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Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) expression on the nerve fibers of human dental pulp is upregulated under inflammatory condition

Bakri MM, Yahya F, Munawar KMM, Kitagawa J, Hossain MZ

Arch Oral Biol, 2018 May;89:94-98.
PMID: 29499561 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.02.011

OBJECTIVE: Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) has been considered as a mechano-, thermo- and osmo-receptor. Under inflammatory conditions in dental pulp, teeth can become sensitive upon exposure to a variety of innocuous stimuli. The objective of the present study was to investigate the expression of the TRPV4 channel on nerve fibers in human dental pulp of non-symptomatic and symptomatic teeth associated with inflammatory conditions.
DESIGN: Dental pulp from extracted human permanent teeth was processed for fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Ten asymptomatic (normal) and 10 symptomatic (symptoms associated with pulpitis) teeth were used in this study. Nerve fibers were identified by immunostaining for a marker, protein gene product 9.5, and the cells were counterstained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. An anti-TRPV4 antibody was used to trace TRPV4 expression.
RESULTS: TRPV4 expression was co-localized with the nerve fiber marker. Immunoreactivity for TRPV4 was more intense (p 

Matched MeSH terms: Immunohistochemistry
Fulltext Glypican-3 is useful but not superior to Hep Par 1 in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma from other liver tumours

Pour AM, Masir N, Rose IM

Malays J Pathol, 2016 Dec;38(3):229-233.
PMID: 28028292 MyJurnal

To assess the diagnostic utility of glypican-3 (GPC-3) in comparison to Hep Par 1 in the diagnosis of liver tumours, a cross-sectional study involving 66 resected liver tumours were tested for the protein expression of these markers by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies. Of the 66 cases, 26 (39.4%) were hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 4 (6.1%) were intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and 36 (54.5%) were metastatic tumours. Hep Par 1 and GPC-3 expressions in HCC were 24/26 (92.3%) and 19/26 (73.1%) respectively. In contrast, of non-HCC cases, only 2/40 cases (5.0%) expressed Hep Par 1, including a metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma and a metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma. GPC-3 was expressed in 3/40 cases (7.5%), i.e. a metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown origin, a metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma and an intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The sensitivity and specificity for Hep Par 1 were 92.3% and 95% respectively while that of GPC-3 was 73.1% and 92.5% respectively. GPC-3 is a useful marker in the diagnosis of HCC. However it is not superior to Hep Par 1 in its sensitivity and specificity. We recommend that it is utilized together with Hep Par 1 as a panel in the diagnosis of HCC.

Matched MeSH terms: Immunohistochemistry
Immunohistochemical expression of NANOG in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder

Md Akhir MKA, Hussin H, Veerakumarasivam A, Choy CS, Abdullah MA, Abd Ghani F

Malays J Pathol, 2017 Dec;39(3):227-234.
PMID: 29279584 MyJurnal

Urothelial carcinoma is a common malignant neoplasm that has a poor prognosis and a high frequency of recurrence and metastasis. Constant disease surveillance with periodic and long term cystoscopy examination is necessary for management of the disease. However, the monitoring and therapy regimen is expensive, incurring a massive burden to patients and the government. Therefore, the development of specific biomarkers for urothelial carcinoma at an early stage and recurrence detection becomes a priority. Homeobox genes are a family of genes that are involved in tumourigenesis. They might be potential prognostic markers for urothelial carcinoma. The study investigated the expression pattern of NANOG which is one of a homeobox gene in different stages and grades of urothelial carcinoma. NANOG expressions were also correlated with patient demographic factors and clinicopathological parameters. The expression of NANOG in 100 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded urothelial carcinoma tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry showed positive expression of NANOG in all specimens with detection in the cytoplasm, nuclei and the nuclear membrane of the cancer cells. The immunohistochemical expression of NANOG increased across stages and grades of the tumour. The expression of NANOG was not significantly associated with demographic factors; gender (p = 0.376), race (p = 0.718) and age (p = 0.058) as well as with most of the clinicopathological parameters; pathological stage (p = 0.144), grade (p = 0.625), lymph node involvement (p = 0.174) and distant metastasis (p = 0.228). However, NANOG expression showed significant correlation with tumour invasion (p = 0.019). We concluded that NANOG might be a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

