Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 1783 in total

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  1. Urbanization and energy consumption effects on carbon dioxide emissions: evidence from Asian-8 countries using panel data analysis
    Abbasi MA, Parveen S, Khan S, Kamal MA
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2020 May;27(15):18029-18043.
    PMID: 32170610 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08262-w
    The developing world is facing pivotal challenges in recent times. Among these, global warming has ominous repercussions on every segment of society, thus tracing its underlying causes is imperative. This research attempts to investigate the impact of urbanization and energy consumption on carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) for a panel of 8 Asian countries (Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka) over the period 1982 to 2017. The analyses are executed using panel co-integration and Granger causality techniques. The main findings of panel co-integration reveal a long-run relationship between urbanization, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the results indicate a positive and significant impact of urbanization and energy consumption on CO2 emissions, indicating that urban development and high energy consumptions are barriers to improve environmental quality in the long run. The results also highlight bi-directional causality between energy consumption and urbanization, while unidirectional causality exists between energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Based on the obtained results, this study offers useful policy implications for plummeting carbon emissions.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  2. Fulltext Upper respiratory tract infections: to what extent is the management evidence-based?
    Teng CL, Nurjahan MI, Hashim NA, Punithambigai P, Leong KC, Mihat O
    Med J Malaysia, 2003 Jun;58(2):159-66.
    PMID: 14569735 MyJurnal
    Over a 2-week period, the management of upper respiratory tract infection by 24 medical officers and medical assistants in Seremban District was studied. Each practitioner recorded clinical data and prescription for twenty consecutive patients using a structured questionnaire. The extent to which the practitioners used "predictive features" (fever, absence of cough, cervical adenopathy, enlarged tonsils and exudates on tonsils) in clinical decision-making was analysed. The mean antibiotic prescription rate was 28.7% (95% CI: 24.6%, 33.0%). The antibiotic prescription rate of medical officers and medical assistants were similar. Five features were independently associated with antibiotic prescription (phlegm, fever, cervical adenopathy, red throat and tonsillar exudates). Antibiotics were prescribed for 22.1% of patients with 0-1 predictive features. High prescribers were 5 times more likely to prescribe antibiotics in this group of patients than low prescribers. To a large extent the clinical decision-making of practitioners in this study was evidence based. However, they were unduly influenced by purulent manifestation (phlegm) and redness of throat. The antibiotic prescription rate in these government health clinics is potentially reducible by means of educational intervention.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  3. Fulltext Updates on knowledge, attitude and preventive practices on tuberculosis among healthcare workers
    Abd Wahab F, Abdullah S, Abdullah JM, Jaafar H, Md Noor SS, Wan Mohammad WMZ, et al.
    Malays J Med Sci, 2016 Nov;23(6):25-34.
    PMID: 28090176 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/mjms2016.23.6.3
    Ranking as the most communicable disease killer worldwide, tuberculosis, has accounted with a total of 9.6 million new tuberculosis cases with 1.5 million tuberculosis-related deaths reported globally in 2014. Tuberculosis has remain as an occupational hazard for healthcare workers since 1920s and due to several tuberculosis outbreaks in healthcare settings in the early 1990s, the concern about the transmission to both patients and healthcare workers has been raised. Healthcare workers have two to three folds greater the risk of active tuberculosis than the general population. Several studies on knowledge, attitude and practices on tuberculosis among healthcare workers worldwide have revealed that majority of the participated healthcare workers had good knowledge on tuberculosis. Most of the healthcare workers from South India and South Africa also reported to have positive attitude whereas a study in Thailand reported that most of the healthcare providers have negative attitude towards tuberculosis patients. Nevertheless, majority of the healthcare workers have low level of practice on tuberculosis prevention. An improved communication between healthcare workers and the patients as well as their families is the key to better therapeutic outcomes with good knowledge, attitude and preventive practice towards tuberculosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  4. Fulltext Updates on k13 mutant alleles for artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
    Zaw MT, Emran NA, Lin Z
    J Microbiol Immunol Infect, 2018 Apr;51(2):159-165.
