Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 546 in total

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  1. Fulltext Asian Best Practices for Care of Diabetes in Elderly (ABCDE)
    Kalra S, Dhar M, Afsana F, Aggarwal P, Aye TT, Bantwal G, et al.
    Rev Diabet Stud, 2022 Jun 30;18(2):100-134.
    PMID: 35831938 DOI: 10.1900/RDS.2022.18.100
    The elderly population with diabetes is diverse with the majority experiencing a decline in physical and mental capabilities, impacting the entire diabetes management process. Therefore, a need for geriatric-specific guidelines, especially for the Asian population, was identified and subsequently developed by an expert panel across government and private institutions from several Asian countries. The panel considered clinical evidence (landmark trials, position papers, expert opinions), recommendations from several important societies along with their decades of clinical experience and expertise, while meticulously devising thorough geriatric-specific tailored management strategies. The creation of the ABCDE best practices document underscores and explores the gaps and challenges and determines optimal methods for diabetes management of the elderly population in the Asian region.
  2. Fulltext Targeting natural products against SARS-CoV-2
    Al-Harrasi A, Behl T, Upadhyay T, Chigurupati S, Bhatt S, Sehgal A, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2022 Jun;29(28):42404-42432.
    PMID: 35362883 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19770-2
    The human coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by a novel coronavirus; the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Natural products, secondary metabolites show positive leads with antiviral and immunotherapy treatments using genomic studies in silico docking. In addition, it includes the action of a mechanism targeting the SARS-CoV-2. In this literature, we aimed to evaluate the antiviral movement of the NT-VRL-1 unique terpene definition to Human coronavirus (HCoV-229E). The effects of 19 hydrolysable tannins on the SARS-CoV-2 were therefore theoretically reviewed and analyzed utilising the molecular operating surroundings for their C-Like protease 3CLpro catalytic dyad residues Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (MOE 09). Pedunculagin, tercatan, and castalin were detected as interacting strongly with SARS-receptor Cov-2's binding site and catalytic dyad (Cys145 and His41). SARS-CoV-2 methods of subunit S1 (ACE2) inhibit the interaction of the receiver with the s-protein once a drug molecule is coupled to the s-protein and prevent it from infecting the target cells in alkaloids. Our review strongly demonstrates the evidence that natural compounds and their derivatives can be used against the human coronavirus and serves as an area of research for future perspective.
  3. Topologically directed confocal Raman imaging (TD-CRI): Advanced Raman imaging towards compositional and micromeritic profiling of a commercial tablet components
    Muthudoss P, Kumar S, Ann EYC, Young KJ, Chi RLR, Allada R, et al.
    J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2022 Feb 20;210:114581.
    PMID: 35026592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114581
    Particle size distribution (PSD), spatial location and particle cluster size of ingredients, polymorphism, compositional distribution of a pharmaceutical product are few of the most important attributes in establishing the drug release-controlling microstructural and solid state properties that would be used to (re)design or reproduce similar products. There are numerous solid-state techniques available for PSD analysis. Laser diffraction (LD) is mostly used to study PSD of raw materials. However, a constraint of LD is the interference between the active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and excipients, where it is very challenging to measure API size in a tablet. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) is widely employed in establishing the polymorphism of API and excipients. This research examined a commercial osmotic tablet in terms of extracting solid state properties of API and functional excipient by Raman Imaging. Establishing repeatability, reproducibility, and sample representativeness when the samples are non-uniform and inhomogeneous necessitates multiple measurements. In such scenarios, when employing imaging-based techniques, it can be time-consuming and tedious. Advanced statistical methodologies are used to overcome these disadvantages and expedite the characterization process. Overall, this study demonstrates that Raman imaging can be employed as a non-invasive and effective offline method for assessing the solid-state characteristics of API and functional excipients in complex dosage forms like osmotic tablets.
  4. Fish Gelatin: Current Nutritional, Medicinal, Tissue Repair Applications and Carrier of Drug Delivery
    Soliman AM, Teoh SL, Das S
    Curr Pharm Des, 2022 Jan 28.
    PMID: 35088658 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220128103725
    Gelatin is obtained via partial denaturation of collagen and is extensively used in various industries. The majority of gelatin utilized globally is derived from a mammalian source. Several health and religious concerns associated with porcine/bovine gelatin were reported. Therefore, gelatin from a marine source is widely being investigated for its efficiency and utilization in a variety of applications as a potential substitute for porcine/bovine gelatin. Although fish gelatin is less durable and possesses lower melting and gelling temperatures compared to mammal-derived gelatin, various modifications are being reported to promote its rheological and functional properties to be efficiently employed. The present review describes in detail the current innovative applications of fish gelatin involving the food industry, drug delivery and possible therapeutic applications. Gelatin bioactive molecules may be utilized as carriers for drug delivery. Due to its versatility, gelatin can be used in different carrier systems, such as microparticles, nanoparticles, fibers and hydrogels. The present review also provides a perspective on the other potential pharmaceutical applications of fish gelatin, such as tissue regeneration, antioxidant supplementation, antihypertensive and anticancer treatments.
  5. Evidence for X(3872) in Pb-Pb Collisions and Studies of its Prompt Production at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV
    Sirunyan AM, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Ambrogi F, Bergauer T, Dragicevic M, et al.
    Phys Rev Lett, 2022 Jan 21;128(3):032001.
    PMID: 35119878 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.032001
