Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 88 in total

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  1. Fulltext The antioxidant activities, cytotoxic properties, and identification of water-soluble compounds of Ficus deltoidea leaves
    Abrahim NN, Abdul-Rahman PS, Aminudin N
    PeerJ, 2018;6:e5694.
    PMID: 30324012 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5694
    Leaves from three varieties of Ficus deltoidea, colloquially termed small- (FDS), medium- (FDM), and big-type leaf (FDB), were subjected to water extraction. The crude extracts were fractionated using water (WF) and ethyl acetate (EAF). The phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity of the fractions were investigated. The EAF had the highest phenolic and flavonoid content compared to the other FDS fractions. Conversely, the FDM crude extract had the highest phenolic and flavonoid content compared to the other FDM samples. Antioxidant activity was highest in the FDB crude extract. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography showed that two compounds, vitexin and coumaric acid, were present in the FDB crude extract. Additionally, the F. deltoidea leaves caused no signs of toxicity in a normal liver cell line. Our findings show that F. deltoidea varieties have excellent antioxidant activity with no cytotoxic effects on normal liver cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ficus
  2. Ficus carica and bone health: a systematic review
    Ruszymah Idrus, Nur Qisya Afifah Veronica Sainik, Ayu Suraya Ansari, Rabiatul Adawiyah Razali, Abid Nordin, Aminuddin Saim, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:2741-2755.
    Ficus carica, a native plant to the Middle East and Western Asia, is of high value in folk medicine. The therapeutic potential
    of Ficus carica has led to the extensive studies in recent years, focusing on evaluating and validating its pharmacological
    effect. The present systematic review summarizes the effectiveness of Ficus carica on promoting bone health focusing on
    osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis via mineral contents and RANKL pathway. The search was done with Medline via
    Ebscohost, Scopus and Google Scholar databases to obtain relevant articles published between 1946 and December
    2016. The main inclusion criteria were research articles published in English that reported effect of Ficus carica on
    bone health. The literature search returned 716 potentially relevant articles, whereby 5 met the inclusion criteria. This
    systematic review concludes Ficus carica plays an important role in the promotion of bone health and can be a potential
    pharmaceutical product in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ficus
  3. Fulltext Inhibitory Activity of Ficus deltoidea var. trengganuensis Aqueous Extract on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced TNF-α Production from Microglia
    Wang H, Vidyadaran S, Mohd Moklas MA, Baharuldin MTH
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2017;2017:2623163.
    PMID: 29358962 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2623163
    Objective: To explore the effect of Ficus deltoidea (FD) aqueous extracts on the release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), the expression of CD40, and the morphology of microglial cells in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) activated BV2 cells.

    Methods: The cytotoxicity of FD extract was assessed by MTS solution. BV2 cells were divided into 5 experimental groups, intervened, respectively, by FD (4 mg/mL) and LPS + FD (0, 1, 2, and 4 mg/mL). Besides, a blank control group was set up without any intervention. TNF-α release was assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of CD40 was examined by flow cytometry. Immunocytochemical staining was used to show the morphology of BV2 cells.

    Results: FD extract of different concentrations (1, 2, and 4 mg/mL) had no significant toxic effects on the BV2 cells. FD suppressed the activation of microglia in morphology and reduced TNF-α production and expression of CD40 induced by LPS.

    Conclusion: FD extract has a therapeutic potential against neuroinflammatory diseases.

    Matched MeSH terms: Ficus
  4. Fulltext Ficus deltoidea Jack: A Review on Its Phytochemical and Pharmacological Importance
    Bunawan H, Amin NM, Bunawan SN, Baharum SN, Mohd Noor N
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2014;2014:902734.
    PMID: 24772185 DOI: 10.1155/2014/902734
    Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) has had a long history of use in traditional medicine among the Malays to alleviate and heal ailments such as sores, wounds, and rheumatism and as an after-birth tonic and an antidiabetic drug. Modern pharmacological studies demonstrated that this plant has a wide variety of beneficial attributes for human health. Despite its importance, a review of this species has not been published in the scientific literature to date. Here, we review and summarize the historic and current literature concerning the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological effects, and toxicity of this wonder plant. This summary could be beneficial for future research aiming to exploit the therapeutic potential of this useful, medicinal species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ficus
  5. Fulltext Analysis of L-citrulline and L-arginine in Ficus deltoidea leaf extracts by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography
    Shafaei A, Aisha AF, Siddiqui MJ, Ismail Z
    Pharmacognosy Res, 2015 Jan-Mar;7(1):32-7.
