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Fulltext Human Health Risk Assessments of Trace Metals on the Clam Corbicula javanica in a Tropical River in Peninsular Malaysia

Yap CK, Wong KW, Al-Shami SA, Nulit R, Cheng WH, Aris AZ, et al.

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020 12 29;18(1).
PMID: 33383875 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010195

This study aimed to analyse ten trace metal concentrations in the edible part of the freshwater clam Corbicula javanica and to provide a critical assessment of the potential risks to human health through consumption of this clam as food based on well-established indices and food safety guidelines. The clams were captured from a pristine original site and transplanted to other sites with different environmental qualities. The trace metal levels in the edible total soft tissue (TST) of the clam were below those of the food safety guidelines referred to except for Pb, which exceeded the permissible limit set by the European Commission (2006) and the US Food and Drug Administration/ Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition); Interstate Shellfish Sanitation Conference. (USFDA/CFSAN; ISSC) (2007). The estimated daily intake (EDI) values of the clam were found to be lower than the oral reference dose and the calculated target hazard quotient (THQ) and total THQ were found to be less than 1. Therefore, in conclusion, the human health risk for consumption of TST of C. javanica at both average and high-level were insignificant regardless of the environment it was exposed to.

Matched MeSH terms: Seafood*
Fulltext Lateral thyroid cartilage thyrotomy approach to an embedded paraglottic fishbone

Wong HT, Tham SY, Elangkumaran K, Ng W, Sia KJ

Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 2017 Mar;99(3):e1-e2.
PMID: 28071949 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2017.0010

Fishbones are of particular interest to otolaryngologists. Most fishbones can be removed transorally or via endoscopic guidance. Transcervical neck exploration is occasionally necessary, especially in cases of an embedded foreign body. Computed tomography is the most sensitive and specific imaging modality for identifying embedded fishbones. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a laryngeal foreign body embedded in the paraglottic space that was removed using an open approach via a lateral thyroid cartilage window.

Matched MeSH terms: Seafood*
Fulltext Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in some commercially important fishes from a tropical river estuary suggests higher potential health risk in children than adults

Ahmed ASS, Sultana S, Habib A, Ullah H, Musa N, Hossain MB, et al.

PLoS One, 2019;14(10):e0219336.
PMID: 31622361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219336

The Karnaphuli River estuary, located in southeast coast of Bangladesh, is largely exposed to heavy metal contamination as it receives a huge amount of untreated industrial effluents from the Chottagram City. This study aimed to assess the concentrations of five heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu) and their bioaccumulation status in six commercially important fishes, and also to evaluate the potential human health risk for local consumers. The hierarchy of the measured concentration level (mg/kg) of the metals was as follows: Pb (13.88) > Cu (12.10) > As (4.89) > Cr (3.36) > Cd (0.39). The Fulton's condition factor denoted that fishes were in better 'condition' and most of the species were in positive allometric growth. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of the contaminants observed in the species were in the following orders: Cu (1971.42) > As (1042.93) > Pb (913.66) > Cr (864.99) > Cd (252.03), and among the specimens, demersal fish, Apocryptes bato appeared to be the most bioaccumulative organism. Estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR) assessed for potential human health risk implications suggest that the values were within the acceptable threshold for both adults and children. However, calculated CR values indicated that both age groups were not far from the risk, and HI values demonstrated that children were nearly 6 times more susceptible to non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health effects than adults.

Matched MeSH terms: Seafood/analysis*
Synergistic Antimicrobial Effect of a Seaweed-Probiotic Blend Against Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND)-Causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Lim SY, Loo KW, Wong WL

Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins, 2020 09;12(3):906-917.
PMID: 31773414 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09616-8

