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  1. Fulltext Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with poor glycaemic control have lower quality of life scores as measured by the Short Form-36
    Kamarul Imran M, Ismail AA, Naing L, Wan Mohamad WB
    Singapore Med J, 2010 Feb;51(2):157-62.
    PMID: 20358156
    INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to compare the quality of life based on the Short Form-36 (SF-36) between two different groups of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with glycaemic control: those with a glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level at or below 7.5 percent and those above 7.5 percent.
    METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a generic SF-36 questionnaire was self-administered to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Based on the HbA1c level, the mean SF-36 scale scores were compared. The analysis of covariance was used to obtain the adjusted mean scores of the SF-36 scales while controlling for age and duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    RESULTS: 150 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were analysed. There were 63 (42 percent) women and 87 (58 percent) men, and their mean HbA1c level was 8.9 percent (SD 2.4 percent). When comparing the two groups of patients with different HbA1c levels, the adjusted means of four scales: physical health functioning, general health, social functioning and mental health, differed significantly between the two. The SF-36 scale scores in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were also lower than those of the SF-36 norms for the Malaysian population.
    CONCLUSION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with poor glycaemic control had lower mean SF-36 scores in physical functioning, general health, social functioning and mental health, and the SF-36 scores in these patients were also lower than the SF-36 norms of the Malaysian population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/metabolism*; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood*
  2. Fulltext The improvement of hypertension by probiotics: effects on cholesterol, diabetes, renin, and phytoestrogens
    Lye HS, Kuan CY, Ewe JA, Fung WY, Liong MT
    Int J Mol Sci, 2009 Sep;10(9):3755-75.
    PMID: 19865517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10093755
    Probiotics are live organisms that are primarily used to improve gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, constipation, lactose intolerance, and to inhibit the excessive proliferation of pathogenic intestinal bacteria. However, recent studies have suggested that probiotics could have beneficial effects beyond gastrointestinal health, as they were found to improve certain metabolic disorders such as hypertension. Hypertension is caused by various factors and the predominant causes include an increase in cholesterol levels, incidence of diabetes, inconsistent modulation of renin and imbalanced sexual hormones. This review discusses the antihypertensive roles of probiotics via the improvement and/or treatment of lipid profiles, modulation of insulin resistance and sensitivity, the modulation of renin levels and also the conversion of bioactive phytoestrogens as an alternative replacement of sexual hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholesterol/blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood; Hypertension/blood
  3. Reference value for cardiac troponin I in a multi-ethnic group
    Sthaneshwar P, Jamaluddin FA, Fan YS
    Pathology, 2010;42(5):454-6.
    PMID: 20632822 DOI: 10.3109/00313025.2010.493861
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) values, measured by the ADVIA TnI-Ultra method in a multi-ethnic group and to determine the imprecision of the assay.
    Matched MeSH terms: Myocardial Infarction/blood*; Biomarkers/blood*; Troponin I/blood*
  4. Glycaemic & insulinaemic responses in men at rest following sago meal
    Ahmad H, Singh R, Ghosh AK
    Indian J Med Res, 2009 Aug;130(2):160-5.
    PMID: 19797813
    Sago (Metroxylin sagu) is one of the main sources of native starch. In Malaysia sago dishes are commonly eaten with sugar. However, other societies use sago as a staple food item instead of rice or potato. The study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ingestion of different physical forms of sago supplementation on plasma glucose and plasma insulin responses, as compared to the white bread supplementation in man, during resting condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/metabolism*; Insulin/blood*
  5. Bioactive fractions containing methyl eugenol-derived sex pheromonal components in haemolymph of the male fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)
    Hee AK, Tan KH
    Bull. Entomol. Res., 2005 Dec;95(6):615-20.
    PMID: 16336709 DOI: 10.1079/BER2005392
