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Fulltext The Effects of Various Concentrations of NaOH on the Inter-Particle Gelation of a Fly Ash Geopolymer Aggregate

Abdullah A, Hussin K, Abdullah MMAB, Yahya Z, Sochacki W, Razak RA, et al.

Materials (Basel), 2021 Feb 27;14(5).
PMID: 33673522 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051111

Aggregates can be categorized into natural and artificial aggregates. Preserving natural resources is crucial to ensuring the constant supply of natural aggregates. In order to preserve these natural resources, the production of artificial aggregates is beginning to gain the attention of researchers worldwide. One of the methods involves using geopolymer technology. On this basis, this current research focuses on the inter-particle effect on the properties of fly ash geopolymer aggregates with different molarities of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The effects of synthesis parameters (6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 M) on the mechanical and microstructural properties of the fly ash geopolymer aggregate were studied. The fly ash geopolymer aggregate was palletized manually by using a hand to form a sphere-shaped aggregate where the ratio of NaOH/Na2SiO3 used was constant at 2.5. The results indicated that the NaOH molarity has a significant effect on the impact strength of a fly ash geopolymer aggregate. The highest aggregate impact value (AIV) was obtained for samples with 6 M NaOH molarity (26.95%), indicating the lowest strength among other molarities studied and the lowest density of 2150 kg/m3. The low concentration of sodium hydroxide in the alkali activator solution resulted in the dissolution of fly ash being limited; thus, the inter-particle volume cannot be fully filled by the precipitated gels.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Hydroxide
Fulltext Evaluation of the Estimation Capability of Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network for the Optimization of Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances Production by Lactococcus lactis Gh1

Jawan R, Abbasiliasi S, Tan JS, Kapri MR, Mustafa S, Halim M, et al.

Microorganisms, 2021 Mar 12;9(3).
PMID: 33809201 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030579

Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) produced by Lactococcus lactis Gh1 had shown antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313. Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth is used for the cultivation and enumeration of lactic acid bacteria, but there is a need to improve the current medium composition for enhancement of BLIS production, and one of the approaches is to model the optimization process and identify the most appropriate medium formulation. Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) models were employed in this study. In medium optimization, ANN (R2 = 0.98) methodology provided better estimation point and data fitting as compared to RSM (R2 = 0.79). In ANN, the optimal medium consisted of 35.38 g/L soytone, 16 g/L fructose, 3.25 g/L sodium chloride (NaCl) and 5.40 g/L disodium phosphate (Na2HPO4). BLIS production in optimal medium (717.13 ± 0.76 AU/mL) was about 1.40-fold higher than that obtained in nonoptimised (520.56 ± 3.37 AU/mL) medium. BLIS production was further improved by about 1.18 times higher in 2 L stirred tank bioreactor (787.40 ± 1.30 AU/mL) as compared to that obtained in 250 mL shake flask (665.28 ± 14.22 AU/mL) using the optimised medium.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride
Fulltext Improved salt tolerance of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. contributed by Pseudomonas sp. strain M30-35

Cai D, Xu Y, Zhao F, Zhang Y, Duan H, Guo X

PeerJ, 2021;9:e10702.
PMID: 33520465 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10702

Background: Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can promote plant growth and enhance plant tolerance to salt stress. Pseudomonas sp. strain M30-35 might confer abiotic stress tolerance to its host plants. We evaluated the effects of M30-35 inoculation on the growth and metabolite accumulation of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. during salt stress growth conditions.
Methods: The effects of M30-35 on the growth of C. quinoa seedlings were tested under salt stress. Seedling growth parameters measured included chlorophyll content, root activity, levels of plant- phosphorus (P), and saponin content.
Results: M30-35 increased biomass production and root activity compared to non-inoculated plants fertilized with rhizobia and plants grown under severe salt stress conditions. The photosynthetic pigment content of chlorophyll a and b were higher in M30-35-inoculated C. quinoa seedlings under high salt stress conditions compared to non-inoculated seedlings. The stability of P content was also maintained. The content of saponin, an important secondary metabolite in C. quinoa, was increased by the inoculation of M30-35 under 300 mM NaCl conditions.
Conclusion: Inoculation of M30-35 rescues the growth diminution of C. quinoa seedlings under salt stress.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride
Fulltext Non-pharmacological management of hypertension

Verma N, Rastogi S, Chia YC, Siddique S, Turana Y, Cheng HM, et al.

