Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 68 in total

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  1. Fulltext Analysis of sequence variations in low-density lipoprotein receptor gene among Malaysian patients with familial hypercholesterolemia
    Al-Khateeb A, Zahri MK, Mohamed MS, Sasongko TH, Ibrahim S, Yusof Z, et al.
    BMC Med Genet, 2011;12:40.
    PMID: 21418584 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-40
    Familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic disorder mainly caused by defects in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene. Few and limited analyses of familial hypercholesterolemia have been performed in Malaysia, and the underlying mutations therefore remain largely unknown.We studied a group of 154 unrelated FH patients from a northern area of Malaysia (Kelantan). The promoter region and exons 2-15 of the LDLR gene were screened by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography to detect short deletions and nucleotide substitutions, and by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification to detect large rearrangements.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipoproteins, LDL/blood
  2. Fulltext Inhibitory effect on in vitro LDL oxidation and HMG Co-A reductase activity of the liquid-liquid partitioned fractions of Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Persoon (lion's mane mushroom)
    Rahman MA, Abdullah N, Aminudin N
    Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:828149.
    PMID: 24959591 DOI: 10.1155/2014/828149
    Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has been strongly suggested as the key factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Mushrooms have been implicated in having preventive effects against chronic diseases due especially to their antioxidant properties. In this study, in vitro inhibitory effect of Hericium erinaceus on LDL oxidation and the activity of the cholesterol biosynthetic key enzyme, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG Co-A) reductase, was evaluated using five liquid-liquid solvent fractions consisting of methanol : dichloromethane (M : DCM), hexane (HEX), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA), and aqueous residue (AQ). The hexane fraction showed the highest inhibition of oxidation of human LDL as reflected by the increased lag time (100 mins) for the formation of conjugated diene (CD) at 1 µg/mL and decreased production (68.28%, IC50 0.73 mg/mL) of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) at 1 mg/mL. It also mostly inhibited (59.91%) the activity of the HMG Co-A reductase at 10 mg/mL. The GC-MS profiling of the hexane fraction identified the presence of myconutrients: inter alia, ergosterol and linoleic acid. Thus, hexane fraction of Hericium erinaceus was found to be the most potent in vitro inhibitor of both LDL oxidation and HMG Co-A reductase activity having therapeutic potential for the prevention of oxidative stress-mediated vascular diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism*
  3. Fulltext The hypocholesterolemic effect of germinated brown rice involves the upregulation of the apolipoprotein A1 and low-density lipoprotein receptor genes
    Imam MU, Ismail M, Omar AR, Ithnin H
    J Diabetes Res, 2013;2013:134694.
    PMID: 23671850 DOI: 10.1155/2013/134694
    Germinated brown rice (GBR) is rich in bioactive compounds, which confer GBR with many functional properties. Evidence of its hypocholesterolemic effects is emerging, but the exact mechanisms of action and bioactive compounds involved have not been fully documented. Using type 2 diabetic rats, we studied the effects of white rice, GBR, and brown rice (BR) on lipid profile and on the regulation of selected genes involved in cholesterol metabolism. Our results showed that the upregulation of apolipoprotein A1 and low-density lipoprotein receptor genes was involved in the hypocholesterolemic effects of GBR. Additionally, in vitro studies using HEPG2 cells showed that acylated steryl glycoside, gamma amino butyric acid, and oryzanol and phenolic extracts of GBR contribute to the nutrigenomic regulation of these genes. Transcriptional and nontranscriptional mechanisms are likely involved in the overall hypocholesterolemic effects of GBR suggesting that it may have an impact on the prevention and/or management of hypercholesterolemia due to a wide variety of metabolic perturbations. However, there is need to conduct long-term clinical trials to determine the clinical relevance of the hypocholesterolemic effects of GBR determined through animal studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipoproteins, LDL
  4. Impact of saturated and trans fatty acid enriched oil blends on atherosclerosis in rabbits fed cholesterol-free diets
    Sundram K, Pathmanathan R, Wong KT, Baskaran G
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 1997 Mar;6(1):31-5.
