NEW INFORMATION: The genus Aetius O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 is reported for the first time in China (Yunnan Province) and includes three species: one new species and two newly-recorded species. One new species is described, based on both sexes: A.maculatus sp. n. Additionally, A.bicuspidatus Yamasaki, 2020 and A.nocturnus Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001, are newly recorded from China, with photographs of habitus and genitalia being provided.
METHODS: The relevant studies were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane from the inception date to June 1, 2024. The titles, abstracts, and full texts were independently evaluated and screened by two authors. Additionally, the economic evaluation studies were assessed independently by two authors using the consolidated health economic evaluation reporting standards checklist.
RESULTS: 14 studies were included which were about the economic evaluations of adding dapagliflozin in the treatment of chronic kidney disease. The minimum consolidated health economic evaluation reporting standards score for the studies was 0.77, indicating very good quality. Adding dapagliflozin to the standard of care would be more effective and cost-saving in Mexico, Malaysia, Canada, Thailand, and China. The highest incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of dapagliflozin ($67962.75/QALY) originated from the USA. According to the available studies, adding dapagliflozin to standard of care for the treatment of chronic kidney disease is considered cost-effectiveness from both the healthcare system and the payer's perspective.
CONCLUSION: Adding dapagliflozin to standard care in the treatment of chronic kidney disease is cost-effective from both the healthcare system and the payer's perspective in well-developed countries.
METHODS: From August 2020 to December 2021, 4 rete MCA anomalies were identified at Shuang Ho hospital. Clinical information, perfusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and angiographic images were collected. Detailed angioarchitecture, including types of arterial feeders and extent of rete involvement, were analyzed based on three-dimensional volume-rendering reconstruction images obtained from the catheter-based angiographies.
RESULTS: Despite their variable clinical presentations (two hemorrhage, one ischemia, and one asymptomatic), all cases shared common angiographic findings as follows: (1) the internal carotid artery did not connect directly to the rete, (2) the anterior choroidal artery (AChA) was the artery constantly supplying the rete and (3) there was a watershed zone shift toward MCA territory. The perfusion MR cerebral blood flow map was symmetric in all studied cases.
CONCLUSION: The AChA is an artery constantly supplying the rete, which suggests that the angioarchitectural features associated with this anomaly may be the result of both congenital and acquired compensatory processes. Cerebral perfusion remains preserved at the lesion side, despite angiographic evidence of watershed zone shift. These findings will be important for making better clinical judgments about this condition.
CASE PRESENTATION: A 64-year-old Indian male with a past history of coronary artery bypass graft surgery, congestive heart failure, and diabetes mellitus complained of worsening shortness of breath for 2 weeks. Incidentally, a transthoracic echocardiography showed a "thumb-like" mass in his right atrium extending into his right ventricle through the tricuspid valve with each systole. Abdomen magnetic resonance imaging revealed a heterogenous lobulated mass in the upper and mid-pole of his right kidney with a tumor extending into his inferior vena cava and right atrium, consistent with our diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma which was later confirmed by surgical excision and histology. Radical right nephrectomy, lymph nodes clearance, inferior vena cava cavatomy, and complete tumor thrombectomy were performed successfully. Perioperatively, he did not require cardiopulmonary bypass or deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. He had no recurrence during the follow-up period for more than 2 years after surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: Advanced extension of renal cell carcinoma can occur with no apparent symptoms and be detected incidentally. In rare circumstances, atypical presentation of renal cell carcinoma should be considered in a patient presenting with right atrial mass detected by echocardiography. Renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava and right atrium extension is a complex surgical challenge, but excellent results can be obtained with proper patient selection, meticulous surgical techniques, and close perioperative patient care.