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  1. Fulltext Method optimization on the process of Iontophoresis with laser doppler fluximetry in the assessment of microvascular endothelial function
    Belqes Abdullah, A. T., Yvonne, T. G. B., Ahmad, S. H., Abdul Aziz, A. S. I., Aida, H. G. R.
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2011;7(1):35-40.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Iontophoresis of vasoactive substances such as acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) combined with Laser Doppler fluximetry (LDF) is a non-invasive tool used to determine microvascular endothelial function. This study aims to test the effect of sodium chloride on
    non-specific vasodilatation when used as a vehicle in the process of iontophoresis. This study also aims to define the number of current pulses needed to get the maximum effect during iontophoresis with ACh and SNP using low current strength. Methods: The experiment was conducted in five healthy females. Baseline skin perfusion was taken before administration of seven current pulses. Current strength of 0.007 mA and current density of 0.01 mA/cm2 were used. Acetylcholine was used to assess endothelial dependent vasodilatation, while SNP was used to assess endothelial independent vasodilatation. The mean skin perfusion (AU) responses to the iontophoresis of ACh at the anodal and SNP at the cathode leads were recorded. Sodium chloride (0.9%) was used as a vehicle to obtain concentration of 1% for both ACh and SNP. Iontophoresis of pure vehicle (NaCl) was conducted on a separate day to observe the effect of vehicle only on the iontophoresis process at both anode and cathode. Results: Iontophoresis of NaCl showed no significant increase in perfusion compared to baseline at both anode and cathode. Significant increases in skin perfusion were observed with SNP and ACh; a plateau of ACh was reached from the 3rd pulse onwards; while the plateau of SNP was reached from the 4th pulse onwards. Conclusion: NaCl could be used as a vehicle for Ach and SNP during iontophoresis as it did not cause non-specific vasodilatation. Using five current pulses are adequate for iontophoresis of ACh and SNP to assess microvascular endothelial function.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Rate
  2. Optimization and development of Maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) filled poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) electrospun nanofibers using Taguchi orthogonal array for tissue engineering heart valve
    Fallahiarezoudar E, Ahmadipourroudposht M, Idris A, Yusof NM
    Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2017 Jul 01;76:616-627.
    PMID: 28482571 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.120
    Tissue engineering (TE) is an advanced principle to develop a neotissue that can resemble the original tissue characteristics with the capacity to grow, to repair and to remodel in vivo. This research proposed the optimization and development of nanofiber based scaffold using the new mixture of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) filled poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) for tissue engineering heart valve (TEHV). The chemical, structural, biological and mechanical properties of nanofiber based scaffold were characterized in terms of morphology, porosity, biocompatibility and mechanical behaviour. Two-level Taguchi experimental design (L8) was performed to optimize the electrospun mats in terms of elastic modulus using uniaxial tensile test where the studied parameters were flow rate, voltage, percentage of maghemite nanoparticles in the content, solution concentration and collector rotating speed. Each run was extended with an outer array to consider the noise factors. The signal-to-noise ratio analysis indicated the contribution percent as follow; Solution concentration>voltage>maghemite %>rotating speed>flow rate. The optimum elastic modulus founded to be 28.13±0.37MPa in such a way that the tensile strain was 31.72% which provided desirability for TEHV. An empirical model was extracted and verified using confirmation test. Furthermore, an ultrafine quality of electrospun nanofibers with 80.32% porosity was fabricated. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and cell attachment using human aortic smooth muscle cells exhibited desirable migration and proliferation over the electrospun mats. The interaction between blood content and the electrospun mats indicated a mutual adaption in terms of clotting time and hemolysis percent. Overall, the fabricated scaffold has the potential to provide the required properties of aortic heart valve.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Valves
  3. Fulltext Physical training improved cardiovascular fitness level among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
    Vengatasubramani, M., Vikram, M.
    Medicine & Health, 2014;9(2):109-113.
    MyJurnal
    Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are reported to have cardiovascular instability which leads to greater limitation for activities there by leads to poor quality of life. Physical training proved to be one of the moderators of these limitations. However, uncertainty prevails among the protocol and duration. The present study investigated the effect of physical training on blood pressure, heart rate and Rate pressure Product (RPP) among COPD patients. A total of thirty COPD patients aged between 40 to 55 years were recruited for the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were assigned in to experimental group (15 patients) and control group (15 patients). The mean difference of blood pressure, heart rate and RPP were analyzed using paired t-test. There was significant difference between the pre and post test values of all parameters between experimental and control group with p< 0.05. Diastolic blood pressure showed to be less significant compared to the systolic blood pressure. This showed that specifically designed physical improved the cardiovascular fitness among COPD patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Rate
  4. Fulltext A Study of House Officers in a Teaching Hospital on Knowledge, Perception of Skills and Confidence Level in
    Ismail Mohd Saiboon, Noraliza Mohd Ariffin, Teodoro Javier Herbosa, Ahmad Khaldun Ismail, Nariman Singmamae, Shamsuriani Md Jamal, et al.