    PMID: 24394650
    Thirty six-male New Zealand White rabbits subdivided into four dietary groups (9 animals per group) were fed high fat (36% en), cholesterol-free diets for nine months. The dietary oil blends were formulated to contain high levels of the target fatty acids namely trans-rich (partially hydrogenated soybean oil; TRANS), cis monounsaturated-rich (rapeseed, sunflower seed oil and palm olein; MONO), palmitic-rich (palm olein; POL) and lauric-myristic rich (coconut, palm kernel and corn oils; LM). Ad libitum feeding of the rabbits resulted in normal growth throughout the nine months and no differences in the final body weights of the animals were evident at autopsy. Plasma total cholesterol was significantly elevated only by the LM enriched diet compared with all other treatments; values were comparable between the other three treatment groups. Changes in the total cholesterol were not reflected in the VLDL and LDL lipoproteins. However, HDL-cholesterol was significantly lowered by the TRANS diet compared with all other dietary groups. HDL-cholesterol was also significantly increased by the LM diet in comparison to the POL-diet. Both adipose and liver triglyceride fatty acid compositions tended to reflect the type of fatty acids fed the animals. Trans fatty acids were evident only in animals fed the trans diet and it was apparent that the trans fatty acids competed with linoleic acid for incorporation into these tissues. Increased concentrations of lauric and myristic fatty acids in the LM-fed animals were also evident. In the POL and high MONO fed rabbits, palmitic and oleic fatty acids (respectively) were concentrated in the adipose and liver. The diets, however, failed to induce severe atherosclerosis in this study. This can be explained, in part, by the lack of dietary cholesterol and the use of plant (rather than animal) proteins in our dietary formulations. The effect of these important atherosclerosis modulators in association with these fatty acids requires further evaluation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipoproteins, LDL
  5. Fulltext Association of early life factors with dyslipidemia in children and adolescents: The CASPIAN-V study
    Vard B, Adham A, Riahi R, Karimi G, Esmail Motlagh M, Heshmat R, et al.
    Health Promot Perspect, 2020;10(4):349-358.
    PMID: 33312930 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2020.53
    Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between prenatal/infancy factors and lipid profile in children and adolescents. Methods: This multicentric national study was conducted in 30 provinces in Iran. It comprised 4200 participants, aged 7-18 years, from the fifth survey of a national surveillance program. History regarding birth weight, as well as the type of consumed milk and food during infancy was obtained from parents. In addition to physical examinations, fasting blood samples were obtained to assess the lipid profile of these students. Results: Data from 3844 participants were available (91.5% participation rate), 52.4 % of students were boys. Mean (SD) age of participants was 12.3(3.2) years. Consuming cow milk in the first two years significantly increased the risk of high triglycerides (TG) (odds ratio [OR]:2.77, 95% CI: 1.32-5.85, P: 0.01), elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P<0.05) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P <0.05). Students who had consumed commercially made food as complementary feeding were 93% more likely to have high LDL (OR: 1.93, 95% CI=1.19-3.13, P: 0.01) and 90% more likely to have high TG than students who had consumed homemade food (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.15-3.12, P: 0.01). The aforementioned figures were not significantly associated with an elevated total cholesterol (TC) level. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the history of using human milk and home-made food as complementary feeding was associated with better lipid profile in childhood and early adolescence. Increasing public knowledge in this regard might be useful for encouragement of healthier life prevention of chronic diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipoproteins, LDL
  6. Fulltext Dietary patterns in relation to lipid profiles among Iranian adults
    Zaribaf F, Mohammadifard N, Sarrafzadegan N, Karimi G, Gholampour A, Azadbakht L
    J Cardiovasc Thorac Res, 2019;11(1):19-27.
    PMID: 31024668 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2019.04
    Introduction:
    Lipid metabolism is one of the main concerns of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. Little is known about the association between dietary patterns and dyslipidemia. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine such association among Iranian adults.
    Methods:
    This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1433 Iranian adults in Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP). Usual dietary intakes were assessed with the use of a 48 items food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Three major dietary patterns were identified: western, semi healthy and healthy fat patterns.
    Results:
    After adjustment, subjects in the upper quartiles of western dietary pattern were more likely to have high total cholesterol concentrations than those in the first quartile (odds ratio [OR]: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.25-3.42). Individuals with greater adherence to western dietary pattern had greater odds of having high low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels compared with those in the lowest quartiles (2.53; 1.45-4.40).
    Conclusion:
    Semi healthy dietary pattern was not associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Same trend was observed for healthy fat dietary pattern. Significant association was found between western dietary pattern and dyslipidemia among Iranian adults.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipoproteins, LDL
  7. Fulltext Trihoney reduces lipid peroxidation and enhances antioxidant enzyme activities in hypercholesterolaemic atherosclerotic rabbits
    Alfarisi, H. A. H., Ibrahim, M.,, Mohamed, Z. B. H., Hamdan, A. H., Che Mohamad, C. A.