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2021 Jul;23(7):1275-1283.
PMID: 33738923 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14236

Hypertension is an insidious disease which predisposes to cardiovascular complications and if not treated properly can lead to various serious complications. Economic limitations, having additional benefits with few or almost no side effects have made non-pharmacological management of hypertension an attractive approach for dealing with hypertension, in developed and developing countries alike. A MEDLINE search was done for relevant references with emphasis on original studies, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analyses for this review paper. Lifestyle modifications including changes in the dietary pattern, adopting special diets with low sodium, saturated fat and high calcium, magnesium and potassium and trying the new methods like time restricted meal intake which work in tandem with the circadian rhythm are opening new vistas in the field of non-pharmacological management of hypertension. Lifestyle modifications that effectively lower blood pressure are increased physical activity, weight loss, limited alcohol consumption, relaxation techniques of Yoga, Acupuncture, Tai chi, mindfulness-based stress-reduction program, and Transcendental Meditation. Air pollution of the surrounding air is linked with poor health outcomes and is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Fine particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) is strongly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Short-term PM exposure (hours to weeks) increases the likelihood of adverse cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure, and longer-term exposure multiplies that risk. Non-pharmacological methods should be initiated early phase of disease and should be continued with medication.

Matched MeSH terms: Diet, Sodium-Restricted
Porous carboxymethyl cellulose carbon of lignocellulosic based materials incorporated manganese oxide for supercapacitor application

Ali MSM, Zainal Z, Hussein MZ, Wahid MH, Bahrudin NN, Muzakir MM, et al.

Int J Biol Macromol, 2021 Jun 01;180:654-666.
PMID: 33722623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.054

The present work developed porous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) carbon film from lignocellulosic based materials as supercapacitor electrode. Porous CMC carbon films of bamboo (B) and oil palm empty fruit bunch (O) were prepared through simple incipient wetness impregnation method followed by calcination process before incorporation with manganese oxide (Mn2O3). The carbonization produced porous CMC carbon whereby CMCB exhibited higher surface area than CMCO. After Mn2O3 incorporation, the crystallite size of CMCB and CMCO were calculated as 50.09 nm and 42.76 nm, respectively whereas Mn2O3/CMCB and Mn2O3/CMCO composite films were revealed to be 26.71 nm and 35.60 nm in size, respectively. Comparatively, the Mn2O3/CMCB composite film exhibited higher electrochemical performance which was 31.98 mF cm-2 as compared to 24.15 mF cm-2 by Mn2O3/CMCO composite film and both CMC carbon films with fairly stable cycling stability after 1000 charge-discharge cycles. Therefore, it can be highlighted that Mn2O3/CMC composite film as prepared from bamboo and oil palm fruit can potentially become the new electrode materials for supercapacitor application.

Matched MeSH terms: Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium
Metal-complexed covalent organic frameworks derived N-doped carbon nanobubble-embedded cobalt nanoparticle as a magnetic and efficient catalyst for oxone activation

Nguyen HT, Lee J, Kwon E, Lisak G, Thanh BX, Oh WD, et al.

J Colloid Interface Sci, 2021 Jun;591:161-172.
PMID: 33601102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.01.108

While Cobalt nanoparticles (Co NPs) are useful for catalytic Oxone activation, it is more advantageous to embed/immobilize Co NPs on nitrogen-doped carbon substrates to provide synergy for enhancing catalytic performance. Herein, this study proposes to fabricate such a composite by utilizing covalent organic frameworks (COF) as a precursor. Through complexation of COF with Co, a stable product of Co-complexed COF (Co-COF) can be synthesized. This Co-COF is further converted through pyrolysis to N-doped carbon in which cobaltic NPs are embedded. Owing to its well-defined structures of Co-COF, the pyrolysis process transforms COF into N-doped carbon with a bubble-like morphology. Such Co NP-embedded N-doped carbon nanobubbles (CoCNB) with pores, magnetism and Co, shall be a promising catalyst. Thus, CoCNB shows a much stronger catalytic activity than commercial Co3O4 NPs to activate Oxone to degrade toxic Amaranth dye (AMD). CoCNB-activated Oxone also achieves a significantly lower Ea value of AMD degradation (i.e., 27.9 kJ/mol) than reported Ea values in previous literatures. Besides, CoCNB is still effective for complete elimination of AMD in the presence of high-concentration NaCl and surfactants, and CoCNB is also reusable over five consecutive cycles.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride
Fulltext Comparison of Foam Glass-Ceramics with Different Composition Derived from Ark Clamshell (ACS) and Soda Lime Silica (SLS) Glass Bottles Sintered at Various Temperatures