Matched MeSH terms: Immunohistochemistry
Fulltext Thyroid malignancy among goitrous thyroid lesions: a review of hospital-based studies in Malaysia and Myanmar

Htwe TT

Singapore Med J, 2012 Mar;53(3):159-63.
PMID: 22434287

Endemic goitre is a major concern in many parts of the world, including Southeast Asia. Goitrous thyroid lesion is postulated as a precursor lesion to thyroid cancer (TC). This paper reviews the prevalence rates and characteristics of TC among cases of goitrous thyroid-swelling in different parts of Malaysia and Myanmar. Recorded data from hospital-based retrospective studies of thyroid cases, whose study periods ranged from three to 11 years, were analysed. These included research findings from the author's publications as well as other published review articles of retrospective analyses. The incidence of TC varies among gender, age, race/ethnicity and histological type. There appears to be a higher rate of occurrence among females aged 21-60 years. Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the more common histological type compared to follicular cancer. This review also presents a descriptive analysis and discussion on studies conducted in other countries. Further exploration is warranted in order to uncover the possible risk factors for the rising incidence of TC.

Matched MeSH terms: Immunohistochemistry
Fulltext Expression of Galectin-3 and Galectin-7 in thyroid malignancy as potential diagnostic indicators

Than TH, Swethadri GK, Wong J, Ahmad T, Jamil D, Maganlal RK, et al.

Singapore Med J, 2008 Apr;49(4):333-8.
PMID: 18418527

It has been suggested that Galectin-3 (Gal-3) and Galectin-7 (Gal-7) are potential tumour markers for differentiating thyroid carcinoma from its benign counter part. Galectins are beta-galactoside-binding proteins with Gal-3 being a redundant pre-mRNA splicing factor. They are supposed to be p53-related regulators in cell growth and apoptosis, being either anti-apoptotic or pro-apoptotic. Although the value of Gal-3 has been studied extensively, there is little knowledge regarding the expression of Gal-7 in thyroid malignancy.

Matched MeSH terms: Immunohistochemistry
Fulltext Expression of survivin and its clinicopathological correlations in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast

Al-Joudi FS, Iskandar ZA, Hasnan J, Rusli J, Kamal Y, Imran AK, et al.

Singapore Med J, 2007 Jul;48(7):607-14.
PMID: 17609820

INTRODUCTION: Survivin is a 16.5-kDa intracellular protein that inhibits apoptosis and regulates cell division, and belongs to the inhibitors of apoptosis gene family. It appears to have an important role in regulating apoptosis at the cell cycle checkpoints. Survivin has been found to have a differential distribution in cancer compared to normal tissue, as it is over-expressed in malignant tumours.
METHODS: In addition to the demographical analysis of the disease, data from 382 women with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast were collected from three hospitals in Northeast Malaysia, and analysed for survivin expression by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: Invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast was found to be the most prevalent breast cancer type. Survivin was detected in 260 (68.1 percent) study cases. In addition, significant correlations have been shown between survivin expression on one hand, and tumour size and lymph node involvement on the other hand (p-value is less than 0.05). However, no significant correlations were found with other clinicopathological factors, such as tumour histological grade, tumour side, oestrogen and progesterone receptors. Nuclear expression of survivin was detected in 16.5 percent of the study cases, cytoplasmic expression was detected in 24.1 percent, and 27.5 percent of the cases expressed survivin in both nuclear and cytoplasmic locations simultaneously. The subcellular localisation of survivin was significantly correlated (p is less than 0.001) with the lymph node involvement indicating its value in predicting the aggressiveness of tumour cells, since it increases the resistance to apoptosis and promotes cell proliferation.
CONCLUSION: This is the fi rst known report on survivin expression in cancer in West Malaysia and Southeast Asia. It emphasises the importance of the detection of survivin in breast cancer to aid in diagnosis, confirm malignancy, and to assess the disease progress and response to therapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Immunohistochemistry
Expression of interleukin-18, interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 in hepatocellular carcinoma

Chia CS, Ban K, Ithnin H, Singh H, Krishnan R, Mokhtar S, et al.

