Displaying publications 821 - 840 of 1723 in total

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  1. Distribution and sources of lipid compound series in sediment cores of the southern South China Sea
    Tahir NM, Pang SY, Simoneit BR
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2015 May;22(10):7557-68.
    PMID: 25752627 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4184-5
    Three short sediment cores from inner continental shelf of the southern South China Sea (5-50 km) off Terengganu were analyzed for lipid contents (i.e., homologous aliphatic compounds and sterols) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The concentrations of the total aliphatic hydrocarbons (TAHs) ranged from 0.152 to 6.91 μg/g dry weight. The n-alkane distribution was from nC₁₃ to nC₃₆, with a carbon preference index (CPI₁₃₋₃₅) from 1.08 to 4.28 and a carbon number maximum (Cmax), depending on a sample, at 31 or 18. In addition, a strong odd-to-even carbon number predominance was observed in nC₂₅-nC₃₅ range. The distribution of the n-alkanoic acids and n-alkanols in all samples exhibited an even-to-odd carbon number predominance and ranged from C₁₀ to C₂₆ and from C₁₂ to C₃₄, respectively. The n-alkanols were dominated by the long-chain homologs with Cmax at 22; on the other hand, the n-alkanoic acid distributions showed a predominance of short-chain homologs with a Cmax at 16. The total sterol concentrations ranged from 0.41 to 3.57 μg/g dry weight. Cholesterol was most abundant at the offshore stations, whereas sitosterol was dominant at near-shore station. Pentacyclic triterpenoids such as friedelin and taraxerol α- and β-amyrins, which are known biomarkers for higher plants, were detected at all stations with a dilution trend offshore. In conclusion, the marine sediments off southern Terengganu can still be considered uncontaminated, where the compound sources are biogenic from terrestrial plants superimposed with a marine productivity input.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  2. SDS-PAGE electrophoretic property of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and its beta-subunit
    Gam LH, Latiff A
    Int J Biol Sci, 2005;1(3):103-9.
    PMID: 16094462
    The microheterogeneity property of hCG with regards to its sialic acid contents resulted in variable mobility of the glycoprotein in SDS-PAGE. The intact hCG molecule is composed of two dissimilar subunits, namely alpha- and beta-subunits. The identification of hCG bands in SDS-PAGE was accomplished by the immunoblotting experiment, whereby the antibody directed toward the specific region of beta-subunit of hCG was used. The data shows that the different mobility of intact hCG was attributed to the different degree of desialylation of the glycoprotein. Nevertheless, unlike the intact hCG, the mobility of its beta-subunit was not affected by its variety sialic acid content. This characteristic of beta-hCG is beneficial when semi-quantification of total hCG is required. Quantification of hCG using the HPLC-reversed phase C18 analytical column is not possible as the glycoprotein was eluted in multiple fractions at different retention times. The identification of denatured hCG (HPLC eluted fractions) was carried out by immunoblotting experiment whilst immunoassay technique failed to detect its presence in any fraction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  3. Fulltext Ethanolic Extract of Polygonum minus Protects Differentiated Human Neuroblastoma Cells (SH-SY5Y) against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress
    Sayuti NH, Zulkefli N, Tan JK, Saad N, Baharum SN, Hamezah HS, et al.
    Molecules, 2023 Sep 20;28(18).
    PMID: 37764502 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186726
    Neuronal models are an important tool in neuroscientific research. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a major risk factor of neuronal oxidative stress, initiates a cascade of neuronal cell death. Polygonum minus Huds, known as 'kesum', is widely used in traditional medicine. P. minus has been reported to exhibit a few medicinal and pharmacological properties. The current study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of P. minus ethanolic extract (PMEE) on H2O2-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. LC-MS/MS revealed the presence of 28 metabolites in PMEE. Our study showed that the PMEE provided neuroprotection against H2O2-induced oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2/ARE, NF-κB/IκB and MAPK signaling pathways in PMEE pre-treated differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Meanwhile, the acetylcholine (ACH) level was increased in the oxidative stress-induced treatment group after 4 h of exposure with H2O2. Molecular docking results with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) depicted that quercitrin showed the highest docking score at -9.5 kcal/mol followed by aloe-emodin, afzelin, and citreorosein at -9.4, -9.3 and -9.0 kcal/mol, respectively, compared to the other PMEE's identified compounds, which show lower docking scores. The results indicate that PMEE has neuroprotective effects on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in vitro. In conclusion, PMEE may aid in reducing oxidative stress as a preventative therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Liquid
  4. Determination of process contaminants 2- and 3-MCPD esters and glycidyl esters in palm-based glycerol by indirect analysis using GC-MS
    Ramli NAS, Roslan NA, Abdullah F, Bilal B, Ghazali R, Abd Razak RA, et al.
    Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 2023 Oct;40(10):1307-1321.
    PMID: 37682685 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2255290
    Esters of 2- and 3-monochloropropanediol (2-MCPDE, 3-MCPDE) and glycidol (GE) are regarded as process contaminants that are found in refined vegetable oils and oil-based foods. Since glycerol is produced during fat splitting, saponification and biodiesel production, it is important to have methods for determining contaminants that might be formed during these processes. Due to the use of glycerol as a food additive, data on the presence of compounds of toxicological concern, including 3-MCPD, are of interest. This study focuses on modifying the indirect analysis of 2-MCPDE, 3-MCPDE and GE using GC-MS based on the AOCS Official Method Cd 29a-13, validating the modified method, and quantifying 2-MCPDE, 3-MCPDE and GE in glycerol. The AOCS Cd 29a-13 method was modified at the initial stage of sample preparation in which the targeted esters were extracted from glycerol by vortex-assisted extraction before sample analysis. This modification was performed based on the polarity of all compounds involved. The calibration functions for all analytes were fitted to linear regression with R2 above 0.99. Limits of detection (LOD) 0.02, 0.01 and 0.02 mg kg-1 were obtained for 2-MCPDE, 3-MCPDE and GE, respectively. Spiked glycerol with 3-MCPDE and 2-MCPDE (0.25, 0.51 and 1.01 mg kg-1) and GE (0.58, 1.16 and 2.32 mg kg-1) were used for recovery and precision measurements. Recoveries of 100-108%, 101-103%, and 93-99% were obtained for 2-MCPDE, 3-MCPDE and GE, respectively. Acceptable precision levels with relative standard deviations ranged from 3.3% to 8.3% were obtained for repeatability and intermediate precision. The validated method was successfully applied for the analysis of the target compounds in refined glycerol from commercial plants, which showed that 2-MCPDE, 3-MCPDE and GE levels in the analysed samples were below the detection limit.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  5. Fulltext Quantitative proteomics analysis of permethrin and temephos-resistant Ae. aegypti revealed diverse differentially expressed proteins associated with insecticide resistance from Penang Island, Malaysia
    Shettima A, Ishak IH, Lau B, Abu Hasan H, Miswan N, Othman N
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2023 Sep;17(9):e0011604.
    PMID: 37721966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011604
    Synthetic insecticides are the primary vector control method used globally. However, the widespread use of insecticides is a major cause of insecticide-resistance in mosquitoes. Hence, this study aimed at elucidating permethrin and temephos-resistant protein expression profiles in Ae. aegypti using quantitative proteomics. In this study, we evaluated the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti from Penang Island dengue hotspot and non-hotspot against 0.75% permethrin and 31.25 mg/l temephos using WHO bioassay method. Protein extracts from the mosquitoes were then analysed using LC-ESI-MS/MS for protein identification and quantification via label-free quantitative proteomics (LFQ). Next, Perseus 1.6.14.0 statistical software was used to perform differential protein expression analysis using ANOVA and Student's t-test. The t-test selected proteins with≥2.0-fold change (FC) and ≥2 unique peptides for gene expression validation via qPCR. Finally, STRING software was used for functional ontology enrichment and protein-protein interactions (PPI). The WHO bioassay showed resistance with 28% and 53% mortalities in adult mosquitoes exposed to permethrin from the hotspot and non-hotspot areas. Meanwhile, the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti larvae revealed high resistance to temephos in hotspot and non-hotspot regions with 80% and 91% mortalities. The LFQ analyses revealed 501 and 557 (q-value <0.05) differentially expressed proteins in adults and larvae Ae. aegypti. The t-test showed 114 upregulated and 74 downregulated proteins in adult resistant versus laboratory strains exposed to permethrin. Meanwhile, 13 upregulated and 105 downregulated proteins were observed in larvae resistant versus laboratory strains exposed to temephos. The t-test revealed the upregulation of sodium/potassium-dependent ATPase β2 in adult permethrin resistant strain, H15 domain-containing protein, 60S ribosomal protein, and PB protein in larvae temephos resistant strain. The downregulation of troponin I, enolase phosphatase E1, glucosidase 2β was observed in adult permethrin resistant strain and tubulin β chain in larvae temephos resistant strain. Furthermore, the