Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 765 in total

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  1. A rare case of cervical hypoglossal nerve neurofibromas in a patient with type 1 neurofibromatosis
    Lum SG, Baki MM, Yunus MRM
    Braz J Otorhinolaryngol, 2021 Feb 25.
    PMID: 33707119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.01.006
    BACKGROUND: Neurofibromas are benign peripheral nerve sheath tumours. Hypoglossal nerve neurofibromas in cervical region are relatively rare, bilateral occurrence is extremely rare.

    METHODS: A 32-year-old man with type 1 neurofibromatosis presented with bilateral neck masses. Magnetic resonance imaging showed parapharyngeal masses consistent with neurogenic tumours, most likely neurofibromas.

    RESULTS: Surgical exploration through lateral cervical approach revealed unexpected finding of the tumour that arose from the hypoglossal nerve. The tumour had totally engulfed the nerve with no normal nerve fascicles identifiable, thus resected in toto. In the postoperative course, the patient developed right hypoglossal palsy and vocal fold palsy treated with augmentation of the paralysed vocal fold with temporary injection material.

    CONCLUSIONS: The authors described a patient with type 1 neurofibromatosis with neurofibroma originating from cervical part of hypoglossal nerve. This paper discussed this rare condition and the management on how to improve the treatment outcome.

    Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  2. Fulltext A rare case of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in prepubertal age
    Nurul Najieha Amir, Nor Fadhilah Mohamad, Mimiwati Zahari, Choo May May
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(3):331-333.
    MyJurnal
    A 2-year-old girl who was under genetic follow up for developmental delay and dysmorphism was accidentally found to have bilateral optic disc swelling during screening examination. She showed response to optokinetic drum examination and the anterior segment examination was unremarkable. Optic disc swellings were seen in both eyes. Lumbar puncture shows high opening pressure of 50 cm H2O with unremarkable CSF analysis. MRI of brain was done and showed features in keeping with mild cerebral atrophy, with no evidence of hydrocephalus or space oc- cupying lesion. She was diagnosed with idiopathic intracranial hypertension and oral acetazolamide 125mg bd was commenced. However, papilloedema persist despite medical therapy. Ventriculoperitonel shunt was inserted to re- duce the csf pressure. This case report highlights the importance of considering idiopathic intracranial hypertension as a cause of optic disc swelling in pre-pubertal children because delay in diagnosis and treatment may permanently affect visual function especially in children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  3. A rare case of paediatric meningioma masquerading as intra-axial lesion
    Tan LY, Tan AP
    Med J Malaysia, 2018 12;73(6):439-440.
    PMID: 30647227
    Meningiomas are neoplasm arising from meningoepithelial cells, most commonly in the fifth to sixth decade of life. Meningiomas are rare in paediatric population, accounting for 0.4-4.1% of all paediatric tumours and less than 3% of paediatric brain tumours. However, meningiomas represent the most common dural based tumours in children. We describe a rare case of paediatric fibroblastic meningioma within the left middle cranial fossa masquerading as an intra-axial mass lesion. Our discussion will be centred on atypical features of paediatric meningiomas and differential diagnosis of extra-axial mass lesion in the paediatric population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  4. Fulltext A rare case of paediatric pontine glioblastoma presenting as a cerebellopontine angle otogenic abscess
    Rasalingam K, Abdullah JM, Idris Z, Pal HK, Wahab N, Omar E, et al.
    Malays J Med Sci, 2008 Jan;15(1):44-8.
    PMID: 22589615
    We describe rare case of a 9-year old boy who presented with a two-week history of right ear discharge and mild fever. Contrast enhanced CT scan of the brain showed a lesion in the right cerebellopontine angle with mild enhancement mimicking early abscess formation. Involvement of the mastoid air cells pointing towards a radiological diagnosis of mastoiditis reinforced the diagnosis of an abscess. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was planned for the patient but his conscious level deteriorated and patient slipped into coma warranting immediate surgical intervention. Intraoperatively, about 90% of the tumour was removed and the appearance of the tumour resembled that of an acoustic schwannoma but histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of a glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). MRI done post operatively showed lesion in the pons confirming the diagnosis of an exophytic pontine glioblastoma multiforme.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  5. Fulltext A rare case of recurrent orbital solitary fibrous tumour with intracranial extension
    Ainal Adlin N, Umi Kalthum MN, Amizatul Aini S, Reena Rahayu MZ
    Journal of Surgical Academia, 2016;6(1):59-61.
    MyJurnal
    A 47-year-old lady, presented with progressive proptosis of left eye with deterioration of vision. She had a history of left solitary fibrous tumour and had undergone left frontal craniotomy and orbitotomy in 2004. Surveillance Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) six years later showed tumour recurrence with intracranial extension. However, she did not follow-up and only presented again 3 years, later. Tumour resection and left exenteration was performed. Histology showed ‘patternless’ pattern of neoplastic cells, and CD34 staining was diffusely positive. Diagnosis of recurrent solitary fibrous tumour with intracranial extension was made.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  6. Fulltext A rare case of unilateral Cogan's anterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia, upgaze palsy and ataxia caused by dorsal tegmentum lesion at pontomesencephalic junction
    Wai YZ, Ng QX, Lim TH, Lim LT
    BMC Ophthalmol, 2021 Feb 25;21(1):105.
    PMID: 33632162 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-01868-9
    BACKGROUND: Cogan's anterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) is characterized by INO with inability to converge and commonly thought to be due to rostral midbrain lesion. A lesion outside midbrain that causes unilateral Cogan's anterior INO combined with upgaze palsy and ataxia are rarely described.

