Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 66 in total

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  1. Sustainable Dissolution Performance of a Carrier Tailored Electrospun
    Teoh XY, Yeoh Y, Yoong LK, Chan SY
    Pharm Res, 2020 Jan 07;37(2):28.
    PMID: 31912250 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2734-0
    PURPOSE: This study aims to conduct an impact investigation in the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance as an important factor for dissolution improvement of a hydrophilic carrier-based solid dispersion system.

    METHODS: Polymeric carriers with different hydrophobic to hydrophilic ratios were used to prepare several electrospun solid dispersion formulations. Physicochemical properties and surface morphology of the samples were assessed using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR), polarized light microscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Dissolution study was conducted in a non-sink condition to assess the drug release.

    RESULTS: Incorporation of a higher amount of hydrophilic component showed an improvement in formulating a fully amorphous system based on XRPD, yet the dissolution rate increment showed no significant difference from the lower. Hence, the degree of crystallinity is proven not to be the crucial factor contributing to dissolution rate improvement. The presence of a concomitant hydrophobic component, however, showed ability in resisting precipitation and sustaining supersaturation.

    CONCLUSION: Hydrophobicity in a binary carrier system plays an important role in achieving and maintaining the supersaturated state particularly for an amorphous solid dispersion. Graphical Abstract.

    Matched MeSH terms: Povidone/chemistry*
  2. Investigation of interpolymer complexation between Carbopol and various grades of polyvinylpyrrolidone and effects on adhesion strength and swelling properties
    Tan YT, Peh KK, Al-Hanba O
    J Pharm Pharm Sci, 2001 Jan-Apr;4(1):7-14.
    PMID: 11302785
    To investigate the interpolymer complexation between Carbopol 934P (CP) and various grades of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (K90, K32, C15, and VA/S-630).
    Matched MeSH terms: Povidone/chemistry*
  3. Effect of Carbopol and polyvinylpyrrolidone on the mechanical, rheological, and release properties of bioadhesive polyethylene glycol gels
    Tan YT, Peh KK, Al-Hanbali O
    AAPS PharmSciTech, 2000;1(3):E24.
    PMID: 14727910
    This study examined the mechanical (hardness, compressibility, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness) and rheological (zero-rate viscosity and thixotropy) properties of polyethylene glycol (PEG) gels that contain different ratios of Carbopol 934P (CP) and polyvinylpyrrolidone K90 (PVP). Mechanical properties were examined using a texture analyzer (TA-XT2), and rheological properties were examined using a rheometer (Rheomat 115A). In addition, lidocaine release from gels was evaluated using a release apparatus simulating the buccal condition. The results indicated that an increase in CP concentration significantly increased gel compressibility, hardness, and adhesiveness, factors that affect ease of gel removal from container, ease of gel application onto mucosal membrane, and gel bioadhesion. However, CP concentration was negatively correlated with gel cohesiveness, a factor representing structural reformation. In contrast, PVP concentration was negatively correlated with gel hardness and compressibility, but positively correlated with gel cohesiveness. All PEG gels exhibited pseudoplastic flow with thixotropy, indicating a general loss of consistency with increased shearing stress. Drug release T50% was affected by the flow rate of the simulated saliva solution. A reduction in the flow rate caused a slower drug release and hence a higher T50% value. In addition, drug release was significantly reduced as the concentrations of CP and PVP increased because of the increase in zero-rate viscosity of the gels. Response surfaces and contour plots of the dependent variables further substantiated that various combinations of CP and PVP in the PEG gels offered a wide range of mechanical, rheological, and drug-release characteristics. A combination of CP and PVP with complementary physical properties resulted in a prolonged buccal drug delivery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Povidone/chemistry*
  4. Haemolytic, oedema and haemorrhage inducing activities of tentacular extract of the blubber jellyfish (Catostylus mosaicus)
    Azila N, Siao FK, Othman I
    Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol Toxicol, 1991;99(1-2):153-6.
