Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 128 in total

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  1. Fulltext Characterisation of Drosophila Ubx CPTI000601 and hth CPTI000378 protein trap lines
    Choo SW, Beh CY, Russell S, White R
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:191535.
    PMID: 25389534 DOI: 10.1155/2014/191535
    In Drosophila, protein trap strategies provide powerful approaches for the generation of tagged proteins expressed under endogenous control. Here, we describe expression and functional analysis to evaluate new Ubx and hth protein trap lines generated by the Cambridge Protein Trap project. Both protein traps exhibit spatial and temporal expression patterns consistent with the reported endogenous pattern in the embryo. In imaginal discs, Ubx-YFP is expressed throughout the haltere and 3rd leg imaginal discs, while Hth-YFP is expressed in the proximal regions of haltere and wing discs but not in the pouch region. The Ubx (CPTI000601) line is semilethal as a homozygote. No T3/A1 to T2 transformations were observed in the embryonic cuticle or the developing midgut. The homozygous survivors, however, exhibit a weak haltere phenotype with a few wing-like marginal bristles on the haltere capitellum. Although hth (CPTI000378) is completely lethal as a homozygote, the hth (CPTI000378) /hth (C1) genotype is viable. Using a hth deletion (Df(3R)BSC479) we show that hth (CPTI000378) /Df(3R)BSC479 adults are phenotypically normal. No transformations were observed in hth (CPTI000378), hth (CPTI000378) /hth (C1), or hth (CPTI000378) /Df(3R)BSC479 embryonic cuticles. We have successfully characterised the Ubx-YFP and Hth-YFP protein trap lines demonstrating that the tagged proteins show appropriate expression patterns and produce at least partially functional proteins.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestines/growth & development
  2. Characterization of Enterococcus hirae Isolated from the Intestine of Seabass (Lates Calcarifer) as a New Potential Probiotic against Pathogenic Vibrios
    Masduki F, Y JM, Min CC, Karim M
    Curr Microbiol, 2020 Dec;77(12):3962-3968.
    PMID: 33025182 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02228-4
    In this study, we aimed to isolate, identify and characterize lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from the intestine of juvenile seabass (Lates calcarifer) as a new potential probiotic. Four strains of LABs were isolated from the intestines of ten healthy seabass juveniles. In the in vitro screening process using spot lawn assay, one isolate labeled as LAB3 showed inhibitory activity against Vibrio harveyi (ATCC 35,084). Strain LAB3 was determined to belong to the gram positive bacteria group with cocci shape and was identified as Enterococcus hirae using 16S rDNA analysis. This bacterium was able to grow at pH ranging from pH 2 to 10 with the best growth at pH 7. This strain was also able to grow at 0-4% NaCl after 24 h incubation and grew best at 1.5% NaCl. Enterococcus hirae strain LAB3 of the present study is worthy to be further characterized as a potential probiotic for use in seabass culture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestines
  3. Chikungunya Virus Infection of Aedes Mosquitoes
    Wong HV, Chan YF, Sam IC, Sulaiman WY, Vythilingam I
    Methods Mol Biol, 2016;1426:119-28.
    PMID: 27233266 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3618-2_11
    In vivo infection of mosquitoes is an important method to study and characterize arthropod-borne viruses. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that is transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes. In this chapter, we describe a protocol for infection of CHIKV in two species of Aedes mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, together with the isolation of CHIKV in different parts of the infected mosquito such as midgut, legs, wings, salivary gland, head, and saliva. This allows the study of viral infection, replication and dissemination within the mosquito vector.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestines/virology
  4. Fulltext Chilaiditi's syndrome presenting as acute abdomen
    Hisham AN, Gunn A, Jamil AA
    Med J Malaysia, 1995 Sep;50(3):281-3.
    PMID: 8926911
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestines/abnormalities*
  5. Chitosan-Coated Alginate Nanoparticles Enhanced Absorption Profile of Insulin Via Oral Administration
    Jaafar MHM, Hamid KA
    Curr Drug Deliv, 2019;16(7):672-686.
    PMID: 31250754 DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666190620110748
    BACKGROUND: In this study, four nanoparticle formulations (F1 to F4) comprising varying ratios of alginate, Pluronic F-68 and calcium chloride with a constant amount of insulin and chitosan as a coating material were prepared using polyelectrolyte complexation and ionotropic gelation methods to protect insulin against enzymatic degradation.

    METHODS: This study describes the formulation design, optimisation, characterisation and evaluation of insulin concentration via oral delivery in rats. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated to quantify insulin concentration in rat plasma. The proposed method produced a linear response over the concentration range of 0.39 to 50 µg/ml.