    PMID: 28711439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2017.06.009
    BACKGROUND: In the fight against malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, the successes achieved by artemisinin were endangered by resistance of the parasites to the drug. Whole genome sequencing approach on artemisinin resistant parasite line discovered k13 gene associated with drug resistance. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated mutations in the k13 gene were linked to the artemisinin resistance.

    METHODOLOGY: The literatures published after April, 2015 up to December, 2016 on k13 mutant alleles for artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum and relevant literatures were comprehensively reviewed.

    RESULTS: To date, 13 non-synonymous mutations of k13 gene have been observed to have slow parasite clearance. Worldwide mapping of k13 mutant alleles have shown mutants associated with artemisinin resistance were confined to southeast Asia and China and did not invade to African countries. Although in vitro ring stage survival assay of 0-3 h was a recently developed assay, it was useful for rapid detection of artemisinin resistance associated k13 allelic marker in the parasite. Recently, dissemination of k13 mutant alleles was recommended to be investigated by identity of haplotypes. Significant characteristics of well described alleles in the reports were mentioned in this review for the benefit of future studies.

    CONCLUSION: According to the updates in the review, it can be concluded artemisinin resistance does not disseminate to India and African countries within short period whereas regular tracking of these mutants is necessary.

    Matched MeSH terms: India/epidemiology
  5. Fulltext Unusual spawning behaviour of the horseshoe crab (tachypleus gigas, müller) after the tsunami along Orissa coast, India
    Chatterji, Ani, Faizah Shaharom
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2009;17(2):-.
    MyJurnal
    The central coast of Tamil Nadu, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, along with other regions, was severely hit by the tsunami on 26 December 2004. A strange spawning behaviour of the Indian horseshoe crabs (Tachypleus gigas, Müller) was observed after the tsunami disturbance. Along the northeast coast of India, the horseshoe crabs normally migrate towards the shore in large numbers coinciding with the tidal height and grain size of the sediment and spawn in nests made in sand. The spawning behaviour was normal until November 2004 and throughout that period about 35 to 45 nests in 200 m2 of area of the breeding beach were examined. However, no nesting was observed from December 2004 to March 2005, i.e. after the occurrence of tsunami. The number of nests per 200 m2 of area (~82) and the number of eggs per nest (750-1000 eggs) were increased considerably when the normal conditions were restored in April 2005. The absence of spawning migration, from December 2004 to March 2005, is totally an unusual behaviour and this happened for the first time during the past several years of the study period.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  6. Fulltext Unstable haemoglobin Köln disease in members of a Malay family
    Eng LL, Lopez CG, Eapen JS, Eravelly J, Wiltshire BG, Lehmann H
    J Med Genet, 1972 Sep;9(3):340-3.
    PMID: 5079107 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.9.3.340
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  7. Unperceived dental needs in a group of Malaysian elderly patients
    Razak IA, Ali MM
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1989 Sep;18(5):516-8.
    PMID: 2619242
    The present study analysed the records of 342 elderly subjects aged 55 years and above of different ethnic groups to ascertain the types and level of their unperceived dental needs. The overall percentage of unperceived needs was highest among the Malays (96.1% or 74/77 subjects) and among the men (88.5% or 139/157 subjects). The unperceived need for prosthetic treatment was highest among the Malays and Chinese as well as among women, whereas the unperceived need for treatment for periodontal disease was highest among the Indians. The data for unperceived needs for prosthetic treatment as well as for treatment for caries and periodontal disease were somewhat similar among men. Within each ethnic group, variations among sex in the unperceived needs for the various dental symptoms were also noticeable. Further research is indicated to ascertain the role of traditional and cultural concepts and dogmas in determining the importance attached to the various dental health symptoms within each ethnic group.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  8. Fulltext Unmet needs for contraception in married women in a tribal area of India
    Patil SS, Abdul Rashid K, Narayan KA
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2010;10(2):44-51.