    PMID: 1675964
    1. An extract prepared from the tentacle of the jellyfish (CE), Catostylus mosaicus exhibited haemolytic, oedema and haemorrhage-inducing activities. 2. Acetone treatment of the tentacle extract produced an acetone soluble extract (AE) which showed an increase in specific haemolytic and haemorrhagic activities by 25- and 120-fold respectively; the minimum oedema dose was reduced by 30-fold. 3. The AE caused a rapid onset of oedema in the mouse foot pad. The effect was long-lasting, reaching a maximum in about 30 min after injection and sustained up to 4 hr. 4. Fractionation of the AE on Q-Sepharose gave 4 bound fractions which induced oedema and haemorrhage; however only 3 of the fractions exhibited haemolytic activity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Povidone/toxicity
  5. Fulltext Mechanism-based selection of stabilization strategy for amorphous formulations: Insights into crystallization pathways
    Edueng K, Mahlin D, Larsson P, Bergström CAS
    J Control Release, 2017 06 28;256:193-202.
    PMID: 28412224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.04.015
    We developed a step-by-step experimental protocol using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic vapour sorption (DVS), polarized light microscopy (PLM) and a small-scale dissolution apparatus (μDISS Profiler) to investigate the mechanism (solid-to-solid or solution-mediated) by which crystallization of amorphous drugs occurs upon dissolution. This protocol then guided how to stabilize the amorphous formulation. Indapamide, metolazone, glibenclamide and glipizide were selected as model drugs and HPMC (Pharmacoat 606) and PVP (K30) as stabilizing polymers. Spray-dried amorphous indapamide, metolazone and glibenclamide crystallized via solution-mediated nucleation while glipizide suffered from solid-to-solid crystallization. The addition of 0.001%-0.01% (w/v) HPMC into the dissolution medium successfully prevented the crystallization of supersaturated solutions of indapamide and metolazone whereas it only reduced the crystallization rate for glibenclamide. Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) formulation of glipizide and PVP K30, at a ratio of 50:50% (w/w) reduced but did not completely eliminate the solid-to-solid crystallization of glipizide even though the overall dissolution rate was enhanced both in the absence and presence of HPMC. Raman spectroscopy indicated the formation of a glipizide polymorph in the dissolution medium with higher solubility than the stable polymorph. As a complementary technique, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of indapamide and glibenclamide with HPMC was performed. It was revealed that hydrogen bonding patterns of the two drugs with HPMC differed significantly, suggesting that hydrogen bonding may play a role in the greater stabilizing effect on supersaturation of indapamide, compared to glibenclamide.
    Matched MeSH terms: Povidone/chemistry
  6. Fabrication and dialysis performance of functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes integrated cellulose acetate/poly(vinylpyrrolidone) membranes
    Ashraf MA, Islam A, Butt MA, Hussain T, Khan RU, Bashir S, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2021 Nov 30;191:872-880.
    PMID: 34571131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.131
    Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) of cellulose acetate/poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (CA/PVP) infused with acid functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) were fabricated by an immersion phase separation technique for hemodialysis application. Membranes were characterized using FTIR, water uptake, contact angle, TGA, DMA and SEM analysis. The FTIR was used to confirm the bonding interaction between CA/PVP membrane matrix and f-MWCNTs. Upon addition of f-MWCNTs, TGA thermograms and glass transition temperature indicated improved thermal stability of MMMs. The surface morphological analysis demonstrated revealed uniform distribution of f-MWCNTs and asymmetric membrane structure. The water uptake and contact angle confirmed that hydrophilicity was increased after incorporation of f-MWCNTs. The membranes demonstrated enhancement in water permeate flux, bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection with the infusion of f-MWCNTs; whereas BSA based anti-fouling analysis using flux recovery ratio test shown up to 8.4% improvement. The urea and creatinine clearance performance of MMMs were evaluated by dialysis experiment. It has been found that f-MWCNTs integrated membranes demonstrated the higher urea and creatinine clearance with increase of 12.6% and 10.5% in comparison to the neat CA/PVP membrane. Thus, the prepared CA/PVP membranes embedded with f-MWCNTs can be employed for wide range of dialysis applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Povidone/chemistry*
  7. Fulltext A facile thermal-treatment route to synthesize ZnO nanosheets and effect of calcination temperature
    Al-Hada NM, Saion EB, Shaari AH, Kamarudin MA, Flaifel MH, Ahmad SH, et al.
