Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 317 in total

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  1. Helen-Ng LC, Razak IA, Ghani WM, Marhazlinda J, Norain AT, Raja Jallaludin RL, et al.
    Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 2012 Dec;40(6):560-6.
    PMID: 22679921 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2012.00704.x
    The role of diet in cancer risk has mainly been investigated based on intake of individual food items. However, food consumption is made up of a combination of various food items. This study aims to determine the association of dietary patterns with oral cancer risk.
    Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
  2. Mustapha A, Aris AZ
    PMID: 22571534 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.673305
    Multivariate statistical techniques such as hierarchical Agglomerated cluster analysis (HACA), discriminant analysis (DA), principal component analysis (PCA), and factor analysis (FA) were applied to identify the spatial variation and pollution sources of Jakara River, Kano, Nigeria. Thirty surface water samples were collected: 23 along Getsi River and 7 along the main channel of River Jakara. Twenty-three water quality parameters, namely pH, temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD(5)), Faecal coliform, total solids (TS), nitrates (NO(3)(-)), phosphates (PO(4)(3-)), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), sodium (Na), potassium (K), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), magnesium (Mg), and calcium(Ca) were analysed. HACA grouped the sampling points into three clusters based on the similarities of river water quality characteristics: industrial, domestic, and agricultural water pollution sources. Forward and backward DA effectively discriminated 5 and 15 water quality variables, respectively, each assigned with 100% correctness from the original 23 variables. PCA and FA were used to investigate the origin of each water quality parameter due to various land use activities, 7 principal components were obtained with 77.5% total variance, and in addition PCA identified 3 latent pollution sources to support HACA. From this study, one can conclude that the application of multivariate techniques derives meaningful information from water quality data.
    Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
  3. Wan Nor Arifin, Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff, Nyi Nyi Naing
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Emotional intelligence (EI) is deemed an important aspect of being good medical doctors. Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Emotional Quotient Inventory (USMEQ-i) is an EI inventory in Malay language developed primarily as medical student selection tool in USM. Although it was already validated by exploratory factor analysis (EFA), EFA is considered insufficient evidence of construct validity, thus confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted. Objectives: To determine measurement model validity and construct validity of USMEQ-i among medical degree program applicants in USM by CFA. Methods: USMEQ-i data file for medical degree program applicants in USM for year 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 academic sessions were obtained from Medical Education Department in USM. A random sample of 512 cases was drawn from the data file. Of the sample, only 453 cases were valid study sample after preliminary data screening and assumption checking. CFA was conducted on the sample using maximum likelihood (ML) estimation with bootstrapping technique due to violation of multivariate normality assumption. USMEQ-i measurement model was proposed as a second-order EI factor with seven first-order factors of EI and a Faking Index (FI) factor, with correlation between second-order EI factor and FI factor. Results: The proposed model could not be fit into the study sample data. EI factors and FI factor had to be analyzed separately due to non-positive definite problem. After modifications to the model, CFA of EI factors were suggestive of two-factor model instead of the proposed seven-factor model. Consciousness, Maturity and Control (CoMaCt). CFA of FI factor maintained one-factor model and also valid in term of construct. Conclusion: The modified USMEQ-i, which consisted of separate EI and FI models, was proven to have valid measurement models and reliable constructs. It is considered to be suitable for use among applicants to medical degree program in USM. However, its use as medical student selection tool may require further research, especially how predictive USMEQ-i scores with real performance of medical students, generalizability of the inventory and its stability over time.
    Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
  4. Nurul Hazrina, M., Affizal, A.
    MyJurnal
    Background: Personality disorders is one of the most assessed mental health problems among prison population. To date, no local psychometric instrument to assess personality disorder is available in Malaysia. Objective: The aim of this study is to validate the Malay-translated version of the McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (MSI-BPD) among prisoner. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed, involving female prisoners (n=90). Face validity, factor analysis, and reliability testing were conducted with a one-week interval test-retest. Results: The translated instrument produced four factors structure. The internal consistency is moderate (α=.64), with high test-retest reliability (ICC=.82). Conclusion: The Malay-translated version of the MSI-BPD was found valid and reliable to identify borderline personality disorder among female prisoner in future studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
  5. Ramli, M., Aidil Faszrul, A.R., Rosnani, S.
    MyJurnal
    Background: The Malay short version of Depressive Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) has been widely used as a tool to measure psychological parameters in studies in Malaysia. The version has been found to be reliable for clinical and non-clinical populations. Objectives: To analyse and establish the psychometric properties of the Malay version of the DASS 42-item (BM DASS-42) among medical students. Methods: Concurrent forward and backward translations of original English DASS-42 were completed. Construct validity of the DASS-42 was established by looking at its exploratory factor analysis. Malay DASS-42 and Malay HADS were administered to a total of 411 medical students. Results: Reliability of DASS-
    42 revealed excellent Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.94, 0.90 and 0.87 for depressive, anxiety and stress domains respectively. Construct validity yielded 38 items out of 42 items (90%) had good factor loadings of 0.4 and more. DASS and HADS were strongly correlated for both anxiety (r=0.87) and depression (r=0.68) domains. Conclusions: The BM DASS-42 had admirable psychometric properties among the tested population. Further studies are needed to verify these preliminary outcomes in other Malaysian subjects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
  6. Nurul Hazrina Mazlan, Affizal Ahmad
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2012;13(2):146-156.
    MyJurnal
    Objectives: The aim of this study is to validate the Malay version of the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) for the purpose of the future study related to aggression. Furthermore, the study seeks to identify types of aggression hold by the female inmates.

    Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed involving 90 Malaysian female prisoners. The analyses include descriptive analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability testing. After one-week interval, a test-retest was conducted.

    Results: The preliminary analysis confirmed that factor analysis was appropriate for the Malay-translated version of the AQ. The four factors structure was assessed but the factor loadings are remarkable different from the original versions. The total Cronbach's alpha coefficients is very high (α= 0.91). The Pearson's correlation however is low (r = 0.48) but acceptable for the instrument. Reliability of the subscales and the factors were also found satisfactory. Consequently, anger and hostility were identified as the most common types of aggression among the participants, followed by verbal aggression. In contrast, physical aggression was the least scored type of aggression.

    Conclusion: The Malay-translated version of the AQ was found to be valid and reliable to be used in future studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
  7. Yap C
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:389-394.
    In this study, heavy metal data (including four geochemical fractions) from offshore and intertidal sediments collected off the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia were analyzed using factor analysis. A similarity was found when comparing between offshore and intertidal sediments, where out of the 20 variables, five factors (resistant Cu, total Cu, resistant Pb, total Pb and total Zn) could be clearly selected on the basis of their high loadings as derived by factor analysis in both sediment sampling areas. However, the statistical outputs based on the present study using factor analysis cannot be practically acceptable mainly because the resistant fractions are not of anthropogenic origins and ecotoxicologists are more concern on the anthropogenic ones. Only a modification using a specific normalizing agent such as the nonresistant fraction, should be tested to show feasibility of the contribution of anthropogenic sources in the two sampling areas. However, a more comprehensive metal monitoring data should be compiled to complement the results obtainable from factor analysis, before a valid Malaysian Marine Sediment Pollution Index or Sediment Quality Guidelines, can be proposed to be established.
    Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
  8. Kooshiar H, Yahaya N, Hamid TA, Abu Samah A, Sedaghat Jou V
    PLoS One, 2012;7(8):e43125.
    PMID: 22912806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043125
    BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional and correlational survey examines the association between different types of living arrangements and life satisfaction in older Malaysians, while taking into account the mediating effects of social support function.

