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Influence of Incorporated Barium Ion on the Physio-Chemical Properties of Zinc Oxide Nanodisks Synthesized via a Sonochemical Process

Sagadevan S, Vennila S, Suraiya Begum SN, Wahab YA, Hamizi NAB, Marlinda AR, et al.

J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2020 09 01;20(9):5452-5457.
PMID: 32331117 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2020.17855

Nanostructure materials are of interest in last few decades due to their unique size-dependent physio-chemical properties. In this paper, zinc oxide (ZnO) and barium doped ZnO nanodisks (NDs) were synthesized using sonochemical method and characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV-vis absorption and dielectric measurements. The XRD and FTIR studies confirm the crystalline nature of ZnO NDs, and the average crystallite size was found to be ~25 nm for pure ZnO and ~22 nm for Ba doped ZnO NDs. SEM study confirmed the spherical shaped ZnO NDs with average sizes in the range of 20-30 nm. The maximum absorbance was obtained in the 200-500 nm regions with a prominent peak absorbance were observed by UV-vis spectra. The corresponding band gap for ZnO NDs and Ba doped ZnO NDs were calculated using Tauc's plot and was found to be 3.12 and 3.04, respectively. The conductivity and dielectric measurements as a function of frequency have been studied.

Matched MeSH terms: Zinc Oxide
Fulltext Dataset on leaching properties of coal ashes from Malaysian coal power plant

Beddu S, Abd Manan TSB, Zainoodin MM, Khan T, Wan Mohtar WHM, Nurika O, et al.

Data Brief, 2020 Aug;31:105843.
PMID: 32596432 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105843

Coal combustion by-products (CCPs) (i.e. fly (FA) and bottom (BA) ashes) generated by power plants contain heavy metals. This research presents leaching properties of coal ashes (FA and BA) collected from Jimah coal-fired power station, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan using USEPA standard methods namely toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP). Heavy metals like lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and arsenic (As) were quantified using atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). The leached of heavy metals fluxes were Cu < Zn < Pb < As. As leached the most whilst indicating of possible contamination from As. Overall, the ranges of leached concentration were adhered to permissible limits of hazardous waste criteria for metal (Pb and As) and industrial effluent (Zn and Cu). The presented data has potential reuse as reference for the coal ash concrete mixed design application in construction industries.

Matched MeSH terms: Zinc
Fulltext Ecofriendly Approach for Treatment of Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Water Using Activated Carbon of Kernel Shell of Oil Palm

Baby R, Hussein MZ

Materials (Basel), 2020 Jun 09;13(11).
PMID: 32526876 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112627

Heavy metal ion contamination in water poses a significant risk to human health as well as to the environment. Millions of tons of agricultural wastes are produced from oil palm plantations which are challenging to manage. In this study, we converted palm kernel shells (PKS) from a palm oil plantation into activated carbon (AC) having a surface area of 1099 m2/g using phosphoric acid as an activator. The prepared material was characterized using BET, XRD, Raman, FESEM and FTIR analyses. The AC was applied for the treatment of heavy-metal-contaminated water, and different parameters; the pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and metal ion concentrations were varied to determine the optimal conditions for the metal ion adsorption. Different kinetic models; the zeroth, first-order and second-order, and Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models were used to determine the mechanism of metal ion adsorption by the AC. Under the optimized conditions, Cr6+ and Pb2+ were removed completely, while Zn2+ and Cd2+ were more than 80% removed. This is a greener approach in which an agricultural waste, PKS is converted into a useful product, activated carbon and subsequently applied for the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated water.

Matched MeSH terms: Zinc
Electro-Stimulated Release of Poorly Water-Soluble Drug from Poly(Lactic Acid)/Carboxymethyl Cellulose/ZnO Nanocomposite Film

Gunathilake TMSU, Ching YC, Chuah CH, Hai ND, Nai-Shang L

Pharm Res, 2020 Aug 30;37(9):178.
PMID: 32864721 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02910-z