    International Food Research Journal, 2020;27(3):568-575.
    MyJurnal
    Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) constitute a major pathogenic mechanism
    for the development of atherosclerosis. In the present work, the antioxidant potential of
    Trihoney was investigated in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. Thirty-six male New Zealand
    white (NZW) rabbits were grouped into: normal diet (C), normal diet with 0.6 g/kg/day of
    Trihoney (C+H), 1% cholesterol diet (HCD), 1% cholesterol diet with 0.3 g/kg/day of
    Trihoney (HCD+H1
    ), 1% cholesterol diet with 0.6 g/kg/day of Trihoney (HCD+H2
    ), and 1%
    cholesterol diet with 2 mg/kg/day of atorvastatin (HCD+At.). Animals were sacrificed following 12 weeks of treatment, and their serum was analysed for oxidised-low density lipoprotein
    (Ox-LDL). Serum and aortic tissue homogenate were assayed for superoxide dismutase
    (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Hypercholesterolemia
    caused a significant (p < 0.05) elevation in serum Ox-LDL and a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of antioxidant enzyme activities in serum of the HCD group. Trihoney induced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in antioxidant enzyme activities in serum as compared to the HCD
    group. The high cholesterol diet suppressed both antioxidant enzymes in aortic homogenate.
    Trihoney significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced both antioxidant enzymes in aortic homogenate.
    Hypercholesterolemia induced a significant (p < 0.05) elevation of serum lipid peroxidation in
    the HCD group. Trihoney caused a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of lipid peroxidation in
    aortic homogenate. These results demonstrated that Trihoney has the potential to ameliorate
    oxidative stress systemically, as well as locally in the atherosclerotic aorta.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipoproteins, LDL
  8. The effect of 10 days of energy-deficit diet and high-intensity exercise training on the plasma high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) level among healthy collegiate males
    Naharudin MN, Yusof A
    Eur J Sport Sci, 2021 Jan 18.
    PMID: 33357008 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1869836
    ABSTRACTAn energy-deficit (ED) diet increases lipid mobilisation, while endurance exercise improves lipid profile by promoting formation of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) among moderately active population. However, it is not clear whether ED with high-intensity exercise training can improve lipid profiles. Therefore, 20 recreationally active males (20.3 ± 2.7 years old with peak oxygen consumption (



    V

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    O2peak) of 2.8 ± 0.2 L min-1) with HDL concentration of 1.44 ± 0.32 mmol L-1, were evenly allocated to either an ED group (1590 ± 79 kcal day-1: 40% of total caloric omitted at lunchtime) or a control (CON) group (2570 ± 139 kcal day-1). Participants in both groups performed high-intensity cycling at 90%



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    O2peak at a constant workload for 8 min, 2 h after breakfast on day D0, D2, D4, D6, D8 and D10 (Dn is day number), after which blood samples were collected. In ED, compared to D0, triglycerides (TG) decreased on D6-10 (p LDL), total cholesterol (TC) increased on D2-10, while HDL progressively increased on D6-10 (p = .01) with a final value of 1.67 ± 0.24 mmol L-1. In CON, there were no changes in TG, TC and HDL while LDL was reduced on D8-10 (p = .01). Moreover, the proportions of TC/HDL and LDL/HDL increased in ED on D2-10 and D2-8 (p = .05), respectively, while LDL/HDL in CON was reduced on D8-10 (p = .01). In brief, 10 days of ED and a series of high-intensity exercise sessions show progressive elevation of HDL which suggest longer period is required to observe changes in lipid ratios.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipoproteins, LDL
  9. Fulltext Body mass index as the predictor of high sensitivity C-reactive protein: a risk marker of cardiovascular diseases
    Norshafawati, A.A., Rosita, J., Norhaizan, M.E.