The outbreak of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) has caused great economic losses to the shrimp culture sector. However, the use of antibiotics to fight this disease has resulted in negative impacts on human health and the environment. Thus, the use of natural alternatives to antibiotics may be a better solution. In this study, four Bacillus species obtained from the guts of shrimps (Fenneropenaeus penicillatus and Penaeus monodon) showed antimicrobial activity against the AHPND-causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain 3HP using the cross-streaking and agar spot methods. Two of the Bacillus isolates, B2 and BT, also showed good probiotic properties, exhibiting tolerance to bile, good adhesion to shrimp mucus, non-hemolytic, susceptibility to antibiotics and being safe towards hosts. Moreover, a seaweed-probiotic blend (a combination of Bacillus B2 and 20 mg/ml of the red seaweed Gracilaria sp.) exhibited synergistic in vitro inhibition against V. parahaemolyticus strain 3HP, with an observed inhibition zone of 5.0 mm. The broth co-culture experiment results further indicated that the seaweed-probiotic blend inhibited V. parahaemolyticus through competitive exclusion. The in vivo challenge trials also confirmed that this seaweed-probiotic blend significantly reduced the mortality of shrimps post-challenge with the AHPND-causing V. parahaemolyticus strain 3HP (p < 0.05) compared to the negative control (mortality rate = 13.88% vs 72.19%). Thus, this seaweed-probiotic blend may serve as an alternative to antibiotics in controlling the outbreak of AHPND.

Matched MeSH terms: Seafood/microbiology*
Human health risk assessment due to consumption of dried fish in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India: a baseline report

Priyadharshini M, Ahmed MS, Pradhoshini KP, Santhanabharathi B, Ahmed MFS, Alam L, et al.

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2024 Jun;31(29):41388-41401.
PMID: 37171725 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27339-w

The current study sought to determine the levels of radioactivity and heavy metal contamination in 22 dried fish samples collected in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The study found that there were substantial heavy metals concentrations for Pb, Mn, Cr, Co, and Cd. The concentration of heavy metal Pb being alarmingly high (32.85 to 42.09 mg/kg), followed by Cd (2.18 mg/kg to 3.51 mg/kg) than the permissible limit of WHO (2.17 mg/kg) for Pb and (0.05 mg/kg) for Cd. In terms of radioactivity, the gross alpha activity in the dried fish samples ranged 6.25 ± 0.12 to 48.21 ± 0.11 Bg/kg with an average of 20.35 Bg/kg and with a gross beta activity from 6.48 ± 0.02 to 479.47 ± 0.65 Bg/kg, for an average of 136.83 Bg/kg. The study found that the internal radiation dose that people receive upon consuming the fish species Sphyraena obtusata, Rachycentron canadum, Lepidocephalichthys thermalis, Synodontidae, Carangoides malabaricus, Sardina pilchardus, Scomberomorus commerson, Sillago sihama, Gerres subfasciatus, and Amblypharyngodon mola is above the ICRP-recommended limit of less than 1 mSv/year. Annual gonadal dose equivalent (AGDE) and total excessive lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) ranged 0.488 µSv year-1 and 0.004 µSv year-1 respectively, the values of AGDE being higher than the global average value. The findings of the study indicate that the analyzed dried fish samples are contaminated with Pb and Cd, which shall pose cancer risk to the consumers as a result.

Matched MeSH terms: Seafood/analysis
An assessment of the potential health hazards associated with metal contamination in a variety of consumable species living along the industrialized coastline of East Java, Indonesia

Marchellina A, Soegianto A, Putranto TWC, Mukholladun W, Payus CM, Irnidayanti Y

Mar Pollut Bull, 2024 May;202:116375.
PMID: 38621352 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116375

The massive industrial growth in Gresik, East Java, Indonesia has the potential to result in metal contamination in the nearby coastal waters. The purpose of this study was to analyze the metal concentrations in edible species from the Gresik coastal waters and evaluate the potential health risks linked to this metal contamination. Metal concentrations (Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn, As, Cd, Ni, Hg, and Cr) in fish and shrimp samples mostly met the maximum limits established by national and international regulatory organizations. The concentrations of As in Scatophagus argus exceed both the permissible limit established by Indonesia and the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The As concentration in Arius bilineatus is equal to the PTWI. The target cancer risk (TCR) values for both As and Cr in all analyzed species exceed the threshold of 0.0001, suggesting that these two metals possess the potential to provide a cancer risk to humans.

