Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 976 in total

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  1. Fulltext Antioxidative and anticholinesterase activity of Cyphomandra betacea fruit
    Ali Hassan SH, Abu Bakar MF
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2013;2013:278071.
    PMID: 24298210 DOI: 10.1155/2013/278071
    Cyphomandra betacea is one of the underutilized fruits which can be found in tropical and subtropical countries. This study was conducted to determine the antioxidant activity and phytochemical contents in different parts (i.e., flesh and peel) of the fruits. Antioxidants were analyzed using DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assays as well as FRAP assay. Anticholinesterase activity was determined using enzymatic assay using acetyl cholinesterase enzyme. For 80% methanol extract, the peel of the fruit displayed higher antioxidant activity in both FRAP and ABTS free radical scavenging assays while the flesh displayed higher antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay. Total phenolic and total flavonoid content were higher in the peel with the values of 4.89 ± 0.04 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 3.36 ± 0.01 mg rutin equivalent (RU)/g, respectively. Total anthocyanin and carotenoid content were higher in the flesh of the fruit with the values of 4.15 ± 0.04 mg/100 g and 25.13 ± 0.35 mg/100 g. The anticholinesterase was also higher in the peel of C. betacea. The same trends of phytochemicals, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase were also observed in the distilled water extracts. These findings suggested that C. betacea has a potential as natural antioxidant-rich nutraceutical products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit/chemistry*
  2. Fulltext Antioxidative properties of defatted dabai pulp and peel prepared by solid phase extraction
    Khoo HE, Azlan A, Ismail A, Abas F
    Molecules, 2012 Aug 14;17(8):9754-73.
    PMID: 22893021 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17089754
    Solid phase extraction (SPE) using Sep-Pak® cartridges is one of the techniques used for fractionation of antioxidant compounds in waste of dabai oil extraction (defatted dabai parts). The aim of this study was to determine the phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity in crude extracts and several SPE fractions from methanolic extract of defatted dabai pulp and peel. Based on SPE, Sep-Pak® cyanopropyl and C₁₈ cartridges were used to fractionate the antioxidant-rich crude extracts into water and methanolic fractions. Analyzed using LC-MS, flavonoids, anthocyanins, saponin derivatives and other unknown antioxidative compounds were detected in the defatted dabai crude extracts and their SPE fractions. Anthocyanins were the major phenolic compounds identified in the defatted dabai peel and detected in most of the SPE fractions. Methanolic fractions of defatted dabai parts embraced higher total phenolics and antioxidant capacity than water fractions. This finding also revealed the crude extracts of defatted dabai peel have the most significant antioxidant properties compared to the methanolic and water fractions studied. The crude extract of defatted dabai parts remain as the most potent antioxidant as it contains mixture of flavonoids, anthocyanins and other potential antioxidants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit/chemistry*
  3. Antiproliferative activity of ionic liquid-graviola fruit extract against human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines using flow cytometry techniques
    Daddiouaissa D, Amid A, Kabbashi NA, Fuad FAA, Elnour AM, Epandy MAKMS
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2019 May 23;236:466-473.
    PMID: 30853648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.003
    ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Medicinal plants have been used for ages by indigenous communities around the world to help humankind sustain its health. Graviola (Annona muricata), also called soursop, is a member of the Annonaceae family and is an evergreen plant that is generally distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Graviola tree has a long history of traditional use due to its therapeutic potential including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, insecticide and cytotoxic to tumor cells.

    AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to investigate the in vitro antiproliferative effects and apoptotic events of the ionic liquid extract of Graviola fruit (IL-GFE) on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and their cytokinetics behaviour to observe their potential as a therapeutic alternative in cancer treatment.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cell viability assay of the extract was measured using tetrazolium bromide (MTT assay) to observe the effects of Graviola fruit extract. Then the cytokinetics behaviour of MCF-7 cells treated with IL-GFE is observed by plotting the growth curve of the cells. Additionally, the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis mechanism of IL-GFE action on MCF-7 cancer cells were observed by flow cytometry.

    RESULTS: IL-GFE exhibited anti-proliferative activity on MCF-7 with the IC50 value of 4.75 μg/mL, compared to Taxol with an IC50 value of 0.99 μg/mL. IL- GFE also reduced the number of cell generations from 3.71 to 1.67 generations compared to 2.18 generations when treated with Taxol. Furthermore, the anti-proliferative activities were verified when the growth rate was decreased dynamically from 0.0077 h to 1 to 0.0035 h-1. Observation of the IL-GFE-treated MCF-7 under microscope demonstrated detachment of cells and loss of density. The growth inhibition of the cells by extracts was associated with cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and phosphatidylserine externalisation confirms the anti-proliferation through apoptosis.