    The first evidence for X(3872) production in relativistic heavy ion collisions is reported. The X(3872) production is studied in lead-lead (Pb-Pb) collisions at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV per nucleon pair, using the decay chain X(3872)→J/ψπ^{+}π^{-}→μ^{+}μ^{-}π^{+}π^{-}. The data were recorded with the CMS detector in 2018 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.7  nb^{-1}. The measurement is performed in the rapidity and transverse momentum ranges |y|<1.6 and 15
  6. Fulltext Stem Cell Transplantation Therapy and Neurological Disorders: Current Status and Future Perspectives
    Rahman MM, Islam MR, Islam MT, Harun-Or-Rashid M, Islam M, Abdullah S, et al.
    Biology (Basel), 2022 Jan 17;11(1).
    PMID: 35053145 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010147
    Neurodegenerative diseases are a global health issue with inadequate therapeutic options and an inability to restore the damaged nervous system. With advances in technology, health scientists continue to identify new approaches to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Lost or injured neurons and glial cells can lead to the development of several neurological diseases, including Parkinson's disease, stroke, and multiple sclerosis. In recent years, neurons and glial cells have successfully been generated from stem cells in the laboratory utilizing cell culture technologies, fueling efforts to develop stem cell-based transplantation therapies for human patients. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential to either remain a stem cell or differentiate into a germ cell with specialized characteristics, such as muscle cells, red blood cells, or brain cells. Although several obstacles remain before stem cells can be used for clinical applications, including some potential disadvantages that must be overcome, this cellular development represents a potential pathway through which patients may eventually achieve the ability to live more normal lives. In this review, we summarize the stem cell-based therapies that have been explored for various neurological disorders, discuss the potential advantages and drawbacks of these therapies, and examine future directions for this field.
  7. Exploring the effect of Crinum latifolia in obesity: possible role of oxidative, angiogenic, and inflammatory pathways
    Nijhawan P, Behl T, Chigurupati S, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2022 Jan 07.
    PMID: 34997511 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18531-5
    Obesity is a multifaceted disease encompassing deposition of an unnecessary amount of fat which upsurges the possibility of other complications, viz., hypertension and certain type of cancers. Although obesity results from combination of genetic factors, improper diet and inadequate physical exercise also play a major role in its onset. The present study aims at exploring the anti-obesity activity of Crinum latifolia leaf extract in obese rats. The leaves were extracted using hydroalcoholic extraction which was later diluted with water and given to obese rats. The dosing was started from the 4th week (by oral administration of extract of Crinum latifolia (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) and combination of Crinum latifolia leaf extract 200 mg/kg and orlistat 30 mg/kg) till the 10th week. Various angiogenic, antioxidant, biochemical, and inflammatory biomarkers were assessed at the end of the study. The obese symptoms were progressively reduced in treatment groups when compared to disease control groups. The angiogenic parameters and inflammatory parameters were consequently reduced in treatment groups. The oxidative parameters superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were gradually increased, while levels of TBARS were reduced in treatment groups showing antioxidant nature of leaf hydroalcoholic extract. The Crinum latifolia leaf extract possesses anti-obesity properties and therefore can be used as a therapeutic option in the management of obesity.
  8. Fulltext A Standards Organization for Open and FAIR Neuroscience: the International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility
    Abrams MB, Bjaalie JG, Das S, Egan GF, Ghosh SS, Goscinski WJ, et al.
    Neuroinformatics, 2022 Jan;20(1):25-36.
    PMID: 33506383 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-020-09509-0
    There is great need for coordination around standards and best practices in neuroscience to support efforts to make neuroscience a data-centric discipline. Major brain initiatives launched around the world are poised to generate huge stores of neuroscience data. At the same time, neuroscience, like many domains in biomedicine, is confronting the issues of transparency, rigor, and reproducibility. Widely used, validated standards and best practices are key to addressing the challenges in both big and small data science, as they are essential for integrating diverse data and for developing a robust, effective, and sustainable infrastructure to support open and reproducible neuroscience. However, developing community standards and gaining their adoption is difficult. The current landscape is characterized both by a lack of robust, validated standards and a plethora of overlapping, underdeveloped, untested and underutilized standards and best practices. The International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility (INCF), an independent organization dedicated to promoting data sharing through the coordination of infrastructure and standards, has recently implemented a formal procedure for evaluating and endorsing community standards and best practices in support of the FAIR principles. By formally serving as a standards organization dedicated to open and FAIR neuroscience, INCF helps evaluate, promulgate, and coordinate standards and best practices across neuroscience. Here, we provide an overview of the process and discuss how neuroscience can benefit from having a dedicated standards body.
  9. Fulltext Genomic characterization of Plasmodium falciparum genes associated with anti-folate drug resistance and treatment outcomes in eastern India: A molecular surveillance study from 2008 to 2017
    Das S, Tripathy S, Das A, Sharma MK, Nag A, Hati AK, et al.
    Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2022;12:865814.
    PMID: 36583107 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.865814
    INTRODUCTION: After being used vigorously for the previous two decades to treat P. falciparum, chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine were replaced in 2009 with an artemisinin-based combination therapy (artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine) in an effort to combat multidrug-resistant parasites.