Hisham NAN, Zaid MHM, Aziz SHA, Muhammad FD

Materials (Basel), 2021 Jan 26;14(3).
PMID: 33530370 DOI: 10.3390/ma14030570

Soda lime silica (SLS) waste as the source of silica (SiO2) and ark clamshell (ACS) as the foaming agent has been utilized to fabricate the low-cost and lightweight foam glass-ceramics. A series of 1 and 6 wt% foam glass-ceramics were successfully prepared by the conventional solid-state sintering method at various sintering temperatures for 60 min. The bulk density of the samples has achieved minimum density (1.014 g/cm3) with maximum expansion (62.31%) at 6 wt% of the ACS content sintered at 800 °C for 60 min. The bulk density increases while the linear shrinkage and total porosity decrease with the progression of ACS contents and sintering temperature, where the results correspond with the FESEM micrograph. The result of XRD and FTIR transmittance spectra have shown that the formation of wollastonite crystal has occurred starting at 6 wt% of the ACS content sintered at 800 °C for 30 min. The highest mechanical performance (3.90 MPa) with an average total porosity (8.04%) is observed for the sample containing 1 wt% of ACS. It can be concluded that the composition of foam glass-ceramics (1 and 6 wt%) and sintering temperatures give significant results to the structural, physical, and mechanical properties of the fabricated foam glass-ceramics.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Hydroxide
Fulltext Ultrasonication-mediated nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes involving carboxy methylcellulose composite for solid-state supercapacitor applications

Basivi PK, Ramesh S, Kakani V, Yadav HM, Bathula C, Afsar N, et al.

Sci Rep, 2021 May 10;11(1):9918.
PMID: 33972653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89430-x

In this study, a novel nanohybrid composite containing nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes/carboxymethylcellulose (N-MWCNT/CMC) was synthesized for supercapacitor applications. The synthesized composite materials were subjected to an ultrasonication-mediated solvothermal hydrothermal reaction. The synthesized nanohybrid composite electrode material was characterized using analytical methods to confirm its structure and morphology. The electrochemical properties of the composite electrode were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) using a 3 M KOH electrolyte. The fabricated composite material exhibited unique electrochemical properties by delivering a maximum specific capacitance of approximately 274 F g-1 at a current density of 2 A g-1. The composite electrode displayed high cycling stability of 96% after 4000 cycles at 2 A g-1, indicating that it is favorable for supercapacitor applications.

Matched MeSH terms: Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium
Fulltext Risk factors related with high sodium intake among Malaysian adults: findings from the Malaysian Community Salt Survey (MyCoSS) 2017-2018

Abdul Aziz NS, Ambak R, Othman F, He FJ, Yusof M, Paiwai F, et al.

J Health Popul Nutr, 2021 05 31;40(Suppl 1):14.
PMID: 34059146 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-021-00233-2

BACKGROUND: High sodium intake was an established risk factor for stroke and cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate factors associated with high sodium intake based on 24-h urinary sodium excretion from the MyCoSS study.
METHODS: The cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults aged 18 years and above in Malaysia. A multi-stage stratified sampling was used to represent nationally. Twenty-four-hour urine was collected from a total of 900 respondents. Indirect ion-selective electrode (ISE) method was used to measure sodium intake. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis was applied to determine factors associated with high sodium intake based on 24-h urinary sodium excretion.
RESULTS: A total of 798 respondents (76% response rate) completed the 24-h urine collection process. Logistic regression revealed that high sodium intake associated with obese [aOR 2.611 (95% CI 1.519, 4.488)], male [aOR 2.436 (95% CI 1.473, 4.030)], having a waist circumference of > 90cm for adult males [aOR 2.260 ( 95% CI 1.020, 5.009) and >80cm for adult females [aOR 1.210 (95% CI 0.556, 2.631)], being a young adult [aOR 1.977 (95% CI 1.094, 3.574)], and living in urban areas [aOR 1.701 (95% CI 1.094, 2.645)].
CONCLUSION: Adults who are obese, have a large waist circumference, of male gender, living in urban areas, and belonging to the young adult age group were found to have higher sodium intake than other demographic groups. Hence, reduction of salt consumption among these high-risk groups should be emphasised to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride, Dietary
Fulltext PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM WASTE COOKING OIL USING BENTONITE CATALYSTS

