Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 370 in total

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  1. Spatial memory performance of Wistar rats exposed to mobile phone
    Narayanan SN, Kumar RS, Potu BK, Nayak S, Mailankot M
    Clinics (Sao Paulo), 2009;64(3):231-4.
    PMID: 19330250
    INTRODUCTION: With the tremendous increase in number of mobile phone users world wide, the possible risks of this technology have become a serious concern.

    OBJECTIVE: We tested the effects of mobile phone exposure on spatial memory performance.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats (10-12 weeks old) were exposed to 50 missed calls/day for 4 weeks from a GSM (900/1800 MHz) mobile phone in vibratory mode (no ring tone). After the experimental period, the animals were tested for spatial memory performance using the Morris water maze test.

    RESULTS: Both phone exposed and control animals showed a significant decrease in escape time with training. Phone exposed animals had significantly (approximately 3 times) higher mean latency to reach the target quadrant and spent significantly (approximately 2 times) less time in the target quadrant than age- and sex-matched controls.

    CONCLUSION: Mobile phone exposure affected the acquisition of learned responses in Wistar rats. This in turn points to the poor spatial navigation and the object place configurations of the phone-exposed animals.

    Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Wistar
  2. Beneficial metabolic effects of the Malaysian herb Labisia pumila var. alata in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome
    Mannerås L, Fazliana M, Wan Nazaimoon WM, Lönn M, Gu HF, Ostenson CG, et al.
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2010 Feb 3;127(2):346-51.
    PMID: 19883744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.10.032
    New options are needed to prevent and treat metabolic disorders associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Labisia pumila var. alata (LPva)-a Malaysian herb thought to have phytoestrogenic effects-has shown promise in reducing body weight gain in ovariectomized rats. In this study, we investigated the effect of LPva on body composition and metabolic features in female rats treated continuously with dihydrotestosterone, starting before puberty, to induce PCOS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Wistar
  3. Fulltext Effect of radio-frequency electromagnetic radiations (RF-EMR) on passive avoidance behaviour and hippocampal morphology in Wistar rats
    Narayanan SN, Kumar RS, Potu BK, Nayak S, Bhat PG, Mailankot M
    Ups. J. Med. Sci., 2010 May;115(2):91-6.
    PMID: 20095879 DOI: 10.3109/03009730903552661
    The interaction of mobile phone radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) with the brain is a serious concern of our society.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Wistar
  4. Bisnicalaterines B and C, atropisomeric bisindole alkaloids from Hunteria zeylanica, showing vasorelaxant activity
    Hirasawa Y, Hara M, Nugroho AE, Sugai M, Zaima K, Kawahara N, et al.
    J Org Chem, 2010 Jun 18;75(12):4218-23.
    PMID: 20469917 DOI: 10.1021/jo1006762
    Two new bisindole alkaloids, bisnicalaterines B and C (1 and 2) consisting of an eburnane and a corynanthe type of skeletons, were isolated from the bark of Hunteria zeylanica. Their absolute structures were determined by combination of NMR, CD, and computational methods, and each of them was shown to be in an atropisomeric relationship. Bisnicalaterines B and C (1 and 2) showed potent vasorelaxant activity on isolated rat aorta.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Wistar
  5. Oppositinines A and B: new vasorelaxant beta-carboline alkaloids from Neisosperma oppositifolia
    Ahmad K, Thomas NF, Hadi AH, Mukhtar MR, Mohamad K, Nafiah MA, et al.
    Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo), 2010 Aug;58(8):1085-7.
    PMID: 20686264
    A phytochemical study on the bark of Neisosperma oppositifolia (Apocynaceae) yielded two new beta-carboline indole alkaloids, oppositinines A (1) and B (2), together with five known alkaloids, isoreserpiline, isocarapanaubine, vobasine, 10-methoxydihydrocorynantheol-N-oxide, and ochropposinine oxindole. Structural elucidation of 1 and 2 was performed using 2D NMR methods. Oppositinines A (1) and B (2) showed potent vasorelaxant effects on the rat aorta.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Wistar
  6. Anti-hyperglycemic activity of the leaves of Tetracera scandens Linn. Merr. (Dilleniaceae) in alloxan induced diabetic rats
    Umar A, Ahmed QU, Muhammad BY, Dogarai BB, Soad SZ
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2010 Aug 19;131(1):140-5.
    PMID: 20600771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.06.016
    The present study was aimed to investigate the anti-diabetic potential of the leaves of Tetracera scandens Linn. Merr. (Dilleniaceae) in vivo with regard to prove its efficacy by local herbalists in the treatment of diabetes frailties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Wistar
  7. Evaluation of extemporaneously manufactured topical gels containing aceclofenac on inflammation and hyperalgesia in rats
    Pabreja K, Dua K, Padi SS
    Curr Drug Deliv, 2010 Oct;7(4):324-8.