    MyJurnal
    Background and Objectives: Unmet need for contraception is the gap between women's reproductive intentions and their contraceptive behavior. This community based interventional study was carried out to determine the unmet needs for contraception, the reasons for this and to assess the impact of interventional measures on acceptance of contraception.
    Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted in 52 villages in the state of Maharashtra, India, among 363 married women selected by cluster sampling. Data was collected using an interview guide. An intervention was done for the women who had an unmet need and an assessment of the change was done subsequently. Data was analyzed by using SPSS.
    Results The prevalence of contraceptive usage was 59.2% and the prevalence of unmet need for contraception was 44% (160). The unmet need for spacing births was 53.8%, 38.7% for limiting births and 7.5% women were dissatisfied with the current contraceptive method. The reasons ranged from side effects to contraceptives to source of obtaining contraceptives. Age of the respondents, education and number of living children showed statistically significant association with unmet needs. Post intervention, the contraceptive prevalence rate increased significantly 85.7% and there was a significant reduction in the unmet needs for spacing and limiting births, equally there was a significant reduction of dissatisfaction with using contraception.
    Conclusion: Improvement in the use of contraception and addressing the unmet need for contraception requires community involvement and ongoing, sustained efforts by health workers to ensure quality care to the beneficiaries.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  9. Fulltext Unintentional injury and its prevention in infant: knowledge and self-reported practices of main caregivers
    Ramdzan SN, Liew SM, Khoo EM
    BMC Pediatr, 2014;14:132.
    PMID: 24885332 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-132
    BACKGROUND:
    Unintentional injuries are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants. Prevention of unintentional injuries has been shown to be effective with education. Understanding the level of knowledge and practices of caregivers in infant safety would be useful to identify gaps for improvement.

    METHODS:
    A cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban government health clinic in Malaysia among main caregivers of infants aged 11 to 15 months. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a semi-structured self-designed questionnaire. Responses to the items were categorised by the percentage of correct answers: poor (<50%), moderate (50% - 70%) and good (>70%).

    RESULTS:
    A total of 403 caregivers participated in the study. Of the 21 items in the questionnaire on knowledge, 19 had good-to-moderate responses and two had poor responses. The two items on knowledge with poor responses were on the use of infant walkers (26.8%) and allowing infants on motorcycles as pillion riders (27.3%). Self-reported practice of infant safety was poor. None of the participants followed all 19 safety practices measured. Eight (42.1%) items on self-reported practices had poor responses. The worst three of these were on the use of baby cots (16.4%), avoiding the use of infant walkers (23.8%) and putting infants to sleep in the supine position (25.6%). Better knowledge was associated with self-reported safety practices in infants (p < 0.05). However, knowledge did not correspond to correct practice, particularly on the use of baby cots, infant walkers and sarong cradles.

    CONCLUSION:
    Main caregivers' knowledge on infant safety was good but self-reported practice was poor. Further research in the future is required to identify interventions that target these potentially harmful practices.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  10. Undescended testis: a study of 212 cases treated surgically
    Joseph VT, Fong PH
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1981 Oct;10(4):502-6.
    PMID: 6124206
    Two hundred and twelve of undescended testes were operated on in the Department of Surgery, Singapore General Hospital between the years 1974 through 1980. There was a 51.9% incidence of right undescended testis, 34.9% left undescended testis and 13.2% were bilateral. The method of treatment was surgical exploration with orchidopexy wherever technically feasible or orchidectomy if the testis was found to be severely hypoplastic. Of the total series, 42% were operated on before the age of 5 years. The oldest patient undergoing orchidopery was aged 40. Failure of orchidopexy to secure the scrotal position for the testis was noted in 14 cases. This was probably due to inadequate mobilisation at the first operation. There was no mortality and no significant morbidity following surgical treatment in this series.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  11. Uncoupling protein 2 promoter polymorphism -866G/A, central adiposity, and metabolic syndrome in Asians
    Shen H, Qi L, Tai ES, Chew SK, Tan CE, Ordovas JM
    Obesity (Silver Spring), 2006 Apr;14(4):656-61.
