Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 154 in total

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  1. Fulltext A glutamic acid-producing lactic acid bacteria isolated from Malaysian fermented foods
    Zareian M, Ebrahimpour A, Bakar FA, Mohamed AK, Forghani B, Ab-Kadir MS, et al.
    Int J Mol Sci, 2012;13(5):5482-97.
    PMID: 22754309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13055482
    l-glutamaic acid is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and an important intermediate in metabolism. In the present study, lactic acid bacteria (218) were isolated from six different fermented foods as potent sources of glutamic acid producers. The presumptive bacteria were tested for their ability to synthesize glutamic acid. Out of the 35 strains showing this capability, strain MNZ was determined as the highest glutamic-acid producer. Identification tests including 16S rRNA gene sequencing and sugar assimilation ability identified the strain MNZ as Lactobacillus plantarum. The characteristics of this microorganism related to its glutamic acid-producing ability, growth rate, glucose consumption and pH profile were studied. Results revealed that glutamic acid was formed inside the cell and excreted into the extracellular medium. Glutamic acid production was found to be growth-associated and glucose significantly enhanced glutamic acid production (1.032 mmol/L) compared to other carbon sources. A concentration of 0.7% ammonium nitrate as a nitrogen source effectively enhanced glutamic acid production. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of glutamic acid production by lactic acid bacteria. The results of this study can be further applied for developing functional foods enriched in glutamic acid and subsequently γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) as a bioactive compound.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lactic Acid/isolation & purification; Lactic Acid/metabolism*
  2. Preparation, characterization and in vitro release study of BSA-loaded double-walled glucose-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres
    Ansary RH, Rahman MM, Awang MB, Katas H, Hadi H, Mohamed F, et al.
    Arch Pharm Res, 2016 Sep;39(9):1242-56.
    PMID: 26818028 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0710-3
    The aim of this study was to prepare a model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA) loaded double-walled microspheres using a fast degrading glucose core, hydroxyl-terminated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (Glu-PLGA) and a moderate-degrading carboxyl-terminated PLGA polymers to reduce the initial burst release and to eliminate the lag phase from the release profile of PLGA microspheres. The double-walled microspheres were prepared using a modified water-in-oil-in-oil-in-water (w/o/o/w) method and single-polymer microspheres were prepared using a conventional water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsion solvent evaporation method. The particle size, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, thermal properties, in vitro drug release and structural integrity of BSA were evaluated in this study. Double-walled microspheres prepared with Glu-PLGA and PLGA polymers with a mass ratio of 1:1 were non-porous, smooth-surfaced, and spherical in shape. A significant reduction of initial burst release was achieved for the double-walled microspheres compared to single-polymer microspheres. In addition, microspheres prepared using Glu-PLGA and PLGA polymers in a mass ratio of 1:1 exhibited continuous BSA release after the small initial burst without any lag phase. It can be concluded that the double-walled microspheres made of Glu-PLGA and PLGA polymers in a mass ratio of 1:1 can be a potential delivery system for pharmaceutical proteins.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lactic Acid/chemical synthesis*; Lactic Acid/metabolism
  3. Optimising the production of succinate and lactate in Escherichia coli using a hybrid of artificial bee colony algorithm and minimisation of metabolic adjustment
    Tang PW, Choon YW, Mohamad MS, Deris S, Napis S
    J Biosci Bioeng, 2015 Mar;119(3):363-8.
    PMID: 25216804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.08.004
    Metabolic engineering is a research field that focuses on the design of models for metabolism, and uses computational procedures to suggest genetic manipulation. It aims to improve the yield of particular chemical or biochemical products. Several traditional metabolic engineering methods are commonly used to increase the production of a desired target, but the products are always far below their theoretical maximums. Using numeral optimisation algorithms to identify gene knockouts may stall at a local minimum in a multivariable function. This paper proposes a hybrid of the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm and the minimisation of metabolic adjustment (MOMA) to predict an optimal set of solutions in order to optimise the production rate of succinate and lactate. The dataset used in this work was from the iJO1366 Escherichia coli metabolic network. The experimental results include the production rate, growth rate and a list of knockout genes. From the comparative analysis, ABCMOMA produced better results compared to previous works, showing potential for solving genetic engineering problems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lactic Acid/biosynthesis*; Lactic Acid/metabolism
  4. Ethanol and lactic acid production using sap squeezed from old oil palm trunks felled for replanting
    Kosugi A, Tanaka R, Magara K, Murata Y, Arai T, Sulaiman O, et al.