Matched MeSH terms: Seafood/analysis
Fulltext Fish nutrient composition: a review of global data from poorly assessed inland and marine species

Byrd KA, Thilsted SH, Fiorella KJ

Public Health Nutr, 2021 Feb;24(3):476-486.
PMID: 33308365 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980020003857

OBJECTIVE: Our understanding of the nutrient contribution of fish and other aquatic species to human diets relies on nutrient composition data for a limited number of species. Yet particularly for nutritionally vulnerable aquatic food consumers, consumption includes a wide diversity of species whose nutrient composition data are disparate, poorly compiled or unknown.
DESIGN: To address the gap in understanding fish and other aquatic species' nutrient composition data, we reviewed the literature with an emphasis on species of fish that are under-represented in global databases. We reviewed 164 articles containing 1370 entries of all available nutrient composition data (e.g. macronutrients, micronutrients and fatty acids) and heavy metals (e.g. Pb and Hg) for 515 species, including both inland and marine species of fish, as well as other aquatic species (e.g. crustaceans, molluscs, etc.) when those species were returned by our searches.
RESULTS: We highlight aquatic species that are particularly high in nutrients of global importance, including Fe, Zn, Ca, vitamin A and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and demonstrate that, in many cases, a serving can fill critical nutrient needs for pregnant and lactating women and young children.
CONCLUSIONS: By collating the available nutrient composition data on species of fish and other aquatic species, we provide a resource for fisheries and nutrition researchers, experts and practitioners to better understand these critical species and include them in fishery management as well as food-based programmes and policies.

Matched MeSH terms: Seafood/analysis*
Reheating-induced gel properties change and flavor evolution of surimi-based seafood: Effects and mechanisms

Bao L, Yang R, Diao D, Tian F, Chen Y, Zheng B, et al.

Food Chem, 2025 Feb 01;464(Pt 1):141466.
PMID: 39406135 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141466

This study investigated the effect of different reheating treatments on gel properties and flavor changes of surimi products. As the reheating temperature increased from 90 °C to 121 °C, the heat-induced proteolysis produced more abundant umami and sweet amino acids, which took part in the conversion of IMP to AMP, thus enhancing the taste profiles. Reheating increased the exposure of active -NH2 terminals in proteins, which boosted Maillard and Strecker reactions with carbonyl compounds originated from fatty acid oxidation, thus not only reducing the aldehydes and esters contents but also lowering the whiteness of surimi products. Reheating at 90 °C prohibited the production of warmed-over flavor (WOF) and well-preserved the textural characteristics, but high temperatures ≥100 °C were prone to generate furan as the major WOF substance and to destroy gel structures. Collectively, this study provides new insights on understanding the role of reheating on sensory properties of surimi products.

Matched MeSH terms: Seafood/analysis
Rapid detection and E-test antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from seafood and environmental sources in Malaysia

Al-Othrubi SM, Hanafiah A, Radu S, Neoh H, Jamal R

Saudi Med J, 2011 Apr;32(4):400-6.
PMID: 21484001

To find out the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafoods and environmental sources.

Matched MeSH terms: Seafood/microbiology*
Fulltext Exposure Assessment of methyl mercury from consumption of fish and seafood in Peninsular Malaysia

Ahmad NI, Mahiyuddin WRW, Azmi WNFW, Azlee RSR, Shaharudin R, Sulaiman LH

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2022 Apr;29(17):24816-24832.
PMID: 34826068 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17483-6

