS version 17. Seventy one suspected dengue fever cases were seen in the study period, the highest number in July 2015 (25%). Majority were Chinese (80%), female (63%), and aged 40 years and above (51%). Most patients presented with fever (99%), body-ache (51%), gastrointestinal symptoms (51%) and headache (44%). Dengue NS1 antigen test was done in 94% of the suspected cases with 61% testing positive. The majority of the cases presenting one day to five days after onset of symptoms tested positive i.e. 59% (1 day), 90% (2 days), 54% (3-4 days) and 89% (5 days). Using dengue NS1 antigen test, positive results can be obtained as early as one day after the onset of symptoms. This test is a useful tool to aid primary care physicians detect dengue fever early.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia; Malaysia/ethnology
  19. Ibrahim N, Desa A, Kong NCT
    The current era of globalization has seen a pandemic rise in the number of patients with chronic diseases including end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This led to the study of various factors that affect patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL). One of the factors that is getting attention lately is the role of religious coping strategies and how it affects the quality of life of patients with chronic patients. Therefore, the present study examined the role of religious coping strategies (RCS) as a mediator between depression and HRQoL of ESRD patients. It was a cross sectional study, involved 274 ESRD patients who is undergoing dialysis treatment at dialysis centre in the Selangor, Kuala Lumpur and Johor. Instruments used were the Short Form-36 (SF-36), Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI II), and Religious Coping Strategies (RCS). Results showed that there were significant correlations between depression and RCS with HRQoL (Physical component summary PCS] and Mental Component Summary MCS]). Meanwhile, religious coping was a partial mediator between depression with PCS and MCS. The results of this study will facilitate health practitioners in developing appropriate interventions that take into account the role of religion to improve patient quality of life towards a more positive and effective manner.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/ethnology
  20. Ong BL
    Sains Malaysiana, 1996;25(3):13-18.
    A retrospective study of the incidence of Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis (GPC) seen in the Optometry clinic in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia from 1989 to 1994 was carried out. In the period of the 6 years, 37 contact wearers were diagnosed to have GPC. Of the 37 patients, 21 were Malays (57%), 12 were Chinese (32%) and the remaining 4 patients were Indians (11%). 18 or 48% of those with GPC were soft lens wearers, 46% of the wearers (17 patients) were rigid gas permeable lens wearers and 1 of the patients seen was a hard (PMMA) wearer (3%) and the other one was a disposable lens wearer (3%). Thirty patients were female (81%) and 7 (19%) were male. The age range of those with GPC were between 9 to 60 years old.
    Study site: Optometry clinic, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia; Malaysia/ethnology
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