    RESULTS: In vitro release study showed that dissolution of insulin in simulated gastric juice of pH 1.2 was prevented by alginate core and chitosan coating but rapidly released in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8). Additionally, Formulation 3 (F3) has a particle size of 340.40 ± 2.39 nm with narrow uniformity exhibiting encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 72.78 ± 1.25 % produced highest absorption profile of insulin with a bioavailability of 40.23 ±1.29% and reduced blood glucose after its oral administration in rats.

    CONCLUSION: In conclusion, insulin oral delivery system containing alginate and chitosan as a coating material has the ability to protect the insulin from enzymatic degradation thus enhance its absorption in the intestine. However, more work should be done for instance to involve human study to materialise this delivery system for human use.

    Matched MeSH terms: Intestines
  6. Fulltext Clonal relatedness in the acquisition of intestinal carriage and transmission of multidrug resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli and its risk factors among preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)
    Lee YQ, Ahmad Kamar A, Velayuthan RD, Chong CW, Teh CSJ
    Pediatr Neonatol, 2021 03;62(2):129-137.
    PMID: 33218933 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2020.10.002
    BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal carriage of multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacilli, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, was highly associated with severe nosocomial infections. The main objectives of this study were to determine the clonal relatedness of intestinal carriage and transmission risk factors of MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae amongst preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

    METHODS: A prospective cohort study of preterm infants with gestational age 

    Matched MeSH terms: Intestines/microbiology*
  7. Fulltext Colonic and small bowel metastasis from ductal carcinoma of the breast : a case report
    Visalini S, Daphne A, Mohamed Yusof AW
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Dec;68(6):477-8.
    PMID: 24632919 MyJurnal
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestines
  8. Comparative lethality of tissue extracts from the Malaysian puffer fishes, Lagocephalus lunaris lunaris, L. l. Spadiceus and Arothron stellatus
    Berry PY, Aziz bin Hassan A
    Toxicon, 1973 Apr;11(3):249-54.
    PMID: 4737282
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestines
  9. Fulltext Computed tomography (CT) of bowel and mesenteric injury in blunt abdominal trauma: a pictorial essay
    Hassan R, Abd Aziz A, Mohamed SKC
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Aug;67(4):445-51; quiz 452.
    PMID: 23082464 MyJurnal
    Computed tomography (CT) is currently the diagnostic modality of choice in the evaluation of clinically stable patients with blunt abdominal trauma, including the assessment of blunt bowel and mesenteric injuries. CT signs of bowel and/or mesenteric injuries are bowel wall defect, free air, oral contrast material extravasation, extravasation of contrast material from mesenteric vessels, mesenteric vascular beading, abrupt termination of mesenteric vessels, focal bowel wall thickening, mesenteric fat stranding, mesenteric haematoma and intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal fluid. This pictorial essay illustrates CT features of bowel and/or mesenteric injuries in patients with blunt abdominal trauma. Pitfalls in interpretation of images are emphasized in proven cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestines/injuries*; Intestines/radiography
  10. Construction and characterization of rtxA and rtxC mutants of auxotrophic O139 Vibrio cholerae
    Cheong TG, Chan M, Kurunathan S, Ali SA, ZiNing T, Zainuddin ZF, et al.
    Microb Pathog, 2010 Feb;48(2):85-90.
    PMID: 19900531 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2009.11.001
    Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes diarrheal disease. V. cholerae O1 and O139 serogroups are toxigenic and are known to cause epidemic cholera. These serogroups produce cholera toxin and other accessory toxins such as accessory cholera enterotoxin, zonula occludens toxin, and multifunctional, autoprocessing repeat in toxin (MARTX). In the present study, we incorporated mutated rtxA and rtxC genes that encode MARTX toxin into the existing aminolevulinic acid (ALA) auxotrophic vaccine candidate VCUSM2 of V. cholerae O139 serogroup. The rtxC mutant was named VCUSM9 and the rtxC/rtxA mutant was named VCUSM10. VCUSM9 and VCUSM10 were able to colonize intestinal cells well, compared with the parent vaccine strain, and produced no fluid accumulation in a rabbit ileal loop model. Cell rounding and western blotting assays indicated that mutation of the rtxC gene alone (VCUSM9 strain) did not abolish MARTX toxicity. However mutation of both the rtxA and rtxC genes (VCUSM10) completely abolished MARTX toxicity. Thus we have produced a new, less reactogenic, auxotrophic rtxC/rtxA mutated vaccine candidate against O139 V. cholerae.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestines/microbiology
  11. Fulltext Could Perturbation of Gut Microbiota Possibly Exacerbate the Severity of COVID-19 via Cytokine Storm?
    Vignesh R, Swathirajan CR, Tun ZH, Rameshkumar MR, Solomon SS, Balakrishnan P
    Front Immunol, 2020;11:607734.