    PLoS One, 2014;9(8):e103134.
    PMID: 25093752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103134
    A facile thermal-treatment route was successfully used to synthesize ZnO nanosheets. Morphological, structural, and optical properties of obtained nanoparticles at different calcination temperatures were studied using various techniques. The FTIR, XRD, EDX, SEM and TEM images confirmed the formation of ZnO nanosheets through calcination in the temperature between 500 to 650 °C. The SEM images showed a morphological structure of ZnO nanosheets, which inclined to crumble at higher calcination temperatures. The XRD and FTIR spectra revealed that the samples were amorphous at 30 °C but transformed into a crystalline structure during calcination process. The average particle size and degree of crystallinity increased with increasing calcination temperature. The estimated average particle sizes from TEM images were about 23 and 38 nm for the lowest and highest calcination temperature i.e. 500 and 650 °C, respectively. The optical properties were determined by UV-Vis reflection spectrophotometer and showed a decrease in the band gap with increasing calcination temperature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Povidone/chemistry
  8. Fulltext Room temperature radiolytic synthesized Cu@CuAlO(2)-Al(2)O(3) nanoparticles
    Abedini A, Saion E, Larki F, Zakaria A, Noroozi M, Soltani N
    Int J Mol Sci, 2012;13(9):11941-53.
    PMID: 23109893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130911941
    Colloidal Cu@CuAlO(2)-Al(2)O(3) bimetallic nanoparticles were prepared by a gamma irradiation method in an aqueous system in the presence of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and isopropanol respectively as a colloidal stabilizer and scavenger of hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals. The gamma irradiation was carried out in a (60)Co gamma source chamber with different doses up to 120 kGy. The formation of Cu@CuAlO(2)-Al(2)O(3) nanoparticles was observed initially by the change in color of the colloidal samples from colorless to brown. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of bonds between polymer chains and the metal surface at all radiation doses. Results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that Cu@CuAlO(2)-Al(2)O(3) nanoparticles are in a core-shell structure. By controlling the absorbed dose and precursor concentration, nanoclusters with different particle sizes were obtained. The average particle diameter increased with increased precursor concentration and decreased with increased dose. This is due to the competition between nucleation, growth, and aggregation processes in the formation of nanoclusters during irradiation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Povidone/chemistry
  9. Fulltext A comparative study between honey and povidone iodine as dressing solution for Wagner type II diabetic foot ulcers
    Shukrimi A, Sulaiman AR, Halim AY, Azril A
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Mar;63(1):44-6.
    PMID: 18935732 MyJurnal
    Honey dressing has been used to promote wound healing for years but scanty scientific studies did not provide enough evidences to justify it benefits in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. We conducted a prospective study to compare the effect of honey dressing for Wagner's grade-II diabetic foot ulcers with controlled dressing group (povidone iodine followed by normal saline). Surgical debridement and appropriate antibiotics were prescribed in all patients. There were 30 patients age between 31 to 65-years-old (mean of 52.1 years). The mean healing time in the standard dressing group was 15.4 days (range 9-36 days) compared to 14.4 days (range 7-26 days) in the honey group (p < 0.005). In conclusion, ulcer healing was not significantly different in both study groups. Honey dressing is a safe alternative dressing for Wagner grade-II diabetic foot ulcers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Povidone-Iodine/therapeutic use*
  10. Design of a 24-hour controlled porosity osmotic pump system containing PVP: formulation variables
    Yakubu R, Peh KK, Tan YT
    Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 2009 Dec;35(12):1430-8.