gene expression by qPCR revealed similar gene expression patterns in the above eight differentially expressed proteins. The PPI of differentially expressed proteins showed a p-value at <1.0 x 10-16 in permethrin and temephos resistant Ae. aegypti. Significantly enriched pathways in differentially expressed proteins revealed metabolic pathways, oxidative phosphorylation, carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, glycolysis, and citrate cycle. In conclusion, this study has shown differentially expressed proteins and highlighted upregulated and downregulated proteins associated with insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti. The validated differentially expressed proteins merit further investigation as a potential protein marker to monitor and predict insecticide resistance in field Ae. aegypti. The LC-MS/MS data were submitted into the MASSIVE database with identifier no: MSV000089259.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Liquid
  6. Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) as potential membrane protein biomarker for bladder cancer cells
    Roslan A, Said DS, Sulaiman N, Mohd Ghani KA, Nurdin A
    J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2023 Nov 30;236:115729.
    PMID: 37778199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115729
    Studies reveal that alterations in membrane protein (MP) patterns are associated with underlying drug resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, the tryptic-digested MPs from the bladder cancer cell line were subjected to global proteomics using LC-MS/MS to identify the highly expressed potential MPs in bladder cancer cells. Our findings revealed the identification of MP biomarkers, CD147, and caveolin-1. Immunocytochemistry analysis confirmed the presence of CD147 on the cell membrane, while caveolin-1 showed positive signals without apparent staining on the membrane, suggesting its existence in multiple locations. Western blot analysis confirmed the higher expression of CD147 in non-invasive (RT 112) and metastatic (UM-UC-13) bladder cancer cells compared to invasive bladder cancer cells (5637 and J82), suggesting its potential as an MP biomarker for both of the former subtypes. The identified MPs could be used as drug therapy targets aimed at improving drug sensitivity and enhancing treatment outcomes in bladder cancer patients. SIGNIFICANCE: Identification of the membrane proteins associated with bladder cancer recurrence is crucial to understanding the mechanisms underlying the drug resistance to chemotherapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Liquid
  7. The anti-allergic potential of stingless bee honey from different botanical sources via modulation of mast cell degranulation
    Yong PYA, Yip AJW, Islam F, Hong HJ, Teh YE, Tham CL, et al.
    BMC Complement Med Ther, 2023 Sep 04;23(1):307.
    PMID: 37667314 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04129-y
    BACKGROUND: Allergy is an inflammatory disorder affecting around 20% of the global population. The adverse effects of current conventional treatments give rise to the increased popularity of using natural food products as complementary and alternative medicine against allergic diseases. Stingless bee honey, commonly known as Kelulut honey (KH) in Malaysia, has been used locally as a traditional remedy to relieve cough and asthma. This study evaluated the anti-allergic potential of KH collected from four different botanical sources on phorbol ester 12-myristate-3-acetate and calcium ionophore-activated human mast cells.

    METHODS: The present study examined the inhibitory effects of all collected honey on the release of selected inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, histamine, and β-hexosaminidase in an activated HMC. Besides that, all honey's total phenolic content (TPC) was also examined, followed by using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify the phytochemicals in the honey. Further examination of the identified phytochemicals on their potential interaction with selected signaling molecules in an activated mast cell was conducted using computational methods.

    RESULTS: The results indicated that there were significant inhibitory effects on all selected inflammatory mediators' release by KH sourced from bamboo (BH) and rubber tree (RH) at 0.5% and 1%, but not KH sourced from mango (AH) and noni (EH). BH and RH were found to have higher TPC values and were rich in their phytochemical profiles based on the LC-MS/MS results. Computational studies were employed to determine the possible molecular target of KH through molecular docking using HADDOCK and PRODIGY web servers.