    PMID: 33569053 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.607734
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestines/immunology; Intestines/microbiology*; Intestines/virology
  12. Crocodiles and alligators: Antiamoebic and antitumor compounds of crocodiles
    Siddiqui R, Jeyamogan S, Ali SM, Abbas F, Sagathevan KA, Khan NA
    Exp Parasitol, 2017 Dec;183:194-200.
    PMID: 28917711 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.09.008
    Crocodiles exist in unsanitary environments, feed on rotten meat, are often exposed to heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, mercury, nickel, lead, selenium, tolerate high levels of radiation, and are amid the very few species to survive the catastrophic Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, nonetheless they can live for up to a 100 years. Moreover, as they live in unhygienic conditions, they regularly come across pathogens. Logically, we postulate that crocodiles possess mechanisms to defend themselves from noxious agents as well as protecting themselves from pathogens. To test this hypothesis, various organ lysates and serum of Crocodylus palustris were prepared. Amoebicidal assays were performed using Acanthamoeba castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype. Cytotoxicity assays were performed using Prostate cancer cells culture by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release as a marker for cell death. Growth inhibition assays were performed to determine the growth inhibitory effects of various organ lysates. Serum and heart lysates of Crocodylus palustris exhibited powerful anti-tumor activity exhibiting more than 70% Prostate cancer cell death (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestines/chemistry
  13. Cryptosporidium infection: epidemiology, clinical, diagnosis and management
    Sinniah, B., Sinniah, D.
    Malaysian Journal of Child Health, 1992;4(1):27-32.
    MyJurnal
    Cryptosporidium is an intestinal protozoan parasite which causes diarrhoea in animals and has recently been reported to cause similar symptoms in man. Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic infection and the first human case was reported in 1976.2 Since then the number of cases has increased by the hundreds especially among patients with acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS), as a result of the severe symptoms that they cause in the im-munosuppressed patients and also due to the better screening techniques which have been developed resulting in the detection of cases.3 To date 20 species of Cryptosporidium have been reported but these cannot be differentiated morphologically. The differences are based mainly on the host from which the parasites were recovered. The species responsible for causing infection in man is Cryptosporidium parvum.4 Of the 20 species reported several are invalid because the oocysts of some of them were found to be the same as the sporocyst of Sarcocystis. It is now concluded that there are only two species that infect mammals (C. Muris and C. parvum). (Copied from article).
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestines
  14. Fulltext Cytotoxicity effect of degraded and undegraded kappa and iota carrageenan in human intestine and liver cell lines
    Ariffin SH, Yeen WW, Abidin IZ, Abdul Wahab RM, Ariffin ZZ, Senafi S
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2014;14:508.
    PMID: 25519220 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-508
    Carrageenan is a linear sulphated polysaccharide extracted from red seaweed of the Rhodophyceae family. It has broad spectrum of applications in biomedical and biopharmaceutical field. In this study, we determined the cytotoxicity of degraded and undegraded carrageenan in human intestine (Caco-2; cancer and FHs 74 Int; normal) and liver (HepG2; cancer and Fa2N-4; normal) cell lines.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestines/drug effects*
  15. Fulltext Data on the mechanisms of antidiarrhoeal activity of methanol leaf extract of Combretum hypopilinum Diels (Combretaceae): Involvement of opioidergic and (α1 and β)-adrenergic pathways
    Ahmad MH, Zezi AU, Anafi SB, Alhassan Z, Mohammed M, Danraka RN
    Data Brief, 2021 Jun;36:107155.
