Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 597 in total

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  1. Fulltext Systems perspectives in agricultural education, research and development: A vision for sustaining food security in Asia
    C. Devendra
    ASM Science Journal, 2013;7(2):152-165.
    MyJurnal
    Systems perspectives are fundamental in driving technological improvements and yield-enhancing strategies that improve agricultural productivity. These can resolve farmerʼs problems and are important pathways for sustaining food and nutritional security for human welfare in Asia. The essential determinants of this objective are the capacity to efficiently manage the natural resource base (land, crops, animals, and water) to resolve constraints to farming systems, and notably the integration of multiple research and development (R&D) issues through all levels of formal and non-formal learning systems. Both formal and informal education systems are important, with the former relating more to universities and colleges, and the latter to the intermediate level. Graduates from this level have the primary responsibility of introducing improved technologies and change to farmers, mainly along production and disciplinary pathways.The traditional research–extension–farmer model for technology delivery is no longer acceptable, due to “top down” extension functions and prescriptions, ineffectiveness to cope with the dynamics of production systems, complex interactions within the natural resources, effects of climate change and globalisation. There are also reservations on the technical capacity and skills of extension agents, constraints identification, methods for technology diffusion and dissemination, and innovative use of beneficial technological improvements that can directly respond to the needs of small farmers, and impact on subsistence agriculture. Agricultural education and systems perspectives are therefore an overriding compelling necessity which transcends prevailing limitations to waning agriculture and rural growth. Their wider recognition and applications provides an important means to maximise efficiency in the potential use; of the natural resources, increase engagement and investments in agriculture, promote ways to become more self-reliant in the development of crucial new technologies and intensification. These together can meet the challenges of the future and overcome the legacy of continuing poverty, food and nutritional insecurity. Asian farming systems, with their diversity of crops and animals, traditional methods, multiple crop-animal interactions, numerous problems of farmers present increasingly complex issues of natural resource management (NRM) and the environment. Many if not all of these can only be resolved by interdisciplinary R&D, which overcomes a major weakness of many R&D programmes presently and in the past. Improved education and training is a powerful and important driver of community-based participation aimed at enhancing sustainable food security, poverty reduction and social equity in which the empowerment of women in activities that support organising themselves is also an important pathway to enhance self-reliance and their contribution to agriculture. A vision for the future in which improved agricultural education in a systems context can provide the pathway to directly benefit the revitalisation of agriculture and agricultural development is proposed with a three-pronged strategy as follows:
    Define policy for the development of appropriate curricular for formal agricultural education that provides strong multi-disciplinary orientation and improved understanding of the natural resources (land, crops, animals and water) and their interactions
    Organise formal degree education and specialisation at the university level that reflects strong training in understanding of agricultural systems; systems perspectives, methodologies and their application, and
    Define non-formal education and training needs that can be intensified at different levels, including the trainin of trainers as agents of change.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agriculture
  2. Fulltext Seed morphology variation of rice landraces from Tuaran and Kota Belud districts of Sabah, Malaysia
    CHEE, F. T., SIAMBUN, M. M., MARIAM A. L.
    Buletin Persatuan Genetik Malaysia, 2011;18(1):10-16.
