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Fulltext Enhancement of β-Mannanase Production by Bacillus subtilis ATCC11774 through Optimization of Medium Composition

Norizan NABM, Halim M, Tan JS, Abbasiliasi S, Mat Sahri M, Othman F, et al.

Molecules, 2020 Jul 31;25(15).
PMID: 32752106 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153516

Palm kernel cake (PKC) has been largely produced in Malaysia as one of the cheap and abundant agro-waste by-products from the palm oil industry and it contains high fiber (mannan) content. The present study aimed to produce β-mannanase by Bacillus subtilis ATCC11774 via optimization of the medium composition using palm kernel cake as substrate in semi-solid fermentation. The fermentation nutrients such as PKC, peptone, yeast extract, sodium chloride, magnesium sulphate (MgSO2), initial culture pH and temperature were screened using a Plackett-Burman design. The three most significant factors identified, PKC, peptone and NaCl, were further optimized using central composite design (CCD), a response surface methodology (RSM) approach, where yeast extract and MgSO2 were fixed as a constant factor. The maximum β-mannanase activity predicted by CCD under the optimum medium composition of 16.50 g/L PKC, 19.59 g/L peptone, 3.00 g/L yeast extract, 2.72 g/L NaCl and 0.2 g/L MgSO2 was 799 U/mL. The validated β-mannanase activity was 805.12 U/mL, which was close to the predicted β-mannanas activity. As a comparison, commercial media such as nutrient broth, M9 and Luria bertani were used for the production of β-mannanase with activities achieved at 204.16 ± 9.21 U/mL, 50.32 U/mL and 88.90 U/mL, respectively. The optimized PKC fermentation medium was four times higher than nutrient broth. Hence, it could be a potential fermentation substrate for the production of β-mannanase activity by Bacillus subtilis ATCC11774.
Cellular uptake and anti-inflammatory effects of palm oil-derived delta (δ)-tocotrienol in microglia

Tan SW, Israf Ali DAB, Khaza'ai H, Wong JW, Vidyadaran S

Cell Immunol, 2020 11;357:104200.
PMID: 32979761 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104200

Tocopherols long dominated studies on vitamin E, although interest has shifted to tocotrienols. It was previously shown that δ-tocotrienol derived from palm oil reduced nitric oxide released by BV2 microglia as early as 18 h after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. The current study measured δ-tocotrienol uptake by BV2 over a 24 h incubation period and its anti-inflammatory effects on primary microglia. Uptake of 17.5 μg/mL δ-tocotrienol by BV2 microglia began as early as 5 min and rose steeply to 21 ± 3% of the amount administered at 24 h. The amount of δ-tocotrienol retained in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia at 24 h was 14 ± 2%, with no substantial difference seen in unstimulated microglia. The same δ-tocotrienol regimen reduced nitric oxide levels by 82% at 24 h after lipopolysaccharide stimulation (p
Ethnic differences in pain perception and patient-controlled analgesia usage for postoperative pain

Tan EC, Lim Y, Teo YY, Goh R, Law HY, Sia AT

J Pain, 2008 Sep;9(9):849-55.
PMID: 18550441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2008.04.004

There are reports suggesting that sensitivity to and tolerance of both clinical and experimental pain differ among ethnic groups. We examined self-rated pain score and morphine usage in 1034 women who underwent elective lower cesarian section (LSCS) for their deliveries. Data on pain scores and amount of total morphine use according to patient-controlled analgesia were collected every 4 hours. Overall, lowest pain scores were recorded 12 hours after surgery and highest at 24 hours. Morphine consumption was highest within the first 4 hours and lowest between 12 and 16 hours. There were statistically significant ethnic group differences in pain scores (P = 1.7 x 10(-7)) and morphine usage (P = 2.8 x 10(-15)) between ethnic groups, with Indians having the highest mean pain score and using the highest amount of morphine. The ethnic differences in pain score and morphine self-administration persisted after controlling for age, body mass index, and duration of operation.
Fulltext The Effects of Adult Ageing and Culture on the Tower of London Task