    J Biosci Bioeng, 2010 Sep;110(3):322-5.
    PMID: 20547348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.03.001
    Old oil palm trunks that had been felled for replanting were found to contain large quantities of high glucose content sap. Notably, the sap in the inner part of the trunk accounted for more than 80% of the whole trunk weight. The glucose concentration of the sap from the inner part was 85.2g/L and decreased towards the outer part. Other sugars found in relatively low concentrations were sucrose, fructose, galactose, xylose, and rhamnose. In addition, oil palm sap was found to be rich in various kinds of amino acids, organic acids, minerals and vitamins. Based on these findings, we fermented the sap to produce ethanol using the sake brewing yeast strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kyokai no.7. Ethanol was produced from the sap without the addition of nutrients, at a comparable rate and yield to the reference fermentation on YPD medium with glucose as a carbon source. Likewise, we produced lactic acid, a promising material for bio-plastics, poly-lactate, from the sap using the homolactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus lactis ATCC19435. We confirmed that sugars contained in the sap were readily converted to lactic acid with almost the same efficiency as the reference fermentation on MSR medium with glucose as a substrate. These results indicate that oil palm trunks felled for replanting are a significant resource for the production of fuel ethanol and lactic acid in palm oil-producing countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lactic Acid/biosynthesis*; Lactic Acid/isolation & purification
  5. Cancer Cell Metabolites: Updates on Current Tracing Methods
    Maniam S, Maniam S
    Chembiochem, 2020 12 11;21(24):3476-3488.
    PMID: 32639076 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000290
    Cancer is the second leading cause of death-1 in 6 deaths globally is due to cancer. Cancer metabolism is a complex and one of the most actively researched area in cancer biology. Metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells entails activities that involve several enzymes and metabolites to convert nutrient into building blocks that alter energy metabolism to fuel rapid cell division. Metabolic dependencies in cancer generate signature metabolites that have key regulatory roles in tumorigenesis. In this minireview, we highlight recent advances in the popular methods ingrained in biochemistry research such as stable and flux isotope analysis, as well as radioisotope labeling, which are valuable in elucidating cancer metabolites. These methods together with analytical tools such as chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry have helped to bring about exploratory work in understanding the role of important as well as obscure metabolites in cancer cells. Information obtained from these analyses significantly contribute in the diagnosis and prognosis of tumors leading to potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lactic Acid/metabolism; Lactic Acid/chemistry
  6. Efficacy and safety of Jessner's solution peel in comparison with salicylic acid 30% peel in the management of patients with acne vulgaris and postacne hyperpigmentation with skin of color: a randomized, double-blinded, split-face, controlled trial
    How KN, Lim PY, Wan Ahmad Kammal WSL, Shamsudin N
    Int J Dermatol, 2020 Jul;59(7):804-812.
    PMID: 32447767 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14948
    OBJECTIVE: Antibiotics and retinoids have been used for acne vulgaris for decades. Though effective, each has its own drawbacks. Chemical peels have been used for treatment of acne vulgaris with inadequate clinical evidence. We sought to determine the efficacy and safety of Jessner's solution (JS) in comparison with salicylic acid (SA) 30% in the management of acne vulgaris and postacne hyperpigmentation in patients with colored skin.

    METHODS: A total of 36 subjects (94.5% Fitzpatick Type IV-V) were recruited in this randomized double-blinded, split-face, controlled trial. Each side of the face was randomly assigned for treatment with either JS or SA. Subjects were treated once fortnightly for a total of three sessions. Lesion counting, Michaelsson acne score (MAS), photographs, and postacne hyperpigmentation index (PAHPI) were used to objectively assess the improvement. Complications were assessed during each visit. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS v22.0. Significance was set at P = 0.05.