    METHODS: We set out to assess the genetic variants of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance and the effectiveness of its treatment in eastern India prior to, during, and 6 to 8 years following the introduction of the new pharmacological regime. In 2008-2009, 318 P. falciparum-positive patients got the recommended doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. We used 379 additional isolates from 2015 to 2017 in addition to the 106 isolates from 2010. All 803 isolates from two study sites underwent in vitro sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine sensitivity testing and genomic characterisation of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance (pfdhfr and pfdhps).

    RESULTS: In Kolkata and Purulia, we observed early treatment failure in 30.7 and 14.4% of patients, respectively, whereas recrudescence was found in 8.1 and 13.4% of patients, respectively, in 2008-2009. In 2017, the proportion of in vitro pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine resistance steadily grew in Kolkata and Purulia despite a single use of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. Treatment failures with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine were linked to quintuple or quadruple pfdhfr- pfdhps mutations (AICII-AGKAT, AICII-AGKAA, AICII-SGKGT, AICII-AGKAA, AICNI-AGKAA) in 2008-2009 (p < 0.001). The subsequent spread of mutant-haplotypes with higher in vitro sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance (p < 0.001), such as the sextuple (dhfr-AIRNI+dhps-AGEAA, dhfr-ANRNL+dhps-AGEAA) and septuple (dhfr-AIRNI+dhps-AGEAT), mutations were observed in 2015-2017.