    Sex pheromonal components of the tephritid fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), 2-allyl-4,5-dimethoxyphenol and (E)-coniferyl alcohol, are biosynthesized from a highly potent male attractant, methyl eugenol, then sequestered and stored in the rectal gland prior to their release during courtship at dusk. These sex pheromonal components have been detected in the haemolymph and crop organ. Hence, attempts were made to separate and identify the haemolymph fractions which contained the sex pheromonal components. Identification of these bioactive fractions in methyl eugenol-fed male flies using gel filtration column chromatography and biodetection using live male flies showed two fractions as highly attractive to conspecific males. These fractions show a significant increase in protein absorbance in the elution profile of haemolymph from methyl eugenol-fed males compared with that from methyl eugenol-deprived males. The molecular mass of these bioactive fractions as determined by using gel filtration was in the peptide range of 3.3 to 5.5 kDa. Subsequent gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses further confirmed the presence of the pheromonal components in the bioactive fractions. The presence of these methyl eugenol-derived sex pheromonal components in specific haemolymph fractions suggests the involvement of a sex pheromone binding complex.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eugenol/blood; Phenols/blood*; Sex Attractants/blood
  6. Fulltext Comparison of serum F2 isoprostane levels in diabetic patients and diabetic patients infected with Burkholderia pseudomallei
    Puthucheary SD, Nathan SA
    Singapore Med J, 2008 Feb;49(2):117-20.
    PMID: 18301838
    Oxidative stress can occur in sepsis and infection, when overproduction of free radicals is not countered by the host antioxidant system, leading to impairment of host cellular functions. Various disease states are accompanied by the accumulation of 15-F2t-IsoP in biological fluids. These isoprostanes are considered as markers of oxidative stress, and inflammation and inflammatory mediators.
    Matched MeSH terms: Melioidosis/blood*; F2-Isoprostanes/blood*; Diabetes Complications/blood
  7. Fulltext Serum cancer antigen 125 in patients with pleural effusions
    How SH, Liam CK, Jamalludin AR, Chin SP, Zal AB
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Dec;61(5):558-63.
    PMID: 17623956 MyJurnal
    We studied the prevalence of raised serum CA125 in patients with pleural effusions and explored factors affecting its level. Sixty four patients with benign effusions and 36 patients with malignant effusions admitted to the University Malaya Medical Centre from May 2001 to January 2002 were included in the study. There were no significant differences in age, gender and ethnicity of the patients with benign and malignant effusions. There was also no difference in the frequency of the side of pleural effusion between the two groups but compared to benign effusions, a higher proportion of malignant effusions was moderate to large in size (66% versus 39%, p = 0.011). Serum CA125 levels were above 35U/dL in 83.3% and 78.1% of patients with malignant and benign effusions, respectively (p = 0.532). All patients with underlying malignancy and 95.3% of patients with benign effusions had pleural fluid CA125 levels above 35U/dL (p = 0.187). The median levels of CA125 were higher in the pleural fluid than in the serum in all aetiological groups. Higher serum CA125 levels were more likely to be found in patients with moderate to large effusions (p = 0.015), malignant effusions (p = 0.001) and in female patients (0.016). Serum CA125 level showed significant correlation with pleural fluid CA125 level (r = 0.532, p < 0.001) but not with pleural fluid total white blood cell count (r = -0.092, p = 0.362), red blood cell count (r = -0.082, p = 0.417) and lactate dehydrogenase level (r = 0.062, p = 0.541). We conclude that serum CA125 is commonly elevated in patients with benign and malignant pleural effusions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/blood*; Pleural Effusion/blood*; CA-125 Antigen/blood*
  8. Vitamin D status and its association with parathyroid hormone concentrations in women of child-bearing age living in Jakarta and Kuala Lumpur
    Green TJ, Skeaff CM, Rockell JE, Venn BJ, Lambert A, Todd J, et al.
    Eur J Clin Nutr, 2008 Mar;62(3):373-8.
    PMID: 17342165
    OBJECTIVE: To describe the vitamin D status of women living in two Asian cities,--Jakarta (6 degrees S) and Kuala-Lumpur (2 degrees N), to examine the association between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations, and to determine a threshold for plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D above which there is no further suppression of PTH. Also, to determine whether dietary calcium intake influences the relationship between PTH and 25-hydroxyvitamin D.