    PMID: 19929202 DOI: 10.3109/03639040902988566
    The purpose of this study was to design a 24-hour controlled porosity osmotic pump system that utilizes polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as an osmotic-suspending/release retarding agent of drugs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Povidone/chemistry*
  11. HAp physical investigation--the effect of sintering temperature
    Azran YM, Idris B, Rusnah M, Rohaida CH
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:79-80.
    PMID: 15468828
    The paper presents the effect of sintering temperature on the physical properties of porous hydroxyapatite (HAp In this study, the HAp was prepared using polymeric sponge techniques with different binder concentrations. The sintering process was carried out in air for temperature ranging from 1200 degrees C to 1600 degrees C. Different physical properties namely density and porosity were observed at different sintering temperatures. The HAp prepared with higher PVP binder showed a slightly decreased in apparent density with increasing sintering temperature, while those HAp prepared with lower PVP showed a slightly increase in apparent density with increasing sintering temperature. The total porosity was found to be approximately constant in the whole sintering temperature range. However, closed porosity decreases with increasing sintering temperature for HAp prepared by lower binder concentration. On the other hand, the HAp prepared by higher binder concentrations showed increasing closed porosity with increasing sintering temperature. Other features such as the influence of sintering temperatures on grain and strut would also be presented in this paper.
    Matched MeSH terms: Povidone/chemical synthesis*
  12. Fulltext Low-dose AgNPs reduce lung mechanical function and innate immune defense in the absence of cellular toxicity
    Botelho DJ, Leo BF, Massa CB, Sarkar S, Tetley TD, Chung KF, et al.
    Nanotoxicology, 2016;10(1):118-27.
    PMID: 26152688 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1038330
    Multiple studies have examined the direct cellular toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). However, the lung is a complex biological system with multiple cell types and a lipid-rich surface fluid; therefore, organ level responses may not depend on direct cellular toxicity. We hypothesized that interaction with the lung lining is a critical determinant of organ level responses. Here, we have examined the effects of low dose intratracheal instillation of AgNPs (0.05 μg/g body weight) 20 and 110 nm diameter in size, and functionalized with citrate or polyvinylpyrrolidone. Both size and functionalization were significant factors in particle aggregation and lipid interaction in vitro. One day post-intratracheal instillation lung function was assessed, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung tissue collected. There were no signs of overt inflammation. There was no change in surfactant protein-B content in the BAL but there was loss of surfactant protein-D with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-stabilized particles. Mechanical impedance data demonstrated a significant increase in pulmonary elastance as compared to control, greatest with 110 nm PVP-stabilized particles. Seven days post-instillation of PVP-stabilized particles increased BAL cell counts, and reduced lung function was observed. These changes resolved by 21 days. Hence, AgNP-mediated alterations in the lung lining and mechanical function resolve by 21 days. Larger particles and PVP stabilization produce the largest disruptions. These studies demonstrate that low dose AgNPs elicit deficits in both mechanical and innate immune defense function, suggesting that organ level toxicity should be considered.
    Matched MeSH terms: Povidone/pharmacology
  13. Treatment of laundry wastewater using polyethersulfone/polyvinylpyrollidone ultrafiltration membranes
    Sumisha A, Arthanareeswaran G, Lukka Thuyavan Y, Ismail AF, Chakraborty S
    Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2015 Nov;121:174-9.
    PMID: 25890841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.04.004
    In this study, laundry wastewater filtration was studied using hydrophilic polyvinylpyrollidone (PVP) modified polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membranes. The performances of PES/PVP membranes were assessed using commercial PES membrane with 10kDa in ultrafiltration. Operating parameters The influence of transmembrane pressure (TMP) and stirring speed on laundry wastewater flux was investigated. A higher permeate flux of 55.2L/m(2)h was obtained for modified PES membrane with high concentration of PVP at TMP of 500kPa and 750rpm of stirring speed. The separation efficiencies of membranes were also studied with respect to chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity and conductivity. Results showed that PES membrane with 10% of PVP had higher permeate flux, flux recovery and less fouling when compared with other membranes. Higher COD and TDS rejection of 88% and 82% were also observed for modified membranes due to the improved surface property of membranes. This indicated that modified PES membranes are suitable for the treatment of surfactant, detergent and oil from laundry wastewater.