The concentration of meHg in freshwater fish and seafood was investigated, as well as the consumption patterns of fish and seafood by different demographic groups (age, ethnicity, gender). A potential alarm for human health hazards was also assessed, and the results were compared to the provisional tolerable weekly intakes (PTWIs) and the hazard quotient parameter (HQ). The results showed that meHg levels of 67 species ranged from 0.013 to 0.252 mg/kg of wet weight (WW) with significant differences between different fish and seafood groups (χ2KW = 49.09; p seafood groups in descending orders are as follows: demersal fish (0.1006 mg/kg WW) > pelagic fish (0.0686 mg/kg WW) > freshwater fish 0.045 mg/kg WW) > cephalopods (0.0405 mg/kg WW) crustaceans (0.0356 mg/kg WW). The results revealed that older population (> 40 years old) consumed significantly (p = 0.000) more fish compared to younger generations and the elderly consumed the highest amounts of fish (104.0 ± 113.0 g/day). The adolescents (10-17 years old) consumed more than double of amount for both cephalopod and crustacean compared to the older populations (p seafood compared to other ethnicities, similar to male subjects (95.2 ± 102 g/day; p = 0.026) when compared to the female (86 ± 96.3 g/day). The estimated weekly intake (EWI) values showed results below 1.6 µg/kg BW/week, the tolerable levels recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) for all different demographic factors except for higher consumers at 75th percentile and above. Consumption of marine fish contributed to a higher value of PTWI to all different demographic groups (the estimated weekly intake (EWI) range: 0.2988-0.6893 µg/kg BW/week) but for the adolescents, where from the consumption of crustaceans (0.3488 µg/kg BW/week or 21.8% of PTWI) and cephalopods (0.504 µg/kg BW/week or 31.5% of PTWI). The results from this study also revealed the HQ value for overall consumption of fish and seafood by the adolescents and elderly exceeded one. This was contributed from the consumption of demersal fish and cephalopods, thus indicating the nonacceptable level of noncarcinogenic adverse health effects.

Matched MeSH terms: Seafood/analysis
Global landscape of Vibrio parahaemolyticus research: a bibliometric analysis

Zakaria NH, Abd Rahim NDE, Rosilan NF, Sung YY, Waiho K, Harun S, et al.

World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2025 Jan 23;41(2):45.
PMID: 39843643 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-025-04262-5

Vibrio parahaemolyticus poses a notable threat to marine ecosystems and can cause infections and disease outbreaks in seafood species, which can affect humans upon consumption. The global impacts of such infections and outbreaks on human and animal health led to a growing number of studies from various countries discussing the prevention, control, treatment, and overall implications of V. parahaemolyticus. Hence, this study aims to retrieve relevant studies on V. parahaemolyticus using a bibliometric analysis to understand current research status, trends, and hotspots regarding this bacteria. Relevant literature was searched across the Scopus database, and the data were subsequently analyzed using Biblioshiny software. In addition, a manual examination was conducted to identify the hosts of V. parahaemolyticus and diseases caused by the bacteria. Overall, 7,096 records were obtained from Scopus from 1963 to 2023. A bibliometric analysis identified 17,220 authors, with China emerging as the global leader. The analysis also highlighted significant keywords such as "Vibrio parahaemolyticus," "Litopenaeus vannamei," and "innate immunity," suggesting a focus on the impact of V. parahaemolyticus on L. vannamei, specifically emphasizing the shrimp's innate immune responses. Host-disease interaction network also uncovered 53 interactions between hosts and diseases involving L. vannamei or Penaeus vannamei as the primary host, with acute hepatopancreas necrosis disease (AHPND) emerging as the most prevalent among them. This study can enhance our understanding of infections caused by V. parahaemolyticus and contribute to the development of effective strategies for their prevention and management.

Matched MeSH terms: Seafood/microbiology
The impact of elevated temperature on the macro-nutrients of commercially important marine bivalves: the implication of ocean warming

Liu X, Huang L, Lim L, Fazhan H, Tan K

Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2025;65(10):1833-1840.
PMID: 38294719 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2301432