    PMID: 20695843
    The systemic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which act by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) is severely hampered by gastric and peptic ulcers. The topical delivery of NSAIDs has the advantages of avoiding gastric and peptic ulcers and delivering the drug to the inflammation site. Importance of aceclofenac as a new generational NSAID has inspired the development of topical dosage forms. This mode of administration may help to avoid typical side effects of NSAIDs associated with oral and systemic administration such as gastric irritation, particularly diarrhoea, nausea, abdominal pain and flatulence. The aim of this study was to formulate topical gel containing 1% of aceclofenac in carbopol and PEG base and to evaluate it for analgesic and antiinflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia and paw oedema in rats. Carrageenan administration into the hind paw produced a significant inflammation associated with hyperalgesia as shown by decreased rat paw withdrawal latency in response to a thermal stimulus (47+/-0.5 degrees C) 4 h after carrageenan injection. Topical application of AF1 significantly attenuated the development of hypersensitivity to thermal stimulus as compared to control (P<0.05) and other formulation treated groups (P<0.05). All the AF semisolid formulations, when applied topically 2 h before carrageenan administration, inhibited paw edema in a timedependent manner with maximum percent edema inhibition of 80.33+/-2.52 achieved with AF1 after 5 h of carrageenan administration However, topical application of AF2 markedly prevented the development of edema as compared to other formulation (AF2 and AF3) treated groups (P<0.05). Among all the semisolid formulations, Carbopol gel base was found to be most suitable dermatological base for aceclofenac.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Wistar
  8. Aceclofenac topical dosage forms: in vitro and in vivo characterization
    Dua K, Pabreja K, Ramana MV
    Acta Pharm, 2010 Dec;60(4):467-78.
    PMID: 21169138 DOI: 10.2478/v1007-010-0036-5
    Aceclofenac is a new generation non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug showing effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is available in the form of tablets of 100 mg. Importance of aceclofenac as a NSAID has inspired development of topical dosage forms. This mode of administration may help avoid typical side effects associated with oral administration of NSAIDs, which have led to its withdrawal. Furthermore, aceclofenac topical dosage forms can be used as a supplement to oral therapy for better treatment of conditions such as arthritis. Ointments, creams, and gels containing 1% (m/m) aceclofenac have been prepared. They were tested for physical appearance, pH, spreadability, extrudability, drug content uniformity, in vitro diffusion and in vitro permeation. Gels prepared using Carbopol 940 (AF2, AF3) and macrogol bases (AF7) were selected after the analysis of the results. They were evaluated for acute skin irritancy, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects using the carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia and paw edema method. AF2 was shown to be significantly (p < 0.05) more effective in inhibiting hyperalgesia associated with inflammation, compared to AF3 and AF7. Hence, AF2 may be suggested as an alternative to oral preparations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Wistar
  9. Effect of ascorbic acid on the monosodium glutamate-induced neurobehavioral changes in periadolescent rats
    Narayanan SN, Kumar RS, Paval J, Nayak S
    Bratisl Lek Listy, 2010;111(5):247-52.
    PMID: 20568412
    In the current study we evaluated adverse effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on memory formation and its retrieval as well as the role of ascorbic acid (Vitamin-C) in prevention of MSG-induced alteration of neurobehavioral performance in periadolescent rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Wistar
  10. Reversal of memory deficits by Coriandrum sativum leaves in mice
    Mani V, Parle M, Ramasamy K, Abdul Majeed AB
    J Sci Food Agric, 2011 Jan 15;91(1):186-92.
    PMID: 20848667 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4171
    Coriandrum sativum L., commonly known as coriander and belonging to the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), is cultivated throughout the world for its nutritional value. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of fresh Coriandrum sativum leaves (CSL) on cognitive functions, total serum cholesterol levels and brain cholinesterase activity in mice. In this study, CSL (5, 10 and 15% w/w of diet) was fed orally with a specially prepared diet for 45 days consecutively to experimental animals. Elevated plus-maze and passive avoidance apparatus served as the exteroceptive behavioral models for testing memory. Diazepam, scopolamine and ageing-induced amnesia served as the interoceptive behavioral models.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Wistar
  11. The effects of Labisia pumila var. alata on bone markers and bone calcium in a rat model of post-menopausal osteoporosis
    Shuid AN, Ping LL, Muhammad N, Mohamed N, Soelaiman IN
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2011 Jan 27;133(2):538-42.
