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  1. Prevalence and patterns of tooth agenesis among Malay children
    Mani SA, Mohsin WS, John J
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2014 Mar;45(2):490-8.
    PMID: 24968691
    Tooth agenesis in Malay children, hitherto unreported, was assessed retrospectively from orthopantomograms of 834 healthy children aged 12-16 years who attended the Dental Clinic of Universiti Sains Malaysia. All teeth, including third molars, were assessed for agenesis. On an average, 2.3 teeth were missing per child. Missing third molars were found in 25.7% of children with one or two third molars found to be missing in 18.3% of children. Three point two percent of children had missing teeth other than third molars. After third molars, the upper lateral incisors were found to be the most common missing tooth (1.7%), followed by upper and lower second premolars (1.5%). Eight missing upper canines were also seen (1%). Bilateral agenesis was more common than unilateral agenesis. There were no significant differences between males and females. There was a significant difference between missing teeth between the maxilla and the mandible and right and left side, with more missing teeth in the maxilla and on the right side. The odds of any 3rd molar missing were increased 3.3 times when there was any other missing tooth. In conclusion, the prevalence of tooth agenesis among the studied population was within the normal range, but less than some Asian countries. Unlike other Asian countries, the upper lateral incisor was the most common missing tooth. The prevalence of maxillary canine agenesis was higher than most previous reports. Missing teeth were associated with missing third molars, which is likely due to a genetic abnormality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  2. Sexual dysfunction among postmenopausal women
    Masliza W, Daud W, Yazid Bajuri M, Shuhaila A, Hatta S, Rohaizat Hassan M, et al.
    Clin Ter, 2014;165(2):83-9.
    PMID: 24770809 DOI: 10.7471/CT.2014.1681
    Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) has a major impact on interpersonal relationships and quality of life. For many women it has been emotionally distressing, physically disconcerting, and socially disruptive. To determine the prevalence and factors that contribute to female sexual dysfunction (FSD) and to evaluate the different sexual domains that influence sexual function amongst post menopausal women.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  3. Prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections among Orang Asli schoolchildren in Pos Senderut, Pahang, Malaysia
    Al-Harazi T, Ghani MK, Othman H
    J Egypt Soc Parasitol, 2013 Dec;43(3):561-8.
    PMID: 24640856
    The current study determined the prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections among the Orang Asli schoolchildren in Pos Senderut, Pahang, Malaysia. The overall intestinal protozoan infection rate was 85% (261 out of 307). The highest prevalence rates were due to Entamoeba coli (24.4%), Giardia lamblia (21.8%), Blastocystis hominis (21.2%) and Entamoeba histolytica (15.0%). The prevalence of Iodamoeba butschlii was only 2.9%. Among the positive samples, mixed infection with B. hominis and E. histolytica was 3.3%, B. hominis and G. lamblia was 2.9%, G. lamblia and E. histolytica was 2.0% and triple infections (B. hominis, G. lamblia and E. histolytica) was 1.0 %. The prevalence of the infection was high in all age groups (6-14 years old). Thus, we can conclude that intestinal protozoan infections are still representing a serious public health problem in aboriginal communities, especially among children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  4. Fulltext The Prevalence of Sensorineural Hearing Loss in β-thalassaemia patient treated with Desferrioxamine
    Kong MH, Goh BS, Hamidah A, Zarina AL
    Med J Malaysia, 2014 Feb;69(1):9-12.
    PMID: 24814621 MyJurnal
    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in β-thalassaemia patients treated with Desferrioxamine (DFO) and determine the correlation of SNHL with average daily DFO dosage, serum ferritin level and Therapeutic index (T.I).

    METHODS: This is a cross sectional descriptive study carried out for a period of 14 months and 54 patients were recruited. The recruited patients are transfusion dependant β- thalassaemia patient aged 3 years and above treated with DFO. An interview, clinical examination and hearing assessment, which included tympanogram, and Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) or behaviour alaudiometry were performed. The data on age started on DFO, average daily DFO, duration of DFO intake, serum ferritin past 1 year and Therapeutic Index (T.I) were obtained from patients' case notes.