PURPOSE: Among various types of external stimuli-responsive DDS, electric-responsive DDS are more promising carriers as they exploit less complex, easily miniaturized electric signal generators and the possibility of fine-tuning the electric signals. This study investigates the use of intrinsically biocompatible biopolymers in electro-simulative drug delivery to enhance the release of poorly-soluble/non-ionic drug.
METHODS: CMC/PLA/ZnO/CUR nanocomposite films were prepared by the dispersion of CMC and ZnO NPs in solubilized PLA/curcumin medium, followed by solvent casting step. Curcumin is poorly water-soluble and used as the model drug in this study. The films with different contents of CMC, PLA and ZnO NPs were characterized using FTIR, impedance spectroscopy, tensile testing and FESEM imaging. The in vitro drug release of the films was carried out in deionized water under DC electric field of 4.5 V.
RESULTS: The ionic conductivity of the films increased with increasing the CMC concentration of the film. The addition of a small amount of ZnO NPs (2%) successfully restored the tensile properties of the film. In response to the application of the electric field, the composite films released drug with a near-linear profile. There was no noticeable amount of passive diffusion of the drug from the film with the absence of the electric field.
CONCLUSION: The outcome of this study enabled the design of an electric-responsive nanocomposite platform for the delivery of poorly water-soluble/non-ionic drugs. Graphical abstract.

Matched MeSH terms: Zinc Oxide
Fulltext Synthesis, characterization and biological properties of copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes against blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum

Lai, Jing-Wei, Ng, Chew-Hee, Lim, Yvonne Ai-Lian, Mohd Jamil Maah

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(102):1-1.
MyJurnal

Introduction: The spread of multidrug-resistant malaria parasite – Plasmodium sp. to commercially available antimalarial drugs, i.e. artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) and chloroquine (CQ), has become a global treat to eliminate malaria. To limit the impact of antimalarial drug resistance, a new potent and affordable alternative is urgently needed. A number of metal-based compounds (metallodrugs) have been found active against Plasmodium falciparum, the species that causes potentially fatal cerebral malaria, as they are ease in ligand grafting of multi-functional groups. Ferroquine (FQ) is one of the metalloantimalarial drugs that is currently undergoing clinical trials. Methods: In this study, a series of ternary copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes – Cu(phen)(edda) 1, Zn(phen)(edda) 2, [Cu(phen)(cdmg)] NO3 3 and [Zn(phen)(c-dmg)]NO3 4 were synthesized and characterized by the following tests: Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), CHN elemental analysis, UV-Vis spectroscopy, molar conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Results: In vitro hemolytic and antimalarial assays using SYBR Green I dye were done to determine the biological properties of these complexes. Preliminary biological evaluation demonstrated that all the complexes 1, 2, 3 and 4 exhibit toxicity against the sensitive blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 with IC50 in μM range. Conclusion: Thus, metal complex is a potentially viable candidate as antimalarial drug to overcome the emergence of drug resistance.

Matched MeSH terms: Zinc
Physicochemical Properties, Minerals, Trace Elements, and Heavy Metals in Honey of Different Origins: A Comprehensive Review

Solayman M, Islam MA, Paul S, Ali Y, Khalil MI, Alam N, et al.

Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf, 2016 Jan;15(1):219-233.
PMID: 33371579 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12182

Honey is a popular natural food product with a very complex composition mainly consisting of both organic and inorganic constituents. The composition of honey is strongly influenced by both natural and anthropogenic factors, which vary based on its botanical and geographical origins. Although minerals and heavy metals are minor constituents of honey, they play vital role in determining its quality. There are several different analytical methods used to determine the chemical elements in honey. These methods are typically based on spectroscopy or spectrometry techniques (including atomic absorption spectrometry, atomic emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry). This review compiles available scientific information on minerals and heavy metals in honey reported from all over the world. To date, 54 chemical elements in various types of honey have been identified and can be divided into 3 groups: major or macroelements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, S, Cl), minor or trace elements (Al, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Cd, Tl, Co, Ni, Rb, Ba, Be, Bi, U, V, Fe, Pt, Pd, Te, Hf, Mo, Sn, Sb, La, I, Sm, Tb, Dy, Sd, Th, Pr, Nd, Tm, Yb, Lu, Gd, Ho, Er, Ce, Cr, As, B, Br, Cd, Hg, Se, Sr), and heavy metals (trace elements that have a specific gravity at least 5 times higher than that of water and inorganic sources). Chemical elements in honey samples throughout the world vary in terms of concentrations and are also influenced by environmental pollution.