    PMID: 20971181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.10.033
    AIM OF THE STUDY: Postmenopausal osteoporosis is mainly treated with estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). However, ERT causes side effects, mainly breast cancer, uterine cancer and thromboembolic problems. Labisia pumila var. arata (LPva), a herb with phytoestrogenic effects has the potential to be used as an alternative agent to ERT. This study was conducted to determine the effects of LPva on bone biochemical markers and bone calcium content in ovariectomised rats.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty two Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups, with 8 rats in each group. The first group was sham operated (Sham), the second group was ovariectomised (OVX), the third (LPva) and fourth group (ERT) were also ovariectomised and given LPva 17.5 mg/kg and Premarin(®) 64.5 μg/kg, respectively. Blood samples were taken before and after treatment to measure osteocalcin and C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen levels using ELISA while the fifth lumbar bone samples were taken to measure bone calcium content using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).
    RESULTS: The osteocalcin levels were significantly higher in both the LPva and ERT groups compared to the OVX group. The CTX levels were significantly lower in both the LPva and ERT groups compared to the OVX group. However, only the ERT group had significantly higher bone calcium level compared to the OVX group.
    CONCLUSION: The supplementation of 17.5 mg/kg of LPva to ovariectomised rats for 8 weeks was able to prevent the changes in bone biochemical markers but failed to prevent the bone calcium loss induced by ovariectomy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Wistar
  12. Fulltext Lancifoliaine, a new bisbenzylisoquinoline from the bark of Litsea lancifolia
    Sulaiman SN, Mukhtar MR, Hadi AH, Awang K, Hazni H, Zahari A, et al.
    Molecules, 2011 Apr 13;16(4):3119-27.
    PMID: 21490559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16043119
    A new bisbenzylisoquinoline, lancifoliaine (1), together with seven known alkaloids--N-allyllaurolitsine (2), reticuline (3), actinodaphnine, norboldine, pallidine, cassythicine and boldine--were isolated from the stem bark of Litsea lancifolia (Lauraceae). In addition to that of lancifoliaine, complete ¹³C-NMR data of N-allyl-laurolitsine (2) was also reported. The alkaloidal structures were elucidated by means of high field 1D- and 2D-NMR IR, UV, and LCMS-IT-TOF spectral data. N-Allyllaurolitsine (2) showed a moderate vasorelaxant activity on isolated rat aorta.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Wistar
  13. Minocycline attenuates the development of diabetic neuropathic pain: possible anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant mechanisms
    Pabreja K, Dua K, Sharma S, Padi SS, Kulkarni SK
    Eur J Pharmacol, 2011 Jul 1;661(1-3):15-21.
    PMID: 21536024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.04.014
    Painful neuropathy, a common complication of diabetes mellitus is characterized by allodynia and hyperalgesia. Recent studies emphasized on the role of non-neuronal cells, particularly microglia in the development of neuronal hypersensitivity. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effect of minocyline, a selective inhibitor of microglial activation to define the role of neuroimmune activation in experimental diabetic neuropathy. Cold allodynia and thermal and chemical hyperalgesia were assessed and the markers of inflammation and oxidative and nitrosative stress were estimated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Chronic administration of minocycline (40 and 80 mg/kg, i.p.) for 2 weeks started 2 weeks after diabetes induction attenuated the development of diabetic neuropathy as compared to diabetic control animals. In addition, minocyline treatment reduced the levels of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, lipid peroxidation, nitrite and also improved antioxidant defense in spinal cords of diabetic rats as compared to diabetic control animals. In contrast, minocycline (80 mg/kg, per se) had no effect on any of these behavioral and biochemical parameters assessed in age-matched control animals. The results of the present study strongly suggest that activated microglia are involved in the development of experimental diabetic neuropathy and minocycline exerted its effect probably by inhibition of neuroimmune activation of microglia. In addition, the beneficial effects of minocycline are partly mediated by its anti-inflammatory effect by reducing the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and in part by modulating oxidative and nitrosative stress in the spinal cord that might be involved in attenuating the development of behavioral hypersensitivity in diabetic rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Wistar
  14. Learning and memory-enhancing effect of Bacopa monniera in neonatal rats
    Vollala VR, Upadhya S, Nayak S
    Bratisl Lek Listy, 2011;112(12):663-9.
    PMID: 22372329
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the learning and memory-enhancing effect of Bacopa monniera in neonatal rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Wistar
  15. Tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) supplementation protects against oxidative DNA damage and improves cognitive functions in Wistar rats
    Taridi NM, Yahaya MF, Teoh SL, Latiff AA, Ngah WZ, Das S, et al.
    Clin Ter, 2011;162(2):93-8.
