Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 3439 in total

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  1. Pattern of Epstein-Barr virus association in childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: experience of university of malaya medical center
    Peh SC, Nadarajah VS, Tai YC, Kim LH, Abdullah WA
    Pathol. Int., 2004 Mar;54(3):151-7.
    PMID: 14989737
    The pattern of childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) usually differs in adults. The most common subtypes are lymphoblastic, Burkitt's and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Recent data indicate that a higher risk of developing lymphoma is associated in children of certain ethnic origins. The difference is probably related to the underlying etiological factors of these diseases, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a strong candidate. The present study aims to determine the disease pattern of childhood lymphomas in the University Hospital Kuala Lumpur, for a direct comparison to the reported data of adults from the same medical center. A total of 69 and 34 childhood NHL and Hodgkin's lymphomas, respectively, were retrieved. The most common subtypes were lymphoblastic (23 cases), Burkitt's (25 cases) and anaplastic large cell lymphomas (9 cases). Epstein-Barr virus association was more prevalent in B-cell (23%) than T-cell (12%) lymphomas. The most common EBV-associated tumor was Burkitt's lymphoma, and there was an increased risk of EBV association for Burkitt's lymphoma in Chinese patients. In conclusion, the pattern of childhood lymphoma in Malaysia is relatively similar to children elsewhere in the world. The EBV association of B- and T-NHL differs between children and adults from the same medical center because of differences in the subtype composition in these two age groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant
  2. Fulltext Multiple micronutrient supplementation improves growth and reduces the risk of anemia among infants in Gaza Strip, Palestine: a prospective randomized community trial
    Albelbeisi A, Shariff ZM, Mun CY, Rahman HA, Abed Y
    Nutr J, 2020 12 05;19(1):133.
    PMID: 33278899 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00652-7
    BACKGROUND: Infants and young children 6-24 months of age are the most nutritionally vulnerable groups, as their needs for vitamins and minerals are high relative to the amount of food they consume. This study determines the effect of Micronutrient Powder Supplementation (MNP) on growth and hemoglobin of infants in Gaza Strip, Palestine.

    METHOD: This was a two-arm parallel-group randomized controlled trial conducted in two health care clinics of the United Nations Relief and Work Agency (UNRWA) at the Middle Area governorate of Gaza Strip, Palestine. A total of 200 healthy infants aged 6-month-old were recruited and randomized to receive 3 sachets/week of MNP for 12 months alongside with the National Micronutrient Supplement (NMS) (n = 100) or NMS alone (n = 100). Weight, length, blood hemoglobin, and dietary intakes were measured at 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 (3 months after the end of intervention) months of age. Analysis was by intention to treat.

    RESULTS: The experimental group had a higher concentration of hemoglobin at 12 and 15 months than did the control group, and a significant difference (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Infant
  3. Fulltext Validation of CHERG'S Verbal Autopsy-Social Autopsy (VASA) tool for ascertaining determinants and causes of under-five child mortality in Pakistan
    Siddiqui MB, Ng CW, Low WY, Abid K
    PLoS One, 2023;18(12):e0278149.
    PMID: 38109305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278149
    The majority (40%) of the world's under-five mortality burden is concentrated in nations like Nigeria (16.5%), India (16%), Pakistan (8%), and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (6%), where an undetermined number of under-five deaths go unrecorded. In low-resource settings throughout the world, the Verbal Autopsy-Social Autopsy (VASA) technique may assist assess under-five mortality estimates, assigning medical and social causes of death, and identifying relevant determinants. Uncertainty regarding missing data in high-burden nations like Pakistan necessitates a valid and reliable VASA instrument. This is the first study to validate Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group-CHERG's VASA tool globally. In Pakistan, data from such a valid and reliable tool is vital for policy. This paper reports on the VASA tool in Karachi, Pakistan. Validity and reliability of the CHERG VASA tool were tested using face, content, discriminant validation, and reliability tests on one hundred randomly selected mothers who had recently experienced an under-five child death event. Data were computed on SPSS (version-21) and R software. Testing revealed high Item-content Validity Index (I-CVI) (>81.43%); high Cronbach's Alpha (0.843); the accuracy of between 75-100% of the discriminants classifying births to live and stillbirths; and I-CVI (>82.07% and 88.98% respectively) with high accuracy (92% and 97% respectively) for assigning biological and social causes of child deaths, respectively. The CHERG VASA questionnaire was found relevant to the conceptual framework and valid in Pakistan. This valid tool can assign accurate medical and non-medical causes of child mortality cases occurring in Pakistan.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn
  4. Fulltext Comparison of effects of mass annual and biannual single dose therapy with diethylcarbamazine for the control of Malayan filariasis
    Panicker KN, Krishnamoorthy K, Sabesan S, Prathiba J, Abidha
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1991 Sep;22(3):402-11.