Matched MeSH terms: Zinc
Distinguishing normal and aggregated alpha-synuclein interaction on gold nanorod incorporated zinc oxide nanocomposite by electrochemical technique

Adam H, Gopinath SCB, Arshad MKM, Parmin NA, Hashim U

Int J Biol Macromol, 2021 Feb 28;171:217-224.
PMID: 33418041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.014

Misfolding and accumulation of the protein alpha synuclein in the brain cells characterize Parkinson's disease (PD). Electrochemical based aluminum interdigitated electrodes (ALIDEs) was fabricated by using conventional photolithography method and modified the surfaces with zinc oxide and gold nanorod by using spin coating method for the analysis of PD protein biomarker. The device surface modified with gold nanorod of 25 nm diameter was used. The bare devices and the surface modified devices were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope, 3D-Profilometer, Atomic Force Microscope and high-power microscope. The above measurement was also performed to measure the interaction of antibody with aggregated alpha-synuclein for normal, aggregated and aggregated alpha synuclein in human serum and distinguished against 3 control proteins (PARK1, DJ-1 and Factor IX). The detection limit for normal alpha synuclein was 1 f. with the sensitivity of 1 f. on a linear regression (R2 = 0.9759). The detection limit for aggregated alpha synuclein was 10 aM with the sensitivity of 1 aM on a linear regression (R2 = 0.9797). Also, the detection limit of aggregated alpha synuclein in serum was 10 aM with the sensitivity of 1 aM on a linear regression (R2 = 0.9739). These results however indicate that, serum has only minimal amount of alpha synuclein.

Matched MeSH terms: Zinc Oxide
Fulltext Relationship between visual acuity, vitamin a, and zinc intake: a study among orang asli children aged 8-12 years in Semenyih, Selangor

Lilynea Padimun, Tasneem Shaari, Mohd Zaki Awg Isa

Journal of Optometry, Eye and Health Research, 2020;2(1):62-67.
MyJurnal

The importance of vitamin A and Zinc has been a major concern due to their deficiency among children. This research aimed to investigate the association of vitamin A and zinc intake with visual acuity among Orang Asli children in Semenyih, Selangor. The total subjects involved were 94, consisting of boys, and girls aged 8-12 years old. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to determine the level of vitamin A and zinc intake. A Bailey-lovie chart test was used to determine the visual acuity. Vitamin A intake was highest among boys aged 8-9 years old (720 ± 324 mg). The mean intake of zinc, was lowest among boys aged 10-12 years old (4.42 ± 1.00 mg) and highest among girls aged 8-9 years old (5.04 ± 1.14 mg). The prevalence of abnormal visual acuity was 24%, which was equivalent to 23 subjects from the overall sample, consisting of boys and girls with a value of 0.50 Dioptric spherical equivalence (DSE). Findings from the research show that vitamin A and Zinc intake have a significant association with Visual acuity (p

Matched MeSH terms: Zinc
Determination and speciation of heavy metals in sediments of the Juru River, Penang, Malaysia

Lim PE, Kiu MY

Environ Monit Assess, 1995 Apr;35(2):85-95.
PMID: 24202270 DOI: 10.1007/BF00633708

The Juru River flows through largely urbanized areas and is grossly polluted by domestic wastes and discharges from pig farms. Other than carrying highly polluting organic materials, these wastes are also contaminated with heavy metals. To ascertain the extent of heavy metal pollution in the river, total and non-residual concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn and Fe in sediment samples collected along the river were determined. The results indicate that both the total and non-residual metal concentrations in sediments can successfully be used to identify heavy metal pollution sources. The speciation of Zn, Mn and Fe in the sediment samples were investigated using a sequential leaching technique which identifies the elements among six operationally defined host fractions: (1) exchangeable, (2) carbonate and surface-associated, (3) easily reducible, (4) moderately reducible, (5) bound to organic matter and sulphides and (6) residual. The results indicate that Zn is mainly associated with the reducible fractions. Zn and Fe found in the moderately reducible fraction are significantly correlated, indicating that iron oxides is the preferred host phase by Zn.

Matched MeSH terms: Zinc
Putative Roles for Metallothionein and HSP70 Genes in Relation with Heavy Metal Accumulation and Parasitic Cymothoid in the Fish Nemipterus furcosus

Thinh DD, Rasid MH, Deris ZM, Shazili NA, De Boeck G, Wong LL

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol, 2016 Nov;71(4):530-540.
PMID: 27638714