    PMID: 21533313
    Oxidative stress is caused by imbalance between the productions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Palm oil antioxidants such as tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) is known to have neuroprotective effects on neurones by acting against free radical induced neuronal cell death. This study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of TRF on oxidative DNA damage and cognitive functions in experimental rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Wistar
  16. Effect of Cissus quadrangularis Linn on the development of osteopenia induced by ovariectomy in rats
    Potu BK, Nampurath GK, Rao MS, Bhat KM
    Clin Ter, 2011;162(4):307-12.
    PMID: 21912817
    The aim of our study was to see the efficacy of petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) on development of osteopenia in ovariectomy induced Wistar rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Wistar
  17. The aporphine alkaloid boldine improves endothelial function in spontaneously hypertensive rats
    Lau YS, Machha A, Achike FI, Murugan D, Mustafa MR
    Exp Biol Med (Maywood), 2012 Jan;237(1):93-8.
    PMID: 22156043 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011145
    Boldine, a major aporphine alkaloid found in Chilean boldo tree, is a potent antioxidant. Oxidative stress plays a detrimental role in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in hypertension. In the present study, we investigated the effects of boldine on endothelial dysfunction in hypertension using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), the most studied animal model of hypertension. SHR and their age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were treated with boldine (20 mg/kg per day) or its vehicle, which served as control, for seven days. Control SHR displayed higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), reduced endothelium-dependent aortic relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh), marginally attenuated endothelium-independent aortic relaxation to sodium nitroprusside (SNP), increased aortic superoxide and peroxynitrite production, and enhanced p47(phox) protein expression as compared with control WKY rats. Boldine treatment significantly lowered SBP in SHR but not in WKY. Boldine treatment enhanced the maximal relaxation to ACh in SHR, but had no effect in WKY, whereas the sensitivity to ACh was increased in both SHR and WKY aortas. Boldine treatment enhanced sensitivity, but was without effect on maximal aortic relaxation responses, to SNP in both WKY and SHR aortas. In addition, boldine treatment lowered aortic superoxide and peroxynitrite production and downregulated p47(phox) protein expression in SHR aortas, but had no effect in the WKY control. These results show that boldine treatment exerts endothelial protective effects in hypertension, achieved, at least in part, through the inhibition of NADPH-mediated superoxide production.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Wistar
  18. Ultra-slow oscillations in cortical networks in vitro
    Mok SY, Nadasdy Z, Lim YM, Goh SY
    Neuroscience, 2012 Mar 29;206:17-24.
    PMID: 22266346 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.01.009
    An ultra-slow oscillation (<0.01 Hz) in the network-wide activity of dissociated cortical networks is described in this article. This slow rhythm is characterized by the recurrence of clusters of large synchronized bursts of activity lasting approximately 1-3 min, separated by an almost equivalent interval of relatively smaller bursts. Such rhythmic activity was detected in cultures starting from the fourth week in vitro. Our analysis revealed that the propagation motifs of constituent bursts were strongly conserved across multiple oscillation cycles, and these motifs were more consistent at the electrode level compared with the neuronal level.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Wistar
  19. Fulltext Naucline, a new indole alkaloid from the bark of Nauclea officinalis
    Liew SY, Mukhtar MR, Hadi AH, Awang K, Mustafa MR, Zaima K, et al.
    Molecules, 2012 Apr 02;17(4):4028-36.
    PMID: 22469596 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17044028
    A new indole alkaloid, naucline (1) together with four known alkaloids, angustine (2), angustidine (3), nauclefine (4) and naucletine (5), were isolated from the bark of Nauclea officinalis. The structures of all isolated compounds were elucidated with various spectroscopic methods such as 1D- and 2D- NMR, IR, UV and LCMS-IT-TOF. In addition to that of alkaloid 1, the complete 13C-NMR data of naucletine (5) were also reported. Naucline (1) showed a moderate vasorelaxant activity (90% relaxation at 1 × 10(-5) M) whereas, angustine (2), nauclefine (4), and naucletine (5) showed potent vasorelaxant activity (more than 90% relaxation at 1 × 10(-5) M) on an isolated rat aorta.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Wistar
  20. An ex vivo culture model for orthodontically induced root resorption
    Wan Hassan WN, Stephenson PA, Waddington RJ, Sloan AJ
    J Dent, 2012 May;40(5):406-15.
    PMID: 22342686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.02.002
    Root resorption is a ubiquitous although undesirable sequela to orthodontic treatment. Current methods to investigate the pathophysiology have certain limitations. In pursuit to understand and develop treatment modalities for orthodontically induced root resorption, the ability to manipulate cells within their natural extracellular matrix in a three dimensional organotypic model is invaluable. The study aimed to develop a laboratory-based organotypic model to investigate the effect of orthodontic forces on the periodontium.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rats, Wistar
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