    RESULTS: At the end of therapy, significant reduction in inflammatory, noninflammatory lesions, MAS, and PAHPI scores (P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Lactic Acid/adverse effects; Lactic Acid/therapeutic use
  7. Fulltext Residence time distribution of tapioca starch-poly(lactic acid)- cloisite 10A nanocomposite foams in an extruder
    Lee, S.Y.
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2012;20(1):103-108.
    MyJurnal
    Tapioca starch, poly(lactic acid) and Cloisite 10A nanocomposite foams were prepared by twin screw extrusion. Residence time distribution (RTD) in an extruder is a useful means of determining optimal processing conditions for mixing, cooking and shearing reactions during the process. RTD was obtained by inputting a pulse-like stimulus and measuring its profile at the exit or other point in the extruder. During processing, after the steady state had been reached, a fixed amount of tracer was instantaneously fed into the extruder and its concentration was measured from the samples collected at fixed time intervals in the extruder exit. The tracer concentration was the value of the redness, a* was used as a measure of red colour intensity of the concentration of tracer in the extrudate. Meanwhile, the effects of two screw configurations (compression and mixing screws) and two barrel temperatures (150 and 160ºC) on RTD of nanocomposite foams were also studied. The influences of screw configurations and barrel temperatures on RTD were analyzed using the mean residence time (MRT) and variance. Screw configurations and temperatures had significant effects (P
    Matched MeSH terms: Lactic Acid
  8. Fulltext Lactic Acid Bacteria Is Beneficial For Oral Aphtous Ulcerations - A Preliminary Report
    Hashim, B.Y., Rahman, R.A., Philip, K.
    Ann Dent, 1999;6(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    Recurrent aphthous ulcers of the mouth are difficult to treat because of no known definite aetiology. This paper presents the use of lactic acid bacteria thought to modulate the host immune response to affect improvements in the disease. Twenty-five patients with the disease were treated with 6 lactic bacteria capsules (in the form of OMX capsules) daily for a period of six months, and their responses were evaluated. Seventeen patients (73.9%) became free of the disease six months later, while 6 (26.1 %) experienced very dramatic improvements. Two patients were lost to follow-up. It is concluded that lactic acid bacteria is beneficial in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers of the mouth.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lactic Acid
  9. A review of recent developments on kinetics parameters for glycerol electrochemical conversion - A by-product of biodiesel
    Rahim SANM, Lee CS, Abnisa F, Aroua MK, Daud WAW, Cognet P, et al.
    Sci Total Environ, 2020 Feb 25;705:135137.
    PMID: 31846815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135137
    Glycerol is a by-product produced from biodiesel, fatty acid, soap and bioethanol industries. Today, the value of glycerol is decreasing in the global market due to glycerol surplus, which primarily resulted from the speedy expansion of biodiesel producers around the world. Numerous studies have proposed ways of managing and treating glycerol, as well as converting it into value-added compounds. The electrochemical conversion method is preferred for this transformation due to its simplicity and hence, it is discussed in detail. Additionally, the factors that could affect the process mechanisms and products distribution in the electrochemical process, including electrodes materials, pH of electrolyte, applied potential, current density, temperature and additives are also thoroughly explained. Value-added compounds that can be produced from the electrochemical conversion of glycerol include glyceraldehyde, dihydroxyacetone, glycolic acid, glyceric acid, lactic acid, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, tartronic acid and mesoxalic acid. These compounds are found to have broad applications in cosmetics, pharmaceutical, food and polymer industries are also described. This review will be devoted to a comprehensive overview of the current scenario in the glycerol electrochemical conversion, the factors affecting the mechanism pathways, reaction rates, product selectivity and yield. Possible outcomes obtained from the process and their benefits to the industries are discussed. The utilization of solid acid catalysts as additives for future studies is also suggested.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lactic Acid
  10. Effect of hydrolysed cellulose nanowhiskers on properties of montmorillonite/polylactic acid nanocomposites
    Arjmandi R, Hassan A, Haafiz MK, Zakaria Z, Islam MS
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2016 Jan;82:998-1010.