    RESULTS: The prevalence of SNHL was 57.4% and majority has mild hearing loss (93.6%). Fourteen patients (25.9%) have bilateral ear involvement and as many as 17 patients (31.5%) have SNHL in either ear. A total of 23 patients (42.6%) have normal hearing level. Although the prevalence of SNHL was 57.4%, only a small percentage of the patient noticed and complained of hearing loss (11.1%). There is no association between age started on DFO, average daily DFO and duration of DFO intake with normal hearing group and those patients with SNHL. Positive correlation was seen between average daily DFO with 2000 and 4000Hz on PTA in the left ear and between serum ferritin level past 1 year with 4000 and 8000Hz in the right ear and 8000Hz in the left ear. No significant correlation was seen between T.I on PTA.

    CONCLUSION: The prevalence of SNHL from hearing assessment is high in β-thalassaemia patients in this study. However, it is manifested clinically in a smaller percentage. We suggest a baseline hearing assessment should be carried on all β-thalassaemia patients prior to DFO chelation therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  5. Fulltext Prevalence and quantification of Listeria monocytogenes in beef offal at retail level in Selangor, Malaysia
    Kuan CH, Wong WC, Pui CF, Mahyudin NA, Tang JY, Nishibuchi M, et al.
    Braz J Microbiol, 2013 Dec;44(4):1169-72.
    PMID: 24688507 DOI: 10.1590/S1517-83822014005000002
    A total of 63 beef offal samples (beef liver = 16; beef lung = 14; beef intestine = 9; beef tripe = 15; beef spleen = 9) from three wet markets (A, B, and C) in Selangor, Malaysia were examined for the prevalence and microbial load of Listeria monocytogenes. A combination of the most probable number and polymerase chain reaction (MPN-PCR) method was employed in this study. It was found that L. monocytogenes detected in 33.33% of the beef offal samples. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes in beef offal purchased from wet markets A, B, and C were 22.73%, 37.50% and 41.18% respectively. The density of L. monocytogenes in all the samples ranged from < 3 up to > 2,400 MPN/g. The findings in this study indicate that beef offal can be a potential vehicle of foodborne listeriosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  6. Fulltext Relationship between Psychosocial Risk Factors and Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Public Hospital Nurses in Malaysia
    Amin NA, Nordin R, Fatt QK, Noah RM, Oxley J
    Ann Occup Environ Med, 2014;26:23.
    PMID: 25852937 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-014-0023-2
    OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relationships between psychosocial work factors and risk of WRMSDs among public hospital nurses in the Klang Valley, Malaysia.

    METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 660 public hospital nurses. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on the occurrence of WRMSDs according to body regions, socio-demographic profiles, occupational information and psychosocial risk factors. 468 questionnaires were returned (response rate of 71%), and 376 questionnaires qualified for subsequent analysis. Univariate analyses were applied to test for mean and categorical differences across the WRMSDs; multiple logistic regression was applied to predict WRMSDs based on the Job Strain Model's psychosocial risk factors.

    RESULTS: Over two thirds of the sample of nurses experienced discomfort or pain in at least one site of the musculoskeletal system within the last year. The neck was the most prevalent site (48.94%), followed by the feet (47.20%), the upper back (40.69%) and the lower back (35.28%). More than 50% of the nurses complained of having discomfort in region one (neck, shoulders and upperback) and region four (hips, knees, ankles, and feet). The results also revealed that psychological job demands, job strain and iso-strain ratio demonstrated statistically significant mean differences (p

    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  7. Fulltext Encephalitis followed by optic neuritis: a case report and review of literature
    Hasan S, B Basri H, P Hin L, Stanslas J
    Pak J Med Sci, 2013 May;29(3):859-62.
    PMID: 24353644
    Encephalitis has been included in the causes of optic neuritis, but post encephalitic optic neuritis has been rarely reported. Majority of the cases of optic neuritis are either idiopathic or associated with multiple sclerosis, especially in western countries. This is very important in the Asian population where the incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis is not as high as in the Western countries. Although post infectious optic neuritis is more common in children, it can also be found in adults and is usually seen one to three weeks after a symptomatic infective prodrome. Here, we present a case of a 48 year-old-male who developed optic neuritis following viral encephalitis. His first presentation was with severe headache of two weeks duration. Viral encephalitis was diagnosed and treated. The patient presented again three weeks later with right eye pain and other features typical of optic neuritis. Corticosteroid therapy facilitated prompt recovery. Optic neuritis is an uncommon manifestation of encephalitis. It is important that both doctors and patients remain aware of post infectious cause of optic neuritis, which would enable a timely diagnosis and treatment of this reversible cause of vision loss.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  8. Fulltext A cross-country comparison of tobacco consumption among youths from selected South-Asian countries
    Kabir MA, Goh KL, Khan MH
    BMC Public Health, 2013;13:379.
    PMID: 23617464 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-379
    BACKGROUND:
    Tobacco consumption (TC) among youths poses significant public health problem in developing countries. This study utilized the data of Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), 2007 to examine and compare youth TC behavior in Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka.