    Malays J Nutr, 2014;20(3):291-301.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is an emerging risk marker for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In Malaysia, CVD has become a major health problem and the risk factors of CVD have also increased among the middle- aged. Thus, this study aimed to determine factors that influence the level of hs- CRPamongMalaysianadultsaged30-55years-old. Methods:One-hundredand twenty-two (n=122) adults working at an institution were selected systematically in this cross-sectional study. Body weight, height, hip and waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hs-CRP level, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein were measured. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, and total cholesterol: high-density lipoprotein ratio were calculated. Results: The sample consisted of 40.2% male and 59.8% female subjects with a mean age± SD of 41.93 ± 8.26 years. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed significant positive correlations between log hs-CRP level (mean± SD= 0.22 ± 0.50 mg/L; 95% CI= 0.13 - 0.31) and age, waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and total cholesterol: high-density lipoprotein ratio. However, multivariate analysis showed only BMI (R = 0.489, R2 = 0.239, adjusted R2 = 0.232, F = 37.626, p< 0.001) was a predictor of hs-CRP, the risk marker of CVD. Hs-CRP level was greater in overweight (25 - 29.9 kg/m2), and obese(> 30 kg/ m2) subjects (ANOVA p< 0.05) compared to normal weight subjects. Conclusion: BMI is a modifiable risk factor with the change being important for reducing CVD events among adults.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipoproteins, LDL
  10. Fulltext Genetic researches among malaysian familial hypercholesterolaemic population
    Al-Khateeb, A, Al-Talib, H
    JUMMEC, 2016;19(2):1-11.
    MyJurnal
    Background:
    Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is one of the most frequent inherited metabolic disorders that can lead
    to a risk of premature cardiovascular disease. Publications on FH are mainly from western patients as there is
    little research on Asians, including Malaysians. The aim of this review is to provide an up-to- date information
    on Malaysian studies on FH genotyping and its relation to the phenotype of the affected patients.
    Method:
    A search was conducted for data from online databases on FH in Malaysia.
    Results:
    The mutation spectrum for FH among Malaysian patients was extremely broad. The gene variants were located
    mainly in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB-100) genes rather than
    in the proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) gene. The exon 9 and 14 were the hotspots in the
    LDLR gene. The most frequent mutation was p.Cys255Ser, at 12.5%, followed by p.Arg471Gly, at 11%, and the
    most common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was c.1060+7 T>C at 11.7%. The LDLR gene variants were
    more common compared to the APOB-100 gene variants, while variants in the PCSK9 gene were very few.
    Phenotype-genotype associations were identified. Subjects with LDLR and APOB-100 genes mutations had a
    higher frequency of cardiovascular disease, a family history of hyperlipidaemia and tendon xanthoma and a
    higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level than non-carriers.
    Conclusion:
    Research on Malaysian familial hypercholesterolaemic patients by individual groups is encouraging. However,
    more extensive molecular studies on FH on a national scale, with a screening of the disease-causing mutations
    together with a comprehensive genotype-phenotype association study, can lead to a better outcome for
    patients with the disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipoproteins, LDL
  11. Anticholesterol activity of anacardium occidentale linn. Does it involve in reverse cholesterol transport?
    Mohd Kamal Nik Hasan, Ihsan Safwan Kamarazaman, Nur Zalikha Mohd Taza, Rasadah Mat Ali, Mohd Shahidan Mohd Arshad, Zamree Md Shah, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1501-1510.
    Anacardium occidentale belongs to the Anacardiaceae family. It had been scientifically proven to have antihypercholesterolemia effect in high cholesterol diet induced animal laboratory study. However there is no study regarding the mechanisms involves in cholesterol reducing effect by A. occidentale leaves extract. In this study, cytotoxic assessment and anti-cholesterol activity of A. occidentale leaves aqueous extract (AOE) were investigated. Cytotoxic study was performed by exposing hepatoma cell (Hep G2) towards AOE with concentration ranging from 0.002 to 20 mg/mL for 24 h. Anacardium occidentale extract was found to be not toxic to the cell. Then, the highest and not toxic AOE concentrations (20, 10, 5 and 2.5 mg/mL) were selected for anti-cholesterol study. The ability of AOE to reduce cholesterol in cell culture experiment was carried out by pretreating Hep G2 with selected concentrations of AOE in 6-well plate before the cell was exposed to low density lipoprotein (LDL). The concentration of farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase (FDFT1), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1), lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL R), scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1), ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA-1) and hepatic lipase (HL) were determined from the 6-well plate media. The results showed that AOE did not significantly increase the concentration of LDLR. However, AOE significantly increased the concentration of FDFT1, APO A1, LCAT, SRB-1, ABCA-1 and HL. The HMGR activity experiment showed that all selected AOE concentrations cannot significantly reduce the HMGR enzyme activity. These findings suggested that AOE may involve in reverse cholesterol transport process to reduce cholesterol metabolism in Hep G2 cell.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipoproteins, LDL
  12. Influence of bariatric surgery on weight reduction and control of chronic disease among obese patients in Malaysia
    Tan KC, Chang CT, Cheah WK, Vinayak CR, Chan HK
    Med J Malaysia, 2019 Jun;74(3):215-218.
