Displaying publications 701 - 720 of 6933 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Inhibitory effect of thiourea derivatives on the growth of blue-green algae
    Kasan NA, Yusof SZM, Manan H, Khairul WM, Zakeri HA
    J Environ Manage, 2021 Sep 15;294:113008.
    PMID: 34119989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113008
    High nutrient loading in aquatic environment has become the main causative of harmful algae blooms (HABs) in water resources particularly pond, lake and river. HABs are mostly dominated by microalgae derived from the group of blue-green algae which are capable of releasing harmful toxins. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the inhibitory effects of thiourea derivatives on the growth of such blue-green algae. Thiourea derivatives have been proven to exhibit antifungal and antibacterial effects. However, there is still limited study had been conducted on the effect of thiourea derivatives toward blue-green algae species in recent years. In this research, a species of blue-green algae from Kenyir Lake, Terengganu, Malaysia was successfully isolated using morphological characters and molecularly identified as Synechoccus elongatus. Four new thiourea derivative compounds were also successfully synthesised. The compounds were designed with variation on different R-substitution group and characterised using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to confirm their molecular structure. Those compounds were characterised as 1-Benzyl-3-(3,5-dimethoxy-benzoyl)-thiourea (C1), 1-(3-Chloro-benzyl)-3-(3,5-dimethoxy-benzoyl)-thiourea (C2), 1-(3,5-Dimethoxy-benzoyl)-3-(3-methyl-benzyl)-thiourea (C3) and 1-(3,5-Dimethoxy-benzoyl)-3-(3-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-thiourea (C4). For the inhibition assessment,S. elongatus were treated with C1-C4 for 5 day at concentration of 2, 5, 10 and 20 μg/ml, respectively. C3 compound showed the highest inhibition percentage with 98% of inhibition after 5 days treatment. By using Bradford method, protein extraction of S. elongatus was conducted at the highest inhibition percentage. Protein concentration of treated species was observed with 3.28 μg/ml as compared to protein concentration of control with 6.48 μg/ml. This result indicated the reduction of protein content after the treatment. Protein band pattern was identified intensed after the treatment SDS PAGE was carried out. The thiourea derivatives compound proved to have successfully inhibited the growth of blue-green algae. Hence, further study should be carried out to ensure the compound can be practically utilized in the pond and in natural environment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thiourea/pharmacology
  2. Fulltext AMR-Intervene: a social-ecological framework to capture the diversity of actions to tackle antimicrobial resistance from a One Health perspective
    Léger A, Lambraki I, Graells T, Cousins M, Henriksson PJG, Harbarth S, et al.
    J Antimicrob Chemother, 2021 01 01;76(1):1-21.
    PMID: 33057678 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa394
    The global threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) requires coordinated actions by and across different sectors. Increasing attention at the global and national levels has led to different strategies to tackle the challenge. The diversity of possible actions to address AMR is currently not well understood from a One Health perspective. AMR-Intervene, an interdisciplinary social-ecological framework, describes interventions to tackle AMR in terms of six components: (i) core information about the publication; (ii) social system; (iii) bio-ecological system; (iv) triggers and goals; (v) implementation and governance; and (vi) assessment. AMR-Intervene provides a broadly applicable framework, which can inform the design, implementation, assessment and reporting of interventions to tackle AMR and, in turn, enable faster uptake of successful interventions to build societal resilience to AMR.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
  3. Enzymatic activities of Malayan cobra (Naja naja sputatrix) venoms
    Tan NH, Tan CS
    Toxicon, 1987;25(11):1249-53.
    PMID: 3433296
    The enzymatic activities of four samples of Malayan cobra venom were investigated. There was significant variation in the contents of L-amino acid oxidase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, acetylcholinesterase, phospholipase A, 5'-nucleotidase and hyaluronidase. The phosphodiesterase content was, however, constant. Storage of the lyophilized venom powder at 25 degrees C for 1 month did not affect the enzymatic activities. The venom enzymatic activities were generally also stable at 4 degrees C in 0.85% saline solution. After incubation at 37 degrees C for 39 days in 0.85% saline solution, the venom still retained considerable amounts of enzymatic activities. SP-Sephadex C-25 ion-exchange chromatography of the venom showed that the phospholipase A, L-amino acid oxidase, 5'-nucleotidase, phosphodiesterase and alkaline phosphomonoesterase exist in multiple forms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Elapid Venoms/pharmacology
  4. Preclinical Evidence for the Pharmacological Actions of Glycyrrhizic Acid: A Comprehensive Review
    Rehman MU, Farooq A, Ali R, Bashir S, Bashir N, Majeed S, et al.
