Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 121 in total

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  1. Yap LF, Lai SL, Patmanathan SN, Gokulan R, Robinson CM, White JB, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2016 Dec 09;6:38758.
    PMID: 27934959 DOI: 10.1038/srep38758
    Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is generalized term that encompasses a diverse group of cancers that includes tumours of the oral cavity (OSCC), oropharynx (OPSCC) and nasopharynx (NPC). Genetic alterations that are common to all HNSCC types are likely to be important for squamous carcinogenesis. In this study, we have investigated the role of the homeodomain-only homeobox gene, HOPX, in the pathogenesis of HNSCC. We show that HOPX mRNA levels are reduced in OSCC and NPC cell lines and tissues and there is a general reduction of HOPX protein expression in these tumours and OPSCCs. HOPX promoter methylation was observed in a subset of HNSCCs and was associated with a worse overall survival in HPV negative tumours. RNAseq analysis of OSCC cells transfected with HOPX revealed a widespread deregulation of the transcription of genes related to epithelial homeostasis and ectopic over-expression of HOPX in OSCC and NPC cells inhibited cell proliferation, plating efficiency and migration, and enhanced sensitivity to UVA-induced apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that HOPX functions as a tumour suppressor in HNSCC and suggest a central role for HOPX in suppressing epithelial carcinogenesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics*; Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
  2. Bilal S, Doss JG, Cella D, Rogers SN
    J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 2015 Mar;43(2):274-80.
    PMID: 25555894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2014.11.024
    Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) associated factors are vital considerations prior to treatment decision-making for head and neck cancer patients. The study aimed to identify potential socio-demographic and clinical prognostic value of HRQoL in head and neck cancer patients in a developing country. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck (FACT-H&N)-V4 in Urdu language was administered among 361 head and neck cancer patients. Data were statistically tested through multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and regression modeling to identify the potentially associated factors. Treatment status, tumor stage and tumor site had the strongest negative impact on patients HRQoL, with a statistically significant decrement in FACT summary scales (effect size >0.15). Moderate associated factors of HRQoL included treatment type, marital status, employment status and age (effect size range 0.06-0.15). Weak associated factors of HRQoL with a small effect size (>0.01-0.06) included tumor size and type, gender, education level and ethnicity. This study reports 12 socio-demographic and clinical variables that have a significant impact on HRQoL of head, and neck cancer patients, and that should be considered during treatment decision-making by multidisciplinary teams and also in future HRQoL studies conducted in other developing countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms
  3. Gan CP, Patel V, Mikelis CM, Zain RB, Molinolo AA, Abraham MT, et al.
    Oncotarget, 2014 Oct 30;5(20):9626-40.
    PMID: 25275299
    Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a propensity to spread to the cervical lymph nodes (LN). The presence of cervical LN metastases severely impacts patient survival, whereby the two-year survival for oral cancer patients with involved LN is ~30% compared to over 80% in patients with non-involved LN. Elucidation of key molecular mechanisms underlying OSCC metastasis may afford an opportunity to target specific genes, to prevent the spread of OSCC and to improve patient survival. In this study, we demonstrated that expression of the heterotrimeric G-protein alpha-12 (Gα12) is highly up-regulated in primary tumors and LN of OSCC patients, as assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). We also found that exogenous expression of the constitutively activated-form of Gα12 promoted cell migration and invasion in OSCC cell lines. Correspondingly, inhibition of Gα12 expression by shRNA consistently inhibited OSCC cell migration and invasion in vitro. Further, the inhibition of G12 signaling by regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) inhibited Gα12-mediated RhoA activation, which in turn resulted in reduced LN metastases in a tongue-orthotopic xenograft mouse model of oral cancer. This study provides a rationale for future development and evaluation of drug candidates targeting Gα12-related pathways for metastasis prevention.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics; Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism*; Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology*
  4. Jadhav KB, Nagraj SK, Arora S
    J Oral Pathol Med, 2020 Nov 21.
    PMID: 33220092 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13134
    BACKGROUND: miRNA is one of the advanced epigenetic molecular markers correlating with lymph node metastasis in patients with Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Numerous published papers are showing correlation of miRNA with metastasis. There is a need to analyze and validate such correlation.