    PMID: 25598632 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.147196
    Ficus deltoidea (FD) is one of the native plants widely distributed in several countries in Southeast Asia. Previous studies have shown that FD leaf possess antinociceptive, wound healing and antioxidant properties. These beneficial effects have been attributed to the presence of primary and secondary metabolites such as polyphenols, amino acids and flavonoids.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ficus
  6. Fulltext Antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of Ficus deltoidea fruit extracts and fractions
    Misbah H, Aziz AA, Aminudin N
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2013;13:118.
    PMID: 23718315 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-118
    Diabetes is a serious metabolic disorder affecting the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and fat. A number of studies have shown that diabetes mellitus is associated with oxidative stress, leading to an increased production of reactive oxygen species. Ficus deltoidea is traditionally used in Malaysia for regulating blood sugar, blood pressure and cholesterol levels. The use of F. deltoidea as an alternative medicinal herb is increasingly gaining popularity with the sale of F. deltoidea tea bags and capsules in the local market. The present study was undertaken to investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of the fruits from different varieties of F. deltoidea, employing in vitro methods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ficus/chemistry*
  7. Identification of proanthocyanidin dimers and trimers, flavone C-Glycosides, and antioxidants in Ficus deltoidea , a malaysian herbal tea
    Omar MH, Mullen W, Crozier A
    J Agric Food Chem, 2011 Feb 23;59(4):1363-9.
    PMID: 21261251 DOI: 10.1021/jf1032729
    Phenolic compounds in an aqueous infusion of leaves of Ficus deltoidea (Moraceae), a well-known herbal tea in Malaysia, were analyzed by HPLC coupled to photodiode array and fluorescence detectors and an electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometer. Following chromatography of extracts on a reversed phase C(12) column, 25 flavonoids were characterized and/or tentatively identified with the main constituents being flavan-3-ol monomers, proanthocyanidins, and C-linked flavone glycosides. The proanthocyanidins were dimers and trimers comprising (epi)catechin and (epi)afzelechin units. No higher molecular weight proanthocyanidin polymers were detected. The antioxidant activity of F. deltoidea extract was analyzed using HPLC with online antioxidant detection. This revealed that 85% of the total antioxidant activity of the aqueous F. deltoidea infusion was attributable to the flavan-3-ol monomers and the proanthocyanidins.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ficus/chemistry*
  8. Anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract of ficus deltoidea
    Zakaria ZA, Hussain MK, Mohamad AS, Abdullah FC, Sulaiman MR
    Biol Res Nurs, 2012 Jan;14(1):90-7.
    PMID: 21278166 DOI: 10.1177/1099800410395378
    Ficus deltoidea (Family Moraceae) leaves have been used traditionally by the Malays to treat ailments such as wounds, sores, and rheumatism. The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract of F. deltoidea leaf (FDA) using acute and chronic inflammatory models. FDA, in the doses of 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg, was administered intraperitoneally in rats (n = 6) before the animals were subjected to the carrageenan-induced paw edema test, cotton pellet-induced granuloma test, and formalin test. The first two tests represent acute and chronic models of inflammation, respectively. The first and second phases of the formalin test represent neurogenic pain and inflammatory-mediated pain, respectively; thus, only the second phase was measured in the present study. Results showed that FDA exerted significant (p < .05) anti-inflammatory activity in all assays, with dose-response effects seen in the paw edema and formalin tests. In conclusion, the leaf of F. deltoidea possesses anti-inflammatory activity against acute and chronic inflammatory responses and against pain-associated inflammatory response. These findings justify the traditional uses of F. deltoidea leaves for treatment of inflammatory-mediated ailments.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ficus/chemistry*
  9. Schwarzinicines A-G, 1,4-Diarylbutanoid-Phenethylamine Conjugates from the Leaves of Ficus schwarzii
    Krishnan P, Lee FK, Yap VA, Low YY, Kam TS, Yong KT, et al.
    J Nat Prod, 2020 01 24;83(1):152-158.
    PMID: 31935094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01160
    Schwarzinicines A-G (1-7), representing the first examples of 1,4-diarylbutanoid-phenethylamine conjugates, were isolated from the leaves of Ficus schwarzii. The structures of these compounds were determined by detailed analysis of their MS, 1D and 2D NMR data. Compounds 1-4 exhibited pronounced vasorelaxant effects in the rat isolated aorta (Emax 106-120%; EC50 0.96-2.10 μM). However, compounds 1 and 2 showed no cytotoxic effects against A549, MCF-7, and HCT 116 human cancer cells (IC50 > 10 μM).