    CONCLUSIONS: ionic liquid Graviola fruit extract affect the cytokinetics behaviour of MCF-7 cells by reducing cell viability, induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase.

    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit/chemistry
  4. Fulltext Antipsychotic-like activity of noni (Morinda citrifolia Linn.) in mice
    Pandy V, Narasingam M, Mohamed Z
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2012;12:186.
    PMID: 23082808 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-186
    Noni fruit is widely consumed in tropical regions of Indonesia to the Hawaiian Islands. The noni plant has a long history of use as a medicinal plant to treat a wide variety of ailments including CNS disorders. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the antipsychotic effect of noni fruits (Morinda citrifolia Linn.) using mouse models of apomorphine-induced climbing behaviour and methamphetamine-induced stereotypy (licking, biting, gnawing and sniffing).
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit/chemistry
  5. Anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like activities of a methanolic extract of Morinda citrifolia Linn. (noni) fruit in mice: Involvement of benzodiazepine-GABAAergic, serotonergic and adrenergic systems
    Narasingam M, Vijeepallam K, Mohamed Z, Pandy V
    Biomed Pharmacother, 2017 Dec;96:944-952.
    PMID: 29217165 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.148
    This study presents anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of a methanolic extract of Morinda citrifolia Linn. (noni) fruit (MMC) in well-established mouse models of anxiety and depression. The administration of MMC (1 g/kg, p.o.) and diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly attenuated anxiety-like behaviour in mice by increasing the percentage of time spent and number of entries in the open arms in the elevated plus maze (EPM), and significantly enhanced the exploration in the light box in the light/dark test (LDT). The pre-treatment with flumazenil (6 mg/kg, i.p.) or bicuculline (3 mg/kg, i.p.) or WAY 100635 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) antagonized the anxiolytic-like effect elicited by MMC (1 g/kg, p.o.). These results suggest the possible involvement of benzodiazepine-GABAAergic and serotonergic mechanisms in the anxiolytic-like effect of noni fruit. Meanwhile, in the antidepressant study, the administration of MMC (0.5 and 0.75 g/kg, p.o.) and desipramine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced the duration of immobility in the tail suspension test (TST). Furthermore, pre-treatment of mice with 4-chloro-DL-phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride (PCPA; 100 mg/kg, i.p., an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis) for four consecutive days or a single dose of WAY 100635 (1 mg/kg, i.p., 5HT1A receptor antagonist) or α-methyl-DL-tyrosine (AMPT; 100 mg/kg, i.p., an inhibitor of noradrenaline synthesis) significantly reversed the anti-immobility effect of MMC (0.5 g/kg, p.o.) in TST by indicating the specific involvement of the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems in the antidepressant-like effect of noni fruit. Taken together, these findings suggest that MMC has both anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like activities to be resorted as a valuable alternative therapy for comorbid anxiety and depressive conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit/chemistry
  6. Applicability assessment of empty fruit bunches from palm oil mills for use as bio-solid refuse fuels
    Yoo HM, Park SW, Seo YC, Kim KH
    J Environ Manage, 2019 Mar 15;234:1-7.
    PMID: 30599325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.035
    Palm kernel shells (PKS), empty fruit bunches (EFB), and trunks are by-products of the palm oil industry and form approximately 50 wt % of fresh fruit bunch (FFB). In particular, EFB accounts for approximately 20 wt % of FFB. Although large amounts of EFB are generated from palm oil mills every year in Indonesia and Malaysia, EFB is treated as waste because commercial technologies for thermo-chemical conversion of EFB into renewable energy are still under development. A robust conversion method can transform EFB into an appealing renewable energy source. In order to secure this renewable energy source, Korea can import EFB as biomass. This paper investigates literature on the status of utilization of EFB, by-products from palm oil mills in order to identify the best available technological process to use EFB as bio-solid refuse fuels (SRF). Meanwhile, physico-chemical analyses (proximate, elemental, and calorific value analyses), biomass and heavy metal content were measured in order to assess whether EFB would be suitable for use as a bio-SRF, in accordance with the Korean quality standard for SRF. According to the analysis results, EFB showed applicability to use as bio-SRF; main analysis results - moisture (9.63 wt %), ash (5.94 wt %), biomass content (97.82 wt %) and calorific value (3668 kcal kg).