    METHOD: English language literature in major databases from the last 20 years was searched using controlled vocabulary and keywords. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed for selection of studies. The quality assessment was done as per the QUADAS tool 2 by three independent reviewers. The metanalysis was performed by using random effect model. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was considered as the effect measure. Statistical software used was STATA version 13.1.

    RESULTS: With all inclusion and exclusion criteria, eight studies could qualify for metanalysis. The pooled estimate is found to be 0.13 (-0.35, 0.62), P = .585, which is statistically not significant. This indicates that there is a no significant difference in the fold change between metastasis and no metastasis groups. P-value of chi-square statistic for heterogeneity is

    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms
  5. Mohd. Arifin Kaderi, Kahairi Abdullah, Wan Ishlah Leman, Azmir Ahmad
    MyJurnal
    Head and neck cancer (HNC) is among the common cancer in Malaysia. Depending on the location of the cancer in head and neck region, each type of HNC has its own characteristics and prevalence to specific gender and ethnicity. The remote and inaccessible location of the cancer also cause the difficulty to detect the cancer. This make the cancer usually diagnosed at late stage and make the treatment very challenges and ended with low survival rate of post-treatment among HNC patients. In fact, the detection of HNC at early stage could promise high successful recovery rate. This situation demand lots of studies to explore the carcinogenesis of HNC and searching for robust diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of non-coding RNA that regulate cellular physiology at post-transcriptional level. miRNAs expression has
    been found to deregulate in various disease state, including cancer. A few studies revealed that miRNAs can behave as oncogenic and tumour suppressor in HNC. Even HNC is common in Malaysia, the studies of miRNA in HNC are still scarce. In this review article, we highlight the studies of miRNA in HNC that have been published by Malaysian researchers with aim to call more Malaysian researchers to focus on miRNA researches in HNC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms
  6. Cheah Yoke Kqueen, Yaghma Masood, Nurul Syakima Ab Mutalib, Sethu Thakachy Subha, Norhafizah Mohtarrudin
    MyJurnal
    MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that involved in various normal and cancer-related cellular pro-cesses. Studies on expression profiling of miRNAs have been performed and the data showed that some miRNAs are up-regulated or down-regulated in cancer. miRNAs play a crucial role in HNSCC development, metastasis, prognosis and survival rate. Several studies have been conducted previously to investigate that use of miRNAs as the biomark-ers in disease diagnostic/prognostic and potential therapeutic targets management that may improve the outcomes of HNSCC. Our previous study revealed that upregulation of oncogenic miRNAs including hsa-miR-181a-2*, hsa-miR-29b-1*, hsa-miR-181a, hsa-miR-181b, hsa-miR-744, hsa-miR-1271 and hsa-miR-221* were able to distinguish HNSCC from normal samples. These miRNAs may contribute in a simple profiling strategy to identify individuals at higher risk of developing head and neck cancers, thus helping in the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in head and neck cancer pathogenesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms
  7. Gopinath D, Kunnath Menon R, K Veettil S, George Botelho M, Johnson NW
    Cancers (Basel), 2020 Jul 14;12(7).
    PMID: 32674369 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071893
    Whether "periodontal disease" can be considered as an independent risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC) remains controversial. The aim of the current meta-analysis was to quantitatively assess this relationship in order to determine whether this represents a true risk factor, with implications for cancer prevention and management. PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases were systematically searched. Selective studies were reviewed, and meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) on eligible studies using a random effects model. In total, 21 eligible observational studies (4 cohorts and 17 case-controls) were identified for qualitative synthesis after a review of 1051 articles. Significant heterogeneity could be identified in measures utilized for reporting of periodontal disease. Meta-analysis performed on nine studies that employed objective measures for reporting periodontal disease demonstrated a significant association between periodontal disease and HNC [OR 3.17, 95% CI, 1.78-5.64]. A diseased periodontium represents an independent risk marker, and a putative risk factor, for HNC. Prospective studies with standardized measures of periodontal disease severity and extent, integrated with microbiological and host susceptibility facets, are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of this positive association and whether treatment of the former influences the incidence and outcomes for HNC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms
  8. Sok Ching Cheong
    MyJurnal
    Head and neck cancers have been reported to have high immune infiltration scores, and clinical benefits of the anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor have been demonstrated in recurrent and metastatic cancers. Recent genetic signa-tures of the immune compartment have provided insights to delineate immune-active and -exhausted subtypes, to understand the immune status of OSCC patients that could further drive the development of novel immunotherapies. Vaccination with tumour-associated antigens is an approach to improve tumour recognition which could result in the eradication of cancer cells. Here, I would describe our efforts in developing antigen-specific vaccines for head and neck cancer. Using the B6.Cg-Tg(HLA-A/H2-D)2Enge/J mice bearing established tumours overexpressing the tumour antigens, we demonstrated that the vaccine delayed tumour growth, and in combination with anti-PD1, completely eliminated the tumour. The vaccine increased the expression of PD1 in T cells, and vaccinated animals showed increased antigen-specific responses by the ELISPOT assay. In summary, our data show that antigen-specific vaccine works synergistically with anti-PD1 and could be a promising therapeutic agent for head and neck cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms
  9. Sai-Guan L, Min-Han K, Kah-Wai N, Mohamad-Yunus MR
    Iran J Otorhinolaryngol, 2017 Mar;29(91):117-120.
    PMID: 28393061
    INTRODUCTION: Most metastatic lymph nodes from head and neck malignancy are solid. Cystic nodes are found in 33% - 61% of carcinomas arise from Waldeyer's ring, of which only 1.8% - 8% originate are from the nasopharynx. Some cystic cervical metastases were initially presumed to be branchial cleft cyst. This case report aims to highlight the unusual presentation of cystic cervical metastasis secondary to nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a young adult. The histopathology, radiological features and management strategy were discussed.