    CASE PRESENTATION: A 67-year old male presented with left Cogan's anterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO), left appendicular ataxia and bilateral upgaze palsy. A Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) brain showed a left dorsal tegmental infarct at the level of pontomesencephalic junction.

    CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights the clinical importance of Cogan's anterior INO in combination with upgaze palsy and ataxia, and report possible site of lesion in patients with such constellation. Clinicians should consider looking for cerebellar signs in cases of Cogan's anterior INO, apart from just considering localizing the lesion at the midbrain.

    Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  7. Fulltext A rare cause of back pain and radiculopathy - spinal tophi: a case report
    Wan SA, Teh CL, Jobli AT, Cheong YK, Chin WV, Tan BB
    J Med Case Rep, 2019 Jan 08;13(1):8.
    PMID: 30626451 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-018-1940-4
    BACKGROUND: Gout is a monosodium urate deposition disease which is prevalent worldwide. The usual manifestations are crystal arthropathy and tophi deposition in the soft tissues. Spinal tophi may also occur and are rarely reported, resulting in various clinical manifestations such as back pain, spinal cord compression, radiculopathy, and even mimicking epidural abscess and spondylodiscitis.

    CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 42-year-old Chinese man with underlying gout who presented with back pain and radiculopathy. The diagnosis of spinal tophi was unsuspected and he was initially treated for epidural abscess and spondylodiscitis. He underwent a laminectomy and posterolateral fusion during which tophus material was discovered. He recovered and medications for gout were started.