    METHODOLOGY AND FINDINGS: A total of 1880 of older adults were selected by multistage stratified sampling. Life satisfaction and social support were measured with the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale and Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey. The result shows living with children as the commonest type of living arrangement for older adults in peninsular Malaysia. Compared to living alone, living only with a spouse especially and then co-residency with children were both associated with better life satisfaction (p

    Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
  9. Armour C, Raudzah Ghazali S, Elklit A
    Psychiatry Res, 2013 Mar 30;206(1):26-32.
    PMID: 23017656 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.09.012
    The underlying latent structure of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is widely researched. However, despite a plethora of factor analytic studies, no single model has consistently been shown as superior to alternative models. The two most often supported models are the Emotional Numbing and the Dysphoria models. However, a recently proposed five-factor Dysphoric Arousal model has been gathering support over and above existing models. Data for the current study were gathered from Malaysian Tsunami survivors (N=250). Three competing models (Emotional Numbing/Dysphoria/Dysphoric Arousal) were specified and estimated using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The Dysphoria model provided superior fit to the data compared to the Emotional Numbing model. However, using chi-square difference tests, the Dysphoric Arousal model showed a superior fit compared to both the Emotional Numbing and Dysphoria models. In conclusion, the current results suggest that the Dysphoric Arousal model better represents PTSD's latent structure and that items measuring sleeping difficulties, irritability/anger and concentration difficulties form a separate, unique PTSD factor. These results are discussed in relation to the role of Hyperarousal in PTSD's on-going symptom maintenance and in relation to the DSM-5.
    Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
  10. Seen Heng Y, Sidi H, Nik Jaafar NR, Razali R, Ram H
    Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2013 Apr;5 Suppl 1:50-4.
    PMID: 23857837 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12044
    This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the construct of the phases of the female sexual response cycle (SRC) among women attending an infertility clinic in a Malaysian tertiary center.
    Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
  11. Bahari SF, Clarke S
    J Safety Res, 2013 Jun;45:1-6.
    PMID: 23708470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2012.12.003
    Whilst substantial research has investigated the nature of safety climate, and its importance as a leading indicator of organisational safety, much of this research has been conducted with Western industrial samples. The current study focuses on the cross-validation of a safety climate model in the non-Western industrial context of Malaysian manufacturing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
  12. Saddki N, Mohamad H, Mohd Yusof NI, Mohamad D, Mokhtar N, Wan Bakar WZ
    Health Qual Life Outcomes, 2013 Jun 20;11:100.
    PMID: 23786866 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-11-100
    BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Malay translated Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Index (SAQLI) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

    METHODS: In this cross sectional study, the Malay version of SAQLI was administered to 82 OSA patients seen at the OSA Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia prior to their treatment. Additionally, the patients were asked to complete the Malay version of Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-36). Twenty-three patients completed the Malay version of SAQLI again after 1-2 weeks to assess its reliability.

    RESULTS: Initial factor analysis of the 40-item Malay version of SAQLI resulted in four factors with eigenvalues >1. All items had factor loadings >0.5 but one of the factors was unstable with only two items. However, both items were maintained due to their high communalities and the analysis was repeated with a forced three factor solution. Variance accounted by the three factors was 78.17% with 9-18 items per factor. All items had primary loadings over 0.5 although the loadings were inconsistent with the proposed construct. The Cronbach's alpha values were very high for all domains, >0.90. The instrument was able to discriminate between patients with mild or moderate and severe OSA. The Malay version of SAQLI correlated positively with the SF-36. The intraclass correlation coefficients for all domains were >0.90.

    CONCLUSIONS: In light of these preliminary observations, we concluded that the Malay version of SAQLI has a high degree of internal consistency and concurrent validity albeit demonstrating a slightly different construct than the original version. The responsiveness of the questionnaire to changes in health-related quality of life following OSA treatment is yet to be determined.

    Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
  13. Mustapha A, Aris AZ, Juahir H, Ramli MF, Kura NU
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2013 Aug;20(8):5630-44.
    PMID: 23443942 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1542-z
    Jakara River Basin has been extensively studied to assess the overall water quality and to identify the major variables responsible for water quality variations in the basin. A total of 27 sampling points were selected in the riverine network of the Upper Jakara River Basin. Water samples were collected in triplicate and analyzed for physicochemical variables. Pearson product-moment correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship of water quality parameters and revealed a significant relationship between salinity, conductivity with dissolved solids (DS) and 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and nitrogen in form of ammonia (NH4). Partial correlation analysis (r p) results showed that there is a strong relationship between salinity and turbidity (r p=0.930, p=0.001) and BOD5 and COD (r p=0.839, p=0.001) controlling for the linear effects of conductivity and NH4, respectively. Principal component analysis and or factor analysis was used to investigate the origin of each water quality parameter in the Jakara Basin and identified three major factors explaining 68.11 % of the total variance in water quality. The major variations are related to anthropogenic activities (irrigation agricultural, construction activities, clearing of land, and domestic waste disposal) and natural processes (erosion of river bank and runoff). Discriminant analysis (DA) was applied on the dataset to maximize the similarities between group relative to within-group variance of the parameters. DA provided better results with great discriminatory ability using eight variables (DO, BOD5, COD, SS, NH4, conductivity, salinity, and DS) as the most statistically significantly responsible for surface water quality variation in the area. The present study, however, makes several noteworthy contributions to the existing knowledge on the spatial variations of surface water quality and is believed to serve as a baseline data for further studies. Future research should therefore concentrate on the investigation of temporal variations of water quality in the basin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
  14. Ajorlo M, Abdullah RB, Yusoff MK, Halim RA, Hanif AH, Willms WD, et al.
    Environ Monit Assess, 2013 Oct;185(10):8649-58.
    PMID: 23604787 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3201-8
    This study investigates the applicability of multivariate statistical techniques including cluster analysis (CA), discriminant analysis (DA), and factor analysis (FA) for the assessment of seasonal variations in the surface water quality of tropical pastures. The study was carried out in the TPU catchment, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The dataset consisted of 1-year monitoring of 14 parameters at six sampling sites. The CA yielded two groups of similarity between the sampling sites, i.e., less polluted (LP) and moderately polluted (MP) at temporal scale. Fecal coliform (FC), NO3, DO, and pH were significantly related to the stream grouping in the dry season, whereas NH3, BOD, Escherichia coli, and FC were significantly related to the stream grouping in the rainy season. The best predictors for distinguishing clusters in temporal scale were FC, NH3, and E. coli, respectively. FC, E. coli, and BOD with strong positive loadings were introduced as the first varifactors in the dry season which indicates the biological source of variability. EC with a strong positive loading and DO with a strong negative loading were introduced as the first varifactors in the rainy season, which represents the physiochemical source of variability. Multivariate statistical techniques were effective analytical techniques for classification and processing of large datasets of water quality and the identification of major sources of water pollution in tropical pastures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
  15. Owuamalam C, Zagefka H
    Br J Psychol, 2013 Nov;104(4):543-62.
    PMID: 24094283 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12006
    This article examines the implications of perceived negativity from members of a dominant outgroup on the world views and perceived relative group worth of members of disadvantaged groups. We hypothesized that concerns about the negative opinions a dominant outgroup is perceived to hold of the ingroup (i.e., meta-stereotypes) would undermine group members' views about societal fairness. We expected this trend to be mediated by recall of previous personal experiences of discrimination. We further hypothesized that members' views about societal fairness would predict their perception of the ingroup's worth relative to the outgroup - such that undermined views about societal fairness would be associated with lower perceived ingroup worth relative to the outgroup. Taken jointly, results from two studies using two real intergroup contexts support these hypotheses and are discussed in terms of their implications for the social mobility of members of disadvantaged groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
  16. Majid HA, Bin Sidek MA, Chinna K
    Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S64-6.
    PMID: 23298820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.12.021
    To investigate the psychometric properties of the developed 21 item questionnaire to measure definitions, attitudes and management practices in relation to diarrhea during enteral nutrition (DAPonDEN).
    Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
  17. Kheng, Seang Lim, Wan, Yuen Choo, Wu, Cathie, Hills, Micheal D., Chong, Tin Tan