    Matched MeSH terms: Povidone/chemistry*
  14. Application of cocoa butter for formulation of fast melt tablets containing memantine hydrochloride
    Loke YH, Phang HC, Gobal G, Vijayaraj Kumar P, Kee PE, Widodo RT, et al.
    Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 2024 Oct;50(10):845-855.
    PMID: 39418138 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2417999
    INTRODUCTION: Fast melt tablets (FMTs) provide a convenient dosage form that rapidly dissolves on the tongue without the need for water. Cocoa butter serves as a suitable matrix system for FMTs formulation, facilitating rapid disintegration at body temperature.

    OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to formulate FMTs using cocoa butter as a base and investigate the effect of various disintegrants and superdisintegrants on their characteristics.

    METHODS: Cocoa butter-based FMTs were prepared via the fusion molding technique. Different disintegrants and superdisintegrants were added at varying concentrations and subjected to characterization. The optimal formulation was selected and incorporated with 10 mg memantine hydrochloride.

    RESULTS: The optimal FMT formulation consisted of 340 mg cocoa butter, 75 mg starch, and 75 mg crospovidone, exhibiting a hardness of 17.12 ± 0.31 N and a disintegration time of 32.67 ± 0.17 s. Furthermore, FMTs demonstrated a faster release profile compared to the commercially available product, Ebixa. SEM micrographs revealed homogenous blending of individual ingredients within the cocoa butter matrix and FT-IR analysis confirmed the chemical stability of memantine hydrochloride in the formulation. The dissolution profile of F17 suggested that the drug in FMTs released faster compared to Ebixia. Memantine hydrochloride achieved 98.07% of drug release in FMTs at 10 min. Moreover, the prepared FMTs exhibited stability for at least 6 months.

    CONCLUSION: The successful development of cocoa butter-based FMTs containing memantine hydrochloride highlights the potential of cocoa butter as viable alternative matrix-forming material for FMTs production. This innovative formulation offers patients a convenient alternative for medication administration.

    Matched MeSH terms: Povidone/chemistry
  15. Fulltext Molecular Weight Cut-Off and Structural Analysis of Vacuum-Assisted Titania Membranes for Water Processing
    Abd Jalil SN, Wang DK, Yacou C, Motuzas J, Smart S, Diniz da Costa JC
    Materials (Basel), 2016 Nov 18;9(11).
    PMID: 28774057 DOI: 10.3390/ma9110938
    This work investigates the structural formation and analyses of titania membranes (TM) prepared using different vacuum exposure times for molecular weight (MW) cut-off performance and oil/water separation. Titania membranes were synthesized via a sol-gel method and coated on macroporous alumina tubes followed by exposure to a vacuum between 30 and 1200 s and then calcined at 400 °C. X-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption analyses showed that the crystallite size and particle size of titania increased as a function of vacuum time. All the TM membranes were mesoporous with an average pore diameter of ~3.6 nm with an anatase crystal morphology. Water, glucose, sucrose, and polyvinylpyrrolidone with 40 and 360 kDa (PVP-40 kDa and PVP-360 kDa) were used as feed solutions for MW cut-off and hexadecane solution for oil filtration investigation. The TM membranes were not able to separate glucose and sucrose, thus indicating the membrane pore sizes are larger than the kinetic diameter of sucrose of 0.9 nm, irrespective of vacuum exposure time. They also showed only moderate rejection (20%) of the smaller PVP-40 kDa, however, all the membranes were able to obtain an excellent rejection of near 100% for the larger PVP-360 kDa molecule. Furthermore, the TM membranes were tested for the separation of oil emulsions with a high concentration of oil (3000 ppm), reaching high oil rejections of more than 90% of oil. In general, the water fluxes increased with the vacuum exposure time indicating a pore structural tailoring effect. It is therefore proposed that a mechanism of pore size tailoring was formed by an interconnected network of Ti-O-Ti nanoparticles with inter-particle voids, which increased as TiO₂ nanoparticle size increased as a function of vacuum exposure time, and thus reduced the water transport resistance through the TM membranes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Povidone
  16. Fulltext Inclusion of 2-Mercaptoethanol in Lysis Buffer Could Interfere with Isolation of High Molecular Weight DNA from Freshwater Microalgae
    Yee W, Kumar JN, Muthusamy PD
    Indian J Microbiol, 2018 Mar;58(1):109-113.
