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Velopharyngeal and choanal stenosis after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Hussein J, Tan TS, Chong AW, Narayanan P, Omar R

Auris Nasus Larynx, 2013 Jun;40(3):323-6.
PMID: 22652485 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2012.05.004

Choanal stenosis is a well recognized late complication of radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However velopharyngeal stenosis post radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma is rare. We present here a case of bilateral choanal stenosis and velopharyngeal stenosis in a patient treated with radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A 58-year-old woman presented to our otolaryngology clinic with a one year history of nasal obstruction. She was diagnosed to have nasopharyngeal carcinoma 12 years ago for which she received radiotherapy. Clinical examination revealed bilateral choanal stenosis and velopharyngeal stenosis. Treatment of choanal stenosis and velopharyngeal stenosis is challenging due to high incidence of recurrence and patients frequently require multiple procedures. The patient underwent a transnasal endoscopic excision of velopharyngeal scar tissue and widening of posterior choana using Surgitron®, mitomycin-C applied topically to the surgical wound and bilateral stenting under general anesthesia. The stents were kept for two weeks, and 3 years post operation velopharyngeal aperture and posterior choana remained patent. As illustrated in this case velopharyngeal stenosis can occur after radiotheraphy and should not be overlooked. Combine modality of transnasal endoscopic excision of velopharyngeal scar tissue, widening of choanal stenosis with Surgitron® followed by the application of mitomycin-C and stenting has been shown to be an effective option.
Study site: ENT clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix/physiopathology; Cicatrix/surgery
Donor-site morbidity of free fibula and DCIA flaps

Ling XF, Peng X, Samman N

J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2013 Sep;71(9):1604-12.
PMID: 23810616 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.03.006

This study evaluated and compared the long-term donor-site morbidity of the free fibula flap with the deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) flap in maxillofacial reconstruction.

Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix/pathology
Fulltext Intravitreal ranibizumab in treating extensive traumatic submacular hemorrhage

Abdul-Salim I, Embong Z, Khairy-Shamel ST, Raja-Azmi MN

Clin Ophthalmol, 2013;7:703-6.
PMID: 23589678 DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S42208

Herein, we report our experience in treating extensive traumatic submacular hemorrhage with a single dose of intravitreal ranibizumab. A 23-year-old healthy Malay man presented with a progressive reduction of central vision in the left eye of 2 days' duration following a history of blunt trauma. Visual acuity was reduced to counting fingers. Examination revealed infero-temporal subconjunctival hemorrhage, traumatic anterior uveitis, and an extensive sub-macular hemorrhage with suspicion of a choroidal rupture in the affected eye. He was initially treated conservatively with topical prednisolone acetate 1%. The subconjunctival hemorrhage and anterior uveitis resolved but his vision remained poor with minimal resolution of the submacular hemorrhage at 1 week follow-up (day 12 post-trauma). In view of the poor resolution of submacular hemorrhage, he was treated with a single dose of 0.5 mg intravitreal ranibizumab at day 20 post-trauma. At 4 weeks post-intravitreal ranibizumab, there was an improvement in visual acuity (from counting fingers to 6/45) and complete resolution of the submacular hemorrhage with presence of a choroidal rupture scar temporal to the fovea, which was not seen clearly at presentation due to obscuration by blood. His visual acuity further improved to 6/18 at 3 months post-trauma. Although this single case had a favorable outcome, a large population cohort study is needed to establish the effectiveness of intravitreal ranibizumab in treating extensive traumatic submacular hemorrhage.

Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix
Fulltext Scales on the scalp

Adawiyah J, Leelavathi M

Malays Fam Physician, 2013;8(1):48-49.
PMID: 25606270 MyJurnal

A five-year-old boy presented with a six-week history of scales, flaking and crusting of the scalp. He had mild pruritus but no pain. He did not have a history of atopy and there were no pets at home. Examination of the scalp showed thick, yellowish dry crusts on the vertex and parietal areas and the hair was adhered to the scalp in clumps. There was non-scarring alopecia and mild erythema. There was no cervical or occipital lymphadenopathy. The patient’s nails and skin in other parts of the body were normal.

Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix
Fulltext The man with bilateral nipple pain

Hong HC, Koh KC

Malays Fam Physician, 2013;8(3):43-45.
PMID: 25893059 MyJurnal

Figure 1 is a picture of a 48-year-old male patient who presents with progressive painful enlargement of the areolae of 10 months’ duration. There was no bleeding or nipple discharge. He was diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection 16 months ago and was initiated on antiretroviral therapy (ARV), which consisted of zidovudine, lamivudine and efavirenz. As his CD4 cell count at diagnosis was less than 200 cells/mm3, he was prescribed trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (Bactrim) for prophylaxis against pneumonia due to pneumocystis jirovecii. Physical examination was unremarkable except for bilateral breast enlargement and right-sided old shingles scar in the T4 dermatome distribution.

Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix
Peri-oral bullous impetigo: a diagnostic dilemma for dentist

Zakaria A, Sockalingam S

Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:89-91.

Bullous impetigo is a highly contagious skin infection commonly affecting children due to epidermolytic toxins of bacteria Staphylococcus sp. This presentation described a case of a 3 year-old Indian girl with bullous lesion around the peri-oral region. The lesion was initially thought to be of viral origin and was treated symptomatically. However, the lesion progressed without any resolution with more vesicles at distant sites. The patient was also having fever and refused any oral intake. At this point, a probable diagnosis of bacterial skin infection was considered and the patient was admitted. Intra-venous fluid was administered to rehydrate the patient and she was treated with topical antibiotic and antipyretic. The lesion resolved within 14 days without scarring. As dental practitioners, we should be aware of bacterial infection around the peri-oral region and consider it as part of a differential diagnosis so that an appropriate treatment can be given.

Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix
Fulltext The Effect of Camellia sinensis on Wound Healing Potential in an Animal Model

Hajiaghaalipour F, Kanthimathi MS, Abdulla MA, Sanusi J

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013;2013:386734.
PMID: 23864889 DOI: 10.1155/2013/386734

Camellia sinensis (tea) is reported to have health benefits, including the building of healthy skin. This study evaluated the effects of topical application of Camellia sinensis extract on the rate of wound closure and the histology of wound area. A uniform area of 2.00 cm in diameter was excised from the neck of adult male Sprague Dawley rats. The animals were topically treated with 0.2 mL of vehicle (CMC), Intrasite gel (positive control), or 200 and 400 mg/mL of extract. Wounds dressed with the extract and Intrasite gel healed significantly earlier than those with vehicle. Histological analysis of the wound area after 10 days showed that wounds dressed with the extract had less scar width when compared to the control. The tissue contained less inflammatory cells and more collagen and angiogenesis, compared to wounds dressed with vehicle. In this study, Camellia sinensis showed high potential in wound healing activity.

Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix
First Report of Rubber Tree Stem Rot Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in China

Li BX, Shi T, Liu XB, Lin CH, Huang GX

Plant Dis, 2014 Jul;98(7):1008.
PMID: 30708897 DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-01-14-0004-PDN

Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is an important crop in tropical regions of China. In October 2013, a new stem rot disease was found on cv. Yunyan77-4 at a rubber tree plantation in Hekou, Yunnan Province. There were about 100 plants, and diseased rubber trees accounted for 30% or less. Initially, brown-punctuate secretion appeared on the stem, which was 5 to 6 cm above the ground. Eventually, the secretion became black and no latex produced from the rubber tree bark. After removing the secretion, the diseased bark was brown putrescence, but the circumambient bark was normal. Upon peeling the surface bark, the inner bark and xylem had brown rot and was musty. The junction between health and disease was undulate. On the two most serious plants, parts of leaves on the crown were yellow, and the root near the diseased stem was dry and puce. The pathogen was isolated and designated HbFO01; the pathogenicity was established by following Koch's postulates. The pathogen was cultivated on a potato dextrose agar (PDA) plate at 28°C for 4 days. Ten plants of rubber tree cv. Yunyan77-4 were selected from a disease-free plantation in Haikou, Hainan Province, and the stem diameter was about 7 cm. The bark of five plants was peeled, and one mycelium disk with a diameter of 1 cm was inserted into the cut and covered again with the bark. The other five plants were treated with agar disks as controls. The inoculation site was kept moist for 2 days, and then the mycelium and agar disk were removed. On eighth day, symptoms similar to the original stem lesions were observed on stems of inoculated plants, while only scars formed on stems of control plants. The pathogen was re-isolated from the lesions of inoculated plants. On PDA plates, the pathogen colony was circular and white with tidy edges and rich aerial hyphae. Microscopic examination showed microconidia and chlamydospores were produced abundantly on PDA medium. The falciform macroconidia were only produced on lesions and were slightly curved, with a curved apical cell and foot shaped to pointed basal cell, usually 3-septate, 16.2 to 24.2 × 3.2 to 4.0 μm. Microconidia were produced in false heads, oval, 0-septate, 6.2 to 8.2 × 3.3 to 3.8 μm, and the phialide was cylindrical. Chlamydospores were oval, 6.4 to 7.2 × 3.1 to 3.8 μm, alone produced in hypha. Morphological characteristics of the specimen were similar to the descriptions for Fusarium oxysporum (2). Genomic DNA of this isolate was extracted with a CTAB protocol (4) from mycelium and used as a template for amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA with primer pair ITS1/ITS4 (1). The full length of this sequence is 503 nt (GenBank Accession No. KJ009335), which exactly matched several sequences (e.g., JF807394.1, JX897002.1, and HQ451888.1) of F. oxysporum. Williams and Liu had listed F. oxysporum as the economically important pathogen of Hevea in Asia (3), while this is, to our knowledge, the first report of stem rot caused by F. oxysporum on rubber tree in China. References: (1) D. E. L. Cooke et al. Fungal Genet. Biol. 30:17, 2000. (2) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual, 2006. (3) T. H. Williams and P. S. W. Liu. A host list of plant diseases in Sabah, Malaysia, 1976. (4) J. R. Xu et al. Genetics 143:175, 1996.

Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix
Fulltext Proliferation of keratinocytes induced by adipose-derived stem cells on a chitosan scaffold and its role in wound healing, a review

Gomathysankar S, Halim AS, Yaacob NS

Arch Plast Surg, 2014 Sep;41(5):452-7.
PMID: 25276634 DOI: 10.5999/aps.2014.41.5.452

In the field of tissue engineering and reconstruction, the development of efficient biomaterial is in high demand to achieve uncomplicated wound healing. Chronic wounds and excessive scarring are the major complications of tissue repair and, as this inadequate healing continues to increase, novel therapies and treatments for dysfunctional skin repair and reconstruction are important. This paper reviews the various aspects of the complications related to wound healing and focuses on chitosan because of its unique function in accelerating wound healing. The proliferation of keratinocytes is essential for wound closure, and adipose-derived stem cells play a significant role in wound healing. Thus, chitosan in combination with keratinocytes and adipose-derived stem cells may act as a vehicle for delivering cells, which would increase the proliferation of keratinocytes and help complete recovery from injuries.

Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix
Fulltext Imaging of skin birefringence for human scar assessment using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography aided by vascular masking

Gong P, Chin L, Es'haghian S, Liew YM, Wood FM, Sampson DD, et al.

J Biomed Opt, 2014 Dec;19(12):126014.
PMID: 25539060 DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.19.12.126014

We demonstrate the in vivo assessment of human scars by parametric imaging of birefringence using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). Such in vivo assessment is subject to artifacts in the detected birefringence caused by scattering from blood vessels. To reduce these artifacts, we preprocessed the PS-OCT data using a vascular masking technique. The birefringence of the remaining tissue regions was then automatically quantified. Results from the scars and contralateral or adjacent normal skin of 13 patients show a correspondence of birefringence with scar type: the ratio of birefringence of hypertrophic scars to corresponding normal skin is 2.2 ± 0.2 (mean ± standard deviation ), while the ratio of birefringence of normotrophic scars to normal skin is 1.1 ± 0.4 . This method represents a new clinically applicable means for objective, quantitative human scar assessment.

Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix/pathology*
Fulltext Cesarean scar pregnancy: What can we offer?

Ng BK, Lim PS, Ahmad S, Kampan NC, Abdul Karim AK, Omar MH

Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol, 2015 Apr;54(2):208-10.
PMID: 25951734 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2014.11.022
Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix/etiology*
Splinting after Carpal Tunnel Release: Does it really Matter?

Shalimar A, Nor-Hazla MH, Arifaizad A, Jamari S

Malays Orthop J, 2015 Jul;9(2):41-46.
PMID: 28435609 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1507.011

Splinting of the wrist after carpal tunnel release (CTR) has been practised by many surgeons especially in North America. The main reason was to prevent possible adverse events of bowstringing of flexor tendons and the median nerve, pillar pain, entrapment of the median nerve in scar tissue and wound dehiscence. Studies on the effect of splinting after standard CTR have had dismal results. The duration of splinting in standard CTR has been either too long (for 2-4 weeks) or too short (48 hours only). The aim of our study was to compare the effects of post-operative splinting for a duration of one week with no splinting.
METHODS: All 30 of our patients underwent a standardized limited open CTR by a designated surgeon. Post operatively, they were randomized into a splinted (n=16) and a nonsplinted (n=14) group. The splint was kept for a week. Patients were reviewed at regular intervals of one week, two months and six months. At each follow up, these patients were clinically assessed for the following outcome measures: VAS (visual analogue score), 2PD (two-point discrimination), pinch grip, grip, Abductor Pollicis Brevis (APB)) power and completion of the Boston questionnaire.
RESULTS: All patients presented with significant improvement in the postoperative evaluation in the analyzed parameters within each group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups for any of the outcome measurements at sequential and at final follow-up.
CONCLUSION: We conclude that wrist splinting in the immediate post-operative period has no advantage when compared with the unsplinted wrist after a limited open carpal tunnel release.

Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix
Cervical Ripening Balloon for Induction of Labour in High Risk Pregnancies

Voon HY, Wong AT, Ting ML, Suharjono H

Med J Malaysia, 2015 Aug;70(4):224-7.
PMID: 26358018 MyJurnal

BACKGROUND: The Cervical Ripening Balloon (CRB) is a novel mechanical method for induction of labour (IOL), reducing the risks of hyperstimulation associated with pharmacological methods. However, there remains a paucity of literature on its application in high risk mothers, who have an elevated risk of uterine rupture, namely those with previous scars and grandmultiparity.
METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study on IOL using the CRB in women with previous caesarean section or grandmultiparity between January 2014 and March 2015. All cases were identified from the Sarawak General Hospital CRB request registry. Individual admission notes were traced and data extracted using a standardised proforma.
RESULTS: The overall success rate of vaginal delivery after IOL was 50%, although this increases to about two-thirds when sub analysis was performed in women with previous tested scars and the unscarred, grandmultiparous woman. There was a significant change in Bishop score prior to insertion and after removal of the CRB. The Bishop score increased by a score of 3.2 (95% CI 2.8-3.6), which was statistically significant (p<0.01) and occurred across both subgroups, not limited to the grandmultipara. There were no cases of hyperstimulation but one case of intrapartum fever and scar dehiscence each (1.4%). Notably, there were two cases of change in lie/presentation after CRB insertion.
CONCLUSION: CRB adds to the obstetricians' armamentarium and appears to provide a reasonable alternative for the IOL in women at high risk of uterine rupture. Rates of hyperstimulation, maternal infection and scar dehiscence are low and hence appeals to the user.

Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix
Renal scarring and chronic kidney disease in children with spina bifida in a multidisciplinary Malaysian centre

Kanaheswari Y, Mohd Rizal AM

J Paediatr Child Health, 2015 Dec;51(12):1175-81.
PMID: 26041512 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.12938

The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of renal cortical scarring and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children with neurogenic bladder secondary to spina bifida (SB) managed at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre. The secondary objective was to identify the clinical factors associated with these adverse outcomes.

Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix
Fulltext Infected ptosis surgery - a rare complication from a multidrug-resistant organism

Jan-Bond C, Norazah AR, Sree-Kumar P, Zunaina E, Fazilawati Q

Clin Ophthalmol, 2015;9:721-4.
PMID: 25945032 DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S81158

A 7-year-old boy had a case of congenital ptosis of the right eye and has undergone frontalis sling surgery using Gore-tex material. There was no intraoperative or immediate postoperative complication. However, the patient defaulted his follow-up and presented with right eye preseptal abscess secondary to infected surgical wound 1 month after surgery. He was treated with multiple antibiotics and underwent repeated incision and drainage procedures. However, there was still no resolution of the right eye preseptal abscess. The patient's condition subsequently improved after removal of the Gore-tex material and treatment with an antibiotic combination of ceftazidime and amikacin. Microbiological analysis finally isolated the multidrug resistant Acinetobacter species. At 6 months follow-up, his right upper eyelid was healed with scarring, but without ptosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix
Effects of ranibizumab on TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 production by human Tenon's fibroblasts: An in vitro study

Noh SM, Abdul Kadir SH, Crowston JG, Subrayan V, Vasudevan S

Mol Vis, 2015;21:1191-200.
PMID: 26539031

Inhibiting exaggerated wound healing responses, which are primarily mediated by human Tenon's fibroblast (HTF) migration and proliferation, has become the major determining factor for a successful trabeculectomy. Antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) has showed promising results as a potential antifibrotic candidate for use concurrently in trabeculectomy. Preliminary cohort studies have revealed improved bleb morphology following trabeculectomy augmented with ranibizumab. However, the effects on HTFs remain unclear. This study was conducted to understand the effects of ranibizumab on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 expression by HTFs.

Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix/etiology; Cicatrix/pathology; Cicatrix/prevention & control
Fulltext Application of Antrodia camphorata Promotes Rat's Wound Healing In Vivo and Facilitates Fibroblast Cell Proliferation In Vitro

Amin ZA, Ali HM, Alshawsh MA, Darvish PH, Abdulla MA

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2015;2015:317693.
PMID: 26557855 DOI: 10.1155/2015/317693

Antrodia camphorata is a parasitic fungus from Taiwan, it has been documented to possess a variety of pharmacological and biological activities. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of Antrodia camphorata ethanol extract to accelerate the rate of wound healing closure and histology of wound area in experimental rats. The safety of Antrodia camphorata was determined in vivo by the acute toxicity test and in vitro by fibroblast cell proliferation assay. The scratch assay was used to evaluate the in vitro wound healing in fibroblast cells and the excision model of wound healing was tested in vivo using four groups of adult Sprague Dawley rats. Our results showed that wound treated with Antrodia camphorata extract and intrasite gel significantly accelerates the rate of wound healing closure than those treated with the vehicle. Wounds dressed with Antrodia camphorata extract showed remarkably less scar width at wound closure and granulation tissue contained less inflammatory cell and more fibroblast compared to wounds treated with the vehicle. Masson's trichrom stain showed granulation tissue containing more collagen and less inflammatory cell in Antrodia camphorata treated wounds. In conclusion, Antrodia camphorata extract significantly enhanced the rate of the wound enclosure in rats and promotes the in vitro healing through fibroblast cell proliferation.

Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix
Co-localization of LTBP-2 with FGF-2 in fibrotic human keloid and hypertrophic scar

Sideek MA, Teia A, Kopecki Z, Cowin AJ, Gibson MA

J Mol Histol, 2016 Feb;47(1):35-45.
PMID: 26644005 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-015-9645-0

We have recently shown that Latent transforming growth factor-beta-1 binding protein-2 (LTBP-2) has a single high-affinity binding site for fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and that LTBP-2 blocks FGF-2 induced cell proliferation. Both proteins showed strong co-localisation within keloid skin from a single patient. In the current study, using confocal microscopy, we have investigated the distribution of the two proteins in normal and fibrotic skin samples including normal scar tissue, hypertrophic scars and keloids from multiple patients. Consistently, little staining for either protein was detected in normal adult skin and normal scar samples but extensive co-localisation of the two proteins was observed in multiple examples of hypertrophic scars and keloids. LTBP-2 and FGF-2 were co-localised to fine fibrous elements within the extracellular matrix identified as elastic fibres by immunostaining with anti-fibrillin-1 and anti-elastin antibodies. Furthermore, qPCR analysis of RNA samples from multiple patients confirmed dramatically increased expression of LTBP-2 and FGF-2, similar TGF-beta 1, in hypertrophic scar compared to normal skin and scar tissue. Overall the results suggest that elevated LTBP-2 may bind and sequester FGF-2 on elastic fibres in fibrotic tissues and modulate FGF-2's influence on the repair and healing processes.

Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix, Hypertrophic/genetics*; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic/metabolism; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic/pathology
Histological analysis of motoneuron survival and microglia inhibition after nerve root avulsion treated with nerve graft implantation and minocycline: an experimental study

Wu W, Jafri M Abdullah, Faizul H Ghazali

Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1641-1648.

Motor vehicle accidents are the most common cause of injuries involving avulsion of the brachial plexus in humans,
resulting in debilitating motor dysfunction. Lack of an established animal model to test drug treatments hinders
the introduction of new pharmacological agents. Avulsion injury of cervical ventral roots can be replicated in rats,
resulting in a progressive loss of the motoneurons and increase in neurotoxic expression of microglia. This is a report
on the effect of prompt nerve implantation and minocycline treatment on the suppression of microglia activation and
survival of motoneurons. 20 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used for this study, which was approved by the
Animal Ethical Committee, USM (approval number /2011/(73)(346)). The animals underwent surgical avulsion of the
C6 nerve root, followed by reimplantation with peripheral nerve graft and treatment with intraperitoneal minocycline.
At 6 weeks postoperatively, immunohistochemistry using primary antibody Iba1 (microglia) and nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPh) with neutral-red staining (motoneuron) under flourescence microscopy
was performed at the C6 spinal cord segment and then quantified. This study showed significant reduction of microglia
expression in the study group; mean ranks of control and study group were 15.2 and 11.6, respectively; U=9.5, Z=3.02,
p<0.05. However, this did not translate into a significant increase of motoneuron survival in the combined group;
the mean ranks of control and study group were 40.6 and 41.6, respectively; U=44.5, Z=-.0378, p>0.05. This may
be due to the effect of the surgery; the surgery has the potential to cause additional trauma to the cord parenchyma,
leading to further motoneuron loss and an increase in scarring around the avulsed region, thus impeding regeneration
of the motoneuron.

Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix
Nodular hidradenoma arising on the site of a BCG scar

Bhullar A, Lee BR, Shamsudin N

Australas J Dermatol, 2017 Aug;58(3):e135-e137.
PMID: 27523405 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12544

Hidradenomas are tumours that arise from the adnexal structures, both eccrine and apocrine and are histologically benign. The tumours that arise from eccrine differentiation are known as poroid hidradenomas and when they arise from the apocrine glands they are called nodular hidradenomas. In our centre a 13-year-old boy presented with a slow-growing, painless erythematous fungating nodule on the left upper arm over a period of 18 months at the site of the BCG vaccination. The nodule was surgically excised and sent for histopathological examination, leading to a diagnosis of nodular hidradenoma. This case is presented to highlight its rarity, together with its clinical features that were suggestive of malignancy but proved ultimately to be benign.

Matched MeSH terms: Cicatrix/complications

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