    PMID: 1818392
    Annual and biannual mass single dose diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) at 6 mg/kg body weight was administered to people in a Brugia malayi endemic area in Shertallai part of Kerala, India, in 1987 and 1988. The coverage of population ranged between 41.33% and 66.01% in different rounds. The highest percentage of treated population developing side reactions was 8.4%. Both annual and biannual regimens were effective in reducing the microfilaria prevalence significantly from 4.90% to 1.23% and from 6.27% to 0.62% respectively and the incidence of infection was minimal in the adult population and zero among children. There was significant reduction in mean microfilaria count in both annual (81.08%) and biannual (98.00%) areas. Marked reduction in the proportion of high density carriers and infectivity index of the population after DEC therapy was also observed. Beneficial effect of mass single dose DEC on clinical cases of filariasis was evident from the reduction in the prevalence of acute manifestations, recent edema cases and the proportion of chronic cases with acute episodes. Results obtained from mass treatment areas were compared with those of the control area.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant
  5. Relationship of periodontal disease to pre-term low birth weight infants in a selected population--a prospective study
    Ali TB, Abidin KZ
    Community Dent Health, 2012 Mar;29(1):100-5.
    PMID: 22482259
    To assess effect of periodontal status of antenatal mothers on pregnancy outcomes in a selected population in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Low Birth Weight*; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature*
  6. Glial Heterotopia of the Base of Tongue: A Case Report
    Tuang GJ, Lee JPH, Velayutham P, Git KA, Ariffin NAA, Abidin ZAZ
    Medeni Med J, 2019;34(3):324-328.
    PMID: 32821456 DOI: 10.5222/MMJ.2019.88886
    Glial heterotopia of oropharynx is a congenital anomaly, whereby ectopic mature glial tissue is found around oropharynx isolated from the brain and spinal cord. Herein we report a rare presentation of a mass at the base of tongue in a neonate. In addition, to underscore the rarity of oropharygeal glial heterotopia, we discuss the dilemma in approaching its diagnosis and management in a neonate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  7. Fulltext Evaluation of risk factors for prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation in Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU)
    Ismail, I., Yap, B.W., Abidin, A.S.Z.
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(3):811-824.
    MyJurnal
    Prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) is associated with increase in mortality and resource utilisation as well as hospitalisation costs. This study evaluates the risk factors of PMV. A retrospective study was conducted involving 890 paediatric patients comprising 237 neonates, 306 infants, 223 of pre-school age and 124 who are of school going age. The data mining decision trees algorithms and logistic regression was employed to develop predictive models for each age category. The independent variables were classified into four categories, that is, demographic data, admission factors, medical factors and score factors. The dependent variable is the duration of ventilation where it is categorized 0 denoting non-PMV and 1 denoting PMV. The performances of three decision tree models (CHAID, CART and C5.0) and logistic regression were compared to determine the best model. The results indicated that the decision tree outperformed the logistic regression model for all age categories, given its good accuracy rate for testing dataset. Decision trees results identified length of stay and inotropes as significant risk factors in all age categories. PRISM 12 hours and principal diagnosis were identified as significant risk factors for infants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn
  8. Development of immunity to Epstein-Barr virus in Malaysian children
    Yadav MS, Malliga N, Ablashi DV
    Microbiologica, 1987 Jan;10(1):29-35.