    DESIGN: Cross-sectional.

    SETTING: Jakarta, Indonesia and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

    PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 504 non-pregnant women 18-40 years.

    MAIN MEASURES: Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and PTH.

    RESULTS: The mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 48 nmol/l. Less than 1% of women had a 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration indicative of vitamin D deficiency (<17.5 nmol/l); whereas, over 60% of women had a 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration indicative of insufficiency (<50 nmol/l). We estimate that 52 nmol/l was the threshold concentration for plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D above which no further suppression of PTH occurred. Below and above this concentration the slopes of the regression lines were -0.18 (different from 0; P=0.003) and -0.01 (P=0.775), respectively. The relation between vitamin D status and parathyroid hormone concentration did not differ between women with low, medium or high calcium intakes (P=0.611); however, even in the highest tertile of calcium intake, mean calcium intake was only 657 mg/d.

    CONCLUSION: On the basis of maximal suppression of PTH we estimate an optimal 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration of approximately 50 nmol/l. Many women had a 25-hydroxyvitamin D below this concentration and may benefit from improved vitamin D status.

    Matched MeSH terms: Parathyroid Hormone/blood*; Vitamin D/blood*; Vitamin D Deficiency/blood*
  9. The prevalence of human cytomegalovirus seropositivity among blood donors at the Unit of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
    Ahmed SA, Al-Joudi FS, Zaidah AW, Roshan TM, Rapiaah M, Abdullah YM, et al.
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2006 Mar;37(2):294-6.
    PMID: 17124989
    Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a species-specific DNA virus of the Herpetoviridae family. After a primary infection, HCMV persists in a latent form most probably in bone marrow progenitor cells or in peripheral blood monocytes. The virus can reactivate to result in shedding of the virus leading to virus dissemination and new infections. Immunocompromized patients are the ones most vulnerable to serious diseases occasionally acquired in blood transfusions. In a human population, HCMV seropositivity increases steadily with age to become approximately 100% in adults. This study was performed to detect seropositivity among regular blood donors in The Hospital of the Universiti Sains Malaysia, in the state of Kelantan. Using an enzyme immunoassay, it was found that 97.6% of blood donors were HCMV-positive. HCMV is highly prevalent and may be endemic in Kelantan. Hence, long-term strategies are required for the reduction of disease dissemination, and to prevent the exposure of immunocompromized patients to the virus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood*; Blood Donors*
  10. [Hemorrhagic dengue fever after trip to Malaysia]
    Hafner C, Koellner K, Vogt T, Landthaler M, Szeimies RM
    Hautarzt, 2006 Aug;57(8):705-7.
    PMID: 16283129
    A 39-year-old patient developed a disseminated rash with scattered petechiae, fever, malaise and arthralgia after a trip to Malaysia. The patient displayed increasing dengue IgG titers and borderline dengue IgM titers. Dengue fever with a hemorrhagic course is a rare condition in adult patients. Patients who have previously had dengue fever and retained non-neutralizing heterotypic antibodies are more likely to develop this complication via the phenomenon of antibody-dependent enhancement.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/blood; Immunoglobulin G/blood; Immunoglobulin M/blood
  11. Fulltext Adiponectin and resistin gene polymorphisms in association with their respective adipokine levels
    Lau CH, Muniandy S
    Ann. Hum. Genet., 2011 May;75(3):370-82.
    PMID: 21323646 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2010.00635.x
    Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the adiponectin and resistin loci are strongly associated with hypoadiponectinemia and hyperresistinemia, which may eventually increase risk of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), metabolic syndrome (MS), and cardiovascular disease. Real-time PCR was used to genotype SNPs of the adiponectin (SNP+45T>G, SNP+276G>T, SNP+639T>C, and SNP+1212A>G) and resistin (SNP-420C>G and SNP+299G>A) genes in 809 Malaysian men (208 controls, 174 MS without T2DM, 171 T2DM without MS, 256 T2DM with MS) whose ages ranged between 40 and 70 years old. The genotyping results for each SNP marker was verified by sequencing. The anthropometric clinical and metabolic parameters of subjects were recorded. None of these SNPs at the adiponectin and resistin loci were associated with T2DM and MS susceptibility in Malaysian men. SNP+45T>G, SNP+276G>T, and SNP+639T>C of the adiponectin gene did not influence circulating levels of adiponectin. However, the G-allele of SNP+1212A>G at the adiponectin locus was marginally associated (P= 0.0227) with reduced circulating adiponectin levels. SNP-420C>G (df = 2; F= 16.026; P= 1.50×10(-7) ) and SNP+299G>A (df = 2; F= 22.944; P= 2.04×10(-10) ) of the resistin gene were strongly associated with serum resistin levels. Thus, SNP-420C>G and SNP+299G>A of the resistin gene are strongly associated with the risk of hyperresistinemia in Malaysian men.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood; Metabolic Syndrome X/blood; Adipokines/blood*
  12. Maternal hemoglobin level and red cell indices as predictors of gestational diabetes in a multi-ethnic Asian population
    Tan PC, Chai JN, Ling LP, Omar SZ
    Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol, 2011;38(2):150-4.
    PMID: 21793277
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate maternal hemoglobin levels and red cell indices as predictive factors for gestational diabetes (GDM).