Noraini Hamzah, Izyan Yusof, Sabiha Hanim Saleh, Nazrizawati Ahmad Tajuddin, Mohd Lokman Ibrahim, Wan Zurina Samad

Journal of Academia Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, 2021;9(1):139-144.
MyJurnal

Demand for diesel continues to increase due to rapid population growth, which could contribute to fossil fuel exhaustion. Biodiesel has been widely developed as a replacement for conventional diesel to resolve the issue. Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO) was carried out via the transesterification process using two types of bentonite catalysts, which are raw bentonite and NaOH/bentonite. By using the impregnation method, the NaOH/bentonite catalyst was synthesized at 60°C for 12 hours. The transesterification was conducted with 0.5wt% of catalyst, at 15:1 (methanol- to-oil), for 2 hours at different reaction temperatures. The characterization of both raw bentonite and NaOH/bentonite was done using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer, Emmett, Teller (BET) surface characterization. A high yield of FAMEs (72%) was found to be obtained in continuous stirring at 55ºC for 2 hours and 15:1 methanol/oil molar ratio with 0.5wt.% (0.15g) of NaOH/bentonite catalyst.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Hydroxide
Fulltext Morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes of Chili (Capsicum annum L.) genotypes grown under varying salinity levels

Butt M, Sattar A, Abbas T, Hussain R, Ijaz M, Sher A, et al.

PLoS One, 2021;16(11):e0257893.
PMID: 34735478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257893

Climate change is causing soil salinization, resulting in huge crop losses throughout the world. Multiple physiological and biochemical pathways determine the ability of plants to tolerate salt stress. Chili (Capsicum annum L.) is a salt-susceptible crop; therefore, its growth and yield is negatively impacted by salinity. Irreversible damage at cell level and photo inhibition due to high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and less CO2 availability caused by water stress is directly linked with salinity. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the impact of five NaCl salinity levels, i.e., 0,1.5, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 dS m-1 on growth, biochemical attributes and yield of two chili genotypes ('Plahi' and 'A-120'). Salinity stress significantly reduced fresh and dry weight, relative water contents, water use efficiency, leaf osmotic potential, glycine betaine (GB) contents, photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (Ci), and chlorophyll contents of tested genotypes. Salinity stress significantly enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and activities of the enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). In addition, increasing salinity levels significantly reduced the tissue phosphorus and potassium concentrations, while enhanced the tissue sodium and chloride concentrations. Genotype 'Plahi' had better growth and biochemical attributes compared to 'A-120'. Therefore, 'Plahi' is recommended for saline areas to improve chili production.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium/metabolism; Sodium Chloride/adverse effects
Analysis of Condition Index in Polymesoda expansa (Mousson 1849)

Abdul Rahim A, Idris MH, Kamal AH, Wong SK, Arshad A

Pak J Biol Sci, 2012 Jul 01;15(13):629-34.
PMID: 24218932

The Condition Index (CI) is a method to measure overall health of fish and that has been applied to estimate the effect that different environmental factors have on clam meat quality. The CI of local mangrove clam Polymesoda expansa in Kelulit, Miri Sarawak was determined from October 2010 to November 2011. Condition index that is generally used to characterize the physiological activity of organisms, varied from 1.8% in December 2010 to 3.4% in October 2011, with low values observed during the spawning period. The clam attained their best condition in quality of flesh weight during July-October. In present study, the CI showed a clear relationship with the reproductive cycle of P. expansa. However, no significant correlation (p > 0.05) was found between CI and the different physicochemical parameter of seawater. The data presented is necessary for developing sustainable management strategies and broodstock selection for the species which is crucial in aquaculture development.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride
Umami taste components and their sources in Asian foods

Hajeb P, Jinap S

Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2015;55(6):778-91.
PMID: 24915349 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.678422

Umami, the fifth basic taste, is the inimitable taste of Asian foods. Several traditional and locally prepared foods and condiments of Asia are rich in umami. In this part of world, umami is found in fermented animal-based products such as fermented and dried seafood, and plant-based products from beans and grains, dry and fresh mushrooms, and tea. In Southeast Asia, the most preferred seasonings containing umami are fish and seafood sauces, and also soybean sauces. In the East Asian region, soybean sauces are the main source of umami substance in the routine cooking. In Japan, the material used to obtain umami in dashi, the stock added to almost every Japanese soups and boiled dishes, is konbu or dried bonito. This review introduces foods and seasonings containing naturally high amount of umami substances of both animal and plant sources from different countries in Asia.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride, Dietary
Thermoluminescence properties of the Cu-doped lithium potassium borate glass