    PMID: 26592699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.028
    Polylactic acid (PLA) nanocomposites reinforced with hybrid montmorillonite/cellulose nanowhiskers [MMT/CNW(SO4)] were prepared by solution casting. The CNW(SO4) nanofiller was first isolated from microcrystalline cellulose using acid hydrolysis treatment. PLA/MMT/CNW(SO4) hybrid nanocomposites were prepared by the addition of various amounts of CNW(SO4) [1-9 parts per hundred parts of polymer (phr)] into PLA/MMT nanocomposite at 5 phr MMT content, based on highest tensile strength values as reported previously. The biodegradability, thermal, tensile, morphological, water absorption and transparency properties of PLA/MMT/CNW(SO4) hybrid nanocomposites were investigated. The Biodegradability, thermal stability and crystallinity of hybrid nanocomposites increased compared to PLA/MMT nanocomposite and neat PLA. The highest tensile strength of hybrid nanocomposites was obtained by incorporating 1 phr CNW(SO4) [∼ 36 MPa]. Interestingly, the ductility of hybrid nanocomposites increased significantly by 87% at this formulation. The Young's modulus increased linearly with increasing CNW(SO4) content. This is due to the relatively good dispersion of nanofillers in the hybrid nanocomposites, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the formation of some polar interactions. In addition, water resistance of the hybrid nanocomposites improved and the visual transparency of neat PLA film did not affect by addition of CNW(SO4).
    Matched MeSH terms: Lactic Acid/chemistry*
  11. Triple-layered PLGA/nanoapatite/lauric acid graded composite membrane for periodontal guided bone regeneration
    Jamuna-Thevi K, Saarani NN, Abdul Kadir MR, Hermawan H
    Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2014 Oct;43:253-63.
    PMID: 25175212 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.07.028
    This paper discusses the successful fabrication of a novel triple-layered poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based composite membrane using only a single step that combines the techniques of solvent casting and thermally induced phase separation/solvent leaching. The resulting graded membrane consists of a small pore size layer-1 containing 10 wt% non-stoichiometric nanoapatite (NAp)+1-3 wt% lauric acid (LA) for fibroblastic cell and bacterial inhibition, an intermediate layer-2 with 20-50 wt% NAp+1 wt% LA, and a large pore size layer-3 containing 30-100 wt% NAp without LA to allow bone cell growth. The synergic effects of 10-30 wt% NAp and 1 wt% LA in the membrane demonstrated higher tensile strength (0.61 MPa) and a more elastic behavior (16.1% elongation at break) in 3 wt% LA added membrane compared with the pure PLGA (0.49 MPa, 9.1%). The addition of LA resulted in a remarkable plasticizing effect on PLGA at 3 wt% due to weak intermolecular interactions in PLGA. The pure and composite PLGA membranes had good cell viability toward human skin fibroblast, regardless of LA and NAp contents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lactic Acid/chemistry*
  12. Fulltext The effect of fiber bleaching treatment on the properties of poly(lactic acid)/oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber composites
    Rayung M, Ibrahim NA, Zainuddin N, Saad WZ, Razak NI, Chieng BW
    Int J Mol Sci, 2014;15(8):14728-42.
    PMID: 25153628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150814728
    In this work, biodegradable composites from poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber were prepared by melt blending method. Prior to mixing, the fiber was modified through bleaching treatment using hydrogen peroxide. Bleached fiber composite showed an improvement in mechanical properties as compared to untreated fiber composite due to the enhanced fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion. Interestingly, fiber bleaching treatment also improved the physical appearance of the composite. The study was extended by blending the composites with commercially available masterbatch colorant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lactic Acid/chemistry*
  13. Fulltext The influence of chemical surface modification of kenaf fiber using hydrogen peroxide on the mechanical properties of biodegradable kenaf fiber/poly(lactic acid) composites
    Razak NI, Ibrahim NA, Zainuddin N, Rayung M, Saad WZ
    Molecules, 2014;19(3):2957-68.