Immunol Lett, 2002 Dec 03;84(3):163-72.
PMID: 12413732

This is the first report on the detection of IL-18, IFN-gamma and IL-10 proteins in hepatocelllular carcinoma. In the apparently normal surrounding tissue, 13 out of 17 paired specimens showed positive immunoreactivity to IL-18 (76.5%) compared with six out of 17 in the tumour portion (35.3% of specimens). Thus, a significantly higher number of IL-18 positive specimens was found in the hepatocytes of apparently normal surrounding tissue compared with the tumour (P=0.018). In contrast, the number of specimens with positive immunoreactivity to the antibody against the Th1 cytokine, IFN-gamma expression in the hepatocytes was lower. Only one specimen from the apparently normal surrounding tissue (one out of 17; 5.9%) and three other specimens from the tumour portion (three out of 17; 17.6%) had positive immunoreactivity. Similarly, the expression of the Th2 cytokine, IL-10 in normal (four out of 17; 23.5%) and tumour portions (five out of 17; 29.4%) was also low. Thus, there did not appear to be predominant Th2 immune response as denoted by IL-10 expression. Using the Spearman correlation rank test, a significant correlation between IL-18 expression in the apparently normal surrounding tissue and high alpha-foetoprotein (AFP) levels of >350 IU/l. No correlation between IL-18 expression in the tumour portion and clinicopathological factors was found. There was also no correlation found between IL-18 and the other cytokines, namely, IFN-gamma and IL-10 expression These new findings provide additional information on the type of cytokines expressed in the tumour microenvironment and give a further insight into the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of cancer which is critical for the development of effective immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer therapy in the future.

Matched MeSH terms: Immunohistochemistry
Necrotizing gingivitis: a possible oral manifestation of ticlopidine-induced agranulocytosis

Rajandram RK, Ramli R, Karim F, Rahman RA, Fun LC

N Z Med J, 2007;120(1256):U2590.
PMID: 17589558

Agranulocytosis is a rare complication of ticlopidine and can be life-threatening. We report a case of ticlopidine-induced agranulocytosis and neutropenia (neutrophil count of 0.1 x 10(9)/L) with necrotizing gingivitis in a 54-year-old Malaysian-Chinese female. She was started on ticlopidine 250 mg twice daily 3 weeks prior to this hospital admission. We started her on intravenous metronidazole and amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (Augmentin) and concurrently stopped ticlopidine. A series of clinical and laboratory investigations were carried out and a final diagnosis of necrotizing gingivitis possibly secondary to agranulocytosis was made. The patient was discharged home after 2 weeks of hospitalisation.

Matched MeSH terms: Immunohistochemistry
Histomorphometric changes in the perirenal adipocytes of adrenalectomized rats treated with dexamethasone