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit*
  7. Application of bio-nanocomposite films and edible coatings for extending the shelf life of fresh fruits and vegetables
    Jafarzadeh S, Mohammadi Nafchi A, Salehabadi A, Oladzad-Abbasabadi N, Jafari SM
    Adv Colloid Interface Sci, 2021 May;291:102405.
    PMID: 33819726 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102405
    New packaging materials are an emerging field in the food industry. Poor thermal, mechanical, chemical, and physical properties of biopolymers, and also their inherent permeability to gases and vapor have increased this interest. Biopolymeric materials (matrix) require fillers, which can react/interact with available matrix in order to provide new formulations with improved properties. Many studies have shown the potential use of metal nanoparticles in biopolymeric packaging and edible coatings for improving their properties. The current review summarizes the characterization of bio-nanocomposite films and edible coatings incorporated with metal nanoparticles on the shelf life and quality of tropical fruits, berries, climacteric/non-climacteric fruits and vegetables. It also provides a brief description of some advantages of bio-nanocomposite films and edible coatings applied to fruits and vegetables such as decreasing the color changes, respiration rate, weight loss and extended shelf life, delaying ripening and being environmentally friendly. The results of recent reports provide a better understanding of the impact of metal nanoparticles incorporated in biopolymers on the shelf life and the quality of fruits and vegetables.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit
  8. Application of multivariate statistical techniques for differentiation of ripe banana flour based on the composition of elements
    Alkarkhi AF, Ramli SB, Easa AM
    Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2009;60 Suppl 4:116-25.
    PMID: 19115121 DOI: 10.1080/09637480802609368
    Major (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium) and minor elements (iron, copper, zinc, manganese) and one heavy metal (lead) of Cavendish banana flour and Dream banana flour were determined, and data were analyzed using multivariate statistical techniques of factor analysis and discriminant analysis. Factor analysis yielded four factors explaining more than 81% of the total variance: the first factor explained 28.73%, comprising magnesium, sodium, and iron; the second factor explained 21.47%, comprising only manganese and copper; the third factor explained 15.66%, comprising zinc and lead; while the fourth factor explained 15.50%, comprising potassium. Discriminant analysis showed that magnesium and sodium exhibited a strong contribution in discriminating the two types of banana flour, affording 100% correct assignation. This study presents the usefulness of multivariate statistical techniques for analysis and interpretation of complex mineral content data from banana flour of different varieties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit/chemistry*
  9. Fulltext Application of pesticide in pest management: the case of lowland vegetable growers
    Halimatunsadiah, A.B., Norida, M., Omar, D., Kamarulzaman, N.H.
    International Food Research Journal, 2016;23(5):85-94.
    MyJurnal
    This study investigates pest management practices among lowland farmers on growing
    leafy and fruit vegetables, particularly focusing on the pesticide usage in controlling pest. In
    Malaysia, vegetable productions in lowland areas are to some extent really important as in the
    highland areas due to the wide marketing channel, from local till traded across border. Yet, the
    ignorance of vegetables safety regarding the appropriate of pesticide usage by farmers was
    undeniable, as the market demands only products with good extrinsic quality. Thus a survey
    was conducted among of 85 of lowland vegetable farmers to get information on their pest
    management practices in farms. Result showed that the pesticide application by farmers on
    vegetables crops still indicated a calendar spraying practices. In most cases, farmers tend to
    harvest the vegetable products shortly after a few days of last pesticide spraying. In order to
    enhance the food safety control starting from the primary production, extensive monitoring of
    the current pesticide usage by farmers in vegetable productions is vital to provide an updated
    data on the food safety risk regarding to the pesticide residues. Therefore, the thrust of this
    paper was to get a better understanding on the level of safe pesticide usage among vegetables
    farmers especially in areas of growing vegetables productions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit
  10. Fulltext Application of ultrasonication at different microbial growth stages during apple juice fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum: Investigation on the metabolic response
    Wang H, Tao Y, Li Y, Wu S, Li D, Liu X, et al.
    Ultrason Sonochem, 2021 May;73:105486.