Bivalves are nutritious animal protein source for humans, rich in high quality proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Many studies have shown that ocean warming has detrimental effects on the nutritional quality of bivalves. Although a number of studies are available on the effect of ocean warming on the nutritional value of bivalves, this information is not well organized. In this context, the current study provides a critical review of the effects of ocean warming on the nutritional quality of commercially important edible marine bivalves. In general, ocean warming has caused a reduction in the total lipid and carbohydrate content of bivalves, especially those bivalves inhabiting temperate regions. As for protein, there is no general trend in the effects of ocean warming on the protein reserves of bivalves. In addition, the specific effects of elevated temperature on the macro-nutrients of bivalves highly depend on the tissues, sex and developmental stages of bivalves, as well as seasonal factors. This review not only fills in the knowledge gap regarding the effects of elevated temperature on the macro-nutrients of commercially important marine bivalves but also provides guidance for the establishment of bivalve aquaculture and fisheries management plans to mitigate the impact of climate change.

Matched MeSH terms: Seafood/analysis
Protein quality of commercially important edible bivalves

Song J, Luo C, Lim L, Cheong KL, Farhadi A, Tan K

Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2025;65(10):1950-1961.
PMID: 38329037 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2315446

Bivalves are a high-quality source of animal protein for human consumption. In recent years, the demand for bivalve proteins has increased dramatically, leading to a sharp increase in global production of marine bivalves. To date, although the amino acid profiles of many bivalves have been reported, such information has not been well organized. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive scientific review of the protein quality of bivalves, especially commercially important edible bivalves. In this context, this study was conducted to evaluate the protein quality of commercially important edible bivalves. In general, most bivalves are rich in protein (> 50% of their dry weight) and amino acids (> 30 g/100g protein). Although most species of bivalves are rich in essential amino acids (EAA) (up to 50 g/100g protein), some species of edible bivalves have very low levels of EAA (< 5 g/100g protein). Based on the AA score, almost all bivalves have at least two limiting AAs. Most bivalve proteins provides delicious flavors with unami, sweetness and a hint of bitterness. The findings of this study not only serve as a a guide for selecting appropriate bivalves based on consumer preferences for specific AAs or AA scores, but also provide information on potential bivalve species for aquaculture to produce higher protein quality to meet the growing demand for high quality animal protein.

Matched MeSH terms: Seafood/analysis
Fulltext A comparative analysis of the effect of low-cost fish and commercially compounded feed on growth performance and organoleptic quality of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) in cage farming in Kuala Penyu, Sabah, and nutritional costs

Wei, Kang Chor, Victor Charlie Andin, Chitra Devi Gopalakrishnan, Amierah Amer, Shaheera Mohamed, Hiroyoshi Matsumoto, et al.

Borneo Journal of Marine Science and Aquaculture, 2020;4(1):52-56.
MyJurnal

A 25-week feeding trial was conducted to assess the growth performance, organoleptic quality, and to estimate the viability of nourishing hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus x Epinephelus lanceolatus) with low-cost fish (LCF) and commercially compound feed (CCF). A group of 3600 juvenile fish (182g) were released in four sea cages and fed with either LCF or CCF in duplicate. At the end of the trial, the hybrid grouper provided LCF attained a significantly higher (P0.05). Although technicalities of fish fed with LCF suggest that LCF is more efficient than CCF, feeding LCF to high-value fish is an unsustainable practice as LCF is usually obtained through trawling – a destructive fishing method for the marine ecosystem. Therefore, feeding with CCF without the use of LCF as the source of protein for its fishmeal will contribute to sustainable aquaculture. In order to convince the local farmers in Sabah to adopt the practice of feeding CCF, future research should focus on completing the species-specific diet formulation to promote optimum growth, and find ways to reduce the CCF local selling price.