    METHODS:
    The GYTS covered a total of 2,242 Bangladeshi, 1,444 Nepalese and 1,377 Sri-Lankan youths aged 13-15 years. They represented response rates of 88.9%, 94.6%, and 85.0% for the three countries, respectively. Socioeconomic, environmental, motivating, and programmatic predictors of TC were examined using cross tabulations and logistic regressions.

    RESULTS:
    Prevalence of TC was 6.9% (9.1% in males, 5.1% in females) in Bangladesh, 9.4% (13.2% in males, 5.3% in females) in Nepal and 9.1% (12.4% in males, 5.8% in females) in Sri Lanka. The average tobacco initiation age was 9.6, 10.24 and 8.61 years, respectively. Cross tabulations showed that gender, smoking among parents and friends, exposure to smoking at home and public places, availability of free tobacco were significantly (P < 0.001) associated with TC in all three countries. The multivariable analysis [odds ratio (95% confidence interval)] indicated that the common significant predictors for TC in the three countries were TC among friends [1.9 (1.30-2.89) for Bangladesh, 4.10 (2.64-6.38) for Nepal, 2.34 (1.36-4.02) for Sri Lanka], exposure to smoking at home [1.7 (1.02-2.81) for Bangladesh, 1.81 (1.08-2.79) for Nepal, 3.96 (1.82-8.62) for Sri Lanka], exposure to smoking at other places [2.67 (1.59-4.47) for Bangladesh, 5.22 (2.76-9.85) for Nepal, 1.76 (1.05-2.88) for Sri Lanka], and the teaching of smoking hazards in schools [0.56 (0.38-0.84) for Bangladesh, 0.60 (0.41-0.89) for Nepal, 0.58 (0.35-0.94) for Sri Lanka].