    MyJurnal
    There is a need to set up a germplasm resource centre or gene bank in Sabah to keep the collections of varieties of locally cultivated crops, especially rice. This is necessary to prevent genetic loss caused by the infrastructure development in the state of Sabah especially when Sabah is known for her rich genetic resources for food and agriculture. This gene bank will play an important role in the conservation of genetic resources especially for future rice crop improvement and development. These collections are known to carry useful gene(s) for crop improvement such as aroma, taste, resistance to insect pests and diseases, and tolerance to abiotic stress. Decades ago, a set of local landrace rice collection were made and conserved at International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and Malaysia Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI). Besides IRRI and MARDI, local farmers also play an important role as conservationist. Therefore, this study has been carried out to re ne the status of the current genetic diversity in local rice farming. From January 2009 to February 2010, 108 samples were collected from Tuaran and Kota Belud districts. Preliminary observation of 19 samples found that
    there is a high genetic diversity based on seed morphology alone. Variations in the characteristics were detected in awn, apiculus, lemma and palea, sterile lemma and seed coat. Length and width of seeds were measured and calculated for ratio to estimate the shapes of the seeds. The weight of 100 grains ranged from 1.42 to 3.19 g. However, further studies on morphology evaluation, disease screening, and molecular evaluation are needed to be compared with the existing data. In addition, genetic erosion, migration, and drift also need to be studied due to high seed exchanges among the local farmers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agriculture
  3. Sustainable palm oil may not be so sustainable
    Cazzolla Gatti R, Liang J, Velichevskaya A, Zhou M
    Sci Total Environ, 2019 Feb 20;652:48-51.
    PMID: 30359800 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.222
    The globalization of the palm oil trade poses a menace to the ecosystem integrity of Southeast Asia. In this short communication, we briefly discuss why palm oil certifications may have failed as an effective means to halt forest degradation and biodiversity loss. From a comparison of multiple new datasets, we analysed recent tree loss in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Papua New Guinea, and discovered that, from 2001 to 2016, about 40% of the area located in certified concessions suffered from habitat degradation, deforestation, fires, or other tree damages. Certified concessions have been subject to more tree removals than non-certified ones. We also detect significant tree loss before and after the start of certification schemes. Beyond non-governmental organisations' concern that Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) and Palm Oil Innovation Group (POIG) certifications allow ongoing clearance of any forest not identified as of high conservation values (HCV) or high carbon stock (HCS), we suggest an alarming and previously overlooked situation, such as that current "sustainable palm oil" is often associated with recent habitat degradation and forest loss. In other words, certified palm oil production may not be so sustainable.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agriculture/methods*; Agriculture/statistics & numerical data
  4. Fulltext Bat Assemblage in an Oil Palm Plantation from the Colombian Llanos Foothills
    Cely-Gómez MA, Castillo-Figueroa D, Pérez-Torres J
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2021 Mar;32(1):47-61.
    PMID: 33936550 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2021.32.1.3
    The surge of oil palm production in the Neotropics has become a major concern about the potential impacts on biodiversity. In the Colombian Orinoquia, which has shown a massive landscape transformation due to the growth of oil palm plantations, the effects of oil palm agriculture on bats in this region have not been studied up to date. To understand the impact of habitat conversion on bat diversity, we characterised bat assemblages in secondary forest and palm plantations in the Colombian Llanos foothills (Meta, Colombia). We captured 393 individuals (forest = 81, plantation = 312) of 18 species and 3 families. The forest cover presented three exclusive species while the plantation had five. Species diversity (q1) and evenness (J') were higher in the forest compared to the plantation. These differences derived from the increase in abundances of generalist species (Artibeus sp., Carollia spp.) in the plantation. Despite the habitat simplification caused by oil palm plantations, this monoculture provides a cover that is used by some bats, decreasing their risk of predation and allowing movement between patches of forest habitat as steppingstones. Maintaining forest cover in agricultural landscapes favours diversity by generating a "spillover effect" of the forest towards plantations, which in the case of some bats contributes to the reduction of species isolation and the maintenance of ecosystem services provided by them. It is important to improve management practices of oil palm plantations to minimise negative impacts on biodiversity, considering the expansion of this productive system and the scarcity of protected areas in this region.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agriculture
  5. Compost feedstock characteristics and ratio modelling for organic waste materials co-composting in Malaysia
    Chai EW, H'ng PS, Peng SH, Wan-Azha WM, Chin KL, Chow MJ, et al.
    Environ Technol, 2013 Sep-Oct;34(17-20):2859-66.