    Curr Drug Metab, 2020;21(6):436-465.
    PMID: 32562521 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200620204914
    Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Family: Fabaceae) is one of the important traditional medicinal plant used extensively in folk medicine. It is known for its ethnopharmacological value in curing a wide variety of ailments. Glycyrrhizin, an active compound of G. glabra, possesses anti-inflammatory activity due to which it is mostly used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment and management of chronic diseases. The present review is focused extensively on the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and potential effects of Glycyrrhizic Acid (GA). A thorough literature survey was conducted to identify various studies that reported on the GA on PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycyrrhizic Acid/pharmacology*
  5. Fulltext Field evaluations of the granular fly bait, Quick Bayt and the paint-on fly bait, Agita against synanthropic flies
    Nurita AT, Abu Hassan A, Nur Aida H, Norasmah B
    Trop Biomed, 2008 Aug;25(2):126-33.
    PMID: 18948883
    The efficacy and residual efficacy of commercial baits, Quick Bayt (0.5% w/w imidacloprid) and Agita (10.0% w/w thiamethoxam) against synanthropic flies were evaluated under field conditions. Efficacy was evaluated based on knockdown percentage (KD %). The bait efficacy and residual efficacy evaluation were conducted for a period of 3 weeks and 6 weeks respectively. Baits were applied onto bait targets and placed on fly-count targets to facilitate the counting of flies. All baits were applied according to the manufacturer's recommended application rate. Three replicate treatments for each type of bait were placed at the study site each week. The number of flies feeding on baits and the knocked down flies were counted and collected. The efficacy of Agita and Quick Bayt did not differ significantly (t-test, P>0.05) over the 3-week period, even though Quick Bayt had a slightly higher KD% than Agita. In the residual efficacy evaluation, the (knockdown) KD% of Quick Bayt was consistent at around 36% for the first five weeks but dropped to 33.8 +/- 0.4% on the sixth week. The KD% for Agita on the first week was 33.6 +/- 12.2% and remained relatively consistent for the first 4 weeks at around 31%. KD% dropped to 16.7 +/- 3.3% on week 5 and to 15.7 +/- 1.2% on week 6. The difference in residual efficacy of the two baits was significant (t-test, p < 0.05).
    Matched MeSH terms: Insecticides/pharmacology*
  6. Synthesis of Capsaicin Loaded Silver Nanoparticles Using Green Approach and Its Anti-Bacterial Activity Against Human Pathogens
    Mahmood S, Mei TS, Yee WX, Hilles AR, Alelwani W, Bannunah AM
    J Biomed Nanotechnol, 2021 Aug 01;17(8):1612-1626.
    PMID: 34544538 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3122
    Nanotechnology is drawing attention nowadays due to its ability to regulate metals into nanosize, ultimately changing metal's physical, chemical, and optical properties. Silver nanoparticles are known for their potential impact as antimicrobial agents due to their inherent property penetrating the cell wall. The present study aimed to develop and statistically optimise using a novel combination of capsaicin loaded silver nanoparticles (AgCNPs) as an effective anti-bacterial agent to treat psoriasis using a green approach. Ascorbic acid was used as a reducing agent to fabricate silver nanoparticles. The formulation parameters optimisation was conducted using Box-Behnken Design (3×3 factorial design). The loading of capsaicin was confirmed by attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy-scanning electron microscopy (EDX-SEM) confirmed the existence of silver; net-like structure revealed in SEM and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy further confirmed the nano size of the formulation. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction demonstrated the capsaicin transformed into amorphous after encapsulated. An in-vitro microbial study showed that the 0.10 M formulation of AgCNPs exerted potent anti-bacterial activity, which can be considered an alternative anti-bacterial agent. It also displayed that the zone of inhibition was significantly high in gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) than gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus). Green synthesised AgCNPs showed highly significant anti-bacterial activity, which indicates that this formulation can be very promising for treating psoriasis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Capsaicin/pharmacology
  7. Fulltext Antimicrobials: a global alliance for optimizing their rational use in intra-abdominal infections (AGORA)
    Sartelli M, Weber DG, Ruppé E, Bassetti M, Wright BJ, Ansaloni L, et al.
    World J Emerg Surg, 2016;11:33.