    PMID: 3033449
    The pattern of seroconversion to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was determined in 98 Malaysian children aged 2 weeks to 12 years. Maternal IgG antibodies to EBV viral capsid antigen, ranging between 1:10 to 1:160 titer, were found in 70.6 percent of infants less than three months old, and dropped to 26 percent by seven to nine months. Primary infection, as denoted by emergence of EBV-IgM antibody, occurred at 4 to 6 months, and by eight years all children were seropositive. Maternal antibody titers to EBV nuclear antigen were detected in 52.9 percent of infants less than 3 months old, declined to undetectable levels by 4 to 12 months, and then increased to 40 percent by the age of 12 years. The IgA antibody to viral capsid antigen was absent in all but one infant aged one year; the child also had IgG anti-early antigen, The IgG antibody to EBV early antigen were present in 17.7 percent of the infants aged 3 months or less. This seroconversion to EBV in early life explains the absence of infectious mononucleosis in the Malaysian population. The data suggest that a subunit vaccine to protect against EBV-associated diseases, most notably nasopharyngeal carcinoma, commonly observed in Malaysians would have to be administered to infants 6-12 months of age.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn
  9. Low prevalence of antibody to human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) in Kadazans
    Yadav M, Umamaheswari S, Ablashi DV
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1990 Jun;21(2):259-63.
    PMID: 2173152
    The prevalence of antibody to human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viral capsid antigens (VCA) were analysed in sera from Kadazans of Sabah, North Borneo. At a serum dilution of 10, about 34% were positive for HHV-6 antibody but in contrast all 95 individuals studied were positive for EBV VCA antibody. The study shows that HHV-6 and EBV infection occur independently. The low frequency of seropositive individuals in this community suggests that other than socioeconomic factors are responsible for the spread of the virus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn
  10. Severe protein-energy malnutrition in Kuala Lumpur
    George R, Foo LC, Chong YH, Abraham SC
    J Trop Pediatr, 1981 10;27(5):259-62.
    PMID: 6798223 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/27.5.259
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant
  11. Towards a new role for the infant food industry
    Abraham SCE
    Family Practitioner, 1977;2:61-63.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Food; Infant, Newborn
  12. Usefulness of the Widal test in diagnosing childhood typhoid fever in endemic areas
    Choo KE, Razif AR, Oppenheimer SJ, Ariffin WA, Lau J, Abraham T
    J Paediatr Child Health, 1993 Feb;29(1):36-9.
    PMID: 8461177
    Data are presented for 2382 children investigated for fever in a Malaysian hospital between 1984 and 1987 when Widal tests and blood cultures were a routine part of every fever screen. There were 145 children who were culture positive (TYP-CP) for Salmonella typhi, while 166 were culture negative but were diagnosed as having typhoid (TYP-CN). Analyses of the sensitivity and specificity of combinations of initial Widal titres in predicting a positive S. typhi culture in a febrile child (culture positive vs the rest) showed the best model to be an O- and/or H-titre of > or = 1 in 40 (sensitivity 89%; specificity 89%). While the negative predictive value of the model was high (99.2%) the positive predictive value remained below 50% even for very high titres of O and H (> 1 in 640), at which point the specificity was 98.5%, supporting the clinical view that a high proportion of the TYP-CN patients really were typhoid but were missed by culture. The TYP-CN patients showed a very similar clinical and age profile to TYP-CP patients. The length of history of fever did not affect the initial Widal titre in culture positive cases. The Widal test in children remains a sensitive and specific 'fever screen' for typhoid although it will not identify all cases. In children, lower cut-off points for O- and H-titres should be used than are generally recommended.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant
  13. Fulltext Transcutaneous bilirubinometry in Malay, Chinese and Indian term neonates
    Boo NY, Abu Bakar A
    Med J Malaysia, 1984 Mar;39(1):35-7.