    PMID: 24527651
    In Malaysia, large amounts of organic materials, which lead to disposal problems, are generated from agricultural residues especially from palm oil industries. Increasing landfill costs and regulations, which limit many types of waste accepted at landfills, have increased the interest in composting as a component of waste management. The objectives of this study were to characterize compost feedstock properties of common organic waste materials available in Malaysia. Thus, a ratio modelling of matching ingredients for empty fruit bunches (EFBs) co-composting using different organic materials in Malaysia was done. Organic waste materials with a C/N ratio of < 30 can be applied as a nitrogen source in EFB co-composting. The outcome of this study suggested that the percentage of EFB ranged between 50% and 60%, which is considered as the ideal mixing ratio in EFB co-composting. Conclusively, EFB can be utilized in composting if appropriate feedstock in term of physical and chemical characteristics is coordinated in the co-composting process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agriculture/methods
  6. Occurrence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. contamination on vegetable farms in Malaysia
    Chai LC, Ghazali FM, Bakar FA, Lee HY, Suhaimi LR, Talib SA, et al.
    J Microbiol Biotechnol, 2009 Nov;19(11):1415-20.
    PMID: 19996696
    The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. (Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli) in soil, poultry manure, irrigation water, and freshly harvested vegetables from vegetable farms in Malaysia. C. jejuni was detected in 30.4% and 2.7% of the soil samples, 57.1% and 0% of the manure samples, and 18.8% and 3% of the vegetable samples from farm A and farm B, respectively, when using the MPNPCR method. Campylobacter spp. was not found in any of the irrigation water samples tested. Therefore, the present results indicate that the aged manure used by farm A was more contaminated than the composted manure used by farm B. Mostly, the leafy and root vegetables were contaminated. C. coli was not detected in any of the samples tested in the current study. Both farms tested in this study were found to be contaminated by campylobacters, thereby posing a potential risk for raw vegetable consumption in Malaysia. The present results also provide baseline data on Campylobacter contamination at the farm level.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agriculture*
  7. Fulltext Biosafety of Campylobacter jejuni from raw vegetables consumed as ulam with reference to their resistance to antibiotics
    Chai, L.C., Fatimah, A.B., Ghazali, F.M., Lee, H.Y., Tunung, R., Shamsinar, A.T., et al.
    International Food Research Journal, 2008;15(2):125-134.
    MyJurnal
    Antibiotic resistance in campylobacter is an emerging global public health problem after MRSA and VRE. Fluoroquinolone and macrolide resistance have been found to be more common in this world leading foodborne pathogen. A total of fifty-six isolates of Campylobacter jejuni obtained from raw vegetables
    which are consumed as ulam (salad) in Malaysia, were tested with 12 antibiotics used clinically and
    agriculturally. The resistance was determined using the disk diffusion method. Results were determined
    by hierarchic numerical methods to cluster strains and antibiotics according to similarity profiles. Fifty
    five C. jejuni isolates from different isolation sites were all clustered together into ten groups. This indicates that the commodities (raw salad vegetables/ulam) where the isolates originated might share a similar source of cross-contamination along the production route. All antibiotics tested correlated and there were four groupings reflecting their mode of actions. Generally, C. jejuni isolates were found to be highly resistant to erythromycin (91.1%) and tetracycline (85.7%). Both agents are popular antibiotics used clinically to treat bacterial infections. On the other hand, the C. jejuni isolates showed high percentage (80.4%) of resistance towards enrofloxacin, an extensively used antimicrobial agent in agriculture practices. This study showed that C. jejuni isolates were highly multi-resistance to as many as 10 antibiotics. Therefore, in terms of biosafety, the presence of antibiotic resistance strains in the food chain has raised concerns that the treatment of human infections will be compromised.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agriculture
  8. Assessing the effect of climate change and financial development on agricultural production in ASEAN-4: the role of renewable energy, institutional quality, and human capital as moderators
    Chandio AA, Shah MI, Sethi N, Mushtaq Z
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2022 Feb;29(9):13211-13225.
