METHOD: Participants of Juara Sihat (n=55) were followed-up at 18 months after completion of the intervention. Juara Sihat intervention was implemented over 12 weeks and focused on four key components: (i) five one-hour nutrition education classes, (ii) four one-hour physical activity education sessions, (iii) family involvement, and (iv) empowerment of Parents and Teachers Association. Anthropometric variables (body mass index, body fat percentage and waist circumference) were measured and physical activity level was evaluated by using Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) at baseline (P0), immediately upon completion of intervention (P1), at three-month post-intervention (P2), and at 18-month postintervention (P3). Analyses of repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with intention-to-treat principle were applied.
RESULTS: Sustained effects were found in BMI-for-age z-score which showed a reduction (P0 2.41±0.84 vs P3 2.27±0.81) and physical activity level which showed positive improvements (P0 2.46±0.62 vs P3 2.87±0.76) at 18 months after intervention was completed. Body fat and waist circumference had increased over the same time period.
CONCLUSION: Overall, this study successfully demonstrated sustained intervention effects of Juara Sihat intervention on BMI-for-age z-score and physical activity, but not on body fat percentage and waist circumference.
METHODOLOGY: This study comprised of 249 participants (148 overweight/ obese as a case group and 101 lean participants as controls). The PCR-RFLP technique was performed to distinguish the genotype distribution of Leptin gene polymorphisms. The allele and genotype frequencies were assessed for single and haplotype analyses.
RESULT: Single association analysis of G2548A (P=0.74), A19G (P=0.38), and H1328080 (P=0.56) polymorphisms yielded no statistically significant association. However, haplotype association analysis showed a suggestive indication of AAG haplotype (G2548A, H1328080, and A19G sequence) with susceptibility effect towards obesity predisposition [P=0.002, OR=8.897 (1.59-9.78)].
CONCLUSION: This data on single and haplotype might disclose the preliminary exposure and pave the way for the obesity development with an evidence of revealed susceptibility to obesity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 43 obese children and 40 normal weight children. Anthropometric body measurements, bio-specimen and biochemistry assays were done. Genotyping of rs9465871 (CDKAL1) was conducted.
RESULTS: The percentages of the CC, CT, and TT genotypes of rs9465871in the lean children were 15%, 42.5%, and 42.5%, respectively. Regarding obese children, the frequencies were 18.6%, 58.1% and 23.3% respectively with no significant statistical difference. Comparison between the CDKAL1 rs 9465871 polymorphism showed that the highest value of fasting insulin was recorded in CC genotype (22.80± 15.18 [uIU/mL] P
Methods: A multi-centred matched case control study was conducted in five local hospitals. A total of 140 histologically confirmed CRC cases were matched with 280 cancer free controls. Mean value and prevalence of the components of metabolic syndrome between cases and controls were measured based on the three definitions. A multiple variable analysis using Cox regression was conducted to measure the strength of the association between the definitions of MetS, components of MetS and risk of CRC.
Results: Multiple variable analyses showed that metabolic syndrome significantly and independently increased the risk of CRC, with an odds ratio ranging from 1.79 to 2.61. This study identified that the definition of metabolic syndrome by the International Diabetes Federation is the most sensitive in predicting the risk of CRC, compared to metabolic syndrome as defined by the World Health Organization and National Cholesterol Education Program Adults Treatment Panel III. Abdominal obesity, low HDL-cholesterol, and hypertension were identified as the three core risk factors, which promote inflammatory signals that contribute to metabolic syndrome and an increased risk of CRC.
Conclusions: These data hypothesized that simple measurement of abdominal obesity, abnormal BP and HDL-cholesterol especially using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition of MetS for South Asians for to detect individuals at CRC risk may have higher clinical utility than applying other universal complex MetS definitions.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate (i) the effect of FTO rs9930506 on obesity and related parameters and (ii) the influence of diet on the above association in Malaysian adults. In total, 79 obese and 99 nonobese Malaysian adults were recruited.