    PMID: 6513837
    The transcutaneous (Tc) bilirubinometer was evaluated in 105 jaundiced neonates, comprising 38 Malays, 37 Chinese and 30 Indians, who had not been treated with phototherapy or exchange transfusion. Tc bilirubin index and serum bilirubin concentration correlated at statistically significant levels in all the three racial groups. Unlike the Chinese and Malay babies, the action levels, using Tc bilirubin index, in the Indian babies are not reliable due to the wide variation of skin pigmentation. Neonatal jaundice is conventionally monitored by estimation of serum bilirubin level. This involves blood sampling. The transcutaneous (Tc) bilirubinometer, however, is non-invasive, small and portable. In this study, the use of the Tc bilirubinometer in the management of neonatal jaundice' in the three racial groups was evaluated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  14. Fulltext Congenital tongue base lipoblastoma causing neonatal airway compromise
    Wan MH, Tengku Nun Ahmad TE, Naicker MS, Abu Bakar MZ
    BMJ Case Rep, 2021 Jan 18;14(1).
    PMID: 33462056 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-239554
    Lipoblastomas are benign tumours of immature fat cells presenting in infancy. A lipoblastoma within the airway lumen causing airway compromise is an extremely rare occurrence. We present a 6 hours of life girl who had airway compromise due to a lobulated mass at the base of the tongue. The mass was excised after emergency endotracheal intubation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn
  15. Fulltext Intestinal nematode infections and efficacy study of oxantel-pyrantel pamoate among plantation workers
    Zahedi M, Oothuman P, Sabapathy NN, Abu Bakar N
    Med J Malaysia, 1980 Sep;35(1):31-7.
    PMID: 7253995
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant
  16. Fulltext Deaths in children during an outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease in Peninsular Malaysia--clinical and pathological characteristics
    Shekhar K, Lye MS, Norlijah O, Ong F, Looi LM, Khuzaiah R, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Aug;60(3):297-304.
    PMID: 16379183
    From July through December 1997, 11 previously healthy children in Peninsular Malaysia succumbed to an illness clinically characterised by an acute severe refractory left-ventricular failure, following a brief prodromal illness, in the midst of an outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), similar to the reported experience in Sarawak and Taiwan. Retrospective reviews of the clinical features and results of laboratory, pathological and virological investigations of cases were conducted. The median age of the 11 case-patients was 31 months (range, 13 to 49 months); 6 were males. A brief prodromal illness of 3 days (range, 2 to 5 days) was characterised by fever (axillary temperature > 38 degrees C) (100%), oral ulcers (72%), extremity rashes (45%) and significant vomiting (55%). Upon hospitalisation, 7 of 11 case-patients had features suggestive of cardiogenic shock, while 4 of 11 case-patients developed shock during hospitalisation as evidenced by marked sustained tachycardia (heart rate > or = 180 beats per minute), poor peripheral pulses and peripheral perfusion, mottled extremities, pulmonary oedema (haemorrhagic pulmonary secretions in 8 of 11 cases during tracheal intubation, often precipitated by conservative crystalloid boluses, and radiographic evidence of acute pulmonary oedema in 5 of 7 cases) and markedly impaired left ventricular function on echocardiographic examination (7 of 7 cases). Three of 4 case-patients had aseptic meningitis while one case-patient also had an acute flaccid paraparesis. Despite supportive therapy, death occurred within a median of 13.4 hours following hospitalization. Post-mortem findings (all 8 specimens examined) consistently demonstrated brain-stem encephalitis with foci of neuronal necrosis and micro-abscesses. None of the 11 specimens examined revealed histological evidence of myocarditis. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) was detected in 10 of 11 case-patients, many (7) from various sterile tissue sites (5 from central nervous tissues). No other viruses were isolated or identified. Clinical features and pathological studies closely paralleled the reported experience in Sarawak and Taiwan. The uniform necropsy findings of necrotizing brain-stem encephalitis coupled with essentially normal myocardial histology, in concert with the concurrent and consistent detection of EV71 points to a primary EV71 encephalitis; as yet unclear neurogenic mechanisms may account for the cardiovascular manifestations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant
  17. Fulltext A study on some aspects of the epidemiology of malaria in an endemic district in northern Peninsular Malaysia near Thailand border
    Rahman WA, Adanan CR, Abu Hassan A
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1998 Sep;29(3):537-40.