    PMID: 34585355 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16670-9
    This paper examines the effect of climate change and financial development on agricultural production in ASEAN-4, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand from 1990 to 2016. Further, we explore the role of renewable energy, institutional quality, and human capital on agricultural production. Since the shocks in one country affect another country, we use second-generation modeling techniques to find out the relationship among the variables. The Westerlund (2007) cointegration tests confirm long-run relationship among the variables. The results from cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) model reveal that climate change negatively affects agricultural production; on the other hand, renewable energy, human capital, and institutional quality affect positively agricultural production. Moreover, renewable energy utilization, human capital, and intuitional quality moderates the effect of carbon emission on agricultural production. In addition, a U-shaped relationship exists between financial development and agricultural production, suggesting that financial development improves agricultural production only after reaching a certain threshold. Hence, this study suggests that ASEAN-4 countries must adopt flexible financial and agricultural policies so that farmers would be benefitted and agricultural production can be increased.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agriculture
  9. Fulltext The draft genomes of five agriculturally important African orphan crops
    Chang Y, Liu H, Liu M, Liao X, Sahu SK, Fu Y, et al.
    Gigascience, 2019 03 01;8(3).
    PMID: 30535374 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giy152
    BACKGROUND: The expanding world population is expected to double the worldwide demand for food by 2050. Eighty-eight percent of countries currently face a serious burden of malnutrition, especially in Africa and south and southeast Asia. About 95% of the food energy needs of humans are fulfilled by just 30 species, of which wheat, maize, and rice provide the majority of calories. Therefore, to diversify and stabilize the global food supply, enhance agricultural productivity, and tackle malnutrition, greater use of neglected or underutilized local plants (so-called orphan crops, but also including a few plants of special significance to agriculture, agroforestry, and nutrition) could be a partial solution.

    RESULTS: Here, we present draft genome information for five agriculturally, biologically, medicinally, and economically important underutilized plants native to Africa: Vigna subterranea, Lablab purpureus, Faidherbia albida, Sclerocarya birrea, and Moringa oleifera. Assembled genomes range in size from 217 to 654 Mb. In V. subterranea, L. purpureus, F. albida, S. birrea, and M. oleifera, we have predicted 31,707, 20,946, 28,979, 18,937, and 18,451 protein-coding genes, respectively. By further analyzing the expansion and contraction of selected gene families, we have characterized root nodule symbiosis genes, transcription factors, and starch biosynthesis-related genes in these genomes.

    CONCLUSIONS: These genome data will be useful to identify and characterize agronomically important genes and understand their modes of action, enabling genomics-based, evolutionary studies, and breeding strategies to design faster, more focused, and predictable crop improvement programs.

    Matched MeSH terms: Agriculture*; Crops, Agricultural/genetics*
  10. Fulltext The effects of salinity on the filtration rates of juvenile tropical oyster Cassostrea iredalei
    Chang, Geraldine Olive Ju Lien, Lai, Ven Inn, Tan, Aileen Shau Hwai, Zulfigar Yasin
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2016;27(11):45-51.
    MyJurnal
    A small scale laboratory study was conducted to determine the effects of
    salinity ranging from 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 ppt on the filtration rates of juvenile
    oyster Crassostrea iredalei with 25 ppt as the control. Three juvenile oysters (shell weight:
    1.04 ± 0.12 g; shell length: 1.9 ± 0.2 cm; shell height: 1.9 ± 0.1 cm) were used to test the
    filtration rates in each salinity over the course of 8 hours. The hourly filtration rates were
    determined from the exponential decrease in algal (Chaetoceros calcitrans) concentration
    as a function of time. The oyster in 35 ppt salinity produced the highest overall filtration
    rate (FR2) with 134.06 ± 15.66 mL–1 hr–1 oyster–1 and the lowest overall filtration rate (FR2)
    occurred in oyster exposed to 15 ppt and 45 ppt with 31.30 ± 6.90 mL–1 hr–1 oyster–1 and
    32.11 ± 7.68 mL–1 hr–1 oyster–1
    respectively throughout the 8 hours. The result from this
    study can be useful for optimum oyster culturing and the oysters can be employed as a
    natural biofilter in marine polyculture farming.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agriculture
  11. Fulltext Production decision support system for batch processes
    Chee, L.P., Wan Alwi, S.R., Lim, J.S.
    Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 2016;5(1):7-21.
    MyJurnal
    Aggregate planning acts as a blueprint for all operational planning activities. Despite
    the substantial amount of research that has been done in determining methods to
    improve aggregate planning approaches, the industry is still at a loss when it comes
    to working on the tactical planning aspect, especially in aggregate production.
    Therefore, this research work aims to present a comprehensive and generalised
    framework that will formulate a realistic batch production environment using an
    interactive Production Decision Support System. This system consists of an aggregate
    planning framework that combines a simulation model and a Pinch Analysis graphical
    approach to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the decision-making process.
    The target is to allow operational opportunities to be captured at first sight and thus,
    maximise organisational profit. The simplicity and practicality of this new Production
    Decision Support System is demonstrated through two illustrative examples where a
    total of four heuristics were identified and turned into the new strategies to avoid the
    stock-out scenarios.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agriculture
  12. Ecological changes and health in the Muda Irrigation Scheme
    Chen PC
    Med J Malaysia, 1979 Jun;33(4):294-8.
    PMID: 522739
    Matched MeSH terms: Agriculture
  13. Fulltext Determination of the presence and levels of heavy metals and other elements in raw and commercial edible bird nests
    Chen, J.X.J., Lim, P.K.C., Wong, S.F., Mak, J.W.
    Malays J Nutr, 2014;20(3):377-391.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Heavy metals and other contaminants in food have been a concern to food industries, consumers and governing authorities. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of heavy metals and other elements in edible bird nests (EBNs). Methods: Raw and processed (commercial) EBNs were used in the study. Raw EBNs were collected directly from five house farms in Peninsular Malaysia - Kuala Sanglang (Kedah), Pantai Remis (Perak), Kluang Gohor), Kota Bharu (Kelantan) and Kajang (Selangor). Processed EBNs were pmchased from five Chinese traditional medicinal shops located in Peninsular Malaysia. The levels of 32 elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and findings of the study were compared to the maximum regulatory limits set by the Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM) for EBNs. Results: Of the seven elements with maximum regulatory limits (As, Cd, Pb, Hg, Sn, Cu, Fe), one raw EBN was detected with mercury level of 70.180 ppb which was above the SIRIM permissible limit of 50 ppb. All the EBNs had iron levels above the SIRIM permissible limit of 30 ppb. The levels of the other 25 elements with no maximum regulatory limits (Ca, Mg, Na, K, P, Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Se, Zn, Ag, Ba, Be, Bi, B, Li, Ni, Sb, Sr, Ti, U, V, Al, Zr) were also determined. Conclusion: The data obtained for the 25 elements with no permissible limits can serve as baseline data for further studies to establish their maximum regulatory limits.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agriculture
  14. Diversifying crops for food and nutrition security - a case of teff
    Cheng A, Mayes S, Dalle G, Demissew S, Massawe F
    Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc, 2017 Feb;92(1):188-198.