Aboud H, Wagiran H, Hussin R, Ali H, Alajerami Y, Saeed MA

Appl Radiat Isot, 2014 Aug;90:35-9.
PMID: 24681645 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.01.012

Characteristics of lithium potassium borate glasses with various copper concentrations are reported. The glasses were prepared by the melt quenching method and irradiated with photons to doses in the 0.5-4.0 Gy range. Glowing curves, dose response curves, reproducibility of the response, dose threshold, thermal fading and optical bleaching were studied.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Compounds
Recovering obliterated engraved marks on aluminium surfaces by etching technique

Baharum MI, Kuppuswamy R, Rahman AA

Forensic Sci Int, 2008 May 20;177(2-3):221-7.
PMID: 18313246 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.01.004

A study has been made of the characteristics of restoration of obliterated engraved marks on aluminium surfaces by etching technique. By etching different reagents on 0.61mm thick sheets of aluminium (99wt%) on which some engraved marks had been erased to different depths it was found that the reagent 60% hydrochloric acid and 40% sodium hydroxide on alternate swabbing on the surfaces was found to be the most sensitive one for these metal surfaces. This reagent was able to restore marks in the above plates erased down to 0.04mm below the bottom of the engraving. The marks also presented excellent contrast with the background. This reagent was further experimented with similar aluminium surfaces, but of relatively greater thickness of 1.5mm. It was noticed that the recovery depth increased slightly to 0.06mm; this suggested the dependence of recovery depth on the thickness of the sheet metal. Further, the depth of restoration decreased in cases where the original number was erased and over which a new number was engraved; the latter results are similar to those of steel surfaces reported earlier [M.A.M. Zaili, R. Kuppuswamy, H. Harun, Restoration of engraved marks on steel surfaces by etching technique, Forensic Sci. Int. 171 (2007) 27-32].

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Hydroxide
Gneyulins A and B, stilbene trimers, and noidesols A and B, dihydroflavonol-C-glucosides, from the bark of Gnetum gnemonoides

Shimokawa Y, Akao Y, Hirasawa Y, Awang K, Hadi AH, Sato S, et al.

J Nat Prod, 2010 Apr 23;73(4):763-7.
PMID: 20192242 DOI: 10.1021/np9007987

Gneyulins A (1) and B (2), two new stilbene trimers consisting of oxyresveratrol constituent units, and noidesols A (3) and B (4), two new dihydroflavonol-C-glucosides, were isolated from the bark of Gnetum gnemonoides. The structures and configurations of 1-4 were elucidated on the basis of 2D NMR correlations and X-ray analysis. Gneyulins A (1) and B (2) showed inhibition of Na(+)-glucose transporters (SGLT-1 and SGLT-2).

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1/antagonists & inhibitors; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2/antagonists & inhibitors
A school-based fluoride mouth rinsing programme in Sarawak: a 3-year field study

Chen CJ, Ling KS, Esa R, Chia JC, Eddy A, Yaw SL

Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 2010 Aug;38(4):310-4.
PMID: 20560998 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00529.x

This study was undertaken to assess the impact of fluoride mouth rinsing on caries experience in a cohort of schoolchildren 3 years after implementation.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Fluoride/administration & dosage; Sodium Fluoride/analysis; Sodium Fluoride/therapeutic use*
Hazardous waste management (Buxus papillosa) investment for the prosperity of environment and circular economy: Response surface methodology-based simulation

Faiz I, Ahmad M, Ramadan MF, Zia U, Rozina, Bokhari A, et al.