To assess stress level induced by multiple stressors in aquatic organism, biomarkers have been adopted as early warning indicator due to their high accuracy, rapidity, and sensitivity. We investigated the effects of ectoparasitic isopod infection on heavy metal bioaccumulation (Fe, Cu, Zn, and Cd) in the fish Nemipterus furcosus and profiled the expression of metallothionein (MT) and heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70) genes of the fish host. Sixty individuals (parasitized and nonparasitized with Cymothoa truncata) were collected from three sites differing in the levels of anthropogenic activities off the South China Sea. Our results revealed no significant difference in heavy metal concentrations between infected and nonparasitized fish. We observed a positive correlation between heavy metal bioaccumulation in the fish host and anthropogenic activities. Accordingly, expression analysis of MT genes in fish liver showed significant differences in expression level between sampling sites, with lowest level in the least exploited site (Batu Rakit). A reverse pattern in HSP70 gene expression was demonstrated in fish muscle, showing the highest expression at Batu Rakit. While cymothoid infection in N. furcosus had no significant impact on fish MT gene expression, it resulted in a reduction of HSP70 level in liver of parasitized fish. These findings highlight the putative roles of MT in heavy metal assessment. Future studies should determine the kinetics of cymothoid infection and other potential stressors in characterizing the HSP70 gene expression profile.

Matched MeSH terms: Zinc
Fulltext Nutrient content in selected commercial rice in Malaysia: An update of Malaysian food composition database

Mohd Fairulnizal, M.N., Norhayati, M.K., Zaiton, A., Norliza, A.H., Rusidah, S., Aswir, A.R., et al.

International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(2):768-776.
MyJurnal

There is an increase need and demand to update Malaysian Food Composition Database (FCD) which was last updated in 1997. The current FCD program was designed to expand the quantity and improve the quality of the existing database. The present work was aimed to determine the nutrient content of commercial rice products from three rice varieties classified as raw and processed foods, namely Basmati, Siam, and Fragrant rice. A total of six brands from each type of rice were sampled from a local supermarket within Klang Valley. Analyses were carried out for 27 nutrients that include proximate (Energy, Water, Protein, Fat, Carbohydrate, Total Dietary Fibre, and Ash), minerals (Magnesium, Calcium, Sodium, Iron, Zinc, and Copper), water soluble vitamins (C, B1, B2, B3, B6 and B9), fat soluble vitamins (A and E), total sugar, fatty acids (total saturated fat, total monounsaturated fat and total polyunsaturated), trans fatty acids, and cholesterol. The three rice varieties were found to contain comparable nutrient levels except for vitamin C, B1, A, E and total sugar which were not detected in all samples. The fatty acid (total saturated, total monounsaturated, and total polyunsaturated) as well as trans- fatty acid were detected at very low levels. Cholesterol was not detected in all samples. These findings can be utilised in raising public awareness and assistance to better estimate nutrient contents and intake depending on the varieties of rice.

Matched MeSH terms: Zinc
Determination of silver, bismuth, cadmium, copper, iron, nickel and zinc in lead- and tin-base solders and white-metal bearing alloys by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry

Chong C

Talanta, 1986 Jan;33(1):91-4.
PMID: 18964038

A simple atomic-absorption spectrophotometry method is described for the determination of silver, bismuth, cadmium, copper, iron, nickel and zinc in lead- and tin-base solders and white-metal bearing alloys, with use of a single sample solution. The sample is dissolved in a mixture of hydrobromic acid and bromine, then fumed with sulphuric acid. The lead sulphate is dissolved in concentrated hydrochloric acid. The method is particularly suitable for the determination of silver and bismuth, which are co-precipitated with lead sulphate. The other elements can also be determined after removal of the lead sulphate by filtration.

Matched MeSH terms: Zinc
Fulltext Potential Health Benefits of Deep Sea Water: A Review

Mohd Nani SZ, Majid FA, Jaafar AB, Mahdzir A, Musa MN

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2016;2016:6520475.
PMID: 28105060 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6520475

Deep sea water (DSW) commonly refers to a body of seawater that is pumped up from a depth of over 200 m. It is usually associated with the following characteristics: low temperature, high purity, and being rich with nutrients, namely, beneficial elements, which include magnesium, calcium, potassium, chromium, selenium, zinc, and vanadium. Less photosynthesis of plant planktons, consumption of nutrients, and organic decomposition have caused lots of nutrients to remain there. Due to this, DSW has potential to become a good source for health. Research has proven that DSW can help overcome health problems especially related to lifestyle-associated diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer, and skin problems. This paper reviews the potential health benefits of DSW by referring to the findings from previous researches.

Matched MeSH terms: Zinc
Fulltext Evaluation of closed vessel microwave digestion of fish muscle with various solvent combinations using fractional factorial design

Low, K.H., Zain, S.M., Abas, M.R., Ali Mohd, M.