    CONCLUSIONS:
    An understanding of the influencing factors of youth TC provides helpful insights for the formulation of tobacco control policies in the South-Asian region.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  9. Fulltext Household survey of container-breeding mosquitoes and climatic factors influencing the prevalence of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia
    Aziz AT, Dieng H, Ahmad AH, Mahyoub JA, Turkistani AM, Mesed H, et al.
    Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2012 Nov;2(11):849-57.
    PMID: 23569860 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60242-1
    To investigate the prevalence of container breeding mosquitoes with emphasis on the seasonality and larval habitats of Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) in Makkah City, adjoining an environmental monitoring and dengue incidence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  10. Pre-marital sex and its predicting factors among Malaysian youths
    Manaf MR, Tahir MM, Sidi H, Midin M, Nik Jaafar NR, Das S, et al.
    Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S82-8.
    PMID: 23587530 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.03.008
    This study aimed to examine the prevalence of pre-marital sex and its predicting factors among youth trainees undergoing a national skill training programme in the state of Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  11. Fulltext Medical care costs of newly diagnosed children with structural-metabolic epilepsy: a one year prevalence-based approached
    Salih MR, Bahari MB, Shafie AA, Hassali MA, Al-lela OQ, Abd AY, et al.
    Seizure, 2012 Dec;21(10):764-9.
    PMID: 22939458 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2012.08.005
    Aims of this study were to estimate the first-year medical care costs of newly diagnosed children with structural-metabolic epilepsy and to determine the cost-driving factors in the selected population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  12. Fulltext Childhood obesity--prevalence among 7 and 8 year old primary school students in Kota Kinabalu
    Chong HL, Soo TL, Rasat R
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Apr;67(2):147-50.
    PMID: 22822632
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  13. Burden of stroke in Cambodia
    Loo KW, Gan SH
    Int J Stroke, 2013 Aug;8(6):475-8.
    PMID: 22973861 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00868.x
    In Cambodia, stroke is not ranked among the top 10 leading causes of death, but infectious disease are among the top three leading causes of death. This finding could be attributed to a lack of awareness among Cambodians of the signs and symptoms of stroke or to poor reporting, incomplete data, lack of neurologists and neurosurgeons, or low accessibility to the hospitals. The only study of stroke in Cambodia is the Prevalence of Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors in Cambodia survey, which identified several stroke-related risk factors in the population. Tobacco chewing or smoking is the main risk factor for stroke in Cambodia. Traditional therapies, such as oyt pleung (moxibustion) and jup (cupping), are widely practiced for stroke rehabilitation. In Cambodia, there are few neurologists and few important equipment, such as magnetic resonance imaging machines and computed tomography scanners. The Cambodian government should cooperate with the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund to attract foreign expertise and technologies to treat stroke patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  14. Fulltext Prevalence of falls and its associated factors among elderly diabetes in a tertiary center, Malaysia
    Azidah AK, Hasniza H, Zunaina E
    Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res, 2012;2012:539073.
    PMID: 22693496 DOI: 10.1155/2012/539073
    The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of falls and its associated factors among elderly diabetes type 2 patients attending a tertiary center in Malaysia. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 288 elderly diabetes type 2. The data collected includes data on sociodemographic, diabetes history, comorbid diseases, drug use, and activity of daily living (Barthel's index). The patient also was examined physically, and balance and gait assessment was carried out. Prevalence of falls among elderly diabetes was 18.8%. Female gender (OR: 2.54, P < 0.05), age group more than 75 (OR: 2.97, P < 0.05), retinopathy (OR: 2.19, P < 0.05), and orthostatic hypotension (OR: 2.87, P < 0.05) were associated with higher risk for falls. High balance and gait score was associated with reduced risk of fall in elderly diabetes (OR: 0.89, P < 0.05). In conclusion, the factors that are associated with higher risk for falls among elderly diabetes were female sex, age group more than 75, presence of retinopathy, and orthostatic hypotension. Those who had higher balance and gait score were found to be less likely to fall compared with those with lower score.
    Study site: Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
    Questionnaires, Scales, Device: Tinetti Balance and Gait Assessment; 5.07 Semmes- Weinstein monofilament; Barthel’s index
    Study site: Diabetic clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  15. Prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia and thalassaemia trait among undergraduate medical students
    Azma RZ, Ainoon O, Azlin I, Hamenuddin H, Hadi NA, Tatt WK, et al.
    Clin Ter, 2012 Jul;163(4):287-91.
    PMID: 23007811
    Anaemia is a global health problem including Malaysia. In adults, anaemia may affect work productivity. Iron deficiency anaemia and thalassaemia are common causes of anaemia in Malaysia. However, there is scarcity of data on national prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia and thalassaemia, especially in young adults. This cross sectional study was performed to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia and thalassaemia among medical students of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC).
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  16. Fulltext Children with learning disabilities in the paediatric clinic, Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar Seremban: an overview
    Mariana AM, Wong SL
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Dec;66(5):487-90.
    PMID: 22390107 MyJurnal
    The aim of the study was to document the prevalence of learning disability among the children attending the Paediatric Clinic in Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar Seremban. The demographic distribution of these patients; the age of detection of the problem; the associated medical conditions and types of intervention received by these patients were documented. Patients who were between the ages of five to twelve years were included in the study. Learning disability was divided into three categories: speech and articulation problems, academic skills disorder and other categories which included developmental delay. Children with cerebral palsy were excluded from the study. Out of 1320 patients screened, 355 were found to have learning disorders. Majority were Malays, with the male to female ratio of 1.9:1. Most of the patients stayed in Seremban. The learning problem was most commonly detected at the age of 4 years and below. The commonest type of learning disorder was developmental delay, followed by academic skills disorder, speech and academic skills problems and speech disorders. Problems that were detected early were speech problems and developmental delay. Majority of the children had associated medical conditions. Most of the patients received some form of intervention but 11.3% did not attend any intervention program at all. A strategy should be formulated and implemented to help this group of children.