    PMID: 10437952
    A study on the distribution of malaria in Hulu Perak district, Peninsular Malaysia was carried out between January and December 1993. The study encompassed the distribution of malaria cases according to sex, age and profession. A total of 332 cases were recorded, with 182 cases occurring in males. The highest infection was observed in the above 15 years old age group. Forest workers (loggers, rattan collectors and forest product gatherers) were the group most exposed to the disease (32.8%), followed by both plantantion workers (32.2%) and aboriginal communities (32.2%). Army and police personnels (2.1%) were also infected. Plasmodium falciparum was the most common species of malaria in the area.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn
  18. Fulltext Epidemiology of head injury in Malaysian children: a hospital-based study
    Rohana J, Ong LC, Abu Hassan AA
    Med J Malaysia, 1998 Sep;53(3):217-22.
    PMID: 10968156
    A prospective observational study was carried out at the Emergency Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur to determine the proportion of accidental head injury among children and the circumstances of injury. The study was carried out from November 1993 to January 1994 on all children below 14 years who presented to the Emergency Department with accidental head injury. Accidental head injury made up (4.75%) of all cases seen at the Casualty Department. The ratio of boys to girls was 2:1. The mean age of head injured children was 5.2 (S.D. 3.63) years. The leading cause of head injury was fall (63%) followed by road traffic accidents (RTA) in (30.7%) while the rest were due to 'impact' (injury caused by flying object or missiles) injuries. More than half (54.4%) of those injured in RTA were pedestrians. Pedestrian injury was particularly important in the 5-< 14 years age group, where adult supervision was lacking in two thirds of the children. None of the patients who were involved in vehicle-related injuries had used a suitable protective or restraining device. All three patients who died were from this group. This study emphasises the need for stricter enforcement of laws related to the use of protective devices and measures to decrease child pedestrian injury. The issues of lack of adult supervision, both in and outside the home need to be addressed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn
  19. Trends in Vaccination Refusal in Children Under 2 Years of Age in Kedah, Malaysia: A 4-Year Review From 2013 to 2016
    Chan HK, Soelar SA, Md Ali SM, Ahmad F, Abu Hassan MR
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2018 03;30(2):137-146.
    PMID: 29292654 DOI: 10.1177/1010539517751312
    The current study examined how the trends in childhood vaccination refusal in Kedah, Malaysia, changed over a 4-year period (2013-2016). Data contributed by 60 public health centers were used to determine the annual incidence rates (per 1000 newborns) of vaccination refusal, and to identify the reasons for refusal among the mothers. The trend analysis revealed a 2.2-times increment in the incidence rates of vaccination refusal from 4.72 in 2013 to 10.51 in 2015, followed by a 52.2% reduction to 5.02 in 2016 ( P = .046). Besides, the proportion of mothers who refused vaccination because of religious belief reduced from 78% between 2013 and 2015 to 67.1% in 2016 ( P = .005). Overall, the finding confirms the positive impact of the educational and religious interventions introduced by the State Health Department of Kedah since January 2016; nonetheless, efforts to strengthen the existing strategies and thereby to maximize the vaccination coverage in Kedah are warranted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant
  20. Fulltext Circular RNAs: Potential Regulators of Treatment Resistance in Human Cancers
    Jeyaraman S, Hanif EAM, Ab Mutalib NS, Jamal R, Abu N
    Front Genet, 2019;10:1369.
    PMID: 32047511 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01369
    Circular RNAs (circRNAs) which were once considered as "junk" are now in the spotlight as a potential player in regulating human diseases, especially cancer. With the development of high throughput technologies in recent years, the full potential of circRNAs is being uncovered. CircRNAs possess some unique characteristics and advantageous properties that could benefit medical research and clinical applications. CircRNAs are stable with covalently closed loops that are resistant to ribonucleases, have disease stage-specific expressions and are selectively abundant in different types of tissues. Interestingly, the presence of circRNAs in different types of treatment resistance in human cancers was recently observed with the involvement of a few key pathways. The activation of certain pathways by circRNAs may give new insights to treatment resistance management. The potential usage of circRNAs from this aspect is very much in its infancy stage and has not been fully validated. This mini-review attempts to highlight the possible role of circRNAs as regulators of treatment resistance in human cancers based on its intersection molecules and cancer-related regulatory networks.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant
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