MyMedR

Fulltext Melioidosis: Cases Notified to Kota Kinabalu District Health Office Year 2017

Rosfina Ghazali

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018;12(101):29-0.

MyJurnal

Melioidosis is a tropical infectious disease cause by gram-negative bacterium, Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is predominantly in tropical climate especially Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. This disease is associated with significant mortality due to early onset of sepsis.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria

Fulltext Complete Genome Sequence of Leptospira kmetyi LS 001/16, Isolated from a Soil Sample Associated with a Leptospirosis Patient in Kelantan, Malaysia

Yusof NY, Muhammad Yusoff F, Muhammad Harish S, Ahmad MN, Khalid MF, Mohd Nor F, et al.

Microbiol Resour Announc, 2019 Jul 11;8(28).

PMID: 31296668 DOI: 10.1128/MRA.00015-19

The Gram-negative pathogenic spirochetal bacteria Leptospira spp. cause leptospirosis in humans and livestock animals. Leptospira kmetyi strain LS 001/16 was isolated from a soil sample associated with a leptospirosis patient in Kelantan, which is among the states in Malaysia with a high reported number of disease cases. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of Leptospira kmetyi strain LS 001/16.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria

Fulltext An investigation into the synergistic relationship between Lactoferrin and Azithromycin with particular reference to Periodontopathic bacteria

Juzaily Husain

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(21):50-50.

MyJurnal

The development of treatment strategies for periodontitis that maximise the
effectiveness of antibiotics is highly desirable. Azithromycin is proving to be an effective antibiotic
for treatment of refractory periodontitis which works by binding to the outer membrane of Gramnegative bacteria and subsequently inhibits protein synthesis. Lactoferrin is a membrane-active
host antimicrobial protein and so the objective of this study was to determine whether the effect
of azithromycin (AZM) against example periodontopathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis and
Tannerella forsythia) could be potentiated by lactoferrin. (Copied from article).

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria

Synthesis of some new 2-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-N-aryl/aralkyl acetamides as potent antibacterial agents

Hussain G, Abbasi MA, Rehman A, Siddiqui SZ, Shah SAA, Ahmad I, et al.

Pak J Pharm Sci, 2018 May;31(3):857-866.

PMID: 29716866

In this work, a new series of 2-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-N-aryl/aralkyl acetamides has been synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial potential. The synthesis was initiated by the reaction of different aryl/aralkyl amines (1a-u) with 2-bromoacetylbromide (2) to obtain N-aryl/aralkyl-2-bromoacetamides (3a-u). Equimolar quantities of different N-aryl/aralkyl-2-bromoacetamides (3a-u) and 2-furoyl-1-piperazine (4) was allowed to react in acetonitrile and in the presence of K2CO3, to form 2-[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-N-aryl/aralkyl acetamides (5a-u). The structural elucidation was done by EI-MS, IR and 1H-NMR techniques of all the synthesized compounds. All of the synthesized molecules were active against various Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains. Among them 5o and 5c showed very excellent MIC values. The cytotoxicity of the molecules was also checked to find their utility as possible therapeutic agents, where 5c (0.51%) and 5g (1.32%) are found to be least toxic in the series.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria

Fulltext Vibrio vulnificus: An Environmental and Clinical Burden

Heng SP, Letchumanan V, Deng CY, Ab Mutalib NS, Khan TM, Chuah LH, et al.

Front Microbiol, 2017;8:997.

PMID: 28620366 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00997

Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram negative, rod shaped bacterium that belongs to the family Vibrionaceae. It is a deadly, opportunistic human pathogen which is responsible for the majority of seafood-associated deaths worldwide. V. vulnificus infection can be fatal as it may cause severe wound infections potentially requiring amputation or lead to sepsis in susceptible individuals. Treatment is increasingly challenging as V. vulnificus has begun to develop resistance against certain antibiotics due to their indiscriminate use. This article aims to provide insight into the antibiotic resistance of V. vulnificus in different parts of the world as well as an overall review of its clinical manifestations, treatment, and prevention. Understanding the organism's antibiotic resistance profile is vital in order to select appropriate treatment and initiate appropriate prevention measures to treat and control V. vulnificus infections, which should eventually help lower the mortality rate associated with this pathogen worldwide.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria

Removal efficiency of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using a natural coagulant during coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation processes

Sha'arani S, Azizan SNF, Md Akhir FN, Muhammad Yuzir MA, Othman N, Zakaria Z, et al.

Water Sci Technol, 2019 Nov;80(9):1787-1795.