    PMID: 26456883 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12225
    There are more than 50000 known edible plants in the world, yet two-thirds of global plant-derived food is provided by only three major cereals - maize (Zea mays), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rice (Oryza sativa). The dominance of this triad, now considered truly global food commodities, has led to a decline in the number of crop species contributing to global food supplies. Our dependence on only a few crop species limits our capability to deal with challenges posed by the adverse effects of climate change and the consequences of dietary imbalance. Emerging evidence suggests that climate change will cause shifts in crop production and yield loss due to more unpredictable and hostile weather patterns. One solution to this problem is through the wider use of underutilised (also called orphan or minor) crops to diversify agricultural systems and food sources. In addition to being highly nutritious, underutilised crops are resilient in natural and agricultural conditions, making them a suitable surrogate to the major crops. One such crop is teff [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter], a warm-season annual cereal with the tiniest grain in the world. Native to Ethiopia and often the sustenance for local small farmers, teff thrives in both moisture-stressed and waterlogged soil conditions, making it a dependable staple within and beyond its current centre of origin. Today, teff is deemed a healthy wheat alternative in the West and is sought-after by health aficionados and those with coeliac disease or gluten sensitivity. The blooming market for healthy food is breathing new life into this underutilised crop, which has received relatively limited attention from mainstream research perhaps due to its 'orphan crop' status. This review presents the past, present and future of an ancient grain with a potential beyond its size.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agriculture/standards*; Agriculture/trends
  15. Review: Shaping a sustainable food future by rediscovering long-forgotten ancient grains
    Cheng A
    Plant Sci, 2018 Apr;269:136-142.
    PMID: 29606211 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.01.018
    Genetic erosion of crops has been determined way back in the 1940s and accelerated some twenty years later by the inception of the Green Revolution. Claims that the revolution was a complete triumph remain specious, especially since the massive production boost in the global big three grain crops; wheat, maize, and rice that happened back then is unlikely to recur under current climate irregularities. Presently, one of the leading strategies for sustainable agriculture is by unlocking the genetic potential of underutilized crops. The primary focus has been on a suite of ancient cereals and pseudo-cereals which are riding on the gluten-free trend, including, among others, grain amaranth, buckwheat, quinoa, teff, and millets. Each of these crops has demonstrated tolerance to various stress factors such as drought and heat. Apart from being the centuries-old staple in their native homes, these crops have also been traditionally used as forage for livestock. This review summarizes what lies in the past and present for these underutilized cereals, particularly concerning their potential role and significance in a rapidly changing world, and provides compelling insights into how they could one day be on par with the current big three in feeding a booming population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agriculture/methods*
  16. Studies of the occupational exposure of Malaysian plantation workers to paraquat
    Chester G, Woollen BH
    Br J Ind Med, 1982 Feb;39(1):23-33.
    PMID: 7066217
    Studies carried out on the occupational exposure to paraquat of plantation workers in Malaysia comprised quantitative estimates of dermal and respiratory exposure of knapsack spray operators, carriers, and rubber tappers operating under their normal working conditions. Spray operators have been shown to be dermally exposed to paraquat by walking through recently sprayed vegetation and into their own spray, regular adjustment and unblocking of spray nozzles and leakage, and overfilling of knapsack spray tanks. Carriers also received measurable dermal exposure from walking through recently sprayed vegetation and accidental spillage when carrying and loading. The infrequent and negligible dermal exposure of tappers resulted from walking through recently sprayed vegetation. Determinations of the total airborne paraquat concentrations in the breathing zone show that spray operators and carriers are exposed to an order of 1% or less of the current TLV for respirable paraquat. No paraquat was detected in the breathing zones of tappers working in simultaneously sprayed blocks. The calculated ranges of dermal and respiratory exposures, when compared with published data on both the exposure to, and the toxicity of, paraquat, indicate that there should be no toxicological risk to any of the three groups studied as a result of using paraquat.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agriculture*
  17. Fulltext Cercarial dermatitis in Kelantan, Malaysia an occupation related health problem
    Chiew, Eng Wooi, Lim, Susan Lee Hong, Ambu, Stephen
    International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2007;1(2):69-73.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Kelantan, an east coast state of Peninsular Malaysia is rich in culture and supports a population that is dependent on agriculture. The crops cultivated are mainly paddy and rubber but in recent years tobacco is beginning to gain importance over paddy. We centered our study around Bachok District which is about 25 kilometers east of Kota Bharu, the state capital.