    Neurology Asia, 2013;18(3):261-270.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: None of the quantitative scale for public attitudes toward epilepsy was translated to Chinese language. This study aimed to translate and test the validity and reliability of a Chinese version of the Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (PATE) scale. Methods: The translation was performed according to standard principles and tested in 140 Chinese-speaking adults aged more than 18 years for psychometric validation. Results: The items in each domain had similar standard deviations (equal item variance), ranged from 0.85-0.95 in personal domain and 0.75-1.04 in general domain. The correlation between an item and its domain was 0.4 and above for all, and higher than the correlation with the other domain. Multitrait analysis showed the Chinese PATE had a similar variance, floor and ceiling effects, and relative relationship between the domains, as the original PATE. The Chinese PATE scale showed a similar correlation with almost all demographic variable except age. Item means were generally clustered in the factor analysis as hypothesized. The Cronbach’s α values was within acceptable range (0.773) in the personal domain and satisfactory range (0.693) in the general domain. Conclusion: The Chinese PATE scale is a validated and reliable translated version in measuring the public attitudes toward epilepsy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
  18. Mohammad Rahim, K., Nadiah Syariani, M.S., Azizah, O., Geshina Ayu, M.S.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Cognitive distortion seems to be a potential force in shaping criminals and antisocial behaviour within an individual. Unfortunately there is no valid Malay psychometric instrument available to measure cognitive distortion in Malaysian settings, especially in prisons. There is an urgent need to have a valid and reliable Malay psychometric instrument to assess the cognitive distortion among Malaysians. Therefore, the present study aimed to validate “How I Think” Questionnaire into the Malay language (henceforth, HIT-M). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among inmates (n= 150) incarcerated within two prisons in Peninsular Malaysia. The validation study commenced with Forward-Backward translations and was followed by content and face validities. Later, construct validity was
    performed via Exploratory Factor Analysis using Principal Component Analysis. Varimax rotation was applied in order to optimize the factor loadings on the extracted component. Finally, reliability testing was
    performed to determine the internal consistency of the items which was done using Cronbach Alpha coefficient method (α). Findings: Initial factor loadings resulted in 11 factors with a total variance of 74.1%. Next, factor analysis was repeated by extracting the items into a four factor structure parallel to the theoretical construct. Items with factor loadings above 0.40 were retained as acceptable factor loadings. After considering factor loadings, item correlation and content of items, the final version of HIT-M consisted of 24 items. The internal consistency of HIT-M was 0.90 which was considered good. Conclusion: HIT-M is a valid and reliable psychometric instrument to measure and assess cognitive distortion among Malaysians.
    Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
  19. Talwar, P., Mohd Fadzil, A.R.
    MyJurnal
    Background: Social support is the perception that one is cared for, has assistance available from friends and significant others. Social support can be measured by The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. This scale has been widely used and validated in different languages. Objective: To determine the factor structure of The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support scale and find its reliability. Method: The study was conducted in one of the Universities in Malaysia. The undergraduate students who volunteered to participate in the study were explained about the purpose of the study and implications. The English version of Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support scale (MSPSS) that was administered. In all 313 undergraduate students were studied. Exploratory factor analysis, with varimax rotation, was applied to the data Results: The three factor solution accounted for 80.51 % of the total variance. The procedure output has an overall alpha of 0.921. Conclusion: The MSPSS appears to be good enough to be used in Malaysia however more studies are required.
    Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
  20. Zuraida, A.S., Mohammad Basri, R., Ho, C.E.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: This study is an attempt to produce an abbreviated Malay version of Weight and Lifestyle Inventory (MWALI), as well as to examine the psychometric properties of the eating behavior which formed part of MWALI. Methods: The MWALI was translated ‘forward–backward’ from English to Malay and then administered to 135 adolescents. The factor construct of the 24-item eating behavior and the relationships between factor scores and demographic profile, dysphoria, global self-esteem and body mass index (BMI) were examined. Results: The exploratory factor analysis yielded five factors: Negative Emotion, Poor Impulse Control, Social Cues, Snacking and Early Meals in relation to over-eating. All the factors were significantly and positively correlated with BMI. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the eating behavior were satisfactory. Conclusion: MWALI is appropriate for assessing eating behavior among overweight and obese adolescents in the primary care setting in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Factor Analysis, Statistical
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