    PMID: 33639530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105486
    In this work, low-intensity ultrasonication (58.3 and 93.6 W/L) was performed at lag, logarithmic and stationary growth phases of Lactobacillus plantarum in apple juice fermentation, separately. Microbial responses to sonication, including microbial growth, profiles of organic acids profile, amino acids, phenolics, and antioxidant capacity, were examined. The results revealed that obvious responses were made by Lactobacillus plantarum to ultrasonication at lag and logarithmic phases, whereas sonication at stationary phase had a negligible impact. Sonication at lag and logarithmic phases promoted microbial growth and intensified biotransformation of malic acid to lactic acid. For example, after sonication at lag phase for 0.5 h, microbial count and lactic acid content in the ultrasound-treated samples at 58.3 W/L reached 7.91 ± 0.01 Log CFU/mL and 133.70 ± 7.39 mg/L, which were significantly higher than that in the non-sonicated samples. However, the ultrasonic effect on microbial growth and metabolism of organic acids attenuated with fermentation. Moreover, ultrasonication at lag and logarithmic phases had complex influences on the metabolism of apple phenolics such as chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, procyanidin B2, catechin and gallic acid. Ultrasound could positively affect the hydrolysis of chlorogenic acid to caffeic acid, the transformation of procyanidin B2 and decarboxylation of gallic acid. The metabolism of organic acids and free amino acids in the sonicated samples was statistically correlated with phenolic metabolism, implying that ultrasound may benefit phenolic derivation by improving the microbial metabolism of organic acids and amino acids.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit and Vegetable Juices/microbiology*
  11. Fulltext Applications of composite flour in development of food products
    Noorfarahzilah, M., Lee, J. S., Sharifudin, M. S., Mohd Fadzelly, A.B., Hasmadi, M.
    International Food Research Journal, 2014;21(6):2061-2074.
    MyJurnal
    The development of food products using composite flour has increased and is attracting much attention from researchers, especially in the production of bakery products and pastries. This article focuses on the use of composite flour to produce food products, namely bread, biscuits, and pasta, with looks at on its impact, following some improvements made, on the sensory quality, rheology characteristics, and nutritional values as well as its overall acceptance. The blending of wheat flour with various sources of tubers, legumes, cereals and fruit flour in different percentages to produce variety of food products are also reported in this review. It was found that composite flour used to produce food products is still able to maintain similar characteristics to products made from full-wheat flour. The positive effects of the use of composite flour can be seen in the final product related to the functional and physicochemical properties and health benefits of raw blended flour along with percentage blending. Overall, composite flour is a good new approach to utilizing uncommon food products as the application of composite flour produced products with different characteristics and quality, depending on the types and percentage of wheat flour used in the formulation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit
  12. Applications of solid-phase microextraction for the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables: a review
    Abdulra'uf LB, Chai MK, Tan GH
    J AOAC Int, 2012 11 28;95(5):1272-90.
    PMID: 23175958
    This paper reviews the application of various modes of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. SPME is a simple extraction technique that eliminates the use of solvent, and it is applied for the analysis of both volatile and nonvolatile pesticides. SPME has been successfully coupled to both GC and LC. The coupling with GC has been straightforward and requires little modification of existing equipment, but interfacing with LC has proved challenging. The external standard calibration technique is widely used for quantification, while standard addition and internal or surrogate standards are mainly used to account for matrix effects. All parameters that affect the extraction of pesticide residues from fruits and vegetables, and therefore need to be optimized, are also reviewed. Details of the characteristics of analytical procedures and new trends in fiber production using sol-gel technology and molecularly imprinted polymers are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit/chemistry*
  13. Aras Hormon Testosteron dan Progesteron dalam Kelawar Cynopterus brachyotis di Kampus Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Concentration of Testosterone and Progesterone Homones in Cynopterus Brachyotis Bats in the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Campus)
    Kong KH, Zubaid A., Alias Bin Kamis
    Sains Malaysiana, 1997;26.
    Cynopterus brachyotis, a fruit, leaf and nectar eating bat is a common frugivorous bat in Southeast Asia. In the present study, changes in the reproductive hormones of these bats were measured. Bats were captured and blood samples were taken monthly for seven months (January to July 1997) in the surrounding areas of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) campus in Bangi. The concentration of the reproductive hormones in the blood, such as testosterone (male) and progesterone (female) were measured using ELISA. The results showed that body weight and concentration of reproductive hormones was correlated with the monthly rainfall. Abundance of food during the rainy season was believed to be the important factor in influencing body weight gain and increase in reproductive hormone synthesis.
