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Factors of cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills retention among healthcare providers: A scoping review

Junli A, Isa SNI, Ibrahim FS

Nurse Educ Pract, 2023 May;69:103617.
PMID: 36996552 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103617

BACKGROUND: The retention of cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills among healthcare providers is critical to ensure the delivery of effective treatment to patients who experience cardiac arrest. However, the factors influencing cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills retention among healthcare providers have yet to be well studied.
OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aimed to map the factors influencing cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills retention among healthcare providers.
METHODS: A literature search was conducted using the Web of Sciences, Scopus, Cochrane, Google Scholar and PubMed electronic databases. The inclusion criteria were original publications published during the last five years (2018 - 2022), availability of full texts in English and evidence of the retention of pertinent cardiopulmonary resuscitation in terms of knowledge and abilities.
RESULTS: Three cross-sectional studies, two prospective studies, one each of prospective descriptive-analytical study, randomised controlled trial, intervention and prospective interventional study, prospective pre-post study, retrospective study, cluster randomised control trial and randomised education trial study comprise the 14 publications including in this study. The thematic analysis identified four major themes that influence the retention of cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills: experience, training type, training frequency and other factors. The final theme identified infrastructure access, evidence-based practice review meetings and healthcare providers' educational background.
CONCLUSION: To retain skills in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, healthcare providers must be regularly updated and trained on the latest cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines.
Fulltext Understanding the Relationship between Environmental Factors and Mental Health Status among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Scoping Review

Amsah N, Isa ZM, Ahmad N

Iran J Public Health, 2024 Sep;53(9):1924-1934.
PMID: 39429666 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v53i9.16448

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a wide range of health outcomes, including an increased risk of depression and anxiety and a decline in quality of life. Even though the significance of biopsychological factors in the mental health status of T2DM patients has been discussed in other studies, the role of environmental factors has been lacking. Therefore, this review aimed to identify the relationship between environmental factors and mental health status among T2DM patients.
METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews was utilized in this study. Using predetermined keywords, a systematic search was conducted on three electronic databases from 2005 to 2023, namely, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Articles written in English, and studies focusing on the research question are among the inclusion criteria. Ten articles were extracted that were relevant to the research question.
RESULTS: Poor socioeconomic status, urban areas, the influence of neighborhood, greenness, and air pollution had associations with mental health status among T2DM patients.
CONCLUSION: The possible implications of these factors for mental health demand further research and policy consideration.
Relationship between vehicle count and particulate air pollution in Amman, Jordan

Alnawaiseh NA, Hashim JH, Isa ZM

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2015 Mar;27(2):NP1742-51.
PMID: 22899706 DOI: 10.1177/1010539512455046

The main objective of this cross-sectional comparative study is to observe the relationship between traffic-related air pollutants, particularly particulate matter (PM) of total suspended particulate (TSP) and PM of size 10 µm (PM10), and vehicle traffic in Amman, Jordan. Two study areas were chosen randomly as a high-polluted area (HPA) and low-polluted area (LPA). The findings indicate that TSP and PM10 were still significantly correlated with traffic count even after controlling for confounding factors (temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed): TSP, r = 0.726, P < .001; PM10, r = 0.719, P < .001). There was a significant positive relationship between traffic count and PM level: TSP, P < .001; PM10, P < .001. Moreover, there was a significant negative relationship between temperature and PM10 level (P = .018). Traffic volume contributed greatly to high concentrations of TSP and PM10 in areas with high traffic count, in addition to the effect of temperature.
Fulltext Optimized exposer region-based modified adaptive histogram equalization method for contrast enhancement in CXR imaging

Gangwar S, Devi R, Mat Isa NA

Sci Rep, 2025 Feb 25;15(1):6693.
PMID: 40000697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-90876-6

In medical imaging, low-contrast chest X-ray (CXR) images may fail to provide adequate information for accurate visual interpretation and disease diagnosis. Conventional contrast enhancement techniques, such as histogram equalization, often introduce intensity shifts and loss of fine details. This study presents an advanced Exposure Region-Based Modified Adaptive Histogram Equalization (ERBMAHE) method, further optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to enhance contrast, preserve brightness, and strengthen fine details. The ERBMAHE method segments CXR images into underexposed, well-exposed, and overexposed regions using the 9IEC algorithm. The well-exposed region is further divided, generating five histograms. Each region undergoes adaptive contrast enhancement via a novel weighted probability density function (PDF) and power-law transformation to ensure balanced enhancement across different exposure levels. The PSO algorithm is then employed to optimize power-law parameters, further refining contrast enhancement and illumination uniformity while maintaining the natural appearance of medical images. The PSO-ERBMAHE method was tested on 600 Kaggle CXR images and compared against six state-of-the-art techniques. It achieved a superior peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR = 31.10 dB), entropy (7.48), feature similarity index (FSIM = 0.98), tenengrad function (TEN = 0.19), quality-aware relative contrast measure (QRCM = 0.10), and contrast ratio, while maintaining a low absolute mean brightness error (AMBE = 0.10). The method effectively enhanced image contrast while preserving brightness and visual quality, as confirmed by medical expert evaluations. The proposed PSO-ERBMAHE method delivers high-quality contrast enhancement in medical imaging, ensuring better visibility of critical anatomical features. By strengthening fine details, maintaining mean brightness, and improving computational efficiency, this technique enhances disease examination and diagnosis, reducing misinterpretation risks and improving clinical decision-making.
Fulltext Critical review on dietary sodium reduction policies in Malaysia