ASM Science Journal, 2009;3(1):71-76.
MyJurnal

Fractional factorial design was utilized to evaluate the effect of combinations of nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, hydrochloric acid and water for microwave digestion of fish muscle. Upon digestion, copper, iron and zinc were determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. H2O2 and HCl volumes were found to be the most significant parameters which resulted in good metal recoveries. This is especially so for the effect of HCl on Fe recovery. The results indicated that the combination of 4 mL 65% HNO3, 2 mL 30% H2O2 and 2 mL 30% HCl gave the most satisfactory percentage recovery. There was good agreement between measured and certified values for all metals with respect to the DORM-3 fish protein.

Matched MeSH terms: Zinc
Fulltext Mineral composition and pasting properties of banana pseudo-stem flour from Musa acuminata X balbisiana cv. Awak grown locally in Perak, Malaysia

Ho, L.H., Noor Aziah, A.A., Rajeev Bhat

International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(4):1479-1485.
MyJurnal

The banana pseudo-stem is not currently utilised in the food industry. The aim of this research was to investigate the chemical and pasting profile of banana pseudo-stem flour (BPF). Wheat flour were substituted with BPF (0, 5, 15 and 30%) and the pasting profile were determined. Results from mineral analysis showed that the levels of sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P) were higher than those of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn). The BPF had a 0.04% total titratable acidity (TTA) and a total soluble solid (TSS) of 1.30⁰ Brix with pH 5.41. BPF contained 28.26% total starch, 12.81% resistant starch and a total digestible starch value of 15.45%. An increased substitution level of BPF into wheat flour significantly (p

Matched MeSH terms: Zinc
Fulltext Determination of the presence and levels of heavy metals and other elements in raw and commercial edible bird nests

Chen, J.X.J., Lim, P.K.C., Wong, S.F., Mak, J.W.

Malays J Nutr, 2014;20(3):377-391.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Heavy metals and other contaminants in food have been a concern to food industries, consumers and governing authorities. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of heavy metals and other elements in edible bird nests (EBNs). Methods: Raw and processed (commercial) EBNs were used in the study. Raw EBNs were collected directly from five house farms in Peninsular Malaysia - Kuala Sanglang (Kedah), Pantai Remis (Perak), Kluang Gohor), Kota Bharu (Kelantan) and Kajang (Selangor). Processed EBNs were pmchased from five Chinese traditional medicinal shops located in Peninsular Malaysia. The levels of 32 elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and findings of the study were compared to the maximum regulatory limits set by the Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM) for EBNs. Results: Of the seven elements with maximum regulatory limits (As, Cd, Pb, Hg, Sn, Cu, Fe), one raw EBN was detected with mercury level of 70.180 ppb which was above the SIRIM permissible limit of 50 ppb. All the EBNs had iron levels above the SIRIM permissible limit of 30 ppb. The levels of the other 25 elements with no maximum regulatory limits (Ca, Mg, Na, K, P, Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Se, Zn, Ag, Ba, Be, Bi, B, Li, Ni, Sb, Sr, Ti, U, V, Al, Zr) were also determined. Conclusion: The data obtained for the 25 elements with no permissible limits can serve as baseline data for further studies to establish their maximum regulatory limits.

Matched MeSH terms: Zinc
Fulltext Nutritional composition of ready-to-eat cereals in the Malaysian market

Suraiami, M., Mohd Fairulnizal, M.N., Norhayati, M.K., Zaiton, A., Norliza, A.H., Wan Syuriahti, W.Z., et al.

Malays J Nutr, 2014;20(3):417-427.
MyJurnal

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the nutrient content of cornflakes and muesli, ready-to-eat cereal products available in the Malaysian market. Cornflakes and muesli were chosen due to their popularity as a breakfast meal especially in urban areas. Methods: A total of six brands each for cornflakes and muesli were purchased from supermarkets in the Klang Valley using stratified random sampling. All samples were analysed using AOAC official methods of analysis. The validity of the test data was monitored with the application of internal quality controls in line with the requirements of ISO 17025. Results: Proximate analysis revealed significantly higher mean levels of carbohydrate (86.94 ± 0.59 mg/lOOg), minerals such as iron (8.48±1.72 mg/lOOg) and sodium (674.83±102.99 g/lOOg), B3 as niacinamide (25.87 ± 6.14 g/lOOg) and sucrose (5.10 ± 0.90 mg/lOOg) in cornflakes than in muesli. However, muesli contained significantly more mean moisture (10.23 ± 0.72 mg/lOOg), protein (10.07 ± 0.79 mg/lOOg), total dietary fibre (12.49 ± 1.44 mg/lOOg), magnesium (113.22 ± 7.93 mg/lOOg), zinc (1.65 ± 0.16 mg/lOOg), copper (0.25 ± 0.02 mg/lOOg), total sugar (18.75 ± 2.05 mg/lOOg), glucose (7.70±1.77 mg/lOOg) and fructose (8.68±1.76 mg/lOOg) than cornflakes. Most of the fatty acids analysed were not detected or of low value in both the cereal products. Conclusion: The nutrient analysis of cornflakes and muesli suggests that both ready-to-eat cereals are nutritionally good choice as breakfast for consumers as it provides carbohydrate, minerals, fibre and vitamins. The data provides additional information to the Malaysian Food Composition Database.