    PMID: 16741267
    A polymorphism in the promoter region of uncoupling protein 2 gene -866G/A has been associated with its expression levels in adipose tissue, the risk of obesity, and metabolic abnormalities. Our purpose was to examine the associations of -866G/A with body fat and the risk of metabolic syndrome in a random sample of 4018 Asians (1858 men and 2160 women) from three ethnic groups (Chinese, Malay, and Indian). The minor allele frequency of -866G/A polymorphism in South Asians was similar to that in whites. After adjustment for covariates including age, cigarette smoking, and physical activity, the -866A/A genotype was associated with higher waist-to-hip ratio as compared with the wild-type genotype in Chinese and Indian men (p = 0.018 and p = 0.046, respectively). Moreover, Indian men with -866A/A genotype had a significantly increased risk of metabolic syndrome as compared with those homozygous for the wild-type (odds ratio, 2.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.21 to 5.88; p = 0.015). Such a risk was mainly caused by the excess presence of hypertriglyceridemia and central obesity. Our findings indicate that the uncoupling protein 2 gene -866G/A polymorphism may increase the risks of central obesity and metabolic syndrome, with greater effects on Asian men.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  12. Ultrastructure of sarcocysts from water buffalo in India
    Dubey JP, Speer CA, Shah HL
    Vet Parasitol, 1989 Nov;34(1-2):149-52.
    PMID: 2511659
    The ultrastructure of sarcocysts of macro- and microscopic species of Sarcocystis was compared from naturally infected water buffalo from India. Grossly visible sarcocysts had walls consisting of cauliflower-like villar protrusions, typical of S. fusiformis. The sarcocyst wall of the microscopic species of Sarcocystis was 6.4 microns thick and consisted of tightly packed conical villar protrusions that were 9.6 microns long and 3.7 microns wide at the base. At approximately 3 microns above the base, the distal two-thirds of the villar protrusion became conical shaped and was bent laterally at an angle of 45 degrees to the sarcocyst surface. The granular layer beneath the villar protrusions was 0.9 microns thick. In S. levinei the granular layer was 1.9 microns thick, the villar protrusions were narrow and it had a highly undulating primary cyst wall. Whether the microscopic S. levinei-like sarcocysts of Indian and Malaysian water buffalo are distinct species of Sarcocystis will require further investigation.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  13. Ultrasound screening of the abdominal aorta in Malaysians
    Teoh MK, Ramasamy D, Wong KP
    Aust N Z J Surg, 1992 Nov;62(11):862-5.
    PMID: 20169704
    Ultrasound examination of the abdominal aorta was performed on 100 patients with cardiovascular disease and a control group of 100 subjects. The objectives were to define the normal aortic size of Malaysians, to screen for aneurysms and to compare the aorta size of the different population groups. In the study group the mean anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the non-aneurysmal aortas at the level of the renal arteries was 1.82 cm (range 0.9-2.6 cm) in men and 1.83 cm (range 1.5-2.3 cm) in women. This compares with 1.61 cm (range 1.1-2.2 cm) in men and 1.50 cm (range 0.8-2.4 cm) in women in the control group. The dimensions of the infrarenal aorta show a similar relationship between the two groups. These AP diameters were significantly smaller than the published figures from studies done on Western populations and are consistent with the smaller stature of Malaysians. Five aneurysms and one ectasia were found (mean size 5 cm, range 3.5-6.0 cm), all in men aged 50-75 years in the study group, and none in the control group. All the aneurysms were easily palpable in these patients who were thinner than the average Caucasian. Given the lower incidence of aortic aneurysms in Malaysians there is no role for routine ultrasound screening of the population. High risk groups can be adequately screened by clinical examination alone.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  14. Fulltext Ulam intake among adults from various ethnic groups in Selangor. [Tabiat pengambilan ulam-ulaman di kalangan orang dewasa pelbagai etnik di Selangor]
    Nurul Izzah Ahmad, Aminah Abdullah, Md Pauzi Abdullah, Lee, Yook Heng, Wan Rozita Wan Mahiyuddin, Siti Fatimah Daud, et al.