    CONCLUSION: Spinal tophi are rare. The diagnosis is difficult and spinal tophi may be mistaken for epidural abscess, spondylodiscitis, or neoplasm.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  8. Fulltext A rare extrapyramidal manifestation in a patient with primary central nervous system lymphoma
    Tee TY, Khoo CS, Ibrahim NM, Osman SS
    Neurol India, 2019 3 13;67(1):297-299.
    PMID: 30860142 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.253620
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
  9. A review on segmentation of knee articular cartilage: from conventional methods towards deep learning
    Ebrahimkhani S, Jaward MH, Cicuttini FM, Dharmaratne A, Wang Y, de Herrera AGS
    Artif Intell Med, 2020 06;106:101851.
    PMID: 32593389 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2020.101851
    In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art approaches for knee articular cartilage segmentation from conventional techniques to deep learning (DL) based techniques. Knee articular cartilage segmentation on magnetic resonance (MR) images is of great importance in early diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA). Besides, segmentation allows estimating the articular cartilage loss rate which is utilised in clinical practice for assessing the disease progression and morphological changes. It has been traditionally applied in quantifying longitudinal knee OA progression pattern to detect and assess the articular cartilage thickness and volume. Topics covered include various image processing algorithms and major features of different segmentation techniques, feature computations and the performance evaluation metrics. This paper is intended to provide researchers with a broad overview of the currently existing methods in the field, as well as to highlight the shortcomings and potential considerations in the application at clinical practice. The survey showed that state-of-the-art techniques based on DL outperform the other segmentation methods. The analysis of the existing methods reveals that integration of DL-based algorithms with other traditional model-based approaches has achieved the best results (mean Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) between 85.8% and 90%).
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  10. A study of decoding human brain activities from simultaneous data of EEG and fMRI using MVPA
    Zafar R, Kamel N, Naufal M, Malik AS, Dass SC, Ahmad RF, et al.
    Australas Phys Eng Sci Med, 2018 Sep;41(3):633-645.
    PMID: 29948968 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-018-0656-5
    Neuroscientists have investigated the functionality of the brain in detail and achieved remarkable results but this area still need further research. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is considered as the most reliable and accurate technique to decode the human brain activity, on the other hand electroencephalography (EEG) is a portable and low cost solution in brain research. The purpose of this study is to find whether EEG can be used to decode the brain activity patterns like fMRI. In fMRI, data from a very specific brain region is enough to decode the brain activity patterns due to the quality of data. On the other hand, EEG can measure the rapid changes in neuronal activity patterns due to its higher temporal resolution i.e., in msec. These rapid changes mostly occur in different brain regions. In this study, multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) is used both for EEG and fMRI data analysis and the information is extracted from distributed activation patterns of the brain. The significant information among different classes is extracted using two sample t test in both data sets. Finally, the classification analysis is done using the support vector machine. A fair comparison of both data sets is done using the same analysis techniques, moreover simultaneously collected data of EEG and fMRI is used for this comparison. The final analysis is done with the data of eight participants; the average result of all conditions are found which is 65.7% for EEG data set and 64.1% for fMRI data set. It concludes that EEG is capable of doing brain decoding with the data from multiple brain regions. In other words, decoding accuracy with EEG MVPA is as good as fMRI MVPA and is above chance level.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging*
  11. Fulltext A study protocol: spinal morphology, physical performance, quality of life and biochemical markers in adults at risk of osteoporotic fractures
    Chua, S.K., Singh, Devinder K.A., Rajaratnam, B.S., Mokhtar, Sabarul A., Sridharan, R., Gan, K.B., et al.
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(4):1123-1134.
    MyJurnal
    Older adults are at risk of osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporotic vertebral fractures are associated with a reduced cross-sectional area and muscle strength of the back extensor muscles, increased intramuscular fat infiltration and thoracic and lumbar curvature alterations. This study proposed a protocol to examine in more detail the contributions of altered spinal morphological, physical performance and biochemical markers to the risk of developing osteoporotic vertebral fractures. In this cross-sectional study, we plan to recruit 100 adults aged 50 years and above from an orthopaedic clinic, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The fracture prediction tool (FRAX) will be used to categorise high and low risk groups. Back muscle strength will be quantified using a load cell system. Thoracolumbar curvatures will be examined using an electromagnetic tracking system and intramuscular fat infiltration in the lumbar muscles will be measured using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The Short Physical Performance Battery and JAMA dynamometer will quantify physical performance and the European Quality of Life Questionnaire will be used to assess self-perceived quality of life. Biochemical markers of serum C terminal telopeptide and N terminal propeptide of type I procollagen will be assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays kit. A spine-specific model using regression analysis will be developed to predict osteoporotic vertebral fractures using the measured parameters in the present study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  12. Fulltext A systematic review of olfactory-related brain structural changes in patients with congenital or acquired anosmia
    Manan HA, Yahya N, Han P, Hummel T
    Brain Struct Funct, 2022 Jan;227(1):177-202.
    PMID: 34635958 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02397-3