    CONCLUSIONS: In short, the results indicated that KH possesses anti-allergic effects towards an activated HMC, possibly by targeting downstream MAPKs. However, their anti-allergic effects may vary according to their botanical sources. Nevertheless, the present study has provided insight into the potential application of stingless bee honey as a complementary and alternative medicine to treat various allergic diseases.

    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Liquid
  8. A simple and rapid HPLC-DAD method for simultaneously monitoring the accumulation of alkaloids and precursors in different parts and different developmental stages of Catharanthus roseus plants
    Pan Q, Saiman MZ, Mustafa NR, Verpoorte R, Tang K
    J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci, 2016 Mar 1;1014:10-6.
    PMID: 26854826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.01.034
    A rapid and simple reversed phase liquid chromatographic system has been developed for simultaneous analysis of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) and their precursors. This method allowed separation of 11 compounds consisting of eight TIAs (ajmalicine, serpentine, catharanthine, vindoline, vindolinine, vincristine, vinblastine, and anhydrovinblastine) and three related precursors i.e., tryptophan, tryptamine and loganin. The system has been applied for screening the TIAs and precursors in Catharanthus roseus plant extracts. In this study, different organs i.e., flowers, leaves, stems, and roots of C. roseus were investigated. The results indicate that TIAs and precursor accumulation varies qualitatively and quantitatively in different organs of C. roseus. The precursors showed much lower levels than TIAs in all organs. Leaves and flowers accumulate higher level of vindoline, catharanthine and anhydrovinblastine while roots have higher level of ajmalicine, vindolinine and serpentine. Moreover, the alkaloid profiles of leaves harvested at different ages and different growth stages were studied. The results show that the levels of monoindole alkaloids decreased while bisindole alkaloids increased with leaf aging and upon plant growth. The HPLC method has been successfully applied to detect TIAs and precursors in different types of C. roseus samples to facilitate further study of the TIA pathway and its regulation in C. roseus plants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  9. Hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction with in situ derivatization for the determination of trace amounts of metformin hydrochloride (anti-diabetic drug) in biological fluids
    Ben-Hander GM, Makahleh A, Saad B, Saleh MI
    J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci, 2013 Dec 15;941:123-30.
    PMID: 24200841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.10.007
    A three phase hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction with in situ derivatization (in situ HF-LPME) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) method was developed for the trace determination of metformin hydrochloride (MH) in biological fluids. A new derivatization agent pentafluorobenzoyl chloride (PFBC) was used. Several parameters that affect the derivatization and extraction efficiency were studied and optimized (i.e., type of organic solvent, volume of NaOH (4M) and derivatization agent in the donor phase, acceptor phase (HCl) concentration, stirring speed, temperature, time and salt addition). Under the optimum conditions (organic solvent, dihexyl ether; volume of NaOH (4M) and derivatization agent (10mg PFBC in 1mL acetonitrile) in the donor phase, 600 and100μL, respectively; acceptor phase, 100mM HCl (10μL); stirring speed, 300rpm; extraction time, 30min; derivatization temperature, 70°C; without addition of salt) an enrichment factor of 210-fold was achieved. Good linearity was observed over the range of 1-1000ngmL(-1) (r(2)=0.9998). The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.56 and 1.68ngmL(-1), respectively. The proposed method has been applied for the determination of MH in biological fluids (plasma and urine) and water samples. Prior to the microextraction treatment of plasma samples, deproteinization step using acetonitrile was conducted. The proposed method is simple, rapid, sensitive and suitable for the determination of MH in a variety of samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  10. Antidepressant evaluation of Andrographis paniculata Nees extract and andrographolide in chronic unpredictable stress zebrafish model
    Aldurrah Z, Mohd Kauli FS, Abdul Rahim N, Zainal Z, Afzan A, Al Zarzour RH, et al.
    Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol, 2023 Sep;271:109678.