Phillips LH, Lawrie L, Schaefer A, Tan CY, Yong MH

Front Psychol, 2021;12:631458.
PMID: 33692728 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.631458

Planning ability is important in everyday functioning, and a key measure to assess the preparation and execution of plans is the Tower of London (ToL) task. Previous studies indicate that older adults are often less accurate than the young on the ToL and that there may be cultural differences in performance on the task. However, potential interactions between age and culture have not previously been explored. In the current study we examined the effects of age on ToL performance in an Asian culture (Malaysia) and a Western culture (British) (n = 191). We also explored whether working memory, age, education, and socioeconomic status explained variance in ToL performance across these two cultures. Results indicated that age effects on ToL performance were greater in the Malaysian sample. Subsequent moderated mediation analysis revealed differences between the two cultures (British vs Malaysians), in that the age-related variance in ToL accuracy was accounted for by WM capacity at low and medium education levels only in the Malaysian sample. Demographic variables could not explain additional variance in ToL speed or accuracy. These results may reflect cultural differences in the familiarity and cognitive load of carrying out complex planning tasks.
Characteristics of skin cancers among adult patients in an urban Malaysian population

Han WH, Yong SS, Tan LL, Toh YF, Chew MF, Pailoor J, et al.

Australas J Dermatol, 2019 Nov;60(4):e327-e329.
PMID: 31222718 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13106

There has been a rising incidence of skin cancers among Asians in recent years. We present a retrospective analysis of 106 skin cancers and analysed the demography, clinical subtypes of skin cancers and surgical techniques used for skin cancer treatment. In our population, skin cancers were most frequently basal cell carcinomas and diagnosed among ethnic Chinese patients.
A novel method of determining breast cancer risk using parenchymal textural analysis of mammography images on an Asian cohort

Tan M, Mariapun S, Yip CH, Ng KH, Teo SH

Phys Med Biol, 2019 01 31;64(3):035016.
PMID: 30577031 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aafabd

Historically, breast cancer risk prediction models are based on mammographic density measures, which are dichotomous in nature and generally categorize each voxel or area of the breast parenchyma as 'dense' or 'not dense'. Using these conventional methods, the structural patterns or textural components of the breast tissue elements are not considered or ignored entirely. This study presents a novel method to predict breast cancer risk that combines new texture and mammographic density based image features. We performed a comprehensive study of the correlation of 944 new and conventional texture and mammographic density features with breast cancer risk on a cohort of Asian women. We studied 250 breast cancer cases and 250 controls matched at full-field digital mammography (FFDM) status for age, BMI and ethnicity. Stepwise regression analysis identified relevant features to be included in a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier model, trained and tested using a leave-one-out based cross-validation method. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were used as the two performance assessment indices in our study. For the LDA trained classifier, the adjusted OR was 6.15 (95% confidence interval: 3.55-10.64) and for Volpara volumetric breast density, 1.10 (0.67-1.81). The AUC for the LDA trained classifier was 0.68 (0.64-0.73), compared to 0.52 (0.47-0.57) for Volpara volumetric breast density (p
Impact of phytosterol supplementation on plasma lipoprotein(a) and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Fatahi S, Kord-Varkaneh H, Talaei S, Mardali F, Rahmani J, Ghaedi E, et al.

Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 2019 11;29(11):1168-1175.
PMID: 31582198 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.07.011

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Although some earlier studies have indicated the effect of phytosterol (PS) supplementation on serum lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and free fatty acid (FFA) concentration, findings are still conflicting. We aimed to assess the impact of PS supplementation on serum Lp(a) and FFA concentration through a systematic review and meta-analysis of available RCTs.
METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a systematic search of all available RCTs conducted up to 21 February 2019 in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane. The choice of fixed- or random-effect model for analysis was determined according to the I2 statistic. Effect sizes were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Pooling of 12 effect sizes from seven articles revealed a significant reduction of Lp(a) levels following PS supplementation (MD: -0.025 mg/dl, 95% CI: -0.045, -0.004, p = 0.017) without significant heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.599). Also, PS supplementation significantly lowered FFA (MD: -0.138 mg/dl, 95% CI: -0.195, -0.081, p = 0.000) without significant heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.911). The results for meta-regression and sensitivity analysis were not significant.
CONCLUSION: The meta-analysis suggests that oral PS supplementation could cause a significant reduction in serum Lp(a) and FFA.
Endorsing the redefinition of fatty liver disease