    Cynopterus brachyotis merupakan kelawar frugivor pemakan buah-buahan, daun dan nektar yang lazim di Asia Tenggara. Matlamat penyelidikan ini ialah untuk menentukan aras hormon yang dirembeskan oleh gonad kelawar frugivor ini, Kelawar-kelawar ini telah ditangkap dan diambil sampel darah pada setiap bulan selama tujuh bulan (Januari hingga Julai 1997) di sekitar kampus Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) di Bangi. Aras hormon pembiakan, iaitu testosteron pada kelawar jantan dan progesteron pada betina ditentukan dengan menggunakan kaedah ELISA. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa berat badan dan aras hormon pembiakan berkait rapat dengan jumlah taburan hujan bulanan. Kelimpahan sumber makanan pada masa taburan hujan yang tinggi dipercayai merangsang pertambahan berat badan dan sintesis hormon pembiakan pada kelawar ini.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit
  14. As-spun bio-novolac fibre morphological study based on resin’s physico-chemical properties
    Siti Noorul Aina Ab Rahim, Sarani Zakaria, Sharifah Nabihah Syed Jaafar, Chin HC, Rasidi Roslan, Hatika Kaco, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:1659-1665.
    Bio-novolac fibre made from phenol-formaldehyde derived oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) was produced using electrospinning method. The bio-novolac phenol-formaldehyde was prepared via liquefaction and resinification at two different molar ratios of formaldehyde to liquefied EFB (LEFB) (F:LEFB = 0.5:1 and 0.8:1). Electrospinning was applied to the bio-novolac phenol-formaldehyde (BPF) in order to form smooth and thin as-spun fibre. The BPF was electrospun at 15 kV and 15 cm distance between needle and collector at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/h. At lower molecular weight of BPF resin, beads formation was observed. The addition of poly(vinyl) butyral (Mw = 175,000 - 250,000) has improved the fibre formation with lesser beads hence produced more fibre. Polymer solution with higher molecular weight produced better quality fibre.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit
  15. Fulltext Ascorbic acid quantification in Benincasa hispida fruit extracted using different solvents
    Fatariah, Z., Tengku Zulkhairuazha, T.Y., Wan Rosli, W.I.
    International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(1):208-212.
    MyJurnal
    Ascorbic acid or vitamin C is mostly found in natural products such as fruits and vegetables. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed and validated to compare the ascorbic acid content in Benincasa hispida (Bh) fruit extract with three different extraction solvents; i) 3% metaphosphoric acid, ii) 3% citric acid and iii) distilled water. The compound has been detected and quantified by the use of HPLC coupled with UV-Vis detector. The amount of ascorbic acid detected in Bh fruit extract prepared with different extraction solvents; 3% metaphosphoric acid, 3% citric acid and distilled water were 13.18, 7.91 and 9.42 mg/100g respectively. Total run time was 6 min and the retention time was 2.60 min. Calibration curve was linear with the concentration range 1.00 – 16.00 μg/ml. Limits of detection was 0.24 μg/ml, limit of quantification was 0.81 μg/ml and recovery was 93.52%. The result showed ascorbic acid content is higher in Bh fruit extract with 3% metaphosphoric acid, followed by extract with distilled water and 3% citric acid. Thus, Bh is another novel fruit/ vegetable potentially used as food ingredient as it contains a good source of ascorbic acid that can be good for one’s health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit
  16. Ash of palm empty fruit bunch as a natural catalyst for promoting the CO₂ gasification reactivity of biomass char
    Lahijani P, Zainal ZA, Mohamed AR, Mohammadi M
    Bioresour Technol, 2013 Mar;132:351-5.
    PMID: 23195653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.092
    Palm empty fruit bunch ash (EFB-ash) was used as a natural catalyst, rich in potassium to enhance the CO2 gasification reactivity of palm shell char (PS-char). Various EFB-ash loadings (ranging from 0 to 12.5wt.%) were implemented to improve the reactivity of PS-char during CO2 gasification studies using thermogravimetric analysis. The achieved results explored that the highest gasification reactivity was devoted to 10% EFB-ash loaded char. The SEM-EDS and XRD analyses further confirmed the successful loading of EFB-ash on PS-char which contributed to promoting the gasification reactivity of char. Random pore model was applied to determine the kinetic parameters in catalytic gasification of char at various temperatures of 800-900°C. The dependence of char reaction rate on gasification temperature resulted in a straight line in Arrhenius-type plot, from which the activation energy of 158.75kJ/mol was obtained for the catalytic char gasification.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit/chemistry*
  17. Assessing the potential for establishment of western cherry fruit fly using ecological niche modeling
    Kumar S, Neven LG, Yee WL
    J Econ Entomol, 2014 Jun;107(3):1032-44.