PMID: 32039910 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.433

Staphylococcus sp. as Gram-positive and Escherichia coli as Gram-negative are bacterial pathogens and can cause primary bloodstream infections and food poisoning. Coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation processes could be a reliable treatment for bacterial removal because suspended, colloidal, and soluble particles can be removed. Chemical coagulants, such as alum, are commonly used. However, these chemical coagulants are not environmentally friendly. This present study evaluated the effectiveness of coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation processes for removing Staphylococcus sp. and E. coli using diatomite with standard jar test equipment at different pH values. Staphylococcus sp. demonstrated 85.61% and 77.23% significant removal in diatomite and alum, respectively, at pH 5. At pH 7, the removal efficiency decreased to 79.41% and 64.13% for Staphylococcus sp. and E. coli, respectively. At pH 9, there was a decrease in Staphylococcus sp. after adding diatomite or alum compared with that of E. coli. The different removal efficiencies of the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria could be owing to the membrane composition and different structures in the bacteria. This study indicates that diatomite has higher efficiency in removing bacteria at pH 5 and can be considered as a potential coagulant to replace alum for removing bacteria by the coagulation process.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria

Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of mono-, di- and tri-tosylate of glycerol

Yusrabbil Amiyati Yusof, Azhar Ariffin

Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:621-625.

Glycerol is a valuable co-product from oleochemical industry such as from fatty acid and biodiesel production. By having three hydroxyl groups in its molecule, glycerol can undergo chemical modifications that lead to many possible applications. This paper reports the tosylation process of glycerol with para-toluenesulfonyl chloride (p-TsCl). Reaction of glycerol with p-TsCl in the presence of a base produced mono-, di- and tri-tosylate of glycerol even though the reaction was carried out at the mole ratio of 1.2:1.0 of glycerol to p-TsCl. The compounds were successfully isolated and characterized. Mono-, di- and tri-tosylate of glycerol exhibited inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus (gram positive bacteria) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram negative bacteria).

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria

Fulltext Microbiology of diabetic foot infections in a teaching hospital in Malaysia: a retrospective study of 194 cases

Raja NS

J Microbiol Immunol Infect, 2007 Feb;40(1):39-44.

PMID: 17332905

Diabetes mellitus is a progressive disease with chronic complications. Foot infections are a major complication of diabetes and eventually lead to development of gangrene and lower extremity amputation. The microbiological characteristics of diabetic foot infections have not been extensively studied in Malaysia. This study investigated the microbiology of diabetic foot infections and their resistance to antibiotics in patients with diabetic foot infections treated at University of Malaya Medical Centre in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/classification; Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects; Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification*

Identification and characterization of the yellow pigment synthesized by Cupriavidus sp. USMAHM13

Ramachandran H, Iqbal MA, Amirul AA

Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2014 Sep;174(2):461-70.

PMID: 25099372 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1080-2

Microbial pigments are gaining intensive attention due to increasing awareness of the toxicity of synthetic colours. In this study, a novel polymer-producing bacterium designated as Cupriavidus sp. USMAHM13 was also found to produce yellow pigment when cultivated in nutrient broth. Various parameters such as temperature, pH and ratio of culture volume to flask volume were found to influence the yellow pigment production. UV-Visible, Fourier transform infrared and (13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed that the crude yellow pigment might probably represent new bioactive compound in the carotenoid family. The crude yellow pigment also exhibited a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria with their inhibition zones and minimal inhibitory concentrations ranged from 25 to 38 mm and from 0.63 to 2.5 mg/ml, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the identification and characterization of yellow pigment produced by bacterium belonging to the genus Cupriavidus.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects

Fulltext Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of some novel imidazole and benzimidazole sulfonamides

Al-Mohammed NN, Alias Y, Abdullah Z, Shakir RM, Taha EM, Hamid AA

Molecules, 2013 Sep 26;18(10):11978-95.

PMID: 24077176 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181011978

Several new substituted sulfonamide compounds were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, FT-IR, and mass spectroscopy. The antibacterial activities of the synthesized compounds were screened against standard strains of six Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria using the microbroth dilution assay. Most of the compounds studied showed promising activities against both types of bacteria.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects

Fulltext In vitro antimicrobial activity of mangrove plant Sonneratia alba

Saad S, Taher M, Susanti D, Qaralleh H, Awang AF

Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2012 Jun;2(6):427-9.

PMID: 23569943 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60069-0

To investigate the antimicrobial property of mangrove plant Sonneratia alba (S. alba).