Tan SS, Lee YY, Ali RAR, Mustapha F, Chan WK

Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2021 03;6(3):163.
PMID: 33581757 DOI: 10.1016/S2468-1253(21)00002-9
Proline-Modified UIO-66 as Nanocarriers to Enhance Candida rugosa Lipase Catalytic Activity and Stability for Electrochemical Detection of Nitrofen

Cheng Y, Lai OM, Tan CP, Panpipat W, Cheong LZ, Shen C

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2021 Jan 27;13(3):4146-4155.
PMID: 33440928 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17134

Immobilization can be used to improve the stability of lipases and enhances lipase recovery and reusability, which increases its commercial value and industrial applications. Nevertheless, immobilization frequently causes conformational changes of the lipases, which decrease lipase catalytic activity. in the present work, we synthesized UIO-66 and grafted UIO-66 crystals with proline for immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL). As indicated by steady-state fluorescence microscopy, grafting of proline onto UIO-66 crystals induced beneficial conformational change in CRL. CRL immobilized on UIO-66/Pro (CRL@UIO-66/Pro) demonstrated higher enzyme activity and better recyclability than that immobilized on UIO-66 (CRL@UIO-66) in both hydrolysis (CRL@UIO-66/Pro: 0.34 U; CRL@UIO-66: 0.15 U) and transesterification (CRL@UIO-66/Pro: 0.93 U; CRL@UIO-66: 0.25 U) reactions. The higher values of kcat and kcat/Km of CRL@UIO-66/Pro also showed that it had better catalytic efficiency as compared to CRL@UIO-66. It is also worth noting that CRL@UIO-66/Pro (0.93 U) demonstrated a much higher transesterification activity as compared to free CRL (0.11 U), indicating that UIO-66/Pro has increased the solvent stability of CRL. Both CRL@UIO-66 and CRL@UIO-66/Pro were also used for the fabrication of biosensors for nitrofen with a wide linear range (0-100 μM), lower limit of detection, and good recovery rate.
Fulltext Utilization of acid pre-treated coconut dregs as a substrate for production of detergent compatible lipase by Bacillus stratosphericus

Mohd Zin NB, Mohamad Yusof B, Oslan SN, Wasoh H, Tan JS, Ariff AB, et al.

AMB Express, 2017 Dec;7(1):131.
PMID: 28651380 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0433-y

In recent years, many efforts have been directed to explore the methods to reduce the production costs of industrial lipase by improving the yield and the use of low-cost agricultural wastes. Coconut dregs, which is a lignocellulosic by-product from coconut oil and milk processing plants, is rich in cellulose (36%) and crude fat (9%). A newly isolated Bacillus stratosphericus has been demonstrated to perform cellulose hydrolysis on coconut dregs producing fermentable sugars. The highest extracellular lipase activity of 140 U/mL has been achieved in submerged fermentation with acid pre-treated coconut dregs. The lipase was found to be active over a wide range of temperatures and pHs. The activity of lipase can be generally increased by the presence of detergent ingredients such as Tween-80, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, hydrogen peroxide and phosphate per sulphate. The great compatibility of lipase in commercial detergents has also underlined its potential as an additive ingredient in biodetergent formulations.
Fulltext MicroRNA-124a inhibits endoderm lineage commitment by targeting Sox17 and Gata6 in mouse embryonic stem cells

Liew LC, Gailhouste L, Tan GC, Yamamoto Y, Takeshita F, Nakagama H, et al.