    PMID: 25026662
    Sweet cherries, Prunus avium (L.) L., grown in the western United States are exported to many countries around the world. Some of these countries have enforced strict quarantine rules and trade restrictions owing to concerns about the potential establishment and subsequent spread of western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), a major quarantine pest of sweet cherry. We used 1) niche models (CLIMEX and MaxEnt) to map the climatic suitability, 2) North Carolina State University-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Pest Forecasting System to examine chilling requirement, and 3) host distribution and availability to assess the potential for establishment of R. indifferens in areas of western North America where it currently does not exist and eight current or potential fresh sweet cherry markets: Colombia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand, Venezuela, and Vietnam. Results from niche models conformed well to the current distribution of R. indifferens in western North America. MaxEnt and CLIMEX models had high performance and predicted climatic suitability in some of the countries (e.g., Andean range in Colombia and Venezuela, northern and northeastern India, central Taiwan, and parts of Vietnam). However, our results showed no potential for establishment of R. indifferens in Colombia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand, Venezuela, and Vietnam when the optimal chilling requirement to break diapause (minimum temperature < or = 3 degree C for at least 15 wk) was used as the criterion for whether establishment can occur. Furthermore, these countries have no host plant species available for R. indifferens. Our results can be used to make scientifically informed international trade decisions and negotiations by policy makers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit/growth & development
  18. Fulltext Assessment of Toxicity and Beneficiary Effects of Garcinia pedunculata on the Hematological, Biochemical, and Histological Homeostasis in Rats
    Paul S, Ali MY, Rumpa NE, Tanvir EM, Hossen MS, Saha M, et al.
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2017;2017:4686104.
    PMID: 28243309 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4686104
    This study was undertaken to investigate the toxicological profile of a methanolic extract of Garcinia pedunculata fruit in rats by conducting hematological, biochemical, and histopathological examinations. Long Evans rats were divided into four groups, each with 6 animals, and were treated with three oral doses (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) once daily for 21 days. The extract did not cause significant changes in body and relative organ weight, percent water content, or hematological parameters at any administered doses. However, a significant dose-dependent positive effect in serum lipid profile and all atherogenic indices including the cardiac risk ratio, Castelli's risk index-2, and the atherogenic coefficient were observed. Significant increases in the levels of iron and decreases in serum alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities and the levels of serum glucose were noted when the extract was administered at the highest dose (1000 mg/kg). Histopathological examination of the target tissues further confirmed that the extract was safe and had no observed toxicological features. Our study indicates that G. pedunculata fruit is nontoxic, has the potential to be effective against atherosclerosis, and may be used as a hepatoprotectant. The fruit extract is also beneficial to those with iron deficiency and hyperglycemia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit
  19. Fulltext Assessment of palm oil fresh fruit bunches using photogrammetric grading system
    Roseleena, J., Nursuriati, J., Ahmed, J., Low, C.Y.
    International Food Research Journal, 2011;18(3):-.
    MyJurnal
    The agricultural industry scenario in many industrialized countries has adopted an image processing system as a solution to automate the grading process in order to provide accurate, reliable, consistent and quantitative information in addition to the large volumes, which human graders are not able to perform. In Malaysia, the grading of palm oil Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) is still performed manually through visual inspection using the surface color as the main quality attribute. It is the intention here to introduce an automated grading system for palm oil FFB using a computer assisted photogrammetric methodology which correlate the surface color of fruit bunches, not the fruitlets, to their ripeness and eventually sorts the fruit to two predefined fruit categories. The methodology consists of five main phases, i.e. image acquisition, image pre-processing, image segmentation, calculation of color Digital Numbers (DN) (data manipulation) and finally the classification of ripeness. This computerized photogrammetric image processing technique using MATLAB® package which is integrated to a sorting system differs in various aspects from other digital imaging technique or machine vision system adopted for classifying fruit ripeness. A comprehensive discussion will be presented based on the results achieved through actual fruit testing on the prototype grading system. The main concern was to ensure the reliability of the computerized photogrammetric technique achievable and the system’s mechanism working as intended. The fruit classification ability of the system yields above 90% accuracy and taking not more than 25 seconds to classify and sort each fruit.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit
  20. Associated factors of tooth wear among Malaysian 16-year-olds: a case-control study in Kota Bharu, Kelantan
    Saerah NB, Mastura N, bin Ismail AR, Sadiq MA
    Community Dent Health, 2012 Mar;29(1):33-8.
    PMID: 22482247
    To determine the associated factors of tooth wear (TW) among 16-year-old school children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit
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