    PMID: 27429642 DOI: 10.1186/s13017-016-0089-y
    Intra-abdominal infections (IAI) are an important cause of morbidity and are frequently associated with poor prognosis, particularly in high-risk patients. The cornerstones in the management of complicated IAIs are timely effective source control with appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Empiric antimicrobial therapy is important in the management of intra-abdominal infections and must be broad enough to cover all likely organisms because inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy is associated with poor patient outcomes and the development of bacterial resistance. The overuse of antimicrobials is widely accepted as a major driver of some emerging infections (such as C. difficile), the selection of resistant pathogens in individual patients, and for the continued development of antimicrobial resistance globally. The growing emergence of multi-drug resistant organisms and the limited development of new agents available to counteract them have caused an impending crisis with alarming implications, especially with regards to Gram-negative bacteria. An international task force from 79 different countries has joined this project by sharing a document on the rational use of antimicrobials for patients with IAIs. The project has been termed AGORA (Antimicrobials: A Global Alliance for Optimizing their Rational Use in Intra-Abdominal Infections). The authors hope that AGORA, involving many of the world's leading experts, can actively raise awareness in health workers and can improve prescribing behavior in treating IAIs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology*
  8. In-use testing of disinfectants in Malaysian government hospitals
    Khor SY, Jegathesan M
    Med J Malaysia, 1977 Sep;32(1):85-9.
    PMID: 609352
    Matched MeSH terms: Disinfectants/pharmacology*
  9. Degradation of influenza virus by non-ionic detergent
    Corbel MJ, Rondle CJ, Bird RG
    J Hyg (Lond), 1970 Mar;68(1):77-80.
    PMID: 5266589
    Preparations of influenza virus A0 PR8/34 and A2 Malaysia/68 have been studied in the electron microscope. They were similar in appearance to preparations made by others. Each preparation was degraded by Triton N 101. The process of degradation appeared to be different from that observed using ether and, by inference, a number of other agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surface-Active Agents/pharmacology*
  10. The effect of house spraying with dieldrin on the incidence of the head-louse, Pediculus humanus capitis
    WHARTON RH, BIN OMAR AH
    Med J Malaya, 1959 Mar;13(3):237-8.
    PMID: 13666191
    Matched MeSH terms: Insecticides/pharmacology*
  11. Potency of therapeutic adrenaline in injections
    Chang P
    Med J Malaya, 1970 Jun;24(4):287-9.
    PMID: 4248349
    Matched MeSH terms: Epinephrine/pharmacology
  12. Present status of resistance and susceptibility of four species of West Malaysian culicine mosquito larvae to insecticides
    Thomas V
    Med J Malaya, 1970 Dec;25(2):142-8.
    PMID: 4396046
    Matched MeSH terms: Insecticides/pharmacology
  13. Vertical distribution of mycostasis in Malayan soils
    Griffiths DA
    Can J Microbiol, 1966 Feb;12(1):149-63.
    PMID: 5923132
    Matched MeSH terms: Glucose/pharmacology
  14. Inhibition and kinetic studies of lignin degrading enzymes of Ganoderma boninense by naturally occurring phenolic compounds
    Surendran A, Siddiqui Y, Saud HM, Ali NS, Manickam S
    J Appl Microbiol, 2018 Sep;125(3):876-887.
    PMID: 29786938 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13922
    AIM: Lignolytic (lignin degrading) enzyme, from oil palm pathogen Ganoderma boninense Pat. (Syn G. orbiforme (Ryvarden)), is involved in the detoxification and the degradation of lignin in the oil palm and is the rate-limiting step in the infection process of this fungus. Active inhibition of lignin-degrading enzymes secreted by G. boninense by various naturally occurring phenolic compounds and estimation of efficiency on pathogen suppression was aimed at.

    METHODS AND RESULTS: In our work, 10 naturally occurring phenolic compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory potential towards the lignolytic enzymes of G. boninense. Additionally, the lignin-degrading enzymes were characterized. Most of the peholic compounds exhibited an uncompetitive inhibition towards the lignin-degrading enzymes. Benzoic acid was the superior inhibitor to the production of lignin-degrading enzymes, when compared between the 10 phenolic compounds. The inhibitory potential of the phenolic compounds towards the lignin-degrading enzymes are higher than that of the conventional metal ion inhibitor. The lignin-degrading enzymes were stable in a wide range of pH but were sensitive to higher temperature.

    CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated the inhibitor potential of 10 naturally occurring phenolic compounds towards the lignin-degrading enzymes of G. boninense with different efficacies.

    SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The study has shed a light towards a new management strategy to control basal stem rot disease in oil palm. It serves as a replacement for the existing chemical control.