    PMID: 31256176
    INTRODUCTION: This study was designed to determine the influence of bariatric surgery on changes in the body mass index (BMI), and the control of diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia among obese patients in Malaysia.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study undertaken at a public tertiary care centre in the state of Perak, Malaysia. Information of obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery was obtained from their medical records. The changes in the BMI, HbA1C, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), and lipid levels between three months before and after the surgery were assessed.

    RESULTS: The patients (n=106) were mostly Malay (66.0%), had at least one comorbidity (61.3%), and had a mean age of 40.38±11.75 years. Following surgery, the BMI of the patients was found to reduce by 9.78±5.82kg/m2. For the patients who had diabetes (n=24) and hypertension (n=47), their mean HbA1C, SBP and DBP were also shown to reduce significantly by 2.02±2.13%, 17.19±16.97mmHg, and 11.45±12.63mmHg, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein levels of those who had dyslipidaemia (n=21) were, respectively, lowered by 0.91±1.18mmol/L, 0.69±1.11mmol/L and 0.47±0.52mmol/L.

    CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that in addition to weight reduction, bariatric surgery is helpful in improving the diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia control among obese patients. However, a large-scale trial with a control group is required to verify our findings.

    Matched MeSH terms: Lipoproteins, LDL
  13. Evaluation of antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic potential of Nelumbo Nucifera seeds in diabetic rats
    Khan SH, Ali F, Shah A, Kamran F, Jahan S
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1517-1523.
    The present study was aimed at evaluating antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activity of nuciferin and
    norcoclaurine constituents of N. nucifera seeds, a well-known medicinal plant. The alloxan (100 mg/kg b.w) induced
    diabetic rats (200-250 g) were divided into seven groups (n = 6). Group I; normal control, Group II; diabetic control,
    Group III; standard, Group lV-VII were fed with methanolic crude extracts (100, 200 mg/kg), nuciferin and norcoclaurine
    (10 mg/kg b.w.), received for 15 days in dose dependent manner. The study included different parameters; examination of
    oral glucose, fasting blood glucose, serum lipid profile and checking for body weight changes. In oral glucose examination,
    within 60 and 80 min of treatment, extracts, nuciferin and norcoclaurine significantly reduced blood glucose (p<0.05)
    and restored body weight in diabetic rats. Alloxan- induced diabetic rats showed 30-50% reduction of blood glucose
    level (p<0.05) and recovered 5-20% body weight at day 15 after ingestion of crude extracts (100-200 mg/kg b.w.); and
    nuciferin and norcoclaurine (each at 10 mg/kg b.w.). It also recovered significantly elevated biochemical parameters such
    as triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), serum urea and
    creatinine. Our findings indicated that N. nucifera seeds possess significant antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic
    activity in diabetic rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipoproteins, LDL
  14. Hibiscus sabdariffa linn. (roselle) protects against nicotine-induced heart damage in rats
    Satirah Zainalabidin, Siti Nor Farhanah Sh Nor Shabidin, Siti Balkis Budin
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:207-214.
    Nicotine has been identified as one of the causal factor for oxidative stress, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Roselle has been widely studied for its potential as an antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic and antihypertensive. However, no studies have been done to investigate if roselle could diminish the oxidative stress caused by nicotine which could further lead to cardiac damages. Thus, this study was aimed to investigate the effect of roselle extract (HSE) on blood pressure, serum lipid profile, oxidative stress marker levels and histological changes to the heart in nicotine-treated rats. A total of 21 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=7 per group): Control group received normal saline (0.5 mL/day, i.p); nicotine group received 0.6 mg/kg/BW nicotine (i.p); and treated group received 100 mg/kg/b.w HSE through oral force feeding followed with 0.6 mg/kg/b.w nicotine (i.p) for 21 consecutive days. The results showed that HSE significantly (p>0.05) reduced the heart rate but no effect to the blood pressure. For lipid profile study, HSE increased the high-density lipoprotein concentration significantly (p<0.05) in rats given with nicotine, without any significant changes in total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration. Besides, HSE treatment was also found to reverse malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dimustase (SOD) enzyme activity and protein concentration significantly (p<0.05) in nicotine-treated rats. In summary, these results indicated that HSE is an effective antioxidant against oxidative damage in heart caused by nicotine, but not as antihyperlipidemic and antihypertensive agent in this rat model.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipoproteins, LDL
  15. Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf extracts reverse metabolic syndrome in Sprague Dawley rats fed high-fructose high fat diet for 60-days
    Irfan HM, Khan NAK, Asmawi MZ
    Arch Physiol Biochem, 2020 May 15.