    Methods: Based on case reports we focused our study on cercarial dermatitis and also recorded the socioeconomic status of the people in the four study villages.
    Result: The ducks and cows were the common livestock kept by the farmers and these were found to be significantly associated (P=0.05) with the occurrence of dermatitis. Cercariae shedding by snails were found in waters used for irrigation.
    Conclusion: The results indicate that cercarial dermatitis is occupation specific, and its debilitating effect was having an influence on the socioeconomic status and general wellbeing of the population in these villages. The dermatitis occurred only during the field preparation and transplanting stages of paddy and was found to be significantly associated (P=
    Matched MeSH terms: Agriculture
  18. Extraction and application of keratin from natural resources: a review
    Chilakamarry CR, Mahmood S, Saffe SNBM, Arifin MAB, Gupta A, Sikkandar MY, et al.
    3 Biotech, 2021 May;11(5):220.
    PMID: 33968565 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02734-7
    Over recent years, keratin has gained great popularity due to its exceptional biocompatible and biodegradable nature. It has shown promising results in various industries like poultry, textile, agriculture, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical. Keratin is a multipurpose biopolymer that has been used in the production of fibrous composites, and with necessary modifications, it can be developed into gels, films, nanoparticles, and microparticles. Its stability against enzymatic degradation and unique biocompatibility has found their way into biomedical applications and regenerative medicine. This review discusses the structure of keratin, its classification and its properties. It also covers various methods by which keratin is extracted like chemical hydrolysis, enzymatic and microbial treatment, dissolution in ionic liquids, microwave irradiation, steam explosion technique, and thermal hydrolysis or superheated process. Special emphasis is placed on its utilisation in the form of hydrogels, films, fibres, sponges, and scaffolds in various biotechnological and industrial sectors. The present review can be noteworthy for the researchers working on natural protein and related usage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agriculture
  19. Advances in solid-state fermentation for bioconversion of agricultural wastes to value-added products: Opportunities and challenges
    Chilakamarry CR, Mimi Sakinah AM, Zularisam AW, Sirohi R, Khilji IA, Ahmad N, et al.
    Bioresour Technol, 2022 Jan;343:126065.
    PMID: 34624472 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126065
    The increase in solid waste has become a common problem and causes environmental pollution worldwide. A green approach to valorise solid waste for sustainable development is required. Agricultural residues are considered suitable for conversion into profitable products through solid-state fermentation (SSF). Agricultural wastes have high organic content that is used as potential substrates to produce value-added products through SSF. The importance of process variables used in solid-phase fermentation is described. The applications of SSF developed products in the food industry as flavouring agents, acidifiers, preservatives and flavour enhancers. SSF produces secondary metabolites and essential enzymes. Wastes from agricultural residues are used as bioremediation agents, biofuels and biocontrol agents through microbial processing. In this review paper, the value addition of agricultural wastes by SSF through green processing is discussed with the current knowledge on the scenarios, sustainability opportunities and future directions of a circular economy for solid waste utilisation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agriculture
  20. Fractionally integrated time-varying volatility under structural break: evidence from Kuala Lumpur composite index
    Chin WC, Zaidi Isa, Abu Hassan Shaari Mohd. Nor
    Sains Malaysiana, 2008;37:233-237.
    This article study the influences of structural break to the fractionally integrated time-varying volatility model in Malaysian stock markets from year 1996 to 2006. A fractionally integrated autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (FIGARCH) model combines with sudden changes of volatility is develops to study the possibility of structural change in Asian financial crisis and currency crisis. Our empirical results evidence substantially reduction in long memory clustering volatility after the inclusion of sudden changes in the volatility. Finally, the estimation, diagnostic and model selection evaluations indicate that the fractionally integrated model with structural change is out-performed compared to the standard model.
    Matched MeSH terms: Agriculture
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