    Medicine & Health, 2007;2(2):110-116.
    MyJurnal
    Cardio-pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is important and should be mastered by House Officers (HO). House officers who have just completed their studies are assigned to acute medical and surgical wards. If a patient in the ward has a cardiac arrest (CA), these doctors are usually the first to attend.  Therefore an HO must be confident with CPR skills. They must be competent in performing CPR. The authors assessed 26 new HOs from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Hospital (HUKM) with respect to their self-perception about CPR skills, confidence level in performing CPR and knowledge in performing CPR. Knowledge was assessed by a questionnaire. We found that 16 of 26 (61.5%) assessed themselves to have inadequate knowledge and 46.2% had no confidence in performing CPR. The mean score of the written test was 5.7 ± 1.8. Seven out of 26 (27.0%) HOs had incorrect hand placement position for CPR. Only 4 and 9 out of 26 HOs had their sternal paddle and cardiac apex paddle positions correctly placed respectively. In conclusion, knowledge, perception of skills and confidence levels of HOs on CPR are inadequate and need further assessment and improvement. Medical schools need to review their CPR curriculum in order to prepare HOs adequately to work in emergency situations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Arrest
  5. Fulltext Consequences of rising humidity level on circulatory responses during prolonged intense exercise
    Ahmad Munir Che Muhamed, Thompson, Martin William
    Movement Health & Exercise, 2012;1(1):11-23.
    MyJurnal
    The combined metabolic and thermoregulatory demands experienced during exercise in the heat impose an exceptional stress on the circulatory system. To date, much of what is known about circulatory stress during exercise in the heat has focused on primarily dry environment (~ 40% rh)
    with limited studies carried in higher humidity (> 60% rh) conditions. This study was designed to investigate the influence of humid condition on circulatory responses during prolonged intense running exercise among elite runners. On separate days, 11 male elite runners ran for 60 minutes at
    an intensity of 70% max across three different humidity levels of HH (71% rh), NH (43% rh) and LH (26.2% rh) with the ambient temperature set at 300C. Thermal stress was found to increase during exercise in the HH condition as both Tre and Tsk steadily rise across time. Circulatory stress markedly increased during exercise in higher humidity levels. Heart rate was significantly higher in the HH condition with its level increasing to 92% of HRmax. The upwards drift in HR was significantly higher in HH within the last ten minutes of exercise. Contrary, stroke volume recorded a
    steady decline during exercise with a significantly lower SV in the HH as compared with the NH and LH. Results implicate rising humidity level will impose greater circulatory stress during prolonged intense exercise. The consequence from this circulatory stress will result in limited ability for an athlete to sustain his exercise capacity when HR reaches maximal level.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Rate
  6. Fulltext A Combination of Tachycardia-Mediated Heart Failure and Coronary Artery Vasospasm-Induced Silent Myocardial Infarction in a Patient with Severe Thyrotoxicosis
    Khoo SSK, Chu CM, Fung YK
    Case Rep Cardiol, 2018;2018:4827907.
    PMID: 29713551 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4827907
    Severe thyrotoxicosis can present with a myriad of cardiovascular complications. It may be mild features such as palpitations, tachycardia, and exertional dyspnea or may progress to life-threatening consequences such as atrial fibrillation, tachyarrhythmias, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and shock. In rare cases, they may present with myocardial ischemia secondary to coronary artery vasospasm. We report a case of a 59-year-old Malay gentleman who presented with fast atrial fibrillation and tachycardia-mediated heart failure that evolved to a silent myocardial infarction secondary to severe coronary artery vasospasm with undiagnosed severe thyrotoxicosis. He had complete resolution of heart failure and no further recurrence of coronary artery vasospasm once treatment for thyrotoxicosis was initiated and euthyroidism achieved. This life-threatening consequence has an excellent prognosis if recognised early and treated promptly.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Failure
  7. Fulltext Acute and emergency care for thyrotoxicosis and thyroid storm
    Idrose AM
    Acute medicine & surgery, 2015 07;2(3):147-157.