    PMID: 32412306 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1762661
    Background:Moringa oleifera Lam. has been used traditionally for the treatment of different cardio-metabolic disorders. So, the aim was to assess its leaf extracts in metabolic syndrome rat model.Methods: Out of the total 36-rats, 6 rats were given normal matched diet (NMD) while the rest were provided high-fat diet and 20% fructose (HFD-20%F). Moringa oleifera leaf extracts were administered orally for 30 days. Body weight, blood glucose, BMI, blood pressure, lipids, insulin, insulin resistance, MCP-1, visceral fat and liver weight were evaluated.Results: Sixty-days feeding with HFD-20%F produced the metabolic syndrome features like hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), visceral fat, and liver weight significantly (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipoproteins, LDL
  16. Antihyperlipidemic, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Different Parts of Star Fruit
    Saghir SA, Sadikun A, Al-Suede FS, Majid AM, Murugaiyah V
    Curr Pharm Biotechnol, 2016 6 6;17(10):915-25.
    PMID: 27262321 DOI: 10.2174/1389201017666160603013434
    BACKGROUND: Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) is a well-known plant in Malaysia which bears a great significance in traditional medicine.

    OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic effect, antioxidant potential and cytotoxicity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of ripe and unripe fruits, leaves and stem of A. carambola.

    METHODS: Antihyperlipidemic activity was assessed in poloxamer-407 (P-407) induced acute hyperlipidemic rat's model. The antioxidant activity was assessed in vitro using 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, 1-diphenyl-2-dipicrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. In addition, cytotoxicity of A. carambola extracts was assessed using MTS assay on four leukemic cell lines (human colon cancer, human promyeloid leukemia, erythroid leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia) and one normal cell (human umbilical vein endothelial cells).

    RESULTS: Methanolic extract of leaves had the most potent antihyperlipidemic activity in P-407 model, whereby it significantly reduced serum levels of total cholesterol (P<0.01), triglycerides (P<0.01), low-density lipoprotein (P<0.05), verylow- density lipoprotein (P<0.01) and atherogenic index (P<0.01). On the other hand, methanolic extracts of A. carambola stem and leaves showed the strongest antioxidant activity. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts exhibited significant correlations with antioxidant but not with antihyperlipidemic activities. All plant parts showed no cytotoxic effect on the selected cancer or normal cell lines.

    CONCLUSION: Antihyperlipidemic activity of different parts of A. carambola is greatly affected by extraction solvents used. Methanolic extract of A. carambola leaves exhibited higher antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant potentials compared to other parts of the plant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipoproteins, LDL
  17. Fulltext Overviews of Biological Importance of Quercetin: A Bioactive Flavonoid
    Anand David AV, Arulmoli R, Parasuraman S
    Pharmacogn Rev, 2017 1 14;10(20):84-89.
    PMID: 28082789 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.194044
    Antioxidants are substances that may protect cells from the damage caused by unstable molecules such as free radicals. Flavonoids are phenolic substances widely found in fruits and vegetables. The previous studies showed that the ingestion of flavonoids reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and certain types of cancer. These effects are due to the physiological activity of flavonoids in the reduction of oxidative stress, inhibiting low-density lipoproteins oxidation and platelet aggregation, and acting as vasodilators in blood vessels. Free radicals are constantly generated resulting in extensive damage to tissues leading to various disease conditions such as cancer, Alzheimer's, renal diseases, cardiac abnormalities, etc., Medicinal plants with antioxidant properties play a vital functions in exhibiting beneficial effects and employed as an alternative source of medicine to mitigate the disease associated with oxidative stress. Flavonoids have existed over one billion years and possess wide spectrum of biological activities that might be able to influence processes which are dysregulated in a disease. Quercetin, a plant pigment is a potent antioxidant flavonoid and more specifically a flavonol, found mostly in onions, grapes, berries, cherries, broccoli, and citrus fruits. It is a versatile antioxidant known to possess protective abilities against tissue injury induced by various drug toxicities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipoproteins, LDL
  18. Nutritional values and bioactive components of under-utilised vegetables consumed by indigenous people in Malaysia
    Abdul Wahab N, Ahdan R, Ahmad Aufa Z, Kong KW, Johar MH, Shariff Mohd Z, et al.