Stem Cells, 2020 04;38(4):504-515.
PMID: 31828873 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3136

The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) during mouse early development, especially in endoderm germ layer formation, is largely unknown. Here, via miRNA profiling during endoderm differentiation, we discovered that miR-124a negatively regulates endoderm lineage commitment in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). To further investigate the functional role of miR-124a in early stages of differentiation, transfection of embryoid bodies with miR-124a mimic was performed. We showed that overexpression of miR-124a inhibits endoderm differentiation in vitro through targeting the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of Sox17 and Gata6, revealing the existence of interplay between miR-124a and the Sox17/Gata6 transcription factors in hepato-specific gene regulation. In addition, we presented a feasible in vivo system that utilizes teratoma and gene expression profiling from microarray to quantitatively evaluate the functional role of miRNA in lineage specification. We demonstrated that ectopic expression of miR-124a in teratomas by intratumor delivery of miR-124a mimic and Atelocollagen, significantly suppressed endoderm and mesoderm lineage differentiation while augmenting the differentiation into ectoderm lineage. Collectively, our findings suggest that miR-124a plays a significant role in mESCs lineage commitment.
Streptomyces sanglieri which colonised and enhanced the growth of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. seedlings was antagonistic to Ganoderma boninense in in vitro studies

Nur Azura AB, Yusoff M, Tan GY, Jegadeesh R, Appleton DR, Vikineswary S

J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol, 2016 Apr;43(4):485-93.
PMID: 26721619 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1724-4

Actinomycete strain AUM 00500 was 99.5 % similar to Streptomyces sanglieri NBRC 100784(T) and was evaluated for antagonistic activity towards Ganoderma boninense, the causative fungus of basal stem rot of oil palm. The strain showed strong antifungal activity towards G. boninense in in vitro and SEM analysis showed various modes of inhibition of the fungus. Ethyl acetate extracts of single culture and inhibition zone of cross-plug culture by HPLC indicated that strain AUM 00500 produced two different antibiotics of the glutarimide group namely cycloheximide and actiphenol. In greenhouse trials, oil palm seed treated with spores of S. sanglieri strain AUM 00500 at 10(9) cfu/ml showed significant (P
Evaluation of BP-M-CPF4 polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase on the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) from plant oil using Cupriavidus necator transformants

Tan HT, Chek MF, Lakshmanan M, Foong CP, Hakoshima T, Sudesh K

Int J Biol Macromol, 2020 Sep 15;159:250-257.
PMID: 32417540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.064

Among the various types of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate] [P(3HB-co-3HHx)] has a high potential to serve as commercial bioplastic due to its striking resemblance to petroleum-based plastics. In this study, five different genotypes of Cupriavidusnecator transformants harbouring the phaCBP-M-CPF4 gene (including PHB¯4/pBBR1-CBP-M-CPF4) were developed to evaluate the efficiency of 3HHx monomer incorporation. The fraction of 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx) monomer that was incorporated into the PHA synthesized by these C. necator transformants using palm oil as the sole carbon source, was examined. Overall, co-expression of enoyl-CoA hydratase gene (phaJ1) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, along with PHA synthase (PhaC), increased the 3HHx composition in the PHA copolymer. The differences in the enzyme activities of β-ketothiolase (PhaACn) and NADPH-dependent acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (PhaBCn) of the C. necator mutant hosts used in this study, were observed to alter the 3HHx composition and molecular weight of the PHA copolymer produced. The 3HHx fractions in the P(3HB-co-3HHx) produced by these C. necator transformants ranged between 1 and 18 mol%, while the weight-average molecular weight ranged from 0.7 × 106 to 1.8 × 106 Da. PhaCBP-M-CPF4 displayed a typical initial lag-phase and a relatively low synthase activity in the in vitro enzyme assay, which is thought to be the reason for the higher molecular weights of PHA obtained in this study.
Attitudes toward epilepsy in East Malaysia using the Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (PATE) scale

Chia ZJ, Lim KS, Fong SL, Sim RS, Rajahram GS, Narayanan V, et al.