Matched MeSH terms: Seafood
Fulltext Effect of salinity on embryo and larval development of oyster Crassostrea iredalei

Ng, Amelia Phei Fang, Teh, Chiew Peng, Poi, Khoy Yen, Tan, Aileen Shau Hwai, Zulfigar Yasin

Trop Life Sci Res, 2016;27(11):23-29.
MyJurnal

The effects of salinity on the embryonic and larvae stage of Crassostrea iredalei
were investigated. Fertilised eggs and one day old D-larvae were subjected to salinities
ranging from 0 to 30 ppt at temperature of 30±2°C. At salinity lower than 10 ppt, 100%
mortality was observed. For embryo development, the highest survival was observed at
salinity 25 ppt with 80.9±2.2% survival with no significant difference compared to 15 and
30 ppt. Shell height and length were both greatest at salinity 30 ppt. Throughout the 11
days culture, the highest larval survival occurred at salinity 15 ppt with no significant
difference compared to all other salinities except 10 ppt. Larval shell sizes showed no
significant differences between salinities, except for 10 ppt. Optimum culture condition for
larvae growth are salinities ranging from 15 to 30 ppt whereby the larval of this species
can tolerate wider range of salinity compared to other oyster species and thus, making it a
competitive species to be cultured.

Matched MeSH terms: Seafood
Fulltext Pond sludge and increased pH cause early mortality syndrome/acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (EMS/AHPND) in cultured white shrimp

Akazawa, Noriaki, Eguchi, Mitsuru

Borneo Journal of Marine Science and Aquaculture, 2017;1(1):92-96.
MyJurnal

Microcosm experiments simulating the occurrence of early mortality syndrome/acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (EMS/AHPND) in white shrimp production ponds were performed in 30-L aquariums. Healthy white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, were reared in aquariums containing EMS/AHPND-free hatchery or pond water. Raw pond sludge, collected from shrimp ponds where EMS/AHPND had occurred, was added to some test aquariums, while others were treated with sterilized pond sludge. In some aquariums, water pH was increased from 7.5 to 8.8. Microcosms with stable pH (around 7.5) and/or autoclaved sludge served as controls. The combination of raw sludge and increased pH induced EMS/AHPND and killed white shrimp, whereas raw sludge/stable pH and autoclaved sludge/increased pH combinations did not affect healthy shrimp. Thus, EMS/AHPND outbreaks are due not only to the causative agent but also to environmental stresses such as pH fluctuation. These findings contribute to improved management in shrimp production farms.

Matched MeSH terms: Seafood
A comparative study of condition indices and heavy metals in perna viridis populations at Sebatu and Muar, Peninsular Malaysia

Yap C, Al-Barwani S

Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:1063-1069.

This study compared some allometric parameters (shell length, shell width, shell height, total dry weight of soft tissues, condition index and heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in the different soft tissues of Perna viridis collected from Sebatu and Muar estuary. It was found that the total dry weight of soft tissues and condition index of mussels collected from Sebatu were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in Muar. The significantly (p<0.05) higher concentrations of Cu in most soft tissues and some of Cd indicated a higher bioavailability of Cu and Cd at Muar than Sebatu. In addition, the significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb in surface sediments collected from Muar supported the observable anthropogenic impacts at Muar than Sebatu and hence, higher metal contamination at Muar than Sebatu. The higher condition index value in mussels recorded in Sebatu than in Muar was believed to be a result of higher metal contamination at Muar estuary.

Matched MeSH terms: Seafood
Recuperation and characterization of calcium carbonate from residual oyster and clamshells and their incorporation into a residential finish

Águila-Almanza E, Hernández-Cocoletzi H, Rubio-Rosas E, Calleja-González M, Lim HR, Khoo KS, et al.

Chemosphere, 2022 Feb;288(Pt 2):132550.
PMID: 34656622 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132550

The final disposal of waste generated by human activities has been turned into a great challenge; until now, little attention has been paid to organic waste, particularly from the restaurant sector. This work describes the process of obtaining calcium carbonate contained in oyster and clam shells re-collected in seafood restaurants. The IR absorption spectra of all the samples revealed the presence of characteristic bands of the carbonate group located at 872, 712 and 1414 cm-1; the peak at 1081 cm-1 of the clamshells confirms the presence of the aragonite phase. The SEM images allow observing a granular morphology whose agglomerates having a size within the range of 0.5-15 μm in brown shells, and a lower dispersion prevails in the grey species and oyster shells that go from 0.3 to 5.9 μm. All of the shells were found to be composed of carbon (C), oxygen (O2) and calcium (Ca) in different concentrations. The calcium carbonate obtained from clamshells has an orthorhombic crystalline structure, while the oyster carbonate has a rhombohedral structure as the calcium carbonate used in the construction industry; the morphology particles also coincide with each other. The material obtained combined with a mixture composed of resin, cellulose, and granules were used to prepare a paste, which was used as a residential finish.