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2010;8(2):27-35.
    MyJurnal
    A survey was conducted to investigate the level of consumption of ‘ulam’ in Selangor State among 252 adults (> 17 years) (male 28.6%, female 71.4%) of major ethnics (Malays-51.6%; Chinese-30.5%; Indians-17.5%) with the mean age of 42.7 ± 13.9 years. Consumption data were collected using 24 hours duplicate samples together with questionnaire on perceptions of ‘ulam.’ Results showed that ‘ulam’ was preferred by majority of the subjects (82.1%), especially amongst Malays (92.3%). A total of 52% of the subjects consumed partially or boiled ‘ulam.’ Factors that affect their preferences on ‘ulam’ were the perception of therapeutic effects of the ‘ulam’ towards health, its good taste and unique
    aroma. The most consumed ‘ulam’ were cucumber (Cucumis sativus) (60.6%) ‘kacang botol’ (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) (33%), Indian pennywort (Hydrocotyle asiatica) (31.5%), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) (27.6%), ‘petai’ (Parkia speciosa) (29%) and ‘ulam raja’ (Cosmos caudatus) (21.9%). The most preferred partially or boiled ‘ulam’
    were tapioca shoot (Manihot esculenta) (31.5%), ocra (Hibiscus esculentus) (12.5%) and ‘jantung pisang’ (Musa sapientum) (20.1%). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) amongst the three different ethnic groups on the consumption of ‘ulam’ and the median for total intake per day was within the range of 30-39 g/day. Ulam is a potential
    source for increasing vegetable consumption to meet recommendation by World Health Organization (WHO), which is 400 g per day.
    Keywords: Adults; perception; ‘ulam;’ Selangor State
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  15. Ubiquitous occurrence of sulfonamides in tropical Asian waters
    Shimizu A, Takada H, Koike T, Takeshita A, Saha M, Rinawati, et al.
    Sci Total Environ, 2013 May 1;452-453:108-15.
    PMID: 23500404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.027
    Seven sulfonamides, trimethoprim, five macrolides, lincomycin and three tetracyclines were measured in 150 water samples of sewage, livestock and aquaculture wastewater, and river and coastal waters, in five tropical Asian countries. The sum of the concentrations of the target antibiotics in sewage and heavily sewage-impacted waters were at sub- to low-ppb levels. The most abundant antibiotic was sulfamethoxazole (SMX), followed by lincomycin and sulfathiazole. The average concentration of SMX in sewage or heavily sewage-impacted waters was 1720 ng/L in Vietnam (Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh, Can Tho; n=15), 802ng/L in the Philippines (Manila; n=4), 538 ng/L in India (Kolkata; n=4), 282 ng/L in Indonesia (Jakarta; n=10), and 76 ng/L in Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur; n=6). These concentrations were higher than those in Japan, China, Europe, the US and Canada. A predominance of sulfonamides, especially SMX, is notable in these tropical countries. The higher average concentrations, and the predominance of SMX, can be ascribed to the lower cost of the antibiotics. Both the concentration and composition of antibiotics in livestock and aquaculture wastewater varied widely. In many cases, sulfamethazine (SMT), oxytetracycline (OTC), lincomycin, and SMX were predominant in livestock and aquaculture wastewater. Both human and animal antibiotics were widely distributed in the respective receiving waters (i.e., the Mekong River and Manila Bay). SMT/SMX ratios indicate a significant contribution from livestock wastewater to the Mekong River and nearby canals, with an estimated ~10% of river water SMX derived from such wastewater. Mass flow calculations estimate that 12 tons of SMX is discharged annually from the Mekong River into the South China Sea. Riverine inputs of antibiotics may significantly increase the concentration of such antibiotics in the coastal waters.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  16. Fulltext UHC Primary Health Care Self-Assessment Tool. Summary Report from Five Country Pilots.  