    Matched MeSH terms: Phenols/pharmacology*
  15. Curcumin, Piperine, and Capsaicin: A Comparative Study of Spice-Mediated Inhibition of Human Cytochrome P450 Isozyme Activities
    Shamsi S, Tran H, Tan RS, Tan ZJ, Lim LY
    Drug Metab. Dispos., 2017 01;45(1):49-55.
    PMID: 27821437
    Inhibition of cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes (CYP) has been shown to lower the metabolism of drugs that are P450 substrates and to consequently alter their pharmacokinetic profiles. Curcumin (CUR), piperine (PIP), and capsaicin (CAP) are spice components (SC) that inhibit the activities of a range of P450 enzymes, but the selection of which SC to be prioritized for further development as an adjuvant will depend on the ranking order of the inhibitory potential of the SCs on specific P450 isozymes. We used common human recombinant enzyme platforms to provide a comparative evaluation of the inhibitory activities of CUR, PIP, and CAP on the principal drug-metabolizing P450 enzymes. SC-mediated inhibition of CYP3A4 was found to rank in the order of CAP (IC501.84 ± 0.71 µM) ∼ PIP (2.12 ± 0.45 µM) > CUR (11.93 ± 3.49 µM), while CYP2C9 inhibition was in the order of CAP (11.95 ± 4.24 µM) ∼ CUR (14.58 ± 4.57 µM) > PIP (89.62 ± 9.17 µM). CAP and PIP were significantly more potent inhibitors of CYP1A2 (IC502.14 ± 0.22 µM and 14.19 ± 4.15 µM, respectively) than CUR (IC50> 100 µM), while all three SCs exhibited weak activity toward CYP2D6 (IC5095.42 ± 12.09 µM for CUR, 99.99 ± 5.88 µM for CAP, and 110.40 ± 3.23 µM for PIP). Of the three SCs, CAP thus has the strongest potential for further development into an inhibitor of multiple CYPs for use in the clinic. Data from this study are also useful for managing potential drug-SC interactions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Alkaloids/pharmacology*; Capsaicin/pharmacology*; Curcumin/pharmacology*; Piperidines/pharmacology*; Benzodioxoles/pharmacology*; Polyunsaturated Alkamides/pharmacology*; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology*
  16. Fulltext An in vitro potency assay using nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding works well with antivenoms against Bungarus candidus and Naja naja
    Ratanabanangkoon K, Simsiriwong P, Pruksaphon K, Tan KY, Chantrathonkul B, Eursakun S, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2018 06 26;8(1):9716.
    PMID: 29946111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27794-3
    In order to facilitate/expedite the production of effective and affordable snake antivenoms, a novel in vitro potency assay was previously developed. The assay is based on an antiserum's ability to bind to postsynaptic neurotoxin (PSNT) and thereby inhibit the PSNT binding to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). The assay was shown to work well with antiserum against Thai Naja kaouthia which produces predominantly the lethal PSNTs. In this work, the assay is demonstrated to work well with antiserum/antivenom against Bungarus candidus (BC), which also produces lethal presynaptic neurotoxins, as well as antivenom against Sri Lankan Naja naja (NN), which produces an abundance of cytotoxins. The in vitro and in vivo median effective ratios (ER50s) for various batches of antisera against BC showed a correlation (R2) of 0.8922 (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Antivenins/pharmacology*
  17. Fulltext The Effectiveness of Remineralizing Agents on Dentinal Permeability
    Berkathullah M, Farook MS, Mahmoud O
    Biomed Res Int, 2018;2018:4072815.
    PMID: 30276206 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4072815
    The effectiveness of remineralizing agents in reducing dentine permeability by tubule occlusion using fluid filtration device functioning at 100 cmH2O (1.4 psi) pressure and SEM/EDX analysis were evaluated and compared. Seventy (n = 70) dentine discs of 1±0.2 mm width were prepared from sound permanent human molars. Fifty (n = 50) dentine discs were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10): Group 1: GC Tooth Mousse Plus (Recaldent GC Corporation Tokyo, Japan), Group 2: Clinpro™ White Varnish (3M ESPE, USA), Group 3: Duraphat® Varnish (Pharbil Waltrop GmbH, Germany), Group 4: Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief™ dentifrice (Colgate Palmolive, Thailand), and Group 5: Biodentine™ (Septodont/UK). Dentine permeability was measured after treatment application at 10 minutes, artificial saliva immersion at 7 days, and citric acid challenge for 3 minutes. Data were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Dentine specimens (n = 20) were used for SEM/EDX analyses to obtain qualitative results on dentine morphology and surface deposits. Each treatment agent significantly reduced dentine permeability immediately after treatment application and created precipitates on treated dentine surfaces. All agents increased permeability values after 7 days of artificial saliva immersion except Clinpro White Varnish and Biodentine. Clinpro White Varnish exhibited significant resistance to acid challenge compared to others. Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief dentifrice has a dual mechanism of action in reducing the dentine sensitivity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dentin Desensitizing Agents/pharmacology*
  18. Phytochemical constituents and pharmacological properties of Garcinia xanthochymus- a review
    Che Hassan NKN, Taher M, Susanti D
    Biomed Pharmacother, 2018 Oct;106:1378-1389.