    J Sci Food Agric, 2015 Oct;95(13):2704-11.
    PMID: 25410129 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7006
    Diverse plants species in the forest remain under-utilised and they are mainly consumed only by local people. However, increasing issues in food security prompted the present study, which explores the nutritional and antioxidant aspects of Malaysian under-utilised vegetables. The studied vegetables were Paku Nyai (Stenochlaena palustris), Cemperai (Champereia manillana), Maman Pasir (Cleome viscose), Dudung (Erechtites valerianifolia) and Semambuk (Ardisia pendula).
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism
  19. Fulltext Inhibition of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation by anthocyanins from defatted Canarium odontophyllum pericarp and peel using in vitro bioassays
    Khoo HE, Azlan A, Ismail A, Abas F, Hamid M
    PLoS One, 2014;9(1):e81447.
    PMID: 24416130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081447
    Canarium odontophyllum, also known as CO, is a highly nutritious fruit. Defatted parts of CO fruit are potent sources of nutraceutical. This study aimed to determine oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation effects of defatted CO pericarp and peel extracts using in vitro bioassays. Cell cytotoxic effect of the CO pericarp and peel extracts were also evaluated using HUVEC and Chang liver cell lines. The crude extracts of defatted CO peel and pericarp showed cytoprotective effects in t-BHP and 40% methanol-induced cell death. The crude extracts also showed no toxic effect to Chang liver cell line. Using CD36 ELISA, NAD(+) and LDL inhibition assays, inhibition of oxidative stress were found higher in the crude extract of defatted CO peel compared to the pericarp extract. Hemoglobin and LDL oxidation assays revealed both crude extracts had significantly reduced lipid peroxidation as compared to control. TBARS values among defatted CO pericarp, peel, and cyanidin-3-glucoside showed no significant differences for hemoglobin and LDL oxidation assays. The protective effects of defatted CO parts, especially its peel is related to the presence of high anthocyanin that potentially offers as a pharmaceutical ingredient for cardioprotection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism
  20. Fulltext Defatted Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Seed Meal and Its Phenolic-Saponin-Rich Extract Protect Hypercholesterolemic Rats against Oxidative Stress and Systemic Inflammation via Transcriptional Modulation of Hepatic Antioxidant Genes
    Chan KW, Ismail M, Mohd Esa N, Mohamed Alitheen NB, Imam MU, Ooi J, et al.
    Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2018;2018:6742571.
    PMID: 29849908 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6742571
    The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of defatted kenaf seed meal (DKSM) and its phenolic-saponin-rich extract (PSRE) in hypercholesterolemic rats. Hypercholesterolemia was induced using atherogenic diet feeding, and dietary interventions were conducted by incorporating DKSM (15% and 30%) or PSRE (at 2.3% and 4.6%, resp., equivalent to the total content of DKSM-phenolics and saponins in the DKSM groups) into the atherogenic diets. After ten weeks of intervention, serum total antioxidant capacities of hypercholesterolemic rats were significantly enhanced by DKSM and PSRE supplementation (p < 0.05). Similarly, DKSM and PSRE supplementation upregulated the hepatic mRNA expression of antioxidant genes (Nrf2, Sod1, Sod2, Gsr, and Gpx1) of hypercholesterolemic rats (p < 0.05), except for Gpx1 in the DKSM groups. The levels of circulating oxidized LDL and proinflammatory biomarkers were also markedly suppressed by DKSM and PSRE supplementation (p < 0.05). In aggregate, DKSM and PSRE attenuated the hypercholesterolemia-associated oxidative stress and systemic inflammation in rats, potentially by enhancement of hepatic endogenous antioxidant defense via activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway, which may be contributed by the rich content of phenolics and saponins in DKSM and PSRE. Hence, DKSM and PSRE are prospective functional food ingredients for the potential mitigation of atherogenic risks in hypercholesterolemic individuals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipoproteins, LDL/blood
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