    PMID: 29123713 DOI: 10.1002/ams2.104
    Thyroid hormones affect all organ systems and, in excess, can cause increased metabolic rate, heart rate, ventricle contractility, and gastrointestinal motility as well as muscle and central nervous system excitability. Thyroid storm is the extreme manifestation of thyrotoxicosis with an estimated incidence of 0.20 per 100,000 per year among hospitalized patients in Japan. The mortality of thyroid storm without treatment ranges from 80% to 100%; but with treatment, the mortality rate is between 10% and 50%. The diagnostic strategy for thyroid storm may take into consideration Burch-Wartofsky scoring or Akamizu's diagnostic criteria. Multiple treatment aims need to be addressed in managing thyroid storm effectively. This paper puts together all aspects to be considered for the management of hyperthyroidism and thyroid storm during the acute and emergency phase as well as consideration of special populations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Rate
  8. Automated detection of atrial fibrillation using long short-term memory network with RR interval signals
    Faust O, Shenfield A, Kareem M, San TR, Fujita H, Acharya UR
    Comput Biol Med, 2018 11 01;102:327-335.
    PMID: 30031535 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.07.001
    Atrial Fibrillation (AF), either permanent or intermittent (paroxysnal AF), increases the risk of cardioembolic stroke. Accurate diagnosis of AF is obligatory for initiation of effective treatment to prevent stroke. Long term cardiac monitoring improves the likelihood of diagnosing paroxysmal AF. We used a deep learning system to detect AF beats in Heart Rate (HR) signals. The data was partitioned with a sliding window of 100 beats. The resulting signal blocks were directly fed into a deep Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). The system was validated and tested with data from the MIT-BIH Atrial Fibrillation Database. It achieved 98.51% accuracy with 10-fold cross-validation (20 subjects) and 99.77% with blindfold validation (3 subjects). The proposed system structure is straight forward, because there is no need for information reduction through feature extraction. All the complexity resides in the deep learning system, which gets the entire information from a signal block. This setup leads to the robust performance for unknown data, as measured with the blind fold validation. The proposed Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system can be used for long-term monitoring of the human heart. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed system is the first to incorporate deep learning for AF beat detection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Rate
  9. Automated diagnosis of arrhythmia using combination of CNN and LSTM techniques with variable length heart beats
    Oh SL, Ng EYK, Tan RS, Acharya UR
    Comput Biol Med, 2018 11 01;102:278-287.
    PMID: 29903630 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.06.002
    Arrhythmia is a cardiac conduction disorder characterized by irregular heartbeats. Abnormalities in the conduction system can manifest in the electrocardiographic (ECG) signal. However, it can be challenging and time-consuming to visually assess the ECG signals due to the very low amplitudes. Implementing an automated system in the clinical setting can potentially help expedite diagnosis of arrhythmia, and improve the accuracies. In this paper, we propose an automated system using a combination of convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) for diagnosis of normal sinus rhythm, left bundle branch block (LBBB), right bundle branch block (RBBB), atrial premature beats (APB) and premature ventricular contraction (PVC) on ECG signals. The novelty of this work is that we used ECG segments of variable length from the MIT-BIT arrhythmia physio bank database. The proposed system demonstrated high classification performance in the handling of variable-length data, achieving an accuracy of 98.10%, sensitivity of 97.50% and specificity of 98.70% using ten-fold cross validation strategy. Our proposed model can aid clinicians to detect common arrhythmias accurately on routine screening ECG.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Conduction System
  10. Quercetin ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the heart of streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced adult male diabetic rats
    Roslan J, Giribabu N, Karim K, Salleh N
    Biomed Pharmacother, 2017 Feb;86:570-582.
    PMID: 28027533 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.044
    Quercetin is known to possess beneficial effects in ameliorating diabetic complications, however the mechanisms underlying cardioprotective effect of this compound in diabetes is not fully revealed. In this study, quercetin effect on oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the heart in diabetes were investigated. Normal and streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced adult male diabetic rats received quercetin (10, 25 and 50mg/kg/bw) orally for 28days were anesthetized and hemodynamic parameters i.e. systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured. Blood was collected for analyses of fasting glucose (FBG), insulin and cardiac injury marker levels (troponin-C, CK-MB and LDH). Following sacrificed, heart was harvested and histopathological changes were observed. Heart was subjected for analyses of oxidative stress marker i.e. lipid peroxidation and activity and expression levels of anti-oxidative enzymes i.e. SOD, CAT and GPx. Levels of inflammation in the heart were determined by measuring nuclear factor (p65-NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels by using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Distribution and expression levels of TNF-α and Ikk-β (inflammatory markers), caspase-3, caspase-9, Blc-2 and Bax (apoptosis markers) in the heart were identified by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart/drug effects*; Heart Rate/drug effects
  11. Fulltext Heart failure in patients presenting with dyspnoea to the emergency department in the Asia Pacific region: an observational study
    Keijzers G, Kelly AM, Cullen L, Klim S, Graham CA, Craig S, et al.