    Brain structural features of healthy individuals are associated with olfactory functions. However, due to the pathophysiological differences, congenital and acquired anosmia may exhibit different structural characteristics. A systematic review was undertaken to compare brain structural features between patients with congenital and acquired anosmia. A systematic search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus electronic databases to identify eligible reports on anosmia and structural changes and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Reports were extracted for information on demographics, psychophysical evaluation, and structural changes. Then, the report was systematically reviewed based on various aetiologies of anosmia in relation to (1) olfactory bulb, (2) olfactory sulcus, (3) grey matter (GM), and white matter (WM) changes. Twenty-eight published studies were identified. All studies reported consistent findings with strong associations between olfactory bulb volume and olfactory function across etiologies. However, the association of olfactory function with olfactory sulcus depth was inconsistent. The present study observed morphological variations in GM and WM volume in congenital and acquired anosmia. In acquired anosmia, reduced olfactory function is associated with reduced volumes and thickness involving the gyrus rectus, medial orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and cerebellum. These findings contrast to those observed in congenital anosmia, where a reduced olfactory function is associated with a larger volume and higher thickness in parts of the olfactory network, including the piriform cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and insula. The present review proposes that the structural characteristics in congenital and acquired anosmia are altered differently. The mechanisms behind these changes are likely to be multifactorial and involve the interaction with the environment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  13. A unilateral optic perineuritis in a teenager - A case report
    Ameilia A, Shatriah I, Wan-Hitam WH, Yunus R
    Brain Dev, 2015 Jun;37(6):635-7.
    PMID: 25457086 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2014.09.011
    Optic perineuritis is an uncommon inflammatory disorder that involves optic nerve sheath. Numerous case reports have been published on optic perineuritis in adults, the majority of whom had bilateral presentation. There are limited data on optic perineuritis occurring in pediatric patients. We report a teenager who presented with a unilateral sign that mimicked the presentation of optic neuritis. The orbit and brain magnetic resonance imaging confirmed features of unilateral optic perineuritis. She was treated with a high dose of corticosteroids for 2weeks, and her final visual outcome was satisfactory. No signs of relapse were noted during follow-up visits.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  14. A viable secondary intra-abdominal pregnancy resulting from rupture of uterine scar: role of MRI
    Teng HC, Kumar G, Ramli NM
    Br J Radiol, 2007 Jul;80(955):e134-6.
    PMID: 17704308
    Pre-natal diagnosis of intra-abdominal pregnancy is difficult. Ultrasound has been the frontline modality to date; however, it gives a diagnostic error of 50-90% and its use is disappointing. In recent years, MRI has emerged as an appealing imaging modality. With its good soft tissue contrast and non-ionizing property, it acts as a means of definitive non-invasive assessment before surgical intervention when ultrasound is inconclusive.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging*
  15. A young lady with thalamic stroke mimicking acute Miller Fisher syndrome
    Hasan S, Stanslas J, Hin LP, Basri HB
    Neurosciences (Riyadh), 2012 Oct;17(4):380-1.
    PMID: 23022907
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  16. Fulltext AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient presenting with cerebellar ataxia
    Chang CY
    Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 2021;54:e02112021.
    PMID: 34105634 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0211-2021
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  17. Fulltext ASPP2 deficiency causes features of 1q41q42 microdeletion syndrome
    Zak J, Vives V, Szumska D, Vernet A, Schneider JE, Miller P, et al.
    Cell Death Differ, 2016 Dec;23(12):1973-1984.
    PMID: 27447114 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.76
    Chromosomal abnormalities are implicated in a substantial number of human developmental syndromes, but for many such disorders little is known about the causative genes. The recently described 1q41q42 microdeletion syndrome is characterized by characteristic dysmorphic features, intellectual disability and brain morphological abnormalities, but the precise genetic basis for these abnormalities remains unknown. Here, our detailed analysis of the genetic abnormalities of 1q41q42 microdeletion cases identified TP53BP2, which encodes apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53 2 (ASPP2), as a candidate gene for brain abnormalities. Consistent with this, Trp53bp2-deficient mice show dilation of lateral ventricles resembling the phenotype of 1q41q42 microdeletion patients. Trp53bp2 deficiency causes 100% neonatal lethality in the C57BL/6 background associated with a high incidence of neural tube defects and a range of developmental abnormalities such as congenital heart defects, coloboma, microphthalmia, urogenital and craniofacial abnormalities. Interestingly, abnormalities show a high degree of overlap with 1q41q42 microdeletion-associated abnormalities. These findings identify TP53BP2 as a strong candidate causative gene for central nervous system (CNS) defects in 1q41q42 microdeletion syndrome, and open new avenues for investigation of the mechanisms underlying CNS abnormalities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  18. Fulltext Acanthamoeba encephalitis in an immunocompetent child and review of the imaging features of intracranial acanthamoebic infections in immunocompetent patients
    Mohammad Hanafiah, Mohd Farhan Hamdan, Azura Mohamed Mukhari Shahizon, Wong, Sau Wei, Yoganathan Kanaheswari
    Neurology Asia, 2018;23(2):179-184.
    MyJurnal
    Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis caused by Acanthamoeba is a rare entity mainly affecting
    immunocompromised patients. We reported a case of Acanthamoeba encephalitis of a 1-year-old
    immunocompetent child and described the CT and MRI findings of the brain, while reviewing the
    relevant literatures. The imaging findings of Acanthamoeba meningoencepalitis in immunocompetent
    patients are non-specific and pose a diagnostic challenge.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  19. Fulltext Acardius amorphus: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be helpful in the diagnosis when ultrasound (US) is inconclusive
    Azian AA, Roslani AL
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Dec;66(5):510-2.
    PMID: 22390115 MyJurnal
    An acardiac twin is rare and the diagnosis is commonly achieved from antenatal ultrasound (US) scans. However there have been cases where the appearances of the acardiac twin can be confusing and mimics a mass or tumour, for example, a teratoma. We experienced a case where the findings were unclear from the antenatal ultrasound scans and we had to resort to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), where we finally made the correct diagnosis based on the identification of two umbilical cords, supplying the normal fetus and the 'mass' (acardiac twin) respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging*
  20. Accuracy of MRI in the diagnosis of meniscal tears in patients with chronic ACL tears
    Sharifah MI, Lee CL, Suraya A, Johan A, Syed AF, Tan SP
    Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2015 Mar;23(3):826-30.
    PMID: 24240983 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-013-2766-7
    PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing meniscal tears in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears and to determine the frequency of missed meniscal tears on MRI.