    PMID: 29434405 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-017-0698-5
    2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), alongside polyvinylpyrrolidone is commonly used in plant DNA extractions to deal with polyphenols, which could interfere with extraction and downstream applications. 2-ME is also commonly used to denature proteins and nucleases, especially RNAses. On the contrary, we found that the presence of 2-ME in lysis buffer interfered with DNA extraction from 12 strains of freshwater microalgae, resulting in DNA with poor integrity. We also found that the TNES-urea buffer, commonly used for preservation and DNA extraction from fish, appears as effective as the SDS and CTAB buffer for some microalgae strains. Results from our study suggests that the inclusion of 2-ME in DNA extraction protocols may be detrimental for isolation of good quality DNA from freshwater microalgae, and therefore recommend eliminating it or testing varying concentrations of 2-ME when developing species-specific extraction protocols for microalgae.
    Matched MeSH terms: Povidone
  17. Chlorhexidine-alcohol versus povidone-iodine for skin preparation before elective cesarean section: a prospective observational study
    Elshamy E, Ali YZA, Khalafallah M, Soliman A
    J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 2020 Jan;33(2):272-276.
    PMID: 30021481 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1489533
    Introduction: The ideal antiseptic agent for skin preparation before elective cesarean section (CS) is not yet determined. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of skin preparation by chlorhexidine-alcohol compared with povidone-iodine before elective CS on the rate of surgical site infection (SSI).Materials and methods: This prospective observational study included a total of 1424 pregnant women at term who were candidates for the elective CS and were divided into two equal groups of 712 patients in each, group 1 (chlorhexidine-alcohol group) and group 2 (povidone-iodine group). Patients were followed up at 1 week and 1 month postoperative to determine the rate of SSI.Results: The rate of SSI was 3.7% (26 patients) in the chlorhexidine-alcohol group compared with 4.6% (33 patients) in the povidone-iodine group (odds ratio: 0.7798, 95% CI: 0.46-1.3, p = .35), nine patients in the chlorhexidine-alcohol group, and 10 patients in the povidone-iodine group required resuturing (odds ratio: 0.9, 95% CI: 0.36-2.2, p = .82). Four patients (0.56%) in the chlorhexidine-alcohol group and five patients (0.7%) in the povidone-iodine group developed endometritis (p = .74). The rate or readmission because of SSI was 2.7% (19 patients) in the chlorhexidine-alcohol group and 2.9% (21 patients) in the povidone-iodine group (p = .75).Conclusions: Skin preparation with either chlorhexidine-alcohol or povidone-iodine resulted in comparable rates of SSIs. Accordingly, both are suitable antiseptic agents for skin preparation before elective CS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Povidone-Iodine
  18. Fulltext Enucleation in a Cownose Ray (Rhinoptera bonasus)
    Abraham Gabriel A, Yee-Nin ST, Adamu L, Hassan HMD, Wahid AH
    Case Rep Vet Med, 2018;2018:5048948.