Ahmad F, Soelaiman IN, Ramli ES, Hooi TM, Suhaimi FH

Clinics (Sao Paulo), 2011;66(5):849-53.
PMID: 21789391

INTRODUCTION: Prolonged steroid treatment administered to any patient can cause visceral obesity, which is associated with metabolic disease and Cushing's syndrome. Glucocorticoids have a profound negative effect on adipose tissue mass, giving rise to obesity, which in turn is regulated by the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme. Adrenalectomized rats treated with dexamethasone exhibited an increase in visceral fat deposition but not in body weight.
OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this study was to determine the effect of dexamethasone on the histomorphometric characteristics of perirenal adipocytes of adrenalectomized, dexamethasone-treated rats (ADR+Dexa) and the association of dexamethasone treatment with the expression and activity of 11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1).
METHODS: A total of 20 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: a baseline control group (n = 6), a sham-operated group (n = 7) and an adrenalectomized group (n=7). The adrenalectomized group was given intramuscular dexamethasone (ADR+Dexa) 2 weeks post adrenalectomy, and the rats from the sham-operated group were administered intramuscular vehicle (olive oil).
RESULTS: Treatment with 120 μg/kg intramuscular dexamethasone for 8 weeks resulted in a significant decrease in the diameter of the perirenal adipocytes (p<0.05) and a significant increase in the number of perirenal adipocytes (p<0.05). There was minimal weight gain but pronounced fat deposition in the dexamethasone-treated rats. These changes in the perirenal adipocytes were associated with high expression and dehydrogenase activity of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1.
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, dexamethasone increased the deposition of perirenal fat by hyperplasia, which causes increases in the expression and dehydrogenase activity of 11 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in adrenalectomized rats.

Matched MeSH terms: Immunohistochemistry
Fulltext Genistein-induced fluid accumulation in ovariectomised rats' uteri is associated with increased cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator expression

Chinigarzadeh A, Kassim NM, Muniandy S, Salleh N

Clinics (Sao Paulo), 2014 Feb;69(2):111-9.
PMID: 24519202 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2014(02)07

High genistein doses have been reported to induce fluid accumulation in the uteri of ovariectomised rats, although the mechanism underlying this effect remains unknown. Because genistein binds to the oestrogen receptor and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator mediates uterine fluid secretion, we hypothesised that this genistein effect involves both the oestrogen receptor and cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator.

Matched MeSH terms: Immunohistochemistry
Fulltext Expression of NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) is increased in the endometrium of women with endometrial cancer and women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Atiomo W, Shafiee MN, Chapman C, Metzler VM, Abouzeid J, Latif A, et al.

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 2017 Nov;87(5):557-565.
PMID: 28748640 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13436

OBJECTIVE: Women with a prior history of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk of endometrial cancer (EC).
AIM: To investigate whether the endometrium of women with PCOS possesses gene expression changes similar to those found in EC.
DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients with EC, PCOS and control women unaffected by either PCOS or EC were recruited into a cross-sectional study at the Nottingham University Hospital, UK. For RNA sequencing, representative individual endometrial biopsies were obtained from women with EC, PCOS and a woman unaffected by PCOS or EC. Expression of a subset of differentially expressed genes identified by RNA sequencing, including NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), was validated by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR validation (n = 76) and in the cancer genome atlas UCEC (uterine corpus endometrioid carcinoma) RNA sequencing data set (n = 381). The expression of NQO1 was validated by immunohistochemistry in EC samples from a separate cohort (n = 91) comprised of consecutive patients who underwent hysterectomy at St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, between 2011 and 2013. A further 6 postmenopausal women with histologically normal endometrium who underwent hysterectomy for genital prolapse were also included. Informed consent and local ethics approval were obtained for the study.
RESULTS: We show for the first that NQO1 expression is significantly increased in the endometrium of women with PCOS and EC. Immunohistochemistry confirms significantly increased NQO1 protein expression in EC relative to nonmalignant endometrial tissue (P

Matched MeSH terms: Immunohistochemistry
Fulltext Long-term xeno-free culture of human pluripotent stem cells on hydrogels with optimal elasticity

Higuchi A, Kao SH, Ling QD, Chen YM, Li HF, Alarfaj AA, et al.

Sci Rep, 2015 Dec 14;5:18136.
PMID: 26656754 DOI: 10.1038/srep18136

The tentative clinical application of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), such as human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells, is restricted by the possibility of xenogenic contamination resulting from the use of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) as a feeder layer. Therefore, we investigated hPSC cultures on biomaterials with different elasticities that were grafted with different nanosegments. We prepared dishes coated with polyvinylalcohol-co-itaconic acid hydrogels grafted with an oligopeptide derived from vitronectin (KGGPQVTRGDVFTMP) with elasticities ranging from 10.3 to 30.4 kPa storage moduli by controlling the crosslinking time. The hPSCs cultured on the stiffest substrates (30.4 kPa) tended to differentiate after five days of culture, whereas the hPSCs cultured on the optimal elastic substrates (25 kPa) maintained their pluripotency for over 20 passages under xeno-free conditions. These results indicate that cell culture matrices with optimal elasticity can maintain the pluripotency of hPSCs in culture.