    Matched MeSH terms: Ficus/chemistry*
  10. Ficus deltoidea Prevented Bone Loss in Preclinical Osteoporosis/Osteoarthritis Model by Suppressing Inflammation
    Che Ahmad Tantowi NA, Lau SF, Mohamed S
    Calcif. Tissue Int., 2018 10;103(4):388-399.
    PMID: 29808374 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0433-1
    Osteoporosis (OP) and osteoarthritis (OA) are debilitating musculoskeletal diseases of the elderly. Ficus deltoidea (FD) or mistletoe fig, a medicinal plant, was pre-clinically evaluated against OP- and OA-related bone alterations, in postmenopausal OA rat model. Thirty twelfth-week-old female rats were divided into groups (n = 6). Four groups were bilateral ovariectomized (OVX) and OA-induced by intra-articular monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) injection into the right knee joints. The Sham control and OVX-OA non-treated groups were given deionized water. The three other OVX-OA groups were orally administered daily with FD extract (200, 400 mg/kg) or diclofenac (5 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. The rats' bones and blood were evaluated for protein and mRNA expressions of osteoporosis and inflammatory indicators, and micro-CT computed tomography for bone microstructure. The non-treated OVX-OA rats developed severe OP bone loss and bone microstructural damage in the subchondral and metaphyseal regions, supported by reduced serum bone formation markers (osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin) and increased bone resorption markers (RANKL and CTX-I). The FD extract significantly (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Ficus*
  11. Fulltext New insights of phenolic compounds from optimized fruit extract of Ficus auriculata
    Shahinuzzaman M, Akhtar P, Amin N, Ahmed Y, Anuar FH, Misran H, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2021 Jun 14;11(1):12503.
    PMID: 34127747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91913-w
    In this study, the extraction conditions extracted maximize amounts of phenolic and bioactive compounds from the fruit extract of Ficus auriculata by using optimized response surface methodology. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated through the assay of radical scavenging ability on DPPH and ABTS as well as reducing power assays on total phenolic content (TPC). For the extraction purpose, the ultrasonic assisted extraction technique was employed. A second-order polynomial model satisfactorily fitted to the experimental findings concerning antioxidant activity (R2 = 0.968, P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Ficus/chemistry*
  12. Elucidating the structural, catalytic, and antibacterial traits of Ficus carica and Azadirachta indica leaf extract-mediated synthesis of the Ag/CuO/rGO nanocomposite
    Fayyaz Z, Farrukh MA, Ul-Hamid A, Chong KK
    Microsc Res Tech, 2024 May;87(5):957-976.
    PMID: 38174385 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24487
    The present exploration demonstrates the efficient, sustainable, cost-effective, and environment-friendly green approach for the synthesis of silver (Ag)-doped copper oxide (CuO) embedded with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite using the green one-pot method and the green deposition method. Leaf extracts of Ficus carica and Azadirachta indica were used for both methods as reducing and capping agents. The effect of methodology and plant extract was analyzed through different characterization techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The lowest band gap of 3.0 eV was observed for the Ag/CuO/rGO prepared by the green one-pot method using F. carica. The reduction of graphene oxide (GO) and the formation of metal oxide was confirmed through functional group detection using FT-IR. Calculation of thermodynamic parameters showed that all reactions involved were nonspontaneous and endothermic which shows the stability of nanocomposites. XRD studies revealed the crystallinity, phase purity and small average crystallite size of 32.67 nm. SEM images disclosed that the morphology of the nanocomposites was spherical with agglomeration and rough texture. The particle size of the nanocomposites calculated through HRTEM was found in agreement with the XRD results. The numerous properties of the synthesized nanocomposites enhanced their potential against the degradation of methylene blue, rhodamine B, and ciprofloxacin. The highest percentage degradation of Ag/CuO/rGO was found to be 97%, synthesized using the green one-pot method with F. carica against ciprofloxacin, which might be due to the lowest band gap, delayed electron-hole pair recombination, and large surface area available. The nanocomposites were also tested against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Facile synthesis of Ag/CuO/rGO nanocomposite using a green one-pot method and the green deposition method. The lowest band gap of 3.0 eV was observed for nanocomposite prepared by a green one-pot method using Ficus carica. Least average crystallite size of 32.67 nm was found for nanocomposite prepared by a green one-pot method using F. carica. Highest antibacterial and catalytic activity (97%) was obtained against ciprofloxacin with nanocomposite prepared through green one-pot method using F. carica. A mechanism of green synthesis is proposed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ficus*
  13. Effects of dietary powdered Ficus deltoidea on the growth and health performance of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus production
    Abdul Kari Z, Sukri SAM, Téllez-Isaías G, Bottje WG, Khoo MI, Guru A, et al.