    CASE REPORT: A 36-year-old man presented with a solitary cystic cervical swelling, initially diagnosed as branchial cleft cyst. Fine needle aspiration yielded 18 ml of straw-coloured fluid. During cytological examination no atypical cells were observed. Computed tomography of the neck showed a heterogeneous mass with multiseptation medial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Histopathological examination of the mass, post excision, revealed a metastatic lymph node. A suspicious mucosal lesion at the nasopharynx was detected after repeated thorough head and neck examinations and the biopsy result confirmed undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

    CONCLUSION: Cystic cervical metastasis may occur in young patients under 40 years. The primary tumour may not be obvious during initial presentation because it mimicks benign branchial cleft cyst clinically. Retrospective review of the computed tomography images revealed features that were not characteristic of simple branchial cleft cyst. The inadequacy of assessment and interpretation had lead to the error in diagnosis and subsequent management. Metastatic head and neck lesion must be considered in a young adult with a cystic neck mass.

    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms
  10. Nurhayu Ab Rahman
    MyJurnal
    The aim was to study the prevalence and sociodemographic features of odontogenic, non-odontogenic and salivary glands lesions among patients seen in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. This information is essential to assist clinician in formulating reliable differential diagnosis of such lesion. Data on patient demographics, lesion location, tissue of origin and microscopic diagnosis were extracted from the Laboratory and Diagnosis record registries for biopsy specimen accessioned from year 2000 to 2012. This data was subsequently analyzed based on World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumours (2005). A total of 748 cases were included in the study. Out of the total number of cases, 367 cases were males and 377 cases were females. Ninety seven cases (13%) were of odontogenic origin, while 90 cases (12%) and 197 cases (26%) were of non-odontogenic and salivary gland origin respectively. Forty five percent of cases involved oral mucosal lesions. The most prevalent odontogenic lesion reported within the twelve years period was radicular cyst and ameloblastoma. Non-odontogenic bone lesion was rarely encountered with it making up less than two percent of total cases reported. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most prevalent benign salivary glands neoplasm reported within similar time period.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms
  11. Aminuddin A, Ng PY
    Front Pharmacol, 2016;7:244.
    PMID: 27570510 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00244
    Canonical Wnt signaling pathway, also known as Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, is a crucial mechanism for cellular maintenance and development. It regulates cell cycle progression, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Dysregulation of this pathway correlates with oncogenesis in various tissues including breast, colon, pancreatic as well as head and neck cancers. Furthermore, the canonical Wnt signaling pathway has also been described as one of the critical signaling pathways for regulation of normal stem cells as well as cancer cells with stem cell-like features, termed cancer stem cells (CSC). In this review, we will briefly describe the basic mechanisms of Wnt signaling pathway and its crucial roles in the normal regulation of cellular processes as well as in the development of cancer. Next, we will highlight the roles of canonical Wnt signaling pathway in the regulation of CSC properties namely self-renewal, differentiation, metastasis, and drug resistance abilities, particularly in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Finally, we will examine the findings of several recent studies which explore druggable targets in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway which could be valuable to improve the treatment outcome for head and neck cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms
  12. Abdul Rahman M, Mohamad Haron DE, Hollows RJ, Abdul Ghani ZDF, Ali Mohd M, Chai WL, et al.
    PeerJ, 2020;8:e9304.
    PMID: 32547888 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9304
    Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a significant world health problem, with approximately 600,000 new cases being diagnosed annually. The prognosis for patients with HNSCC is poor and, therefore, the identification of biomarkers for screening, diagnosis and prognostication would be clinically beneficial. A limited number of studies have used lipidomics to profile lipid species in the plasma of cancer patients. However, the profile and levels of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species have not been examined in HNSCC. In this study, a targeted lipidomics approach using liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) was used to analyse the concentration of LPA (16:0 LPA, 18:0 LPA, 18:1 LPA, 18:2 LPA and 20:4 LPA) in the plasma of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), together with healthy controls. The levels of three LPA species (18:1 LPA, 18:2 LPA and 20:4 LPA) were significantly lower in the plasma of OSCC patients, whilst the concentrations of all five LPA species tested were significantly lower in plasma from NPC patients. Furthermore, the order of abundance of LPA species in plasma was different between the control and cancer groups, with 16:0 LPA, 18:0 LPA levels being more abundant in OSCC and NPC patients. Medium to strong correlations were observed using all pairs of LPA species and a clear separation of the normal and tumour groups was observed using PCA analysis. In summary, the results of this study showed that the levels of several LPA species in the plasma of patients with OSCC and NPC were lower than those from healthy individuals. Understanding these variations may provide novel insights into the role of LPA in these cancers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms
  13. Jelen MM, Chen Z, Kocjan BJ, Burt FJ, Chan PK, Chouhy D, et al.
    J Virol, 2014 Jul;88(13):7307-16.
    PMID: 24741079 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00621-14
    Human papillomavirus type 6 (HPV6) is the major etiological agent of anogenital warts and laryngeal papillomas and has been included in both the quadrivalent and nonavalent prophylactic HPV vaccines. This study investigated the global genomic diversity of HPV6, using 724 isolates and 190 complete genomes from six continents, and the association of HPV6 genomic variants with geographical location, anatomical site of infection/disease, and gender. Initially, a 2,800-bp E5a-E5b-L1-LCR fragment was sequenced from 492/530 (92.8%) HPV6-positive samples collected for this study. Among them, 130 exhibited at least one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), indel, or amino acid change in the E5a-E5b-L1-LCR fragment and were sequenced in full. A global alignment and maximum likelihood tree of 190 complete HPV6 genomes (130 fully sequenced in this study and 60 obtained from sequence repositories) revealed two variant lineages, A and B, and five B sublineages: B1, B2, B3, B4, and B5. HPV6 (sub)lineage-specific SNPs and a 960-bp representative region for whole-genome-based phylogenetic clustering within the L2 open reading frame were identified. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that lineage B predominated globally. Sublineage B3 was more common in Africa and North and South America, and lineage A was more common in Asia. Sublineages B1 and B3 were associated with anogenital infections, indicating a potential lesion-specific predilection of some HPV6 sublineages. Females had higher odds for infection with sublineage B3 than males. In conclusion, a global HPV6 phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of two variant lineages and five sublineages, showing some degree of ethnogeographic, gender, and/or disease predilection in their distribution.