    DISCUSSION: This successive spread of mutations with high in vitro sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance confirmed the progressive increase in antifolate resistance even after an 8-year withdrawal of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine.

  10. Fulltext The Role of Bupropion in the Treatment of Women with Sexual Desire Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Razali NA, Sidi H, Choy CL, Roos NAC, Baharudin A, Das S
    Curr Neuropharmacol, 2022;20(10):1941-1955.
    PMID: 35193485 DOI: 10.2174/1570159X20666220222145735
    Although few clinical trials examined the efficacy of bupropion to treat sexual dysfunction among female patients, a comprehensive and objective synthesis of the best available evidence is still lacking. To date, to the best of our knowledge, there are no published systematic reviews or meta-analyses specifically focusing on the role of bupropion in the treatment of female sexual dysfunction. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of bupropion in the treatment of female sexual dysfunction, and we hypothesized that bupropion is efficient in treating female patients with sexual dysfunction. This review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic search for published literature was performed using Ovid, Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and PubMed databases. In our study, we found that bupropion was almost three-fold more favorable in improving problems with sexual desire (pool estimate 2.845, 95% CI: 0.215 to 5.475, I2= 95.6%, p=0.034). A meta-regression was performed to explore heterogeneity and we found that only the dosage of bupropion was statistically significant in explaining the variance, i.e., the lower the dosage (150 mg vs. 300 mg), the better the improvement in the sexual desire of women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). Based on the results of this systematic review and metaanalysis, there is a potential role of bupropion as an effective treatment for women with HSDD.
  11. Fulltext Natural Product-based Nanomedicine: Recent Advances and Issues for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
    Woon CK, Hui WK, Abas R, Haron MH, Das S, Lin TS
    Curr Neuropharmacol, 2022;20(8):1498-1518.
    PMID: 34923947 DOI: 10.2174/1570159X20666211217163540
    Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects the elderly and is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration caused by different pathologies. The most significant challenges in treating AD include the inability of medications to reach the brain because of its poor solubility, low bioavailability, and the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Additionally, current evidence suggests the disruption of BBB plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. One of the critical challenges in treating AD is the ineffective treatments and their severe adverse effects. Nanotechnology offers an alternative approach to facilitate the treatment of AD by overcoming the challenges in drug transport across the BBB. Various nanoparticles (NP) loaded with natural products were reported to aid in drug delivery for the treatment of AD. The nano-sized entities of NP are great platforms for incorporating active materials from natural products into formulations that can be delivered effectively to the intended action site without compromising the material's bioactivity. The review highlights the applications of medicinal plants, their derived components, and various nanomedicinebased approaches for the treatment of AD. The combination of medicinal plants and nanotechnology may lead to new theragnostic solutions for the treatment of AD in the future.
  12. Fulltext Circadian Disruption and Occupational Toxicants Exposure Affecting the Immunity of Shift Workers During SARS CoV-2 Pandemic
    Mohd Fuad SH, Juliana N, Mohd Azmi NAS, Mohd Fahmi Teng NI, Azmani S, Abu IF, et al.
    Front Public Health, 2022;10:829013.
    PMID: 35392476 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.829013
    In several regions of the world, the recent Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak increased morbidity and mortality. The pandemic situation disrupted many workers' previously established lifestyles. The main aim of the present review was to describe the circadian disruption and occupational toxicant exposure affecting the immunity of shift workers during the SARS CoV-2 pandemic. We retrieved pertinent published literature from the Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases. In the present review, we discuss the circadian rhythm involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis at the molecular level, its disruption, occupational toxicant exposure causing immunomodulatory effects, and the role of immunity during the SARS CoV-2 pandemic. The severity of the progression of the viral infection depends on multiple factors affecting immunity. Hence, shift workers may need to be aware of those factors such as circadian rhythm disruption as well as occupational toxicant exposure. The timing of shift workers' energy intake is also important concerning the shift of the workers. The information in the present review may be important for all workers who are at risk during the pandemic. In the absence of any published literature related to association of circadian rhythm disruption with occupational toxicant exposure, the present review may have greater importance.
  13. Search for Long-Lived Particles Decaying in the CMS End Cap Muon Detectors in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV
    Tumasyan A, Adam W, Andrejkovic JW, Bergauer T, Chatterjee S, Dragicevic M, et al.
    Phys Rev Lett, 2021 Dec 24;127(26):261804.
    PMID: 35029469 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.261804
    A search for long-lived particles (LLPs) produced in decays of standard model (SM) Higgs bosons is presented. The data sample consists of 137  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV, recorded at the LHC in 2016-2018. A novel technique is employed to reconstruct decays of LLPs in the end cap muon detectors. The search is sensitive to a broad range of LLP decay modes and to masses as low as a few GeV. No excess of events above the SM background is observed. The most stringent limits to date on the branching fraction of the Higgs boson to LLPs subsequently decaying to quarks and τ^{+}τ^{-} are found for proper decay lengths greater than 6, 20, and 40 m, for LLP masses of 7, 15, and 40 GeV, respectively.
  14. Fulltext Nutrition and physical activity interventions to ameliorate postpartum depression: A scoping review
    Yahya NFS, Teng NIMF, Das S, Juliana N
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2021 Dec;30(4):662-674.
    PMID: 34967195 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202112_30(4).0013
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Globally, there is a high prevalence of postpartum depression (17.7%) reported in a recent study among mothers during the postpartum period. It contributes to poor health and well-being among newly delivered women. We reviewed the published effect of nutrition and physical activity interventions on improving and treating postpartum depression.

    METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: The scoping review was performed using Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework. The systematic search was conducted using Scopus, Pubmed, EBSCOHost and Google Scholar in April 2020, updated in March 2021. Only literature published between January 2010 until February 2021 was searched.

    RESULTS: A total of 25 articles were included, of which 23 were randomised controlled trials , and 2 were quasi-experimental studies. Some of studies found improvements in depression (76% out of all studies). On this basis, nutrition or physical activity intervention probably improves postpartum depression. Moreover, the integration of nutrition and physical activity appears to improve depression in the more thorough follow-up of participants . Active involvement of the participant in the interventions was contributory to effectiveness.

    CONCLUSIONS: Nutrition and physical activity interventions with appropriate strategy and delivery are promising options for the management of postpartum maternal mental health. More definitive investigation of non-pharmacological interventions to ameliorate depression among postpartum women is warranted.

  15. Beneficial effects of natural products on female sexual dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Sha'ari N, Woon LS, Sidi H, Das S, Bousman CA, Mohamed Saini S
    Phytomedicine, 2021 Dec;93:153760.
    PMID: 34638031 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153760
    BACKGROUND: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) includes female orgasmic disorder, female sexual interest or arousal disorder, and genito-pelvic pain or penetration disorder. FSD affects 40% of women worldwide, but it is understudied and likely undertreated. Natural products are frequently used by women to treat FSD, but scientific evidence of their efficacy is lacking.

    OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis focused on the study of the efficacy of natural products on FSD.

    STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of existing studies on natural products in the treatment of FSD.