RESULTS: In comparison with Chinese and Malays, Indians had significantly higher waist circumference (P ≤ 0.001 and P = 0.016), waist-hip ratio (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001), body fat percentage (P = 0.001 and P = 0.042), fasting insulin (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001), homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001) and lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001), respectively. Indians consumed significantly lower dietary cholesterol (P = 0.002), percentage energy from protein (P < 0.001) and higher fibre (P = 0.006) compared to the other two groups. Malaysian Indians expressed the highest risk allele frequency (G) of FTO rs9930506 compared to the Malays and the Chinese (P < 0.001). No significant association was found between FTO rs9930506 and obesity (dominant model). Risk allele carriers (G) consumed significantly lower vitamin E (P = 0.020) and had a higher fibre intake (P = 0.034) compared to the noncarriers (A). Gene-diet interaction analysis revealed that risk allele carriers (G) had lower high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels with higher energy from protein (≥14% day-1 ; P = 0.049) and higher vitamin E (≥5.4 mg day-1 ; P = 0.038).
CONCLUSIONS: The presence of the risk allele (G) of FTO rs9930506 was not associated with an increased risk of obesity. Malaysian Indians had a significantly higher frequency of the risk allele (G). Indian participants expressed higher atherogenic phenotypes compared to Chinese and Malays. FTO rs9930506 may interact with dietary protein and vitamin E and modulate hsCRP levels.
METHODS: Two schools in Kuala Lumpur with similar socio-demographic characteristics were assigned as intervention (IG) and control (CG), respectively. Inclusion criteria were healthy Malaysian overweight/obese children aged 9 to 11 years who had no serious co-morbidity. Children who reported consuming whole grain foods in their 3-day diet-recall during recruitment were excluded. A total of 63 children (31 IG; 32 CG) completed the intervention. KAP questionnaire was self-administered at baseline [T0] and post intervention (at 3rd [T1] and 9th month [T2]). The baseline differences between the IG and CG across socio-demographics and scores of KAP toward whole grains were determined using chi-square and t-test, respectively. ANCOVA was performed to determine the effect of the GReat-Child Trial™ on KAP towards whole grains at post-intervention and follow-up. Baseline variables were considered as covariates.
RESULTS: The IG attained significantly higher scores in knowledge (mean difference = 4.23; 95% CI: 3.82, 4.64; p
AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between -174 G>C IL-6 polymorphism gene on the level of IL-6 and CRP in the population of western Indonesia obese who are obese.
METHODS: In this study, we examined 178 subjects consisting of 89 who are obese with BMI> 25, and controls with BMI between 18.5 and 23. Fasting blood was taken from each subject for the examination of IL-6 and CRP levels by the ELISA method. Determination of genotype -174 G>C IL-6 gene was examined by Polymerase Chain reaction- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods.
RESULTS: The results of this study showed increased levels of IL-6 and CRP in the obese group compared to the controls. In the obese group, CC genotype had higher CRP and lower IL-6 levels than the GC and GG genotypes. The frequency of CC genotype in the obese group was 47.2% compared with 28.1% in controls and this genotype was considered a risk factor for obesity. Carriers of the C genotype as a dominant or a recessive model had greater risk of obesity.
CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the polymorphism - 174G>C IL-6 gene is a risk factor for obesity and is associated with increased levels of IL-6 and CRP in an obese group of the Western Indonesian ethnic population.
METHODS: Intervention studies published in English between 2000 and August 2018 were retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science using various keywords.
RESULTS: This article is a review of 36 studies conducted in 13 different countries which included a total of 15,931 participants between 19 and 70 years of age. The effect of 26 genes and 64 SNPs on the reduction of body weight and metabolic risk factors in response to diet, exercise, and lifestyle interventions was reviewed.
CONCLUSION: Gene-lifestyle interaction studies on the same candidate gene in different populations have reported information which is challenging to interpret. Thus, it is difficult to arrive at a particular model for a strategy on weight management at this point in time. Most of the intervention studies focus on the effect of variants of a single candidate gene on weight loss. Further evidence from large-scale studies is necessary to assess the effect of multiple candidate genes to compute a gene score that could be used in a model intervention programme. Our review suggests that a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet and regular physical activity will benefit individuals who carry the risk alleles of the obesity-related candidate genes. This message should be the mainstay of the recommendations and guidelines published by nutrition societies across the world.