Matched MeSH terms: Immunohistochemistry
Fulltext Differential expression of stem cell-like proteins in normal, hyperplastic and dysplastic oral epithelium

Barakat SM, Siar CH

J Appl Oral Sci, 2015 Jan-Feb;23(1):79-86.
PMID: 25760270 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720140245

The identification of stem cells (SC) remains challenging. In the human oral mucosal epithelium, these cells are believed to be in the basal layer (stem cell niche), but their exact location is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the dysplastic oral epithelium for these SC-like proteins in order to assess their diagnostic value as biomarkers complementing the histological grading of dysplasia.

Matched MeSH terms: Immunohistochemistry
Overexpression of S100A4 as a biomarker of metastasis and recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Natarajan J, Hunter K, Mutalik VS, Radhakrishnan R

J Appl Oral Sci, 2014 12 4;22(5):426-33.
PMID: 25466476

S100A4, a biomarker of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), plays an important role in invasion and metastasis by promoting cancer cell motility. In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), metastasis results in 90% of cancer associated mortality.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of S100A4 expression as an important component of the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) program in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: S100A4 protein expression was assessed semi-quantitatively by immunohistochemistry in 47 histologically confirmed cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and 10 normal oral mucosal biopsies. The association between the S100A4 overexpression and the aggressive features of OSCC were analyzed by X2 test.
RESULTS: Moderate to strong cytoplasmic expression of S100A4 was observed in 30 out of 47 specimens of OSCC (64%). Overexpression of S100A4 was significantly associated with the clinical stage, lymph node involvement, metastases, pattern of invasion and recurrence (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: S100A4 expression represents an important biomarker of prognostic significance that may be used to identify a subset of patients at high risk of invasion and metast.

Matched MeSH terms: Immunohistochemistry
Tissue microarray immunohistochemical profiles of p53 and pRB in hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma

Azlin AH, Looi LM, Cheah PL

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2014;15(9):3959-63.
PMID: 24935581

The tumour suppressor genes, p53 and pRb, are known to play important roles in neoplastic transformation. While molecular routes to the uncontrolled growth of hepatocytes, leading to primary liver cancer have generated considerable interest, the roles of p53 and pRb mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatoblastoma (HB) remain to be clarified. We examined the immunohistochemical expression of p53 and pRb gene products in 26 HCC and 9 HB, sampled into tissue microarray blocks. 10 (38%) of 26 HCC showed > 10% tumour nuclear staining for p53 protein, 3 of these also being HbsAg positive. Conversely, none of 9 HB expressed nuclear p53 immunopositivity. Some 24 (92%) HCC and 8 (89%) HB showed loss of pRb nuclear expression. Two of the 26 HCC and one of the 9 HB showed >10% tumour nuclear staining for pRb protein. Our results suggest that p53 does not have an important role in the development of HB but may contribute in HCC. There is also loss of pRb expression in the majority of HCC and HB, supporting loss of pRb gene function in the hepatocarcinogenesis pathway. However, a comparison of the staining profiles of p53 and pRb proteins in HCC and HB did not reveal a consistent pattern to differentiate between the two types of tumours immunohistochemically. Hence the use of p53 and pRB protein expression has no contribution in the situation where there is a diagnostic difficulty in deciding between HCC and HB.

Matched MeSH terms: Immunohistochemistry
Fulltext Estrogen receptor modulatory effects of germinated brown rice bioactives in the uterus of rats through the regulation of estrogen-induced genes

Muhammad SI, Maznah I, Mahmud RB, Saeed MI, Imam MU, Ishaka A

Drug Des Devel Ther, 2013;7:1409-20.
PMID: 24324328 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S50861

The expression of genes regulated by estrogen in the uterus was studied in ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated with germinated brown rice (GBR) bioactives, and compared to Remifemin or estrogen at different doses to identify the regulation of these genes in the uterus and their molecular mechanisms.