    PMID: 24609017 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19032957
    Bleaching treatment of kenaf fiber was performed in alkaline medium containing hydrogen peroxide solution maintained at pH 11 and 80 °C for 60 min. The bleached kenaf fiber was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The bleached kenaf fiber was then compounded with poly-(lactic acid) (PLA) via a melt blending method. The mechanical (tensile, flexural and impact) performance of the product was tested. The fiber treatment improved the mechanical properties of PLA/bleached kenaf fiber composites. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) morphological analysis showed improvement of the interfacial adhesion between the fiber surface and polymer matrix.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lactic Acid/chemistry*
  14. Mn(2+) and Mg(2+) synergistically enhanced lactic acid production by Lactobacillus rhamnosus FTDC 8313 via affecting different stages of the hexose monophosphate pathway
    Lew LC, Choi SB, Tan PL, Liong MT
    J Appl Microbiol, 2014 Mar;116(3):644-53.
    PMID: 24267975 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12399
    The study aimed to evaluate the effects of Mn(2+) and Mg(2+) on lactic acid production using response surface methodology and to further study their effects on interactions between the enzymes and substrates along the hexose monophosphate pathway using a molecular modelling approach.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lactic Acid/biosynthesis*
  15. Fulltext Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of poly(lactic acid)/epoxidized palm olein blend
    Silverajah VS, Ibrahim NA, Zainuddin N, Yunus WM, Hassan HA
    Molecules, 2012 Oct 08;17(10):11729-47.
    PMID: 23044711 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171011729
    Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is known to be a useful material in substituting the conventional petroleum-based polymer used in packaging, due to its biodegradability and high mechanical strength. Despite the excellent properties of PLA, low flexibility has limited the application of this material. Thus, epoxidized palm olein (EPO) was incorporated into PLA at different loadings (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 wt%) through the melt blending technique and the product was characterized. The addition of EPO resulted in a decrease in glass transition temperature and an increase of elongation-at-break, which indicates an increase in the PLA chain mobility. PLA/EPO blends also exhibited higher thermal stability than neat PLA. Further, the PLA/1 wt% EPO blend showed enhancement in the tensile, flexural and impact properties. This is due to improved interaction in the blend producing good compatible morphologies, which can be revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. Therefore, PLA can be efficiently plasticized by EPO and the feasibility of its use as flexible film for food packaging should be considered.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lactic Acid/chemistry*
  16. Fulltext Variable carbon catabolism among Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates
    Chai LC, Kong BH, Elemfareji OI, Thong KL
    PLoS One, 2012;7(5):e36201.
    PMID: 22662115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036201
    Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) is strictly a human intracellular pathogen. It causes acute systemic (typhoid fever) and chronic infections that result in long-term asymptomatic human carriage. S. Typhi displays diverse disease manifestations in human infection and exhibits high clonality. The principal factors underlying the unique lifestyle of S. Typhi in its human host during acute and chronic infections remain largely unknown and are therefore the main objective of this study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lactic Acid/metabolism
  17. Fulltext A comparative study on the mechanical, thermal and morphological characterization of poly(lactic acid)/epoxidized Palm Oil blend
    Giita Silverajah VS, Ibrahim NA, Yunus WM, Hassan HA, Woei CB
    Int J Mol Sci, 2012;13(5):5878-98.
    PMID: 22754338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13055878
    In this work, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) a fully biodegradable thermoplastic polymer matrix was melt blended with three different epoxidized palm oil (EPO). The aim of this research was to enhance the flexibility, mechanical and thermal properties of PLA. The blends were prepared at various EPO contents of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 wt% and characterized. The SEM analysis evidenced successful modification on the neat PLA brittle morphology. Tensile tests indicate that the addition of 1 wt% EPO is sufficient to improve the strength and flexibility compared to neat PLA. Additionally, the flexural and impact properties were also enhanced. Further, DSC analysis showed that the addition of EPO results in a decrease in T(g), which implies an increase in the PLA chain mobility. In the presence of 1 wt% EPO, TGA results revealed significant increase in the thermal stability by 27%. Among the three EPOs used, EPO(3) showed the best mechanical and thermal properties compared to the other EPO's, with an optimum loading of 1 wt%. Conclusively, EPO showed a promising outcome to overcome the brittleness and improve the overall properties of neat PLA, thus can be considered as a potential plasticizer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lactic Acid/chemistry*
  18. Fulltext Graphene nanoplatelets as novel reinforcement filler in poly(lactic acid)/epoxidized palm oil green nanocomposites: mechanical properties
    Chieng BW, Ibrahim NA, Yunus WM, Hussein MZ, Giita Silverajah VS
    Int J Mol Sci, 2012;13(9):10920-34.