    PMID: 34041327 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107155
    This article describes the dataset for the elucidation of the possible mechanisms of antidiarrhoeal actions of methanol leaves extract of Combretum hypopilinum (Diels) Combretaceae in mice. The plant has been used in traditional medicine to treat diarrhoea in Nigeria and other African countries. We introduce the data for the antidiarrhoeal activity of the methanol leaf extract of Combretum hypopilinum at 1,000 mg/kg investigated using charcoal meal test in mice with loperamide (5 mg/kg) as the standard antidiarrhoeal agent. To elucidate the possible mechanisms of its antidiarrhoeal action, naloxone (2 mg/kg), prazosin (1 mg/kg), yohimbine (2 mg/kg), propranolol (1 mg/kg), pilocarpine (1 mg/kg) and isosorbide dinitrate (150 mg/kg) were separately administered to different groups of mice 30 minutes before administration of the extract. Each mouse was dissected using dissecting set, and the small intestine was immediately removed from pylorus to caecum, placed lengthwise on moist filter paper and measured the distance travelled by charcoal relative to the length of the intestine using a calibrated ruler in centimetre. Besides, the peristaltic index and inhibition of charcoal movement of each animal were calculated and recorded. The methods for the data collection is similar to the one used to investigate the possible pathways involved in the antidiarrhoeal action of Combretum hypopilinum in mice in the research article by Ahmad et al. (2020) "Mechanisms of Antidiarrhoeal Activity of Methanol Leaf Extract of Combretum hypopilinum Diels (Combretaceae): Involvement of Opioidergic and (α1 and β)-Adrenergic Pathways" (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113750) [1]. Therefore, this datasets could form a basis for in-depth research to elucidate further the pharmacological properties of the plant Combretum hypopilinum and its bioactive compounds to develop standardized herbal product and novel compound for management of diarrhoea. It could also be instrumental for evaluating the plant's pharmacological potentials using other computational-based and artificial intelligence approaches, including predictive modelling and simulation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestines
  16. Design of in situ dispersible and calcium cross-linked alginate pellets as intestinal-specific drug carrier by melt pelletization technique
    Nurulaini H, Wong TW
    J Pharm Sci, 2011 Jun;100(6):2248-57.
    PMID: 21213311 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22459
    Conventional alginate pellets underwent rapid drug dissolution and loss of multiparticulate characteristics such as aggregation in acidic medium, thereby promoting oral dose dumping. This study aimed to design sustained-release dispersible alginate pellets through rapid in situ matrix dispersion and cross-linking by calcium salts during dissolution. Pellets made of alginate and calcium salts were prepared using a solvent-free melt pelletization technique that prevented reaction between processing materials during agglomeration and allowed such a reaction to occur only in dissolution phase. Drug release was remarkably retarded in acidic medium when pellets were formulated with water-soluble calcium acetate instead of acid-soluble calcium carbonate. Different from calcium salt-free and calcium carbonate-loaded matrices that aggregated or underwent gradual erosion, rapid in situ solvation of calcium acetate in pellets during dissolution resulted in burst of gas bubbles, fast pellet breakup, and dispersion. The dispersed fragments, though exhibiting a larger specific surface area for drug dissolution than intact matrix, were rapidly cross-linked by Ca(2+) from calcium acetate and had drug release retarded till a change in medium pH from 1.2 to 6.8. Being dispersible and pH-dependent in drug dissolution, these pellets are useful as multiparticulate intestinal-specific drug carrier without exhibiting dose dumping tendency of a "single-unit-like" system via pellet aggregation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestines*
  17. Design of oral intestinal-specific alginate-vitexin nanoparticulate system to modulate blood glucose level of diabetic rats
    Shaedi N, Naharudin I, Choo CY, Wong TW
    Carbohydr Polym, 2021 Feb 15;254:117312.
    PMID: 33357875 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117312
    Vitexin of Ficus deltoidea exhibits intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory and blood glucose lowering effects. This study designs oral intestinal-specific alginate nanoparticulate system of vitexin. Nanospray-dried alginate, alginate/stearic acid and alginate-C18 conjugate nanoparticles were prepared. Stearic acid was adopted to hydrophobize the matrix and minimize premature vitexin release in stomach, whereas C-18 conjugate as immobilized fatty acid to sustain hydrophobic effect and drug release. Nanoparticles were compacted with polyethylene glycol (PEG 3000, 10,000 and 20,000). The physicochemical, drug release, in vivo blood glucose lowering and intestinal vitexin content of nanoparticles and compact were determined. Hydrophobization of alginate nanoparticles promoted premature vitexin release. Compaction of nanoparticles with PEG minimized vitexin release in the stomach, with stearic acid loaded nanoparticles exhibiting a higher vitexin release in the intestine. The introduction of stearic acid reduced vitexin-alginate interaction, conferred alginate-stearic acid mismatch, and dispersive stearic acid-induced particle breakdown with intestinal vitexin release. Use of PEG 10,000 in compaction brought about PEG-nanoparticles interaction that negated initial vitexin release. The PEG dissolution in intestinal phase subsequently enabled particle breakdown and vitexin release. The PEG compacted nanoparticles exhibited oral intestinal-specific vitexin release, with positive blood glucose lowering and enhanced intestinal vitexin content in vivo.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestines
  18. Fulltext Detection and characterization of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae from the gut of subsistence farmers, their livestock, and the surrounding environment in rural Nepal
    Subramanya SH, Bairy I, Metok Y, Baral BP, Gautam D, Nayak N
    Sci Rep, 2021 01 22;11(1):2091.