    IMPORTANCE: This study established the largest database of globally circulating HPV6 genomic variants and contributed a total of 130 new, complete HPV6 genome sequences to available sequence repositories. Two HPV6 variant lineages and five sublineages were identified and showed some degree of association with geographical location, anatomical site of infection/disease, and/or gender. We additionally identified several HPV6 lineage- and sublineage-specific SNPs to facilitate the identification of HPV6 variants and determined a representative region within the L2 gene that is suitable for HPV6 whole-genome-based phylogenetic analysis. This study complements and significantly expands the current knowledge of HPV6 genetic diversity and forms a comprehensive basis for future epidemiological, evolutionary, functional, pathogenicity, vaccination, and molecular assay development studies.

    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/complications; Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics*; Head and Neck Neoplasms/virology
  14. Bachok N, Biswal BM, Razak NHA, Zainoon WMNW, Mokhtar K, Rahman RA, et al.
    Malays J Med Sci, 2018 Sep;25(5):79-87.
    PMID: 30914865 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.5.8
    Background: This quasi-clinical trial compared the effects of Oral7® and salt-soda mouthwash on the development of dental caries, salivary gland function, radiation mucositis, xerostomia and EORTC QLQ H&N C35 scores in head and neck cancer patients who underwent radiotherapy.

    Methods: We included patients with histopathologically diagnosed head and neck cancers who had received radiation, with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1 and age range of 15-60 years. Patients with prior radiotherapy and chemotherapy, edentulous status, total parotidectomy, sicca syndrome or on xerosis-induced medications were excluded. We assigned 15 patients each to the Oral7® and salt-soda groups.

    Results: There was no significant difference in the mean Decayed, Missing and Filling Teeth (DMFT) score between groups. Head and neck cancer patients who were on Oral7® had a significantly better quality of life than those on salt-soda in relation to the swallowing problems, social eating, mouth opening, xerostomia and illness scales. Patients who were on Oral7® had a significantly lower xerostomia score than patients on salt-soda mouthwash. Patients on Oral7® had a significantly lower mucositis score in week 5-7 compared to patients in the salt-soda group.

    Conclusion: Oral7® showed advantages over salt-soda solution in relation to reducing xerostomia, easing radiation-induced mucositis, and improving quality of life, despite the non-significant difference in the dental caries assessment.