    PMID: 37301417 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109678
    Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) showed an anti-depressive effect in rodent models. Zebrafish has recently emerged as a worthy complementary translational model for antidepressant drug discovery study. This study investigates the anti-depressive effect of A. paniculata extract and andrographolide in the chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)- zebrafish model. Four groups of zebrafish (n = 10/group), i.e. control, CUS (stressed, untreated), CUS + A. paniculata (100 mg/L) and CUS + fluoxetine (0.01 mg/L) were assessed in open-field and social interaction tests, 24 h after treatment. After extract screening, behavioural and cortisol analysis of andrographolide (5, 25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) were evaluated. Before the behavioural study, acute toxicity and characterization of A. paniculata extract using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS were performed. A significant reduction in freezing duration was found in A. paniculata- (t-test, p = 0.0234) and fluoxetine-treated groups (t-test, p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Liquid
  11. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations of apoptosis proteins with potential anticancer compounds present in Clinacanthus nutans extract using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    Ismail NZ, Mohamed WAS, Ab Rahim N, Hashim NM, Adebayo IA, Mohamad Zain NN, et al.
    J Biomol Struct Dyn, 2023;41(13):6104-6120.
    PMID: 35899385 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2101530
    Clinacanthus nutans is a medicinal plant recognised for its anticancer properties. We previously discovered that the C. nutans extract had the most potent inhibitory effect on MCF7 breast cancer cell and significantly induced apoptosis. However, there is a scarcity of studies demonstrating the molecular interactions of C. nutans-derived chemical compounds associated with apoptosis-related proteins. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the potential chemical compounds found in the C. nutans extract and examine their interactions with the targeted apoptotic proteins using molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations. To address this objective, the compounds found in the SF2 extract of C. nutans were analysed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The molecular interaction of the compounds with the targeted apoptotic proteins were determined using molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations. GC-MS analysis revealed a total of 32 compounds in the SF2 extract. Molecular docking analysis showed that compound β-amyrenol had the highest binding affinity for MDM2-P53 (-7.26 kcal/mol), BCL2 (-11.14 kcal/mol), MCL1-BAX (-6.42 kcal/mol), MCL1-BID (-6.91 kcal/mol), and caspase-9 (-12.54 kcal/mol), whereas campesterol had the highest binding affinity for caspase-8 (-10.11 kcal/mol) and caspase-3 (-10.14 kcal/mol). These selected compounds were subjected to molecular dynamic simulation at 310 K for 100 ns. The results showed that the selected protein-ligand conformation complexes were stable, compact, and did not alter much when compared to the protein references. The findings indicate that β-amyrenol and campesterol are potentially significant compounds that might provide insight into the molecular interactions of the compounds with the apoptosis-related proteins.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  12. Fulltext Brain proteomics links oxidative stress with metabolic and cellular stress response proteins in behavioural alteration of Alzheimer's disease model rats
    Rahman MA, Hossain S, Abdullah N, Aminudin N
    AIMS Neurosci, 2019;6(4):299-315.
    PMID: 32341985 DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2019.4.299
    Alzheimer's disease (AD) impairs memory and learning related behavioural performances of the affected person. Compared with the controls, memory and learning related behavioural performances of the AD model rats followed by hippocampal proteomics had been observed in the present study. In the eight armed radial maze, altered performance of the AD rats had been observed. Using liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), 822 proteins had been identified with protein threshold at 95.0%, minimum peptide of 2 and peptide threshold at 0.1% FDR. Among them, 329 proteins were differentially expressed with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Among the significantly regulated (P < 0.05) 329 proteins, 289 met the criteria of fold change (LogFC of 1.5) cut off value. Number of proteins linked with AD, oxidative stress (OS) and hypercholesterolemia was 59, 20 and 12, respectively. Number of commonly expressed proteins was 361. The highest amount of proteins differentially expressed in the AD rats were those involved in metabolic processes followed by those linked with OS. Most notable was the perturbed state of the cholesterol metabolizing proteins in the AD group. Current findings suggest that proteins associated with oxidative stress, glucose and cholesterol metabolism and cellular stress response are among the mostly affected proteins in AD subjects. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches targeting these proteins could be strategized to withstand the ever increasing global AD burden.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Liquid
  13. Label-free Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Ascorbic Acid-induced Differentially Expressed Osteoblast-related Proteins in Dental Pulp Stem Cells from Deciduous and Permanent Teeth
    Zainol Abidin IZ, Manogaran T, Abdul Wahab RM, Karsani SA, Yazid MD, Yazid F, et al.
    Curr Stem Cell Res Ther, 2023;18(3):417-428.
    PMID: 35762553 DOI: 10.2174/1574888X17666220627145424
    BACKGROUND: Proteomic is capable of elucidating complex biological systems through protein expression, function, and interaction under a particular condition.