Epilepsy Behav, 2020 09;110:107158.
PMID: 32512367 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107158

BACKGROUND: Epilepsy stigma is an important issue affecting people with epilepsy (PWE) in various social aspects of life. Most studies on stigma were among the metropolitan population but rarely on indigenous people. Hence, this study aimed to understand the attitudes toward epilepsy of the East Malaysians, comparing with the West Malaysians previously reported.
METHOD: This study was performed among the indigenous people in Kuching and Sibu (Sarawak) and Kota Kinabalu (Sabah) using the Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (PATE) scale. A higher score indicates poorer attitude.
RESULT: A total of 360 respondents (41.7% Kadazan-Dusun, 30.6% Bidayuh, and 24.7% Iban) aged 34.6 ± 12.6 years completed the questionnaire. They were predominantly females and had lower education level and income compared with the West Malaysians. The Sabah population had significantly lower mean scores (better attitudes) than those in Sarawak, in both personal and general domains (p 
Ab-Externo Implantation of XEN Gel Stent for Refractory Steroid-Induced Glaucoma After Lamellar Keratoplasty

Tan SY, Md Din N, Mohd Khialdin S, Wan Abdul Halim WH, Tang SF

Cureus, 2021 Feb 12;13(2):e13320.
PMID: 33738163 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13320

The hazy corneal donor-recipient interface after corneal transplant may cause difficulties when implanting the XEN gel stent via ab-interno approach. We aim to describe XEN gel stent implantation via ab-externo approach in refractory steroid-induced glaucoma after corneal lamellar keratoplasty. Under local anaesthesia, the XEN injector needle was inserted 7 mm behind the limbus with the bevel facing up, directly beneath the conjunctiva and advanced to the marked 2.5 mm scleral entry wound. The needle then pierced the sclera until the needle tip was just visible in the anterior chamber (AC). The slider was pushed until the tip of the XEN stent was seen in the AC. The needle was slowly withdrawn while still pushing the slider to complete stent deployment. Subconjunctival Mitomycin C 0.01% (30 µg/0.3 mL) was then injected posterior to the bleb. Three eyes of three patients with steroid-induced glaucoma after lamellar keratoplasty underwent XEN gel stent implantation via ab-externo approach placed at the superotemporal quadrant. Pre-operatively, all patients had uncontrolled IOP between 30-45 mmHg despite maximum medications and selective laser trabeculoplasty. After XEN gel stent implantation, IOP ranged between 10-17 mmHg with one or two topical antiglaucoma at 12 months. Complications include hypotony maculopathy, stent migration and hyphaema, all of which were successfully managed. Corneal graft remained clear at 12 months. XEN gel stent implantation via ab-externo approach is able to achieve good intraocular pressure (IOP) control without compromising cornea graft in patients with steroid-induced glaucoma after lamellar keratoplasty at 12 months.
CHILD syndrome in a Malaysian adult with identification of a novel heterozygous missense mutation NSDHL c.602A>G

Tang MM, Tan WC, Surana U, Leong KF, Pramano ZAD

Int J Dermatol, 2021 Apr;60(4):e154-e156.
PMID: 33169834 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15296
Current knowledge of taxonomy, physiology and chemical ecology about Bactrocera dorsalis and its related species with comments to Wu et al. (2020)

Hee AK, Wee SL, Ono H, Nishida R, Tan KH

Mol Phylogenet Evol, 2021 03;156:107019.
PMID: 33248203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107019
Fulltext Pre-surgical COVID-19 swabs in surgical patients: An institutional experience in a middle income country

Xavier RG, Roslani AC, Draman Yusof MR, Ng DS, Govindaraju R, Singh S, et al.

Asian J Surg, 2021 03;44(3):560-561.
PMID: 33627224 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2020.11.028
Isolation by the 5' anchored PCR technique and characterization of eighteen microsatellite loci in horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas)

Ling LP, Adibah AB, Tan SG, Christianus A, Faridah QZ

J Genet, 2011 Dec;90(3):e101-4.
PMID: 22232191
Molecular sex identification of painted storks (Mycteria leucocephala): using FTA cards, horizontal PAGE and quick silver staining

Yee EY, Zainuddin ZZ, Ismail A, Yap CK, Tan SG

J Genet, 2013 Apr;92(1):e15-8.
PMID: 23628715

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