    METHODS: The literature search included MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial databases for studies published from January 2000 to February 2020. The quality and the level of evidence of the studies were assessed. The association between natural products and FSD was summarized using standardized mean differences (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

    RESULTS: A total of 536 studies were identified, with 20 of them meeting the criteria. According to this meta-analysis, Tribulus terrestris showed a significant positive effect in improving overall female sexual function (SMD = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.46 - 1.79, p = 0.001) and individual sexual arousal (SMD = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.22 - 1.84, p = 0.013), sexual desire (SMD = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.52 - 1.63, p ≤ 0.001) and sexual orgasm (SMD = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.02 - 1.00, p = 0.040) domains compared to placebo. Panax ginseng was found to be effective in treating sexual arousal (SMD = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.11 - 0.97, p = 0.014) and sexual desire (SMD = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.27 - 0.90, p < 0.001) compared to placebo. Meanwhile, other natural products reviewed in this study, such as Trifolium pretense, did not differ significantly from placebo in terms of improving FSD.

    CONCLUSION: Preliminary evidence suggests that Tribulus terrestris and Panax ginseng may be effective as alternative treatments for FSD in a clinical setting.

  16. Measurements of the Electroweak Diboson Production Cross Sections in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=5.02  TeV Using Leptonic Decays
    Tumasyan A, Adam W, Andrejkovic JW, Bergauer T, Chatterjee S, Dragicevic M, et al.
    Phys Rev Lett, 2021 Nov 05;127(19):191801.
    PMID: 34797136 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.191801
    The first measurements of diboson production cross sections in proton-proton interactions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV are reported. They are based on data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 302  pb^{-1}. Events with two, three, or four charged light leptons (electrons or muons) in the final state are analyzed. The WW, WZ, and ZZ total cross sections are measured as σ_{WW}=37.0_{-5.2}^{+5.5}(stat)_{-2.6}^{+2.7}(syst)  pb, σ_{WZ}=6.4_{-2.1}^{+2.5}(stat)_{-0.3}^{+0.5}(syst)  pb, and σ_{ZZ}=5.3_{-2.1}^{+2.5}(stat)_{-0.4}^{+0.5}(syst)  pb. All measurements are in good agreement with theoretical calculations at combined next-to-next-to-leading order quantum chromodynamics and next-to-leading order electroweak accuracy.
  17. Synthesis of indole derivatives as diabetics II inhibitors and enzymatic kinetics study of α-glucosidase and α-amylase along with their in-silico study
    Taha M, Alrashedy AS, Almandil NB, Iqbal N, Anouar EH, Nawaz M, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2021 Nov 01;190:301-318.
    PMID: 34481854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.207
    In this study, we have investigated a series of indole-based compounds for their inhibitory study against pancreatic α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase activity. Inhibitors of carbohydrate degrading enzymes appear to have an essential role as antidiabetic drugs. All analogous exhibited good to moderate α-amylase (IC50 = 3.80 to 47.50 μM), and α-glucosidase inhibitory interactions (IC50 = 3.10-52.20 μM) in comparison with standard acarbose (IC50 = 12.28 μM and 11.29 μM). The analogues 4, 11, 12, 15, 14 and 17 had good activity potential both for enzymes inhibitory interactions. Structure activity relationships were deliberated to propose the influence of substituents on the inhibitory potential of analogues. Docking studies revealed the interaction of more potential analogues and enzyme active site. Further, we studied their kinetic study of most active compounds showed that compounds 15, 14, 12, 17 and 11 are competitive for α-amylase and non- competitive for α-glucosidase.
  18. Fulltext Pharmacological and pharmacognostical valuation of Canna indica leaves extract by quantifying safety profile and neuroprotective potential
    Chigurupati S, Abdul Rahman Alharbi N, Sharma AK, Alhowail A, Vardharajula VR, Vijayabalan S, et al.
    Saudi J Biol Sci, 2021 Oct;28(10):5579-5584.
    PMID: 34588868 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.072