    PMID: 30119210 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.087
    The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical constituents and pharmacological properties of Garcinia xanthochymus which is commonly known as gamboge, yellow mangosteen and false mangosteen. The phytochemicals constituents, pharmacological benefits and their mechanisms were previously presented in a number of studies including in vitro and in vivo studies from published books, journals and articles. The literature used in this review were published between 1970 and 2017 and were available from databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest and others. The chemical structures in this paper are drawn using ChemBio Ultra 14.0. G. xanthocymus contains many phytochemicals that can be extracted from its constituent parts; the bark, fruits, leaves, roots, twigs and seeds. The predominant extracted phytochemicals are xanthones, benzophenones, flavonoids, depsidones and isocoumarins. These phytochemicals contribute to the pharmacological activities of this plant as an antioxidant, antidiabetic, and for having Nerve Growth Factor-potentiating, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. This species contains a broad range of phytochemicals with curative properties that can be greatly beneficial to man. Notably, this review focused on those studies of the pharmacological effects of this plant that were concentrated on by previous researchers. Thus, further study needs to be done on G. xanthocymus in order to unlock additional potential activities and to pinpoint the exact mechanisms of how these activities can be induced, leading to new drug discoveries which have fewer side effects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology; Antioxidants/pharmacology; Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology; Plant Extracts/pharmacology*; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology; Phytochemicals/pharmacology*
  19. Fulltext Characterisation of Bacterial Isolates from Infected Post-Operative Patients in a Malaysian Tertiary Heart Care Centre
    Yong YK, Wen NCM, Yeo GEC, Chew ZX, Chan LL, Md Zain NZ, et al.
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 09 17;18(18).
    PMID: 34574752 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189828
    Several bacterial species cause post-operative infections, which has been a critical health concern among hospital patients. Our study in this direction is a much-needed exploratory study that was carried out at the National Heart Institute (IJN) of Malaysia to examine the virulence properties of causative bacteria obtained from postoperative patients. The bacterial isolates and data were provided by the IJN. Antibiotic resistance gene patterns, and the ability to form biofilm were investigated for 127 isolates. Klebsiella pneumoniae (36.2%) was the most common isolate collected, which was followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26%), Staphylococcus aureus (23.6%), Streptococcus spp. (8.7%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (5.5%). There were 49 isolates that showed the presence of multidrug resistance genes. The mecA gene was surprisingly found in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), which also carried the ermA gene from those erythromycin-susceptible strains. The phenotypic antibiotic resistance profiles varied greatly between isolates. Findings from the biofilm assay revealed that 44 of the 127 isolates demonstrated the ability to produce biofilms. Our findings provide insights into the possibility of some of these bacteria surviving under antibiotic stress, and some antibiotic resistance genes being silenced.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
  20. Fulltext Caffeic Acid on Metabolic Syndrome: A Review
    Muhammad Abdul Kadar NN, Ahmad F, Teoh SL, Yahaya MF
    Molecules, 2021 Sep 09;26(18).
    PMID: 34576959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185490
    Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of risk factors that may lead to a more sinister disease. Raised blood pressure, dyslipidemia in the form of elevated triglycerides and lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, raised fasting glucose, and central obesity are the risk factors that could lead to full-blown diabetes, heart disease, and many others. With increasing sedentary lifestyles, coupled with the current COVID-19 pandemic, the numbers of people affected with MetS will be expected to grow in the coming years. While keeping these factors checked with the polypharmacy available currently, there is no single strategy that can halt or minimize the effect of MetS to patients. This opens the door for a more natural way of controlling the disease. Caffeic acid (CA) is a phytonutrient belonging to the flavonoids that can be found in abundance in plants, fruits, and vegetables. CA possesses a wide range of beneficial properties from antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, antianxiolytic, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory activities. This review discusses the current discovery of the effect of CA against MetS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Caffeic Acids/pharmacology*
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links