    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the potential of ascorbic acid alone in inducing differentially expressed osteoblast-related proteins in dental stem cells via the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/ mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach.

    METHODS: The cells were isolated from deciduous (SHED) and permanent teeth (DPSC) and induced with 10 μg/mL of ascorbic acid. Bone mineralisation and osteoblast gene expression were determined using von Kossa staining and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The label-free protein samples were harvested on days 7 and 21, followed by protein identification and quantification using LC-MS/MS. Based on the similar protein expressed throughout treatment and controls for SHED and DPSC, overall biological processes followed by osteoblast-related protein abundance were determined using the PANTHER database. STRING database was performed to determine differentially expressed proteins as candidates for SHED and DPSC during osteoblast development.

    RESULTS: Both cells indicated brownish mineral stain and expression of osteoblast-related genes on day 21. Overall, a total of 700 proteins were similar among all treatments on days 7 and 21, with 482 proteins appearing in the PANTHER database. Osteoblast-related protein abundance indicated 31 and 14 proteins related to SHED and DPSC, respectively. Further analysis by the STRING database identified only 22 and 11 proteins from the respective group. Differential expressed analysis of similar proteins from these two groups revealed ACTN4 and ACTN1 as proteins involved in both SHED and DPSC. In addition, three (PSMD11/RPN11, PLS3, and CLIC1) and one (SYNCRIP) protein were differentially expressed specifically for SHED and DPSC, respectively.

    CONCLUSION: Proteome differential expression showed that ascorbic acid alone could induce osteoblastrelated proteins in SHED and DPSC and generate specific differentially expressed protein markers.

    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Liquid
  14. Fulltext Protein Profiling of Aedes aegypti Treated with Streptomyces sp. KSF103 Ethyl Acetate Extract Reveals Potential Insecticidal Targets and Metabolic Pathways
    Tan KS, Azman AS, Hassandarvish P, Amelia-Yap ZH, Tan TK, Low VL
    Int J Mol Sci, 2023 Aug 03;24(15).
    PMID: 37569772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512398
    The insecticidal activity of Streptomyces sp. KSF103 ethyl acetate (EA) extract against mosquitoes is known; however, the underlying mechanism behind this activity remains elusive. In this study, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed to investigate changes in the protein profile of Aedes aegypti larvae and adults treated with lethal concentrations of 50 (LC50) EA extract. By comparing the treated and untreated mosquitoes, this study aimed to identify proteins or pathways that exhibit alterations, potentially serving as targets for future insecticide development. Treatment with a lethal concentration of EA extract upregulated 15 proteins in larvae, while in adults, 16 proteins were upregulated, and two proteins were downregulated. These proteins were associated with metabolism, protein regulation/degradation, energy production, cellular organization and structure, enzyme activity, and catalysis, as well as calcium ion transport and homeostasis. Notably, ATP synthase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA), and ATP citrate synthase were significantly expressed in both groups. Gene ontology analysis indicated a focus on energy metabolic processes. Molecular docking revealed a strong interaction between dodemorph, selagine (compounds from the EA extract), and FBA, suggesting FBA as a potential protein target for insecticide development. Further studies such as Western blot and transcriptomic analyses are warranted to validate the findings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Liquid
  15. In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity, free radical (DPPH) scavenging, and ferric reducing ability (FRAP) of Sargassum cristaefolium lipid-soluble fraction and putative identification of bioactive compounds using UHPLC-ESI-ORBITRAP-MS/MS
    Saraswati, Giriwono PE, Iskandriati D, Tan CP, Andarwulan N
    Food Res Int, 2020 Nov;137:109702.