    PMID: 23109829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130910920
    Graphene nanoplatelet (xGnP) was investigated as a novel reinforcement filler in mechanical properties for poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/epoxidized palm oil (EPO) blend. PLA/EPO/xGnP green nanocomposites were successfully prepared by melt blending method. PLA/EPO reinforced with xGnP resulted in an increase of up to 26.5% and 60.6% in the tensile strength and elongation at break of the nanocomposites respectively, compared to PLA/EPO blend. XRD pattern showed the presence of peak around 26.5° in PLA/EPO nanocomposites which corresponds to characteristic peak of graphene nanoplatelets. However, incorporation of xGnP has no effect on the flexural strength and modulus. Impact strength of PLA/5 wt% EPO improved by 73.6% with the presence of 0.5 wt% xGnP loading. Mechanical properties of PLA were greatly improved by the addition of a small amount of graphene nanoplatelets (<1 wt%).
    Matched MeSH terms: Lactic Acid/chemistry*
  19. Fulltext Factors predicting outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among elderly Malaysians: a retrospective study
    Nik Muhamad NA, Nidzwani S
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Jun;67(3):278-83.
    PMID: 23082417 MyJurnal
    Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been standard treatment for all cardiac arrest patients that arrive at the Emergency Department. However it is unclear whether prolonging resuscitation among the elderly victims will provide any benefit or improve outcome. This study is to evaluate factors that can influence outcome of CPR among the elderly, such as time of arrest, duration of CPR, lactate levels and age (among elderly age groups). 89 patients fit the inclusion criteria from January 2007 to January 2009, and all underwent CPR. Lactate levels (p=0.047) and duration of CPR performed (p=0.019) had significant relation to outcome. Time of arrest to CPR and age had no significance. Of 89 patients studied, 4 (4.5%) survived to hospital discharge. The remaining 85 (95.5%) died either in the emergency department, the wards or the Intensive Care Unit. Among the survivors, only 2 (2.3%) functional (independent on activities of daily life) patients were identified. Among the survivors, the mean lactate level was 4.0 mmol/L. The mean lactate levels among the dead were 9.84 mmol/L. The mean length of CPR among the survivors was 5.42 minutes and for the non-survivors, 19.28 minutes. This study reports certain factors such as duration of resuscitation and initial lactate levels that can be valuable tools in decision making when resuscitating an elderly.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lactic Acid/blood
  20. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of ground corn stover for the production of fuel ethanol using Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Escherichia coli K011
    Vincent M, Pometto AL, van Leeuwen JH
    J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2011 Jul;21(7):703-10.
    PMID: 21791956
    Enzymatic saccharification of corn stover using Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Gloeophyllum trabeum and subsequent fermentation of the saccharification products to ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli K011 were achieved. Prior to simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) for ethanol production, solid-state fermentation was performed for four days on ground corn stover using either P. chrysosporium or G. trabeum to induce in situ cellulase production. During SSF with S. cerevisiae or E. coli, ethanol production was the highest on day 4 for all samples. For corn stover treated with P. chrysosporium, the conversion to ethanol was 2.29 g/100 g corn stover with S. cerevisiae as the fermenting organism, whereas for the sample inoculated with E. coli K011, the ethanol production was 4.14 g/100 g corn stover. Corn stover treated with G. trabeum showed a conversion 1.90 and 4.79 g/100 g corn stover with S. cerevisiae and E. coli K011 as the fermenting organisms, respectively. Other fermentation co-products, such as acetic acid and lactic acid, were also monitored. Acetic acid production ranged between 0.45 and 0.78 g/100 g corn stover, while no lactic acid production was detected throughout the 5 days of SSF. The results of our experiment suggest that it is possible to perform SSF of corn stover using P. chrysosporium, G. trabeum, S. cerevisiae and E. coli K011 for the production of fuel ethanol.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lactic Acid/metabolism
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