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects*

Fulltext Preliminary comparative analysis of antibacterial effects of activated and non-activated of expired platelet concentrate by disc diffusion method

Zabidi MA, Yusoff NM, Kader ZS

Indian J Pathol Microbiol, 2012 Jan-Mar;55(1):47-51.

PMID: 22499300 DOI: 10.4103/0377-4929.94855

Platelets release more than 30 cytokines to provide primary hemostatic function. In addition, platelets are also known to release antimicrobial peptides upon activation by thrombin.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects*

Fulltext Treatment of clinical solid waste using a steam autoclave as a possible alternative technology to incineration

Hossain MS, Balakrishnan V, Rahman NN, Sarker MZ, Kadir MO

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2012 Mar;9(3):855-67.

PMID: 22690168 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9030855

A steam autoclave was used to sterilize bacteria in clinical solid waste in order to determine an alternative to incineration technology in clinical solid waste management. The influence of contact time (0, 5, 15, 30 and 60 min) and temperature (111 °C, 121 °C and 131 °C) at automated saturated steam pressure was investigated. Results showed that with increasing contact time and temperature, the number of surviving bacteria decreased. The optimum experimental conditions as measured by degree of inactivation of bacteria were 121 °C for 15 minutes (min) for Gram negative bacteria, 121 °C and 131 °C for 60 and 30 min for Gram positive bacteria, respectively. The re-growth of bacteria in sterilized waste was also evaluated in the present study. It was found that bacterial re-growth started two days after the inactivation. The present study recommends that the steam autoclave cannot be considered as an alternative technology to incineration in clinical solid waste management.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/growth & development

Fulltext Hell's Gate globin I: an acid and thermostable bacterial hemoglobin resembling mammalian neuroglobin

Teh AH, Saito JA, Baharuddin A, Tuckerman JR, Newhouse JS, Kanbe M, et al.

FEBS Lett., 2011 Oct 20;585(20):3250-8.

PMID: 21925500 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.09.002

Hell's Gate globin I (HGbI), a heme-containing protein structurally homologous to mammalian neuroglobins, has been identified from an acidophilic and thermophilic obligate methanotroph, Methylacidiphilum infernorum. HGbI has very high affinity for O(2) and shows barely detectable autoxidation in the pH range of 5.2-8.6 and temperature range of 25-50°C. Examination of the heme pocket by X-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics showed that conformational movements of Tyr29(B10) and Gln50(E7), as well as structural flexibility of the GH loop and H-helix, may play a role in modulating its ligand binding behavior. Bacterial HGbI's unique resistance to the sort of extreme acidity that would extract heme from any other hemoglobin makes it an ideal candidate for comparative structure-function studies of the expanding globin superfamily.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/chemistry*

Growth inhibition of foodborne and nosocomial pathogens by aqueous fraction of bearded Argostemma (Argostemma involucratum Hemsl., Rubiaceae)

Wiart C, Hannah A, Yusof M, Hamimah H, Sulaiman M

J Herb Pharmacother, 2005;5(3):97-102.

PMID: 16520301

The crude methanol extract of Bearded Argostemma (Argostemma involucratum Hemsl., Rubiaceae) showed a good and broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The activity was increased on fractionation (hexane, dichloromethane and water), particularly in the aqueous fraction which was more active than the methanol extract and streptomycin (no activity was shown against tested moulds). Both the hexane and dichloromethane fractions were inactive. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the antibacterial activity of hexane, dichloromethane, and aqueous fractions of Argostemma involucratum Hemsl. The aqueous fraction of Bearded Argostemma may be a possible new option for the treatment of bacterial infections.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects

An Overview of the Activities of Cefiderocol Against Sensitive and Multidrug- Resistant (MDR) Bacteria

AlMatar M, Albarri O, Makky EA, Var I, Köksal F

Mini Rev Med Chem, 2020;20(18):1908-1916.

PMID: 32811410 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200818211405

The need for new therapeutics and drug delivery systems has become necessary owing to the public health concern associated with the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Among the newly discovered therapeutic agents is cefiderocol, which was discovered by Shionogi Company, Japan as an injectable siderophore cephalosporin. Just like the other β-lactam antibiotics, cefiderocol exhibits antibacterial activity via cell wall synthesis inhibition, especially in Gram negative bacteria (GNB); it binds to the penicillin-binding proteins, but its unique attribute is that it crosses the periplasmic space of bacteria owing to its siderophore-like attribute; it also resists the activity of β-lactamases. Among all the synthesized compounds with the modified C-7 side chain, cefiderocol (3) presented the best and well-balanced activity against multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram negative bacteria, including those that are resistant to carbapenem. İn this article, an overview of the recent studies on cefiderocol was presented.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects*

Fulltext Phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of Swietenia mahagoni crude methanolic seed extract

Sahgal G, Ramanathan S, Sasidharan S, Mordi MN, Ismail S, Mansor SM

Trop Biomed, 2009 Dec;26(3):274-9.