    METHOD: Data from 1,538 women were analyzed. At the first visit for prenatal care, the 50-gram glucose challenge test was followed by the 75-gram glucose tolerance test in those who screened positive. GDM was diagnosed based on the WHO (1999) criteria. Maternal complete blood count was obtained at the first visit, hospitalization for birth, and after birth. Receiver operator characteristic curves were generated to establish thresholds. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to establish independent predictors of GDM.

    RESULTS: GDM was diagnosed in 182/1,538 (11.8%). GDM was associated with hemoglobin level, hematocrit and erythrocyte count at the first visit for prenatal care only. Hemoglobin threshold at the first visit was established at 11.5 g/dl. After adjustment, high hemoglobin [AOR 1.5 (95% CI 1.0-2.1); p = 0.027] remained predictive of GDM.

    CONCLUSIONS: High maternal hemoglobin level at the first prenatal visit is independently predictive of GDM.

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose/analysis*; Diabetes, Gestational/blood*
  13. Fulltext Seroprevalence of Malassezia furfur in an urban population in Malaysia
    Chua KB, Devi S, Hooi PS, Chong KH, Phua KL, Mak JW
    Malays J Pathol, 2003 Jun;25(1):49-56.
    PMID: 16196378
    An in-house prepared M. furfur antigen was used to carry out a seroprevalence study in an urban population in Malaysia by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Of the 800 serum samples from all ages screened, 738 samples were positive for M. furfur specific IgG, giving an overall seropositive rate of 92.3%. There was no significant difference in the seropositive rates among the different gender group and races. However, there was a statistical significant difference in the seropositive rate among different age groups with a lower rate (73%) for the age group 5 years old and below, which increased rapidly to 99% for the 16 to 20 years old age group but declined slightly for the oldest age group. The degree of seropositivity, which semi-quantitatively reflect the anti-M. furfur specific IgG titre, did not show any significant difference among the gender and racial groups. On the other hand, there was a significant difference in the degree of seropositivity among the various age groups, with the 16 to 20 years old age group having the highest antibody titre and the extreme of age groups having the lower antibody titre.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Fungal/blood*; Dermatomycoses/blood*; Immunoglobulin G/blood
  14. Analysis of endosulfan and its metabolites in rat plasma and selected tissue samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    Chan MP, Mohd MA
    Environ Toxicol, 2005 Feb;20(1):45-52.
    PMID: 15712329
    A method has been developed for the determination of trace levels of alpha-endosulfan, beta-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, and endosulfan diol in rat plasma and tissue samples. Endosulfan and its metabolites in the plasma samples were extracted with solid-phase extraction Chromabond-end-capped C18 cartridges and analyzed by a Shimadzu QP-5050A gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GCMS) with quadrupole detector in selected-ion-monitoring mode. The analysis of endosulfan and its metabolites in liver and kidney samples involved solvent extraction, Florisil solid-phase-extraction cleanup, and quantitation by GCMS. Recovery experiments for the plasma and tissue samples were conducted over concentration ranges of 10-100 ng mL(-1) and 100-1000 ng mL(-1), respectively. The method was applied to the analysis of trace levels of endosulfan and its metabolites in plasma and tissue samples collected from an animal study. Trace levels of alpha-endosulfan and beta-endosulfan in the ranges of undetectable to 3.11 microg g(-1) and undetectable to 1.19 microg g(-1), respectively, were detected in the kidney samples, whereas trace levels of endosulfan sulfate in the range of 0.02-0.22 microg g(-1) were detected in the liver samples of rats. Neither endosulfan nor its metabolites was detected in any of the plasma samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Endosulfan/blood*; Insecticides/blood*; Rats/blood
  15. An evaluation of beta-hydroxybutyrate in milk and blood for prediction of subclinical ketosis in dairy cows
    Samiei A, Liang JB, Ghorbani GR, Hirooka H, Yaakub H, Tabatabaei M
    Pol J Vet Sci, 2010;13(2):349-56.
    PMID: 20731192