Matched MeSH terms: Seafood
Reduction of COD and ammoniacal nitrogen from stabilized landfill leachate by using green mussel and zeolite as composite adsorbent

Detho A, Daud Z, Rosli MA, Awang H

J Air Waste Manag Assoc, 2022 01;72(1):69-75.
PMID: 33689591 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2021.1894267

Landfill leachate is a liquid generated due to rainwater percolation through the waste in a landfill or dumping site that may contain high levels of organic matter, both biodegradable and non-biodegradable, which are the major sources of water pollution. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3-N) contents have been relevant indicators of severity and pollution potential of landfill leachate. The reductions of COD and NH3-N were investigated in this study using different combinations of media ratios of green mussel (GM) and zeolite (ZEO). Generally, ZEO is considered as a renowned adsorbent but with a relatively high in cost. In Malaysia, mussel shell is abundantly available as a by-product from the seafood industry, is regarded as waste, and is mostly left at the dumpsite to naturally deteriorate. Its quality and availability make GMs a cost-effective material. In this research study, leachate samples were characterized and found to contain high concentrations of COD and NH3-N. The adsorption process was conducted to find out the best combination media ratio between GM and ZEO. The removing efficiency was determined at different amounts of composite media ratios. The optimal adsorbent mixture ratios between (GM: ZEO) of 1.0:3.0 and 1.5:2.5 were considered as a more efficient technique in removing COD and NH3-N compared to exploiting these adsorbents individually. The optimal extenuation removal reduction was found at an approximately 65% of COD and 78% of NH3-N. The adsorption Isotherm Langmuir model exhibited a better fit with high regression coefficient for COD (R2 = 0.9998) and NH3-N (R2 = 0.9875), respectively. This means that the combination of GM: ZEO adsorption of landfill leachate in this analysis is homogeneous with the monolayer. The mixture of GMs and ZEO was observed to provide an alternative medium for the reduction of COD and NH3-N with comparatively lower cost.Implications: The concentration of organic constituents (COD) and ammoniacal nitrogen in stabilized landfill leachate have significantly strong influences of human health and the environment. The combination of mixing media green mussel and zeolite adsorbent enhancing organic constituents (COD) and ammoniacal nitrogen reduction efficiency from leachate. This would be greatly applicable in future research as well as conventionally minimizing high cost materials like zeolite, thereby lowering the operating cost of leachate treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Seafood
Effects of high-voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) on frozen shrimp (Solenocera melantho) based on UPLC-MS untargeted metabolism

Liu J, Zhu F, Yang J, Wang Y, Ma X, Lou Y, et al.

Food Chem, 2023 Jun 15;411:135499.
PMID: 36696717 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135499

Shrimp meat is prone to autolysis and decay due to the abundance of endogenous enzymes and contamination from microorganisms. HVEF freezing can slow the spoilage of shrimp, producing small and uniform ice crystals, resulting in less damage to muscle tissue. In this study, HVEF technique was used to freeze the shrimp (Solenocera melantho), and the UPLC-MS metabolic technique was used to investigate the metabolites of frozen shrimp meat. Compared with the control group, 367 differential metabolites were identified in the HVEF group. Mapping them to the KEGG database, there were 108 with KEGG ID. Purine metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism were the most enriched pathways. In addition, phosphatidylcholines (PCs), inosine (HxR), and l-valine were identified as potential biomarkers associated with lipid, nucleotide, and organic acid metabolism, respectively. Overall, HVEF can improve freezing quality of shrimp meat by slowing down the metabolism of substances in the muscle of S. melantho.

Matched MeSH terms: Seafood

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