    Fish Physiol Biochem, 2024 Dec;50(6):2563-2582.
    PMID: 39298109 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01403-9
    Intensive aquaculture causes a decline in the health status of fish, resulting in an increased disease incidence. To counteract this, feed additives have been utilized to improve the growth performance and health of aquaculture species. This work specifically investigates the impact of powdered Ficus deltoidea (FD) on various parameters related to growth, blood parameters, liver and intestine morphology, body proximate analysis, digestive enzymes, antioxidant capacity, and disease resistance to motile Aeromonad Septicemia (MAS) caused by Aeromonas hydrophila infection in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Four formulated diets were prepared: T1 (0% FD), T2 (0.5% FD), T3 (0.75% FD), and T4 (1% FD). After 8 weeks, the African catfish's growth performance fed with the T2 diet exhibited a substantial improvement (p < 0.05), along with a remarkably lower (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) when compared to the other treatment groups. Blood parameter analysis revealed notably higher (p < 0.05) levels of white blood cell (WBC), lymphocytosis (LYM), hemoglobin (HGB), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLOB), as well as total protein (TP) in the T2 diet group. While all treatment groups displayed normal intestinal morphology, liver deterioration was observed in groups supplemented with higher FD. The T2 diet group recorded the highest villus length, width, and crypt depth. Protease and lipase levels were also notably improved in the T2 diet group compared to other treatment groups. Additionally, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were remarkably elevated in all FD diet groups than in the control group. The expression of immune-related genes, including transforming growth factor beta 1, heat shock protein 90, nuclear factor kappa-B gene, and lysozyme G, was upregulated in all treatments. Overall, the results of this study indicate that incorporating dietary FD at 0.5% concentration in the diet of African catfish may enhance their productivity in intensive farming.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ficus*
  14. A short note on seed dispersal by colobines: the case of the proboscis monkey
    Matsuda I, Higashi S, Otani Y, Tuuga A, Bernard H, Corlett RT
    Integr Zool, 2013 Dec;8(4):395-9.
    PMID: 24344963 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12033
    Although the role of primates in seed dispersal is generally well recognized, this is not the case for colobines, which are widely distributed in Asian and African tropical forests. Colobines consume leaves, seeds and fruits, usually unripe. A group of proboscis monkeys (Colobinae, Nasalis larvatus) consisting of 1 alpha-male, 6 adult females and several immatures, was observed from May 2005 to May 2006. A total of 400 fecal samples from focal group members covering 13 months were examined, with over 3500 h of focal observation data on the group members in a forest along the Menanggul River, Sabah, Malaysia. Intact small seeds were only found in 23 of 71 samples in Nov 2005, 15 of 38 in Dec 2005 and 5 of 21 in Mar 2006. Seeds of Ficus (all <1.5 mm in length) were found in all 3 months and seeds from Antidesma thwaitesianum (all <3 mm) and Nauclea subdita (all <2 mm) only in Nov and Dec, which was consistent with members of the study group consuming fruits of these species mostly at these times. To our knowledge, these are the first records of seeds in the fecal samples of colobines. Even if colobines pass relatively few seeds intact, their high abundance and biomass could make them quantitatively significant in seed dispersal. The potential role of colobines as seed dispersers should be considered by colobine researchers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ficus
  15. Fulltext Diet Composition of the Wild Stump-Tailed Macaque (Macaca arctoides) in Perlis State Park, Peninsular Malaysia, Using a Chloroplast tRNL DNA Metabarcoding Approach: A Preliminary Study
    Osman NA, Abdul-Latiff MAB, Mohd-Ridwan AR, Yaakop S, Nor SM, Md-Zain BM
    Animals (Basel), 2020 Nov 26;10(12).