    PMID: 33483551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81315-3
    The increasing trend of gut colonization by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacterales has been observed in conventional farm animals and their owners. Still, such colonization among domesticated organically fed livestock has not been well studied. This study aimed to determine the gut colonization rate of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) among rural subsistence farming communities of the Kaski district in Nepal. Rectal swabs collected by systematic random sampling from 128 households of subsistence farming communities were screened for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and CPE by phenotypic and molecular methods. A total of 357 (57%) ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates were obtained from 626 specimens, which included 97 ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (75.8%) from 128 adult humans, 101 (79.5%) from 127 of their children, 51 (47.7%) from 107 cattle, 26 (51%) from 51 goats, 30 (34.9%) from 86 poultry and 52 (42%) from 127 environmental samples. No CPE was isolated from any of the samples. blaCTX-M-15 was the most predominant gene found in animal (86.8%) and human (80.5%) isolates. Out of 308 Escherichia coli isolates, 16 human and two poultry isolates were positive for ST131 and were of clade C. Among non-cephalosporin antibiotics, the resistance rates were observed slightly higher in tetracycline and ciprofloxacin among all study subjects. This is the first one-health study in Nepal, demonstrating the high rate of CTX-M-15 type ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae among gut flora of subsistence-based farming communities. Gut colonization by E. coli ST131 clade C among healthy farmers and poultry birds is a consequential public health concern.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestines/microbiology*
  19. Fulltext Detection of Hartmannella sp, a free-living amoeba from Sungai Setiu, Terengganu
    Mat Amin N, Najmiah Mustaffa N, Md Arshad N
    Trop Biomed, 2004 Dec;21(2):77-80.
    PMID: 16493402
    Hartmannella sp is one of the free-living amoebae that have the ability to infect animal tissues because it has been found in human's nasal mucosa, dog's bronchial and turkey's intestine. Treatment for diseases inflicted by free-living amoebae is difficult because most of them infect and damage the host's tissues, so preventive measures are better to take rather than to cure the diseases. In this study, water taken from several stations namely Kampung Padang, Kampung Besut, Ibu Bekalan Setiu, Kampung Tasik, Kampung Guntung, Kampung Nyatoh, Kampung Penarik and Kampung Mangkok) along Sungai Setiu, Terengganu was examined for the presence of Hartmannella sp. The results of this study indicated that only Ibu Bekalan Setiu station was found positive to have the amoeba. Detail results on the water quality and nutrient contents measured in relation to the distribution of the amoeba at Ibu Bekalan Setiu station are presented and discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestines
  20. Fulltext Determining the prevalence of intestinal parasites in three Orang Asli (Aborigines) communities in Perak, Malaysia
    Sinniah B, Sabaridah I, Soe MM, Sabitha P, Awang IP, Ong GP, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2012 Jun;29(2):200-6.
    PMID: 22735840 MyJurnal
    This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites among children and adult Orang Aslis (Aborigines) from different locations in Perak. Faecal samples were collected and analyzed using the direct smear and formal ether sedimentation technique. Some of the faecal samples were stained using the Modified Acid fast stain for Cryptosporidium. Nail clippings of the respondents and the soil around their habitat were also analyzed. Of the 77 stool samples examined, 39 (50.6%) were positive for at least one intestinal parasite. The most common parasite detected was Trichuris trichiura (39.0%) followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (26.9%), Entamoeba coli (5.2%), Giardia lamblia (5.2%), Blastocystis hominis (3.9%), hookworm (3.9%), Entamoeba histolytica (1.3%), Iodamoeba butschlii (1.3%) and Cryptosporidium sp. (1.3%) respectively. Some respondents had single parasites (24.7%), some with two parasites (18.2%). Some with three parasites (6.5%) and one had four parasites species (1.3%). The parasites were slightly more common in females (54.7%) than males ((41.7%). The parasites were more common in the 13-20 year age group (90.9%) followed by 1-12 years (69.6%), 21-40 year age group (34.8%) and least in the 41-60 year age group (27.8%). Nail examinations of the respondents did not show any evidence of parasites. One had a mite, three had pollen grains and one had yeast cells isolated from the finger nails. Soil samples taken around their houses showed only one sample with a nematode ova and one with oocyst which was of a non human origin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Intestines/parasitology*
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