    Study site: Paediatric Clinic in Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar Seremban
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  17. Fulltext Measles among US-bound refugees from Malaysia to California, Maryland, North Carolina, and Wisconsin, August–September 2011
    Clin Infect Dis, 2011 Dec;53(12):i.
    PMID: 22080131 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cir815
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  18. Fulltext Yaws in the Western pacific region: a review of the literature
    Capuano C, Ozaki M
    J Trop Med, 2011;2011:642832.
    PMID: 22235208 DOI: 10.1155/2011/642832
    Until the middle of the 20th century, yaws was highly endemic and considered a serious public health problem in the Western Pacific Region (WPR), leading to intensive control efforts in the 1950s-1960s. Since then, little attention has been paid to its reemergence. Its current burden is unknown. This paper presents the results of an extensive literature review, focusing on yaws in the South Pacific. Available records suggest that the region remains largely free of yaws except for Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. Many clinical cases reported recently were described as "attenuated"; advanced stages are rare. A single intramuscular injection of benzathine penicillin is still effective in curing yaws. In the Pacific, yaws may be amenable to elimination if adequate resources are provided and political commitment revived. A mapping of yaws prevalence in PNG, Solomon, and Vanuatu is needed before comprehensive country-tailored strategies towards yaws elimination can be developed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  19. Fulltext Impact of carpal tunnel syndrome on the expectant woman's life
    Rozali ZI, Noorman FM, De Cruz PK, Feng YK, Razab HW, Sapuan J, et al.
    Asia Pac Fam Med, 2012 Jan 30;11(1):1.
    PMID: 22283968 DOI: 10.1186/1447-056X-11-1
    INTRODUCTION: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is known to be a common complication during pregnancy especially during the third trimester.

    AIM: This article focuses on its impact to the third trimester pregnant mothers with CTS.

    METHODS: Third trimester pregnant mothers with no other known risk factors for CTS, were interviewed and examined for a clinical diagnosis of CTS. The severity of CTS was assessed by means of symptoms severity and functionality using the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire.

    RESULTS: Out of 333 third trimester pregnant mothers, 82 (24.6%) were clinically diagnosed with CTS. Malay race was found to have significant correlation with the diagnosis of CTS (p = 0.024) and are two times more likely to get CTS during pregnancy (OR = 2.26) compare to the non-Malays. Bilateral CTS was two times higher (n = 58, 63.4%) than unilateral cases (n = 30, 36.6%), however no significant correlation between the two was found with severity (p = 0.284) or functional (p = 0.906). The commonest complaint was numbness/tingling during day time (n = 63, 76.8%). Majority of the CTS cases were mild (n = 66, 80.5%) and approximately one third (n = 28, 34.1%) had affected hand functions. All symptoms related to pain was found to have significant correlation with severity (p = 0.00, OR = 12.23) and function (p = 0.005, OR = 5.01), whereas numbness and tingling does not (Severity, p = 0.843, function, p = 0.632).

    CONCLUSION: This study shows that even though CTS in third trimester pregnancy is prevalent, generally it would be mild. However, function can still be affected especially if patients complain of pain.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
  20. Fulltext Prevalence of eye diseases and visual impairment among the rural population - a case study of Temerloh Hospital
    Thevi T, Maslina B, Reddy SC
    Malays Fam Physician, 2012;7(1):6-10.
    PMID: 25606238
    Objective: To determine the prevalence of eye diseases and visual impairment among new patients at the eye clinic of Hospital Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah, Temerloh, Pahang.
    Method: In this cross-sectional prospective study, 1081 new patients were examined over a period of six months. Age, gender, ethnicity, visual acuity and diagnosis were noted from the medical records.
    Results: Out of 1081 examined, 607 (56.1%) were males, 783 (72.4%) were Malays. The mean age of patients was 45.2 years (ranging from one month to 91 years). Cataract (248, 22.9%) was the most common eye disease, followed by retinal diseases (124, 11.5%) and ocular trauma (106, 9.8%). Majority of the patients (48) suffering from ocular trauma had foreign body cornea. In 85 premature infants screened for retinopathy, 19 showed different stages of retinopathy of prematurity. Visual impairment was noted in 89 (8.2%) patients, severe visual impairment in 12 (1.1%) and blindness in 35 (3.2%); vision could not be determined in 85 premature infants (7.9%). Cataract was singled out as the cause of severe visual impairment in 11 out of 12 patients.
    Conclusion: Health education at primary health centres and availability of eye specialists in all the district hospitals will facilitate the rehabilitation of visually impaired and blind persons by providing early treatment for eye problems (specifically prescription for spectacles, medical treatment and cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation).
    Keywords: Visual impairment, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, refractive errors, ocular trauma, conjunctivitis
    Study site: Eye clinic, Hospital Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah, Temerloh, Pahang, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
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