    PMID: 33255964 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122215
    Understanding dietary diversity is a fundamental task in the study of stump-tailed macaque, Macaca arctoides in its natural habitat. However, direct feeding observation and morphological identification using fecal samples are not effective and nearly impossible to obtain in natural habitats because this species is sensitive to human presence. As ecological methods are challenging and time-consuming, DNA metabarcoding offers a more powerful assessment of the diet. We used a chloroplast tRNL DNA metabarcoding approach to identify the diversity of plants consumed by free-ranging M. arctoides in the Malaysia-Thailand border region located in Perlis State Park, Peninsular Malaysia. DNA was extracted from three fecal samples, and chloroplast tRNL DNA was amplified and sequenced using the Illumina MiniSeq platform. Sequences were analyzed using the CLC Genomic Workbench software. A total of 145 plant species from 46 families were successfully identified as being consumed by M. arctoides. The most abundant species were yellow saraca, Saraca thaipingensis (11.70%), common fig, Ficus carica (9.33%), aramata, Clathrotropis brachypetala (5.90%), sea fig, Ficus superba (5.44%), and envireira, Malmea dielsiana (1.70%). However, Clathrotropis and Malmea are not considered Malaysian trees because of limited data available from Malaysian plant DNA. Our study is the first to identify plant taxa up to the species level consumed by stump-tailed macaques based on a DNA metabarcoding approach. This result provides an important understanding on diet of wild M. arctoides that only reside in Perlis State Park, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ficus
  16. Fulltext Limited directed seed dispersal in the canopy as one of the determinants of the low hemi-epiphytic figs' recruitments in Bornean rainforests
    Nakabayashi M, Inoue Y, Ahmad AH, Izawa M
    PLoS One, 2019;14(6):e0217590.
    PMID: 31194749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217590
    Ficus species are keystone plants in tropical rainforests, and hemi-epiphytic figs play a notably important role in forest ecosystems. Because hemi-epiphytic figs have strict germination requirements, germination and establishment stages regulate their populations. Despite the ecological importance of hemi-epiphytic figs in the rainforests, seed dispersal systems by fig-eating animals under natural conditions remain unknown because of the difficulty in tracing the destiny of dispersed seeds in the canopy. Therefore, seed dispersal effectiveness (SDE) has never been evaluated for hemi-epiphytic figs. We evaluated the SDE of hemi-epiphytic figs using qualitative and quantitative components by three relatively large-sized (> 3 kg) arboreal and volant animals in Bornean rainforests that largely depend on fig fruits in their diets: binturongs Arctictis binturong, Mueller's gibbons Hylobates muelleri, and helmeted hornbills Rhinoplax vigil. The SDE values of binturongs was by far the highest among the three study animals. Meanwhile, successful seed dispersal of hemi-epiphytic figs by gibbons and helmeted hornbills is aleatory and rare. Given that seed deposition determines the fate of hemi-epiphytic figs, the defecatory habits of binturongs, depositing feces on specific microsites in the canopy, is the most reliable dispersal method, compared to scattering feces from the air or upper canopy. We showed that reliable directed dispersal of hemi-epiphytic figs occurs in high and uneven canopy of Bornean rainforests. This type of dispersal is limited to specific animal species, and therefore it may become one of the main factors regulating low-success hemi-epiphytic fig recruitment in Bornean rainforests.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ficus
  17. Fulltext Phytochemical properties and traditional uses of selected medicinal plants in Malaysia: a review
    A’attiyyah A.A., Wan Afiqah Syahirah W.G., Kannan, T.P., Suharni M., Ahmad A., Nor Azah M.A.
    Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 2017;2(2):14-25.
    MyJurnal
    Medicinal plants have healing properties and are able to synthesize various chemical compounds. These chemicals (also known as phytochemical compounds) play vital roles in determining the pharmacological properties existing in certain plants. The phytochemical compounds present in plants are associated with primary and secondary constituents. Most of the time, the secondary constituents exhibit the bioactivities in plants such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Some common medicinal plants that have been used in curing various diseases by traditional practitioners in Malaysia are Ficus deltoidea Jack, Andrographis paniculata, Curcuma longa, Clinacanthus nutans and Eurycoma longifolia Jack. This review discusses the morphology, phytochemical compounds and phytochemical properties of selected medicinal plants in Malaysia. The plants of focus have been found to possess anti-cancer and anti-diabetic effects. This review, it is hoped will enable Malaysian researchers to explore further on the potential of these plants in investigating new and novel drugs in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ficus
  18. Fulltext Determination of Temperature-Dependent Coefficients of Viscosity and Surface Tension of Tamarind Seeds (Tamarindus indica L.) Polymer
    Malviya R, Jha S, Fuloria NK, Subramaniyan V, Chakravarthi S, Sathasivam K, et al.