Matched MeSH terms: Immunohistochemistry
Fulltext In-vivo functional study on the involvement of CFTR, SLC26A6, NHE-1 and CA isoenzymes II and XII in uterine fluid pH, volume and electrolyte regulation in rats under different sex-steroid influence

Gholami K, Muniandy S, Salleh N

Int J Med Sci, 2013;10(9):1121-34.
PMID: 23869188 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5918

Precise control of uterine fluid pH, volume and electrolytes is important for the reproductive processes. In this study, we examined the functional involvement of multiple proteins including Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR), Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchanger (SLC26A6), sodium-hydrogen exchanger-1 (NHE-1) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the regulation of these uterine fluid parameters.

Matched MeSH terms: Immunohistochemistry
Fulltext Pattern of hMLH1, hMSH2 and hMSH6 expression and clinical characteristics in a sample of Malaysian colorectal carcinoma cases

Khoo JJ, Gunn A, Peh SC

Malays J Pathol, 2013 Jun;35(1):45-57.
PMID: 23817394 MyJurnal

Malignant transformation from normal colonic mucosa to carcinomas may be accelerated by genetic loss or inactivation of genes of the DNA mismatch repair system. The aim of the study was to determine the local incidence and pattern of immunohistochemical expression of mismatch repair proteins namely: hMLH1, hMSH2 and hMSH6 in a series of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) and correlate this to their clinical and pathological features. Forty-three out of 298 cases of CRCs (14.4%) showed abnormal staining pattern for mismatch repair proteins with a majority (65.1%) showing single hMLH1 loss. Tumours with mismatch repair defect (MMR-d) were frequently found at the right side of colon (p<0.001), poorly differentiated carcinomas (p<0.001), produced more mucin (p=0.007), exophytic growth (p=0.007) and were bigger (p=0.002) than tumours with no mismatch repair defect. Immunohistochemical stains for mismatch repair proteins could be done in local laboratories on these selected cases before referring for the expensive molecular test.

Matched MeSH terms: Immunohistochemistry
A giant mastoid cholesteatoma with posterior cranial extension causing mass effect and obstructive hydrocephalus

Sabir BI, Rahmat K, Bux SI, Rajagopal NS, Looi LM, Sia SF

Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 2013 Oct;115(10):2192-6.
PMID: 23791432 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2013.05.023
Matched MeSH terms: Immunohistochemistry
Aberrant proteins in the saliva of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

Jessie K, Jayapalan JJ, Ong KC, Abdul Rahim ZH, Zain RM, Wong KT, et al.

Electrophoresis, 2013 Sep;34(17):2495-502.
PMID: 23784731 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300107

Confirmation of oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC) currently relies on histological analysis, which does not provide clear indication of cancer development from precancerous lesions. In the present study, whole saliva proteins of patients with OSCC (n = 12) and healthy subjects (n = 12) were separated by 2DE to identify potential candidate biomarkers that are much needed to improve detection of the cancer. The OSCC patients' 2DE saliva protein profiles appeared unique and different from those obtained from the healthy subjects. The patients' saliva α1-antitrypsin (AAT) and haptoglobin (HAP) β chains were resolved into polypeptide spots with increased microheterogeneity, although these were not apparent in their sera. Their 2DE protein profiles also showed presence of hemopexin and α-1B glycoprotein, which were not detected in the profiles of the control saliva. When subjected to densitometry analysis, significant altered levels of AAT, complement C3, transferrin, transthyretin, and β chains of fibrinogen and HAP were detected. The increased levels of saliva AAT, HAP, complement C3, hemopexin, and transthyretin in the OSCC patients were validated by ELISA. The strong association of AAT and HAP with OSCC was further supported by immunohistochemical staining of cancer tissues. The differently expressed saliva proteins may be useful complementary biomarkers for the early detection and/or monitoring of OSCC, although this requires validation in clinically representative populations.

Matched MeSH terms: Immunohistochemistry

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