    BMJ Open, 2017 02 28;7(2):e013812.
    PMID: 28246137 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013812
    OBJECTIVES: To describe demographic features, assessment, management and outcomes of patients who were diagnosed with heart failure after presenting to an emergency department (ED) with a principal symptom of dyspnoea.

    DESIGN: Planned substudy of the prospective, descriptive cohort study: Asia, Australia and New Zealand Dyspnoea in Emergency Departments (AANZDEM).

    SETTING: 46 EDs in Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong and Malaysia collected data over 3 72-hour periods in May, August and October 2014.

    PARTICIPANTS: Patients with an ED diagnosis of heart failure.

    OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcomes included patient epidemiology, investigations ordered, treatment modalities used and patient outcomes (hospital length of stay (LOS) and mortality).

    RESULTS: 455 (14.9%) of the 3044 patients had an ED diagnosis of heart failure. Median age was 79 years, half were male and 62% arrived via ambulance. 392 (86%) patients were admitted to hospital. ED diagnosis was concordant with hospital discharge diagnosis in 81% of cases. Median hospital LOS was 6 days (IQR 4-9) and in-hospital mortality was 5.1%. Natriuretic peptide levels were ordered in 19%, with lung ultrasound (<1%) and echocardiography (2%) uncommonly performed. Treatment modalities included non-invasive ventilation (12%), diuretics (73%), nitrates (25%), antibiotics (16%), inhaled β-agonists (13%) and corticosteroids (6%).

    CONCLUSIONS: In the Asia Pacific region, heart failure is a common diagnosis among patients presenting to the ED with a principal symptom of dyspnoea. Admission rates were high and ED diagnostic accuracy was good. Despite the seemingly suboptimal adherence to investigation and treatment guidelines, patient outcomes were favourable compared with other registries.

    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Failure/diagnosis*; Heart Failure/epidemiology*; Heart Failure/therapy
  12. Clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients admitted for heart failure: A 5-year retrospective study of African patients
    Bonsu KO, Owusu IK, Buabeng KO, Reidpath DD, Kadirvelu A
    Int J Cardiol, 2017 Jul 01;238:128-135.
    PMID: 28318656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.03.014
    BACKGROUND: Mortality associated with heart failure (HF) remains high. There are limited clinical data on mortality among HF patients from African populations. We examined the clinical characteristics, long-term outcomes, and prognostic factors of African HF patients with preserved, mid-range or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

    METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of individuals aged ≥18years discharged from first HF admission between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2013 from the Cardiac Clinic, Directorate of Medicine of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana. A total of 1488 patients diagnosed of HF were included in the analysis. Of these, 345 patients (23.2%) had reduced LVEF (LVEF<40%) [HFrEF], 265(17.8%) with mid-range LVEF (40%≥LVEF<50%) [HFmEF] and 878 (59.0%) had preserved LVEF (LVEF≥50%) [HFpEF]. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test demonstrated better prognosis for HFpEF compared to HFrEF and HFmEF patients. An adjusted Cox analysis showed a significantly lower risk of mortality for HFpEF (hazard ratio (HR); 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57-0.94) p=0.015). Multivariate analyses showed that age, higher New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, lower LVEF, chronic kidney disease, atrial fibrillation, anemia, diabetes mellitus and absence of statin and aldosterone antagonist treatment were independent predictors of mortality in HF. Although, prognostic factors varied across the three groups, age was a common predictor of mortality in HFpEF and HFmEF.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study identified the clinical characteristics, long-term mortality and prognostic factors of African HF patients with reduced, mid-range and preserved ejection fractions in a clinical setting.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Failure/diagnosis*; Heart Failure/epidemiology*; Heart Failure/physiopathology
  13. Inferior vena cava and intra-cardiac invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma: a rare but catastrophic complication
    Peter CA, Anand Swaroop U, Wong BS
    Med J Malaysia, 2017 02;72(1):58-59.