    The current study primarily focused on the pharmacognostical and phytochemical screening of Canna indica and further analyzing the leaves extract for toxicological profile and neuroprotective potential. The microscopic, dry powder properties of the leaf material and phytochemical, physicochemical analysis was evaluated for pharmacognostical assessment. Dry leaves of C. indica were extracted using methanol and then further studied for both in vitro and in vivo toxicological study. The acute toxicity was measured by estimating the antioxidant defense system and anatomical impairment in the rat's organs. Also, the neuroprotective activity of the plant extract was assessed using anticholinesterase enzymatic inhibitory assay. The extract was found to be hemocompatible and showed absences of induction of behavioural changes. Likewise, no changes were seen on the anatomical structure of the rat's organs. The methanolic extract portrayed a significant upsurge in the reduced glutathione level and showed a comparable acetylcholinesterase inhibition in a dosedependent manner with an IC50 value of 14.53 μg/mL compared to the standard Donepezil with an IC50 value of 13.31 μg/mL. C. indica has compelling pharmacognostical characteristics, good safety reports, and significant antioxidant as well as the neuroprotective potential that shows great potential for its further in-depth research for pharmacological use.
  19. Fulltext Targeting Probiotics in Rheumatoid Arthritis
    Bungau SG, Behl T, Singh A, Sehgal A, Singh S, Chigurupati S, et al.
    Nutrients, 2021 Sep 26;13(10).
    PMID: 34684377 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103376
    Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive inflammatory disorder characterized by swollen joints, discomfort, tightness, bone degeneration and frailty. Genetic, agamogenetic and sex-specific variables, Prevotella, diet, oral health and gut microbiota imbalance are all likely causes of the onset or development of RA, perhaps the specific pathways remain unknown. Lactobacillus spp. probiotics are often utilized as relief or dietary supplements to treat bowel diseases, build a strong immune system and sustain the immune system. At present, the action mechanism of Lactobacillus spp. towards RA remains unknown. Therefore, researchers conclude the latest analysis to effectively comprehend the ultimate pathogenicity of rheumatoid arthritis, as well as the functions of probiotics, specifically Lactobacillus casei or Lactobacillus acidophilus, in the treatment of RA in therapeutic and diagnostic reports. RA is a chronic inflammation immunological illness wherein the gut microbiota is affected. Probiotics are organisms that can regulate gut microbiota, which may assist to relieve RA manifestations. Over the last two decades, there has been a surge in the use of probiotics. However, just a few research have considered the effect of probiotic administration on the treatment and prevention of arthritis. Randomized regulated experimental trials have shown that particular probiotics supplement has anti-inflammatory benefits, helps people with RA enhance daily activities and alleviates symptoms. As a result, utilizing probiotic microorganisms as therapeutics could be a potential possibility for arthritis treatment. This review highlights the known data on the therapeutic and preventative effects of probiotics in RA, as well as their interactions.
  20. Observation of Forward Neutron Multiplicity Dependence of Dimuon Acoplanarity in Ultraperipheral Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV
    Sirunyan AM, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Bergauer T, Dragicevic M, Erö J, et al.
    Phys Rev Lett, 2021 Sep 17;127(12):122001.
    PMID: 34597080 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.122001
    The first measurement of the dependence of γγ→μ^{+}μ^{-} production on the multiplicity of neutrons emitted very close to the beam direction in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions is reported. Data for lead-lead interactions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV, with an integrated luminosity of approximately 1.5  nb^{-1}, are collected using the CMS detector at the LHC. The azimuthal correlations between the two muons in the invariant mass region 88.3. The back-to-back correlation structure from leading-order photon-photon scattering is found to be significantly broader for events with a larger number of emitted neutrons from each nucleus, corresponding to interactions with a smaller impact parameter. This observation provides a data-driven demonstration that the average transverse momentum of photons emitted from relativistic heavy ions has an impact parameter dependence. These results provide new constraints on models of photon-induced interactions in ultraperipheral collisions. They also provide a baseline to search for possible final-state effects on lepton pairs caused by traversing a quark-gluon plasma produced in hadronic heavy ion collisions.
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