    PMID: 29955436 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5048948
    Trauma is a common problem in Cownose Ray during mating season in both wild and captive rays. Enucleation is indicated when there is an ocular trauma. A 5-year-old female Cownose Ray (Rhinoptera bonasus) from Aquaria of Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre (KLCC) was presented to University Veterinary Hospital (UVH), Universiti Putra Malaysia, with a complaint of protruding left eye, which resulted from crushing into artificial coral during mating season. There were a hyphema in the traumatic left eye, periorbital tissue tear, exposed left eye socket, and multiple abrasions on both pectoral fins. The Cownose was anaesthetized and maintained with isoeugenol and on-field emergency enucleation of the left eye was performed. It was managed medically with postoperative enrofloxacin, tobramycin ointment, and povidone iodine. No suture breakdown and secondary infection were observed at day 7 after enucleation during revisit. At day 24 after enucleation, the Cownose responded well to treatment with excellent healing progression and no surgical complication was observed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Povidone-Iodine
  19. Fulltext Unique Halloysite Nanotubes⁻Polyvinyl Alcohol⁻Polyvinylpyrrolidone Composite Complemented with Physico⁻Chemical Characterization
    Gaaz TS, Kadhum AAH, Michael PKA, Al-Amiery AA, Sulong AB, Nassir MH, et al.
    Polymers (Basel), 2017 Jun 06;9(6).
    PMID: 30970887 DOI: 10.3390/polym9060207
    A halloysite nanotubes⁻polyvinyl alcohol⁻polyvinylpyrrolidone (HNTs⁻PVA⁻PVP) composite has been investigated for a quite long time aiming at improving the physico⁻chemical characterization of HNTs. In this work, HNTs⁻PVA⁻PVP composite were prepared based on a unique procedure characterized by crosslinking two polymers with HNTs. The composite of two polymers were modified by treating HNTs with phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) and by using malonic acid (MA) as a crosslinker. The composite was also treated by adding the dispersion agent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The HNTs⁻PVA⁻PVP composite shows better characteristics regarding agglomeration when HNTs is treated in advance by H₃PO₄. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), brunauer⁻emmett⁻teller (BET), size distribution, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are used to characterize the physio-chemical properties of the composite. FTIR shows additional peaks at 2924.29, 1455.7, and 682.4 cm-1 compared to the neat HNTs due to adding MA. Despite that, the XRD spectra do not show a significant difference, the decrease in peak intensity could be attributed to the addition of semi-crystalline PVA and the amorphous PVP. The images taken by TEM and FESEM show the possible effects of MA on the morphology and internal feature of HNTs⁻PVA⁻PVP composite treated by MA by showing the deformation of the matrix. The BET surface area increased to 121.1 m²/g compared to the neat HNTs at 59.1 m²/g. This result, the second highest recorded result, is considered a breakthrough in enhancing the properties of HNTs⁻PVA⁻PVP composite, and treatment by MA crosslinking may attribute to the size and the number of the pores. The results from these techniques clearly showed that a significant change has occurred for treated HNTs⁻PVA⁻PVP composite where MA was added. The characterization of HNTs⁻PVA⁻PVP composite with and without treating HNTs and using crosslinker may lead to a better understanding of this new composites as a precursor to possible applications in the dentistry field.
    Matched MeSH terms: Povidone
  20. Fulltext The Impact of Polyvinylpyrrolidone on Properties of Cadmium Oxide Semiconductor Nanoparticles Manufactured by Heat Treatment Technique
    Al-Hada NM, Saion E, Talib ZA, Shaari AH
    Polymers (Basel), 2016 Apr 08;8(4).
    PMID: 30979222 DOI: 10.3390/polym8040113
    Cadmium oxide semiconductor nanoparticles were produced using a water based mixture, incorporating cadmium nitrates, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and calcination temperature. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) evaluation was conducted to determine the degree of crystallization of the semiconductor nanoparticles. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conducted to identify the morphological features of the nanoparticles. The typical particle sizes and particle dispersal were analyzed via the use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The findings provided further support for the XRD outcomes. To determine the composition phase, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was conducted, as it indicated the existence of not only metal oxide ionic band in the selection of samples, but also the efficient removal of organic compounds following calcinations. The optical characteristics were demonstrated, so as to analyze the energy band gap via the use of a UV⁻Vis spectrophotometer. A reduced particle size resulted in diminution of the intensity of photoluminescence, was demonstrated by PL spectra. Plus, the magnetic characteristics were examined using an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, which affirmed the existence of unpaired electrons.
    Matched MeSH terms: Povidone
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