    PMID: 28255143
    Intra-cardiac extension of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an uncommon but serious condition related to poor prognosis. We report a 57-year-old male diagnosed with HCC with intra-cardiac extension into the right atrium at presentation. There were no symptoms related to cardiac involvement and intra-cardiac extension was incidentally noted on radiological imaging. He was offered palliative treatment and succumbed to his disease within 50 days of first diagnosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Atria
  14. Fulltext Analysis the influence of heart rate and muscle activity towards muscle fatique in layup workers
    Noor'Ain Azizan, Seri Rahayu Kamat, Nur Syafiqah Rayme, Ruzy Haryati Hambali
    Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 2018;11(1):99-107.
    MyJurnal
    Repetitive movement can lead to the pain muscle, nerves, and tendons that cause by
    repetitive overuse of working task. The muscle will fatigue due to; repetitive
    movement, force that been applied, posture during working and duration of working.
    The stress level during working can influent the energy performance usage during
    working. The aim of this paper is to analyse the influence of heart rate and muscle
    activity of workers in composite manufacturing towards muscle fatigue. The data was
    collected for a worker in hand layup department and the Qualitative method was used
    in a way to investigate the working load and level of pain received by their body. Then,
    the Qualitative data was sorted and the respondent proceeded for a Quantitative
    method which involves muscle activity analysis and heart rate analysis. The tools that
    were used to conduct these experiments were surface electromyography (sEMG),
    Wristwatch with chest strap and perceived stress scale (PSS). The experimentation
    used to calculate the average reading of heart rate and muscle activity during working
    and detect the duration the muscle to start fatigue. Moreover, this paper analysed the
    relationship between heart rate and muscle activity through the duration of working.
    As an overall finding of this research, it was shown that the heart rate of the workers
    influence the muscle activity of workers and has high potential relationship to the
    fatigue of muscles of the workers in the layup department.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Rate
  15. Fulltext Potential of small entrepreneurs to implement entrepreneurial skills using HRV Biofeedback
    Nazrolnizah Mohamad Noorzeli, Muhammad Nubli Abdul Wahab
    Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2017;2(1):66-77.
    MyJurnal
    The ability to enhance the entrepreneurial skills of small entrepreneurs is the key factor to the increase
    in business. Nevertheless, previous literature showed that there is less current study which focused on
    the methods to improve entrepreneurial skills using Biofeedback techniques among entrepreneurs in
    Malaysia. Thus, this study was aimed to: 1) Identifying the demographic background of small
    entrepreneurs, 2) Identify management capabilities among entrepreneurs in entrepreneurial skills and 3) Identify the profile of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) among small entrepreneurs through increased the
    HF coherence. A total of 50 respondents of small entrepreneurs were recruited in this study. The data
    collected involved a questionnaire survey with participants, profit and sales analysis and analysis of
    HRV. Statistical correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between entrepreneurial
    skills and business insights from the point of HRV. The finding shows that there is a very strong
    relationship between the increases in entrepreneurial skills from an increase in business with the profile
    of HRV among participants with the score of 0.80-1.00. This showed that HRV Biofeedback training
    technique is appropriate to be used as an intervention program to increse entrepreneurship skills among
    small entrepreneurs in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Rate
  16. Fulltext Independent origin of anterior interventricular and left marginal arteries from the left posterior aortic sinus
    Shetty P, Nayak SB
    Anat Cell Biol, 2019 Sep;52(3):340-343.
    PMID: 31598365 DOI: 10.5115/acb.19.018
    We present a unique, unreported variation of the left coronary artery. During dissection classes for first-year medical students, we observed the absence of left coronary artery in an adult male cadaver aged approximately 78 years. The left aortic sinus was dilated and it gave origin to anterior interventricular and left marginal arteries independently. Left marginal artery was large and the circumflex artery arose from it. There were two independent opening for anterior interventricular and left marginal arteries in the left posterior aortic sinus. No variations were found in the origin and branching pattern of right coronary artery and the walls and chambers of the heart.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart
  17. Fulltext The rehydration potential of zea mays juice compared to carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage
    Azimah Ahmad, Normah Jusoh, Ruaibah Yazani Tengah
    Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 2018;7(2):113-119.