    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms
  15. Lim EY, Tang IP, Peyman M, Ramli N, Narayanan P, Rajagopalan R
    Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 2015 Nov;272(11):3109-13.
    PMID: 25205300 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-014-3232-y
    High acoustic noise level is one of the unavoidable side effects of 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A case of hearing loss after 3 T MRI has been reported in this institution and hence this study. The objective of this study was to determine whether temporary threshold shift (TTS) in high frequency hearing occurs in patients undergoing 3 T MRI scans of the head and neck. A total of 35 patients undergoing head and neck 3 T MRI for various clinical indications were tested with pure tone audiometry in different frequencies including high frequencies, before and after the MRI scan. Any threshold change from the recorded baseline of 10 dB was considered significant. All patients were fitted with foamed 3 M earplugs before the procedure following the safety guidelines for 3 T MRI. The mean time for MRI procedure was 1,672 s (range 1,040-2,810). The noise dose received by each patient amounted to an average of 3,906.29% (1,415-9,170%). The noise dose was derived from a normograph used by Occupational Noise Surveys. This was calculated using the nomograph of L eq, L EX, noise dose and time. There was no statistically significant difference between the hearing threshold before and after the MRI procedures for all the frequencies (paired t test, P > 0.05). For patients using 3 M foamed earplugs, noise level generated by 3 T MRI during routine clinical sequence did not cause any TTS in high frequency hearing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology*
  16. Shariat M, Alias NA, Biswal BM
    Postgrad Med J, 2008 Nov;84(997):609-12.
    PMID: 19103820 DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.2008.068569
    Post-radiation large vessel injury has not received as much attention as microvascular irradiation injury. A few studies have shown that common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is increased after radiotherapy to the head and neck. However, in most of these studies, the irradiated subjects also had other major risk factors for atherosclerosis. In this study, irradiated subjects with major risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, history of previous cerebrovascular accident and connective tissue disorder were excluded.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy*
  17. Baharudin A, Khairuddin A, Nizam A, Samsuddin AR
    J Laryngol Otol, 2009 Jan;123(1):108-13.
    PMID: 18452635 DOI: 10.1017/S0022215108002466
    Radiotherapy is an important treatment modality for head and neck tumours. One of its major drawbacks is post-treatment salivary gland hypofunction. This study was performed to objectively evaluate the salivary gland function in post-irradiated head and neck tumour patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy*
  18. Ngeow WC, Chai WL, Rahman RA, Ramli R
    Singapore Dent J, 2006 Dec;28(1):1-3.
    PMID: 17378333
    Head and neck cancer is becoming a more recognizable pathology to the general population and dentists. The modes of treatment include surgery and/or radiation therapy. Where possible, pretreatment dental assessment shall be provided for these patients before they receive radiation therapy. There are occasions, however, whereby head and neck cancer patients are not prepared optimally for radiation therapy. Because of this, they succumb to complicated oral adverse effects after radiation therapy. Part I of this series reviews the management of xerostomia. The management of the effect of xerostomia to the dentition/oral cavity is discussed in Part II.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy*
  19. Ngeow WC, Chai WL, Ramli R, Rahman RA
    Singapore Dent J, 2006 Dec;28(1):19-21.
    PMID: 17378338
    Head and neck cancer is becoming a more recognizable pathology to the general population and dentists. The modes of treatment include surgery and/or radiation therapy. Where possible, pretreatment dental assessment shall be provided for these patients before they undergo radiation therapy. There are occasions, however, whereby head and neck cancer patients are not prepared optimally for radiation therapy. Because of this, they succumb to complicated oral adverse effects after radiation therapy. The last part of this series reviews the opportunistic infections that can occur to the perioral structure. Their management is briefly discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy*
  20. Zamzuri I, Idris NR, Mar W, Abdullah JM, Zakaria A, Biswal BM
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Dec;61(5):621-5.
    PMID: 17623965 MyJurnal
    Precision Radiotherapy at high doses require a fixed, referable target point. The frame system fulfills the required criteria by making the target point relocatable and fixed within a stereotactic space. Since December 2001, we have treated 28 central and peripheral nervous system lesions using either radiosurgery as a single high dose fraction or fractionated 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy using a lower dose and a multi-leaf collimator. Various pathological lesions either benign or malignant were treated. Eighty six percent of our treated lesions showed growth restraint, preventing them from causing new symptoms with a median follow-up duration of 20.5 months. However, the true benefit from this technique would require a long-term follow-up to document the progress.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy*
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