    Polymers (Basel), 2021 Feb 18;13(4).
    PMID: 33670569 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040610
    The rheological properties of tamarind seed polymer are characterized for its possible commercialization in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Seed polymer was extracted using water as a solvent and ethyl alcohol as a precipitating agent. The temperature's effect on the rheological behavior of the polymeric solution was studied. In addition to this, the temperature coefficient, viscosity, surface tension, activation energy, Gibbs free energy, Reynolds number, and entropy of fusion were calculated by using the Arrhenius, Gibbs-Helmholtz, Frenkel-Eyring, and Eotvos equations, respectively. The activation energy of the gum was found to be 20.46 ± 1.06 kJ/mol. Changes in entropy and enthalpy were found to be 23.66 ± 0.97 and -0.10 ± 0.01 kJ/mol, respectively. The calculated amount of entropy of fusion was found to be 0.88 kJ/mol. A considerable decrease in apparent viscosity and surface tension was produced when the temperature was raised. The present study concludes that the tamarind seed polymer solution is less sensitive to temperature change in comparison to Albzia lebbac gum, Ficus glumosa gum and A. marcocarpa gum. This study also concludes that the attainment of the transition state of viscous flow for tamarind seed gum is accompanied by bond breaking. The excellent physicochemical properties of tamarind seed polymers make them promising excipients for future drug formulation and make their application in the food and cosmetics industry possible.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ficus
  19. Design of oral intestinal-specific alginate-vitexin nanoparticulate system to modulate blood glucose level of diabetic rats
    Shaedi N, Naharudin I, Choo CY, Wong TW
    Carbohydr Polym, 2021 Feb 15;254:117312.
    PMID: 33357875 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117312
    Vitexin of Ficus deltoidea exhibits intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory and blood glucose lowering effects. This study designs oral intestinal-specific alginate nanoparticulate system of vitexin. Nanospray-dried alginate, alginate/stearic acid and alginate-C18 conjugate nanoparticles were prepared. Stearic acid was adopted to hydrophobize the matrix and minimize premature vitexin release in stomach, whereas C-18 conjugate as immobilized fatty acid to sustain hydrophobic effect and drug release. Nanoparticles were compacted with polyethylene glycol (PEG 3000, 10,000 and 20,000). The physicochemical, drug release, in vivo blood glucose lowering and intestinal vitexin content of nanoparticles and compact were determined. Hydrophobization of alginate nanoparticles promoted premature vitexin release. Compaction of nanoparticles with PEG minimized vitexin release in the stomach, with stearic acid loaded nanoparticles exhibiting a higher vitexin release in the intestine. The introduction of stearic acid reduced vitexin-alginate interaction, conferred alginate-stearic acid mismatch, and dispersive stearic acid-induced particle breakdown with intestinal vitexin release. Use of PEG 10,000 in compaction brought about PEG-nanoparticles interaction that negated initial vitexin release. The PEG dissolution in intestinal phase subsequently enabled particle breakdown and vitexin release. The PEG compacted nanoparticles exhibited oral intestinal-specific vitexin release, with positive blood glucose lowering and enhanced intestinal vitexin content in vivo.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ficus
  20. Fulltext The antimicrobial activities of fig (Ficus Carica L.) leaves extract against staphylococcus aureus and escherechia coli
    Amirah Nadiah Ali, Mohd Syahmi Salleh, Ahmad Fahmi Harun, Muhamad Ashraf Rostam
    International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2018;2(1):273-284.
    MyJurnal
    Increasing risk of antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria has led to the exploration of alternative antibiotics derived from leaves of medicinal plants such as the fig (Ficus carica L.). The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract of fig leaves grown under Malaysian tropical environment against pathogenic bacteria linked to antibiotic resistance namely the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherechia coli. The methanolic extraction was performed by using soxhlet apparatus. The disc diffusion method was used to measure inhibition zone diameter on the Mueller-Hinton agar plate. Staphylococcus aureus displayed the highest diameter of inhibition zone against the extract at concentration of 900 mg/ml whilst Escherechia coli displayed the highest diameter of inhibition zone against both the 100% crude extract and 700 mg/ml, respectively. This study therefore highlighted the potential of developing alternative antibiotics derived from the methalonic extract of locally grown fig plant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ficus
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