PMID: 20237441 MyJurnal

The present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activities of Swietenia mahagoni crude methanolic (SMCM) seed extract. The antimicrobial activity of the oily extract against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, yeast and fungus strains was evaluated based on the inhibition zone using disc diffusion assay, minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. The crude extract was subjected to various phytochemicals analysis. The demonstrated qualitative phytochemical tests exhibited the presences of common phytocompounds including alkaloids, terpenoids, antraquinones, cardiac glycosides, saponins, and volatile oils as major active constituents. The SMCM seed extract had inhibitory effects on the growth of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Streptococcus faecalis and Proteus mirabillase and illustrated MIC and MBC values ranging from 25 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects

Corrosion and bioactivity performance of graphene oxide coating on TiNb shape memory alloys in simulated body fluid

Saud SN, Hosseinian S R, Bakhsheshi-Rad HR, Yaghoubidoust F, Iqbal N, Hamzah E, et al.

Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2016 Nov 01;68:687-694.

PMID: 27524069 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.06.048

In the present work, the microstructure, corrosion, and bioactivity of graphene oxide (GO) coating on the laser-modified and -unmodified surfaces of TiNb shape memory alloys (SMAs) were investigated. The surface morphology and chemical composition was examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface modification was carried out via a femtosecond laser with the aim to increase the surface roughness, and thus increase the adhesion property. FE-SEM analysis of the laser-treated Ti-30at.% Nb revealed the increase in surface roughness and oxygen/nitrogen containing groups on the Ti-30at.% Nb surface after being surface modified via a femtosecond laser. Furthermore, the thickness of GO was increased from 35μm to 45μm after the surface was modified. Potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies revealed that both the GO and laser/GO-coated samples exhibited higher corrosion resistance than that of the uncoated TiNb SMA sample. However, the laser/GO-coated sample presented the highest corrosion resistance in SBF at 37°C. In addition, during soaking in the simulated body fluid (SBF), both the GO and laser/GO coating improved the formation of apatite layer. Based on the bioactivity results, the GO coating exhibited a remarkable antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria compared with the uncoated. In conclusion, the present results indicate that Ti-30at.% Nb SMAs may be promising alternatives to NiTi for certain biomedical applications.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/growth & development

Antimicrobial properties of starch films incorporated with chitosan nanoparticles: In vitro and in vivo evaluation

Shapi'i RA, Othman SH, Nordin N, Kadir Basha R, Nazli Naim M

Carbohydr Polym, 2020 Feb 15;230:115602.

PMID: 31887886 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115602

Chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) were synthesized via ionic gelation and used for the preparation of starch-based nanocomposite films containing different concentration of CNP (0, 5, 10, 15, 20% w/w). Antimicrobial properties of starch/CNP films was evaluated via in vitro (disc diffusion analysis) and in vivo (microbial count in wrapped cherry tomatoes) study. It was found that inhibitory zone of the 15 and 20% of starch/CNP films were clearly observed for all the tested bacteria including Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. In vivo study revealed that the starch/CNP film (15% w/w) was more efficient to inhibit the microbial growth in cherry tomatoes (7 × 102 CFU/g) compared to neat starch film (2.15 × 103 CFU/g) thus confirmed the potential application of the films as antimicrobial food packaging.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects

Fulltext Pharmacological screening of methanolic extract of Ixora species

Latha LY, Darah I, Jain K, Sasidharan S

Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2012 Feb;2(2):149-51.

PMID: 23569886 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60210-4

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts of different parts of Ixora species.

METHODS: Antimicrobial activity was carried out using disc diffusion assay against fungi, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

RESULTS: All methanolic extracts of different parts of Ixora species showed a broad-spectrum of antibacterial and antiyeast activities, which inhibited the growth of at least one bacterium or yeast. There was no remarkable difference between different Ixora species observed in this study.

CONCLUSIONS: The significant antimicrobial activity shown by this Ixora species suggests its potential against infections caused by pathogens. The extract may be developed as an antimicrobial agent.

Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects*

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