    PMID: 33233276 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109702
    Sargassum brown seaweed is well-known to contain several bioactive compounds which exhibit various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Lipophilic extracts and fractions of Sargassum were reported to possess promising anti-inflammatory activity. This study, therefore, aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of Sargassum cristaefolium crude lipid extract and its fractions. The brown seaweed was obtained from Awur Bay, Jepara - Indonesia. Crude lipid fractionation was performed using normal phase column chromatography, and three different fractions (dichloromethane, acetone, methanol) were produced. The results showed that treatment of acetone fraction exerted strongest nitric oxide inhibition in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells, both in pre-incubated and co-incubated cell culture models. This outcome was in accordance with its 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Metabolite profiling of lipid fractions was performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry, while the orthogonal projection to latent structures analysis was conducted to determine some features with significant correlation to the bioactivity. There were 14 feature candidates considered from both positive and negative ionization mode datasets. Seven out of them were putatively identified as pheophytin a (1), all-trans fucoxanthin (2), 132-hydroxy-pheophytin a (3), pheophorbide a (4), 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-3-O-β-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol (6), 1-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl)-2-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-3-O-β-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol (10), and 1-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-2-(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatetraenoyl)-3-O-β-D-galactosyl-sn glycerol (12).
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  16. Preparation and Optimization OF Palm-Based Lipid Nanoparticles Loaded with Griseofulvin
    Huei Lim W, Jean Tan Y, Sin Lee C, Meng Er H, Fung Wong S
    Iran J Pharm Res, 2017;16(2):451-461.
    PMID: 28979300
    Palm-based lipid nanoparticle formulation loaded with griseofulvin was prepared by solvent-free hot homogenization method. The griseofulvin loaded lipid nanoparticles were prepared via stages of optimisation, by altering the high pressure homogenisation (HPH) parameters, screening on palm-based lipids and Tween series surfactants and selection of lipid to surfactant ratios. A HPLC method has been validated for the drug loading capacity study. The optimum HPH parameter was determined to be 1500 bar with 5 cycles and among the palm-based lipid materials; Lipid C (triglycerides) was selected for the preparation of lipid nanoparticles. Tween 80 was chosen from the Tween series surfactants for its highest saturated solubility of griseofulvin at 53.1 ± 2.16 µg/mL. The optimum formulation of the griseofulvin loaded lipid nanoparticles demonstrated nano-range of particle size (179.8 nm) with intermediate distribution index (PDI) of 0.306, zeta potential of -27.9 mV and drug loading of 0.77%. The formulation was stable upon storage for 1 month at room temperature (25 (°)C) and 45 (°)C with consistent drug loading capacity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  17. Fulltext Phytochemical Constituents, Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Properties of a Liverwort, Lepidozia borneensis Stephani from Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
    Abu Bakar MF, Abdul Karim F, Suleiman M, Isha A, Rahmat A
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2015;2015:936215.
    PMID: 26640502 DOI: 10.1155/2015/936215
    The study aimed to investigate the phytochemical contents, antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of 80% methanol extract of Lepidozia borneensis. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were analysed using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride colorimetric methods. Antioxidant properties were evaluated by using FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH assays while the effects of L. borneensis on the proliferation of MCF-7 cell line were evaluated by using MTT assay. The results showed that the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 12.42 ± 0.47 mg GAE/g and 9.36 ± 1.29 mg CE/g, respectively. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of at least 35 compounds. The extract was found to induce cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell line with IC50 value of 47.33 ± 7.37 µg/mL. Cell cycle analysis showed that the extract induced significant arrest at G0/G1 at 24 hours of treatment. After 72 hours of treatment, the proportion of cells in G0/G1 and G2-M phases had decreased significantly as compared to their control. Apoptosis occurred during the first 24 hours and significantly increased to 30.8% after 72 hours of treatment. No activation of caspase 3 was observed. These findings suggest that L. borneensis extract has the potential as natural antioxidant and anticancer agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  18. Fulltext In Vitro Pharmacological Activities and GC-MS Analysis of Different Solvent Extracts of Lantana camara Leaves Collected from Tropical Region of Malaysia
    Swamy MK, Sinniah UR, Akhtar MS
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2015;2015:506413.
    PMID: 26783409 DOI: 10.1155/2015/506413
    We investigated the effect of different solvents (ethyl acetate, methanol, acetone, and chloroform) on the extraction of phytoconstituents from Lantana camara leaves and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Further, GC-MS analysis was carried out to identify the bioactive chemical constituents occurring in the active extract. The results revealed the presence of various phytocompounds in the extracts. The methanol solvent recovered higher extractable compounds (14.4% of yield) and contained the highest phenolic (92.8 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (26.5 mg RE/g) content. DPPH radical scavenging assay showed the IC50 value of 165, 200, 245, and 440 μg/mL for methanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, and chloroform extracts, respectively. The hydroxyl scavenging activity test showed the IC50 value of 110, 240, 300, and 510 μg/mL for methanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, and chloroform extracts, respectively. Gram negative bacterial pathogens (E. coli and K. pneumoniae) were more susceptible to all extracts compared to Gram positive bacteria (M. luteus, B. subtilis, and S. aureus). Methanol extract had the highest inhibition activity against all the tested microbes. Moreover, methanolic extract of L. camara contained 32 bioactive components as revealed by GC-MS study. The identified major compounds included hexadecanoic acid (5.197%), phytol (4.528%), caryophyllene oxide (4.605%), and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)- (3.751%).