    The first objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) in milk and blood to assess the reliability of the BHBA concentrations in milk measured by a semi quantitative keto-test paper to detect subclinical ketosis (SCK) in 50 fresh high-producing Iranian Holstein cows in Golestan Province, Iran. The second objective was the effects of SCK on milk yield and components. Concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and BHBA were analyzed quantitatively in blood plasma and commercial keto-test paper was used for semi quantitative determination of BHBA concentration in milk. Milk yield was measured until 60 d after calving but milk compositions were measured until 30 d after calving. The mean plasma BHBA, milk BHBA, plasma NEFA, milk yield, milk fat percentage and milk fat: protein ratio were 1,234 micromol/L, 145 micromol/L, 0.482 mEq/L, 29.5 kg, 3.9% and 1.4, respectively. Fifty eight percent of the cows had SCK during the first month of lactation. High correlation coefficients were observed between blood BHBA and blood NEFA, and between blood and milk BHBA. The milk yield of cattle with SCK decreased (P < 0.01) but the fat percentage and milk fat: protein ratio increased (P < 0.01). The commercial keto-test paper used had a low false positive result at a cut-off point of 200 fmol of BHBA/L of milk. The results showed that the best time to assess SCK using the commercial keto-test paper was d 10, 14 and 17 after calving.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cattle Diseases/blood*; Ketosis/blood; 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid/blood*
  16. Plasma vitamin C and tocotrienols changes in response to dietary supplementation among young male adults
    Zahara AM, Lee CC, Fatimah IS, Poh BK, Khairul O, Das S, et al.
    Clin Ter, 2010;161(2):121-4.
    PMID: 20499024
    Intake of the antioxidant vitamins C and E lowers the oxidative stress. The study aimed to determine plasma concentrations of vitamin C and tocotrienols after supplementation of both vitamins in young male adults.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ascorbic Acid/blood*; Vitamins/blood*; Tocotrienols/blood*
  17. Fulltext Differentiation analyses of adult suspension mononucleated peripheral blood cells of Mus musculus
    Ariffin SH, Abidin IZ, Yazid MD, Wahab RM
    Cell Commun Signal, 2010;8:29.
    PMID: 20969794 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811X-8-29
    The purpose of this study is to determine whether isolated suspension mouse peripheral mononucleated blood cells have the potential to differentiate into two distinct types of cells, i.e., osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Cells
  18. Quantitative determination of propranolol by ultraviolet HPLC in human plasma
    Salman SA, Sulaiman SA, Ismail Z, Gan SH
    Toxicol. Mech. Methods, 2010 Mar;20(3):137-42.
    PMID: 20128736 DOI: 10.3109/15376511003602112
    Many previous published methods for the quantitative determination of propranolol (PRN) in human plasma have poor recoveries and were not validated according to the FDA guideline. The aim of this study is to develop a simple HPLC method for detecting PRN in human plasma and to validate it so that it can be applied to a clinical study. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a mixture of a mobile phase consisting of 160 ml water, 180 ml methanol, 70 ml acetonitrile, 2.5 ml acetic acid, and 125 microl triethylamine (v/v). The pH of the whole mixture was adjusted to 3.4. A flow rate of 0.5 ml/min was employed throughout with a 15 microl injection volume. Detection was done using a UV detector at 291 nm. The validated method was linear for concentrations ranging from 15-180 ng/ ml with a good separation and specificity for both PRN and its internal standard, oxprenolol (OXP), with excellent recoveries, precision, and accuracies. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 1 and 10 ng/ml, respectively. The stability studies demonstrated that PRN is stable in the autosampler vials and also up to 3.5 months. To the authors' knowledge, the recovery, that ranged between 97.9-102.7%, is the highest among all previously reported methods that used HPLC with UV detection. The developed and validated method for PRN analysis is excellent and applicable to a clinical study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/blood*; Oxprenolol/blood; Propranolol/blood*
  19. Population pharmacokinetic modelling of repaglinide in healthy volunteers by using Non-Parametric Adaptive Grid Algorithm
    Ruzilawati AB, Mohd Suhaimi AW, Gan SH
    J Clin Pharm Ther, 2010 Feb;35(1):105-12.
    PMID: 20175819 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01042.x
    To estimate population pharmacokinetic parameters of repaglinide in 121 healthy Malaysian volunteers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carbamates/blood; Hypoglycemic Agents/blood; Piperidines/blood
  20. Pregnancy outcome in hyperemesis gravidarum and the effect of laboratory clinical indicators of hyperemesis severity
    Tan PC, Jacob R, Quek KF, Omar SZ
    J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2007 Aug;33(4):457-64.
    PMID: 17688612
    To determine pregnancy outcome in hyperemesis gravidarum and the effect of metabolic, biochemical, hematological and clinical indicators of disease severity on outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: gamma-Glutamyltransferase/blood; Hyperemesis Gravidarum/blood; Hypokalemia/blood
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