    METHODS: This prospective comparative study was conducted from 2009 to 2012. Patients with ACL injuries who underwent knee arthroscopy and MRI were included in the study. Two radiologists who were blinded to the clinical history and arthroscopic findings reviewed the pre-arthroscopic MR images. The presence and type of meniscal tears on MRI and arthroscopy were recorded. Arthroscopic findings were used as the reference standard. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) of MRI in the evaluation of meniscal tears were calculated.

    RESULTS: A total of 65 patients (66 knees) were included. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV for the MRI diagnosis of lateral meniscal tears in our patients were 83, 97, 92, 96, and 90 %, respectively, whereas those for medial meniscus tears were 82, 92, 88, 82, and 88 %, respectively. There were five false-negative diagnoses of medial meniscus tears and four false-negative diagnoses of lateral meniscus tears. The majority of missed meniscus tears on MRI affected the peripheral posterior horns.

    CONCLUSION: The sensitivity for diagnosing a meniscal tear was significantly higher when the tear involved more than one-third of the meniscus or the anterior horn. The sensitivity was significantly lower for tears located in the posterior horn and for vertically oriented tears. Therefore, special attention should be given to the peripheral posterior horns of the meniscus, which are common sites of injury that could be easily missed on MRI. The high NPVs obtained in this study suggest that MRI is a valuable tool prior to arthroscopy.

    Matched MeSH terms: Magnetic Resonance Imaging*
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