    Matched MeSH terms: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  19. Fulltext Zeolite Nanoparticles for Selective Sorption of Plasma Proteins
    Rahimi M, Ng EP, Bakhtiari K, Vinciguerra M, Ali Ahmad H, Awala H, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2015 Nov 30;5:17259.
    PMID: 26616161 DOI: 10.1038/srep17259
    The affinity of zeolite nanoparticles (diameter of 8-12 nm) possessing high surface area and high pore volume towards human plasma proteins has been investigated. The protein composition (corona) of zeolite nanoparticles has been shown to be more dependent on the plasma protein concentrations and the type of zeolites than zeolite nanoparticles concentration. The number of proteins present in the corona of zeolite nanoparticles at 100% plasma (in vivo state) is less than with 10% plasma exposure. This could be due to a competition between the proteins to occupy the corona of the zeolite nanoparticles. Moreover, a high selective adsorption for apolipoprotein C-III (APOC-III) and fibrinogen on the zeolite nanoparticles at high plasma concentration (100%) was observed. While the zeolite nanoparticles exposed to low plasma concentration (10%) exhibited a high selective adsorption for immunoglobulin gamma (i.e. IGHG1, IGHG2 and IGHG4) proteins. The zeolite nanoparticles can potentially be used for selectively capture of APOC-III in order to reduce the activation of lipoprotein lipase inhibition during hypertriglyceridemia treatment. The zeolite nanoparticles can be adapted to hemophilic patients (hemophilia A (F-VIII deficient) and hemophilia B (F-IX deficient)) with a risk of bleeding, and thus might be potentially used in combination with the existing therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Liquid
  20. Antioxidant and Wound Healing Activity of Polyherbal Fractions of Clinacanthus nutans and Elephantopus scaber
    Aslam MS, Ahmad MS, Mamat AS, Ahmad MZ, Salam F
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2016;2016:4685246.
    PMID: 27528881 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4685246
    Elephantopus scaber and Clinacanthus nutans are traditionally used as wound healing herb. The objective of the present study is to develop a new polyherbal formulation, by comparison, the herbal combination of Elephantopus scaber and Clinacanthus nutans as an in vitro antioxidant activity with their individual herbal activity followed by fractionation of polyherbal formulation for in vivo wound healing activities and identification of bioactive compounds from their active fractions. Antioxidant activity was performed in vitro by DPPH scavenging antioxidant activity followed by in vivo wound healing activities using excision wound model, incision wound model, and burn wound model. Toxicity of the fractions of the polyherbal formulation was performed by a dermal toxicity test. The result showed that Elephantopus scaber crude extract on the basis of EC50 performs a much faster action (15.67 μg/mL) but with less % inhibition (87.66%) as compared to the combination of the new polyherbal formulation of crude extract (30 μg/mL). The polyherbal formulation has the highest % inhibition (89.49%) at the same dose as compared to Elephantopus scaber (87.66%). In comparison among all crude and fractions of new polyherbal formulation, it was found that the ethyl acetate fraction of polyherbal formulation has the fastest activity (EC50 14.83 μg/mL) with % inhibition (89.28%). Furthermore, during evaluation of wound contraction on excision and incision wound model, ethyl acetate fraction possesses the highest activity with (P < 0.001) and (P < 0.0001), respectively. During burn wound model, aqueous fraction (P < 0.001) possesses the highest activity followed by an ethyl acetate fraction (P < 0.0001). LC-MS analysis discovered the presence of several flavonoid-based compounds that work synergistically with sesquiterpene lactone and other bioactive compounds. In conclusion, flavonoid increases the antioxidant activity that surges the rate of wound contraction and works synergistically with other bioactive compounds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Liquid
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