Matched MeSH terms: Zinc
Fulltext Study of selective metals accumulation in green mustard (Brasissca rapa var. Parachinesis L.) from Cameron Highlands Farmlands, Pahang

Zaini Hamzah, Marlinda Musa, Ahmad Saat

Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2011;2011(1):1-5.
MyJurnal

There are many essential and non-essential elements including metals and radionuclides present in vegetables. Howeve r, the accumulation of the several metals and radionuclides might cause the contamination to vegetables itself. Green m ustard (Brasissca rapa var. Parachinesis L.) was selected to represent the vegetable in this study. Objectives of this stud y are to determine the concentration of metals and radionuclides in the samples and to calculate the enrichment factor ( EF) and also to estimate the uptake, base on biological accumulation coefficient (BAC), for the various parts of selecte d vegetables. Three farmlands in the Cameron Highlands were studied namely Bharat, Kg Raja and Bertam area. The g reen mustard and soil samples were collected during the harvest season. Samples were dried, ground and sieved prior t o analysis. Analyses for both samples were done by using X-rays Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) to measure the conc entration of Fe, Zn, Hg, U and Th. The concentration of all elements in the soils is lower than their concentration in the control soil, except for Zn, U and Th. The concentration of all elements in Green Mustard is lower than their concentrat ion in the soil where it was grown. The EF values in the Brasissca rapa var. Parachinesis L are lower than 2 except for U and Th, indicating some degree of contamination due to anthropogenic activities or naturally origin. The BAC values show that Zn and Hg were accumulated in the green mustard, depending on where the plant grows.

Matched MeSH terms: Zinc
Fulltext The application of factor analysis to identify sources in Klang Valley aerosol

Shamsiah A. Rahman, Mohd Suhaimi Hamzah, Abdul Khalik Wood, Md Suhaimi Elias, Nazaratul Ashifa Abdullah Salim, Ezwiza Sanuri

Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2009;2009(1):288-296.
MyJurnal

Chemical composition of fine (PM2.5) aerosol samples collected for the 5 years period (2001- 2005) using Gent Stacked filter unit sampler at Klang Valley (3 o 10 ’ 30 ’’ N, 101 o 43 ’ 24 ’’ E) were analysed using Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) and Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). Results of the study show that the major component of the fine aerosol was black carbon and sulfur with the mass concentration ranged from 4.4 - 6.7µg m -3 and 1.2 - 1.9µg m -3 , respectively. The total fine aerosol mass concentration were in the ranged of 25 - 31µg m -3 with the reconstructed mass was about 50% as relative to the gravimetric mass. Statistical method, factor analysis with varimax approach has been applied to the aerosol composition data for the fingerprint identification. The analysis produces five identified fingerprint represent soil, industry, motor vehicles/biomass burning and Pb and Zn sources. There is also an unidentified source that could be related to unknown industrial activities.

Matched MeSH terms: Zinc
Fulltext Physical, chemical & mineralogical properties of fly ash

Khairul Nizar Ismail, Kamarudin Hussin, Mohd Sobri Idris

Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2007;2005(1):47-51.
MyJurnal

Fly ash is the finely divided mineral residue resulting from the combustion of coal in electric generating plants. Fly ash consists of inorganic, incombustible matter present in the coal that has been fused during combustion into a glassy, amorphous structure. Fly ash particles are generally spherical in shape and range in size from 2 μm to 10 μm. They consist mostly of silicon dioxide (SiO2), aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and iron oxide (Fe2O3). Fly ash like soil contains trace concentrations of the following heavy metals: nickel, vanadium, cadmium, barium, chromium, copper, molybdenum, zinc and lead. The chemical compositions of the sample have been examined and the fly ash are of ASTM C618 Class F.

Matched MeSH terms: Zinc

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