    Adyas A, Akazili J, Awoonor-Williams J, Dalingjong P, Ellangovan KK, Ismail MS, et al.
    Citation: Adyas A, et al. UHC Primary Health Care Self-Assessment Tool. Joint Learning Network for Universal Health Coverage: Primary Health Care
    Technical Initiative; 2016
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  17. Fulltext Typhoid and malaria co-infection - an interesting finding in the investigation of a tropical Fever
    Sulaiman W
    Malays J Med Sci, 2006 Jul;13(2):64-5.
    PMID: 22589607 MyJurnal
    Malaysia is endemic for both these diseases and one should not be too surprised when faced with a diagnosis of co-infection of typhoid and malaria, as have been described in India and Canada. Here we describe one such case of Salmonella typhi and Plasmodium vivax infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  18. Fulltext Type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension at primary healthcare level in Malaysia: are they managed according to guidelines?
    Chan GC
    Singapore Med J, 2005 Mar;46(3):127-31.
    PMID: 15735877
    A study was conducted at primary healthcare level in the Melaka Tengah district of Malaysia to determine whether hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were managed according to guidelines.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  19. Two new species of the Simulium (Simulium) tuberosum species-group (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Palawan, the Philippines
    Takaoka H, Tenedero VF
    Zootaxa, 2019 Mar 20;4568(2):zootaxa.4568.2.12.
    PMID: 31715866 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4568.2.12
    Two new species of black flies, Simulium mainitense and S. tukurongense, are described from Palawan, the Philippines. Both species are placed in the Simulium nitidithorax subgroup of the Simulium tuberosum species-group of Simulium (Simulium). They are characterized by the female sensory vesicle of medium length, pupal thorax covered with round tubercles, and anterodorsal trichomes on the pupal thorax longer than frontal trichomes. This combination of characters separates these two new species from S. quasifrenum Delfinado, the only previously known member of the S. nitidithorax subgroup from Palawan, and nine other related species from Sabah, Sarawak, Peninsular Malaysia and India. Simulium mainitense sp. nov. is distinguished from S. tukurongense sp. nov. in the female by the somewhat larger body size, and greater length ratio of the labrum against the clypeus; and in the pupa by the much longer gill filaments.
    Matched MeSH terms: India
  20. Twenty new species of Agrilus (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Agrilinae) from the Oriental Region
    Jendek E, Grebennikov VV
    Zootaxa, 2018 Jun 05;4429(1):107-131.
    PMID: 30313281 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.1.4
    Twenty new Agrilus species from the Oriental Region are described and illustrated: A. aramis sp. nov. (Laos), A. aries sp. nov. (Laos), A. armipes sp. nov. (Laos, India), A. athos sp. nov. (Laos, Thailand), A. bacan sp. nov. (Indonesia), A. bicolorifrons sp. nov. (Laos), A. cuprocunctus sp. nov. (Laos), A. ebenus sp. nov. (Laos, Thailand, Vietnam), A. frontis sp. nov. (Laos), A. gemellus sp. nov. (Nepal), A. khunborom sp. nov. (Laos), A. kyklos sp. nov. (Laos), A. loongfahi sp. nov. (Malaysia), A. metallinus sp. nov. (Laos), A. nemoralis sp. nov. (Laos), A. porthos sp. nov. (Laos), A. princeps sp. nov. (Laos), A. rex sp. nov. (Malaysia), A. sikhiav sp. nov. (Laos) and A. sinuosus sp. nov (Laos, Vietnam).
    Matched MeSH terms: India
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