    MyJurnal
    The purpose of rehydration is to replace fluid and electrolyte losses. Carbohydrates and sodium are the main nutrient sources for rehydration. The presence of protein aids the rehydration process and thereby promoting muscle synthesis. Zea mays had been identified as one of the potential food sources that could be an alternative recovery beverage. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of Zea mays (ZM) juice as an alternative rehydration beverage. A total of 15 male participants were involved in this study. They were required to cycle to 70-80% of their age predicted maximum heart rate until they were dehydrated (1.8-2% body weight loss). Then they were given either ZM juice or CE drink in an amount representing 150% of their initial body weight loss. After 4-hours of rest with no other food allowed, their USG and percentage of fluid retention were calculated. Results showed that ZM juice had better retention and demonstrated well hydrated USG readings compared to CE drink. Therefore, ZM juice has the potential to be an alternative rehydration beverage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Rate
  18. Impact of myocardial infarction on intraventricular vortex and flow energetics assessed using computational simulations
    Chan BT, Ahmad Bakir A, Al Abed A, Dokos S, Leong CN, Ooi EH, et al.
    Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng, 2019 06;35(6):e3204.
    PMID: 30912313 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3204
    Flow energetics have been proposed as early indicators of progressive left ventricular (LV) functional impairment in patients with myocardial infarction (MI), but its correlation with individual MI parameters has not been fully explored. Using electro-fluid-structure interaction LV models, this study investigated the correlation between four MI parameters: infarct size, infarct multiplicity, regional enhancement of contractility at the viable myocardium area (RECVM), and LV mechanical dyssynchrony (LVMD) with intraventricular vortex and flow energetics. In LV with small infarcts, our results showed that infarct appearance amplified the energy dissipation index (DI), where substantial viscous energy loss was observed in areas with high flow velocity and near the infarct-vortex interface. The LV with small multiple infarcts and RECVM showed remarkable DI increment during systole and diastole. In correlation analysis, the systolic kinetic energy fluctuation index (E') was positively related to ejection fraction (EF) (R2  = 0.982) but negatively correlated with diastolic E' (R2  = 0.970). Diastolic E' was inversely correlated with vortex kinetic energy (R2  = 0.960) and vortex depth (R2  = 0.876). We showed an excessive systolic DI could differentiate infarcted LV with normal EF from healthy LV. Strong flow acceleration, LVMD, and vortex-infarct interactions were predominant factors that induced excessive DI in infarcted LVs. Instead of causing undesired flow turbulence, high systolic E' suggested the existence of energetic flow acceleration, while high diastolic E' implied an inefficient diastolic filling. Thus, systolic E' is not a suitable early indicator for progressive LV dysfunction in MI patients, while diastolic E' may be a useful index to indicate diastolic impairment in these patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Ventricles
  19. Fulltext Towards health monitoring using remote heart rate measurement using digital camera: A feasibility study
    Hassan MA, Malik AS, Fofi D, Karasfi B, Meriaudeau F
    Measurement : journal of the International Measurement Confederation, 2020 Jan;149:106804.
    PMID: 32287815 DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2019.07.032
    The paper presents a feasibility study for heart rate measurement using a digital camera to perform health monitoring. The feasibility study investigates the reliability of the state of the art heart rate measuring methods in realistic situations. Therefore, an experiment was designed and carried out on 45 subjects to investigate the effects caused by illumination, motion, skin tone, and distance variance. The experiment was conducted for two main scenarios; human-computer interaction scenario and health monitoring scenario. The human-computer scenario investigated the effects caused by illumination variance, motion variance, and skin tone variance. The health monitoring scenario investigates the feasibility of health monitoring at public spaces (i.e. airports, subways, malls). Five state of the art heart rate measuring methods were re-implemented and tested with the feasibility study database. The results were compared with ground truth to estimate the heart rate measurement error. The heart rate measurement error was analyzed using mean error, standard deviation; root means square error and Pearson correlation coefficient. The findings of this experiment inferred promising results for health monitoring of subjects standing at a distance of 500 cm.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Rate
  20. Fetal Atrial Ectopic Rhythm Detected Using Handheld Doppler
    Mohd Jalil R, Radzi NS, Yahaya Z, Muhar M
    Malays Fam Physician, 2020;15(1):50-53.
    PMID: 32284806
    Atrial ectopic rhythm is one of the most common fetal arrhythmias that can present during the prenatal period. Detection of fetal arrhythmia can be made by auscultating fetal heart rate and rhythm using a fetal handheld Doppler, and this can be done even in a resource-limited setting. The finding of an abnormal fetal heart rate and rhythm should prompt early referral to a pediatric cardiologist, as this may improve clinical outcomes. We present a case of atrial ectopic rhythm detected in utero using a handheld Doppler.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Rate, Fetal
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