J Environ Manage, 2024 Jan 15;350:119567.
PMID: 38007927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119567

Dealing with the current defaults of environmental toxicity, heating, waste management, and economic crises, exploration of novel non-edible, toxic, and waste feedstock for renewable biodiesel synthesis is the need of the hour. The present study is concerned with Buxus papillosa with seeds oil concentration (45% w/w), a promising biodiesel feedstock encountering environmental defaults and waste management; in addition, this research performed simulation based-response surface methodology (RSM) for Buxus papillosa bio-diesel. Synthesis and application of novel Phyto-nanocatalyst bimetallic oxide with Buxus papillosa fruit capsule aqueous extract was advantageous during transesterification. Characterization of sodium/potassium oxide Phyto-nanocatalyst confirmed 23.5 nm nano-size and enhanced catalytic activity. Other characterizing tools are FTIR, DRS, XRD, Zeta potential, SEM, and EDX. Methyl ester formation was authenticated by FTIR, GC-MS, and NMR. A maximum 97% yield was obtained at optimized conditions i.e., methanol ratio to oil (8:1), catalyst amount (0.37 wt%), reaction duration (180 min), and temperature of 80 °C. The reusability of novel sodium/potassium oxide was checked for six reactions. Buxus papillosa fuel properties were within the international restrictions of fuel. The sulphur content of 0.00090% signified the environmental remedial nature of Buxus papillosa methyl esters and it is a highly recommendable species for biodiesel production at large scale due to a t huge number of seeds production and vast distribution.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium
Is Using Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors to Treat Adults with Chronic Heart Failure Cost-Effective? A Systematic Review of Cost-Effectiveness Studies

Tan YJ, Ong SC, Kan YM

Appl Health Econ Health Policy, 2023 Nov;21(6):857-875.
PMID: 37646915 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-023-00825-5

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to summarise the outcomes of economic evaluations that evaluated sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in combination with standard of care compared to standard of care alone for patients with chronic heart failure.
METHODS: This systematic review searched MEDLINE, CINAHL+, Econlit, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database and the Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry from inception to 31 December, 2022, for relevant economic evaluations, which were critically appraised using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) and Bias in Economic Evaluation (ECOBIAS) criteria. The costs, quality-adjusted life-years, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios and cost-effectiveness thresholds were qualitatively analysed. Net monetary benefits at different decision thresholds were also computed. Subgroup analyses addressing the heterogeneity of economic outcomes were conducted. All costs were adjusted to 2023 international dollar (US$) values using the CCEMG-EPPI-Centre cost converter.
RESULTS: Thirty-nine economic evaluations that evaluated dapagliflozin and empagliflozin in patients with heart failure were found: 32 for the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 40% and seven for LVEF > 40%. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors were cost-effective in all but two economic evaluations for LVEF > 40%. Economic outcomes varied widely, but favoured SGLT2i use in LVEF ≤ 40% over LVEF > 40% and upper-middle income over high-income countries. At a threshold of US$30,000/quality-adjusted life-year, ~ 90% of high to upper-middle income countries would consider SGLT2i cost-effective for heart failure treatment. The generalisability of study findings to low- and low-middle income countries is limited because of insufficient evidence.
CONCLUSIONS: Using SGLT2i to treat heart failure is cost-effective, with more certainty in LVEF ≤ 40% compared to LVEF > 40%. Policymakers in jurisdictions where economic evaluations are not available could potentially use this study's findings to make informed decisions about treatment adoption.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: This study protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42023388701).

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium
Recovery of kraft lignin from pulping wastewater via emulsion liquid membrane process

Ooi ZY, Harruddin N, Othman N

Biotechnol Prog, 2015 Sep-Oct;31(5):1305-14.
PMID: 26101101 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2129

Kraft lignin (KL) is a renewable source of many valuable intermediate biochemical products currently derived from petroleum. An excessive of lignin comes from pulping wastewater caused an adverse pollution problems hence affecting human and aquatic life. A comprehensive study pertaining to emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) extraction of lignin from pulping wastewater was presented. ELM formulation contains Aliquat 336 as carrier, kerosene as diluent, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 ) as stripping agent and Span 80 as surfactant. The emulsion stability was investigated at different surfactant concentrations, homogenizer speed and emulsification time. Modifier (2-ethyl-1-hexanol) was added to avoid segregation of third phase while improving the emulsion stability. At optimum conditions, 95% and 56% of lignin were extracted and recovered, respectively at 10 min of extraction time, 0.007 M of Aliquat 336, 0.1 M of NaHCO3 and 1:5 of treat ratio. Additional of modifier was contributed to highest recovery up to 98%. The ELM process was found to be equally feasible and quite effective in the recovery of KL from real pulping wastewater. Therefore, ELM process provides a promising alternative technology to recover KL from pulping wastewater while solving the environmental problems simultaneously.

Matched MeSH terms: Sodium Bicarbonate

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