Shahrir, S.N., Abdul Manaf, M.R., Mustapha, F.I., Md. Isa, Z.

International Food Research Journal, 2019;26(1):33-40.
MyJurnal

SHAKE Technical Package outlines the policies and interventions in reducing population salt intake which includes five overarching elements needed to create a successful salt reduction programme followed by the five elements of the SHAKE Package for salt reduction that consist of (1) surveillance, (2) harness the industry, (3) adopt the standards for labelling and marketing, (4) knowledge, and (5) environment. The aim for the present work was to critically review the documents related to the dietary sodium reduction strategies in Malaysia as compared to the SHAKE Technical Package. This review involves online and physical document searches of documents related to dietary sodium reduction within the Ministry of Health Malaysia. Visits to each related department via a liaison officer were done for clarification about the documents. Data was sorted according to the SHAKE Framework and a SWOT analysis was done. A total of 32 documents related to salt reduction policies and 15 health education materials were identified. Malaysia’s salt reduction policies comply to four out of five overarching elements of a successful salt reduction program with the presence of political commitment, dedicated programme leadership and governance, partnership with other ministries and stakeholders and integration with iodine deficiency elimination programme. For the SHAKE Package, Malaysia’s policies comply with all the five SHAKE Package elements. However, further investigation revealed that the food products involved in the food reformulation programme were limited. The SWOT analysis revealed that Malaysia has developed a specific plan for a national salt reduction strategy by producing its own Salt Reduction Strategy to Prevent and Control Non-Communicable Diseases for Malaysia Guidelines 2015-2020. Currently, there is no comprehensive database on the salt content of processed foods in Malaysia mainly due to the absence of mandatory labelling for sodium content in processed foods, which is a significant threat to the implementation of salt reduction initiative in the country. Pro-active non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and civil society groups advocating salt reduction in the community is needed to place salt high on the political and developmental agenda Salt reduction strategy as a policy in Malaysia includes almost all recommendations in the SHAKE Framework Malaysia. However, it is still in its early stage.
Fulltext Synthesis, spectral characterisation and antimicrobial properties of cu(ii) and fe(ii) complexes with xanthone

Rabuyah Ni, Mohammad Isa Mohamadin, Mian, Vivien Jong Yi

Scientific Research Journal, 2017;14(1):1-14.
MyJurnal

The new complexes [CuL2
(H2
O)2
] and [FeL2
(CH3
O)2
] in which L =
β-mangostin were synthesised and characterised. The structure of the
ligand, β-mangostin was confirmed using NMR and the purity of ligand
was determined using HPLC. Both Cu(II) and Fe(II) complexes were
prepared by reaction between the ligand and the acetate of the metals in
one-step reaction. The synthesised compounds have been characterised
using UV-Visible, FTIR and CHNS analyser. Ligand and metal complexes
were tested against bacteria to assess on their antimicrobial properties using
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) and Minimum Bactericidal
Concentrations (MBCs) method. The elemental analysis and spectra data
suggested octahedral geometry for both Cu(II) and Fe(II) complexes. The
IR spectroscopy revealed that the chelation of Cu2+ and Fe2+ ion occurred
with hydroxyl and carbonyl group at C9
and C1 respectively of β-mangostin.
Both Cu(II) and Fe(II) complexes showed stronger inhibition against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae and
Salmonella pneumonia at concentration 900 mg/mL and Escherichia coli
at 450 mg/mL compared to the ligand itself
Fulltext The association between body weight status, sodium intake and blood pressure with intraocular pressure among orang asli adolescents in Semenyih, Selangor

Nurulain Asri, Tasneem Shaari, Mohd Zaki Awg Isa

Journal of Optometry, Eye and Health Research, 2020;2(1):48-56.
MyJurnal

Abnormal intraocular pressure (IOP) if left untreated it can lead to glaucoma and permanent vision loss. However, the correlation between IOP and body weight status, sodium intake, and blood pressure (BP) are unclear among adolescents. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the relationship between body weight status, sodium intake, and BP with IOP among orang Asli adolescents. A total sample of 50 adolescents of Orang Asli aged 13 to 17 participated in this study. Three days' dietary intake was recorded through 24-hour diet recall to determine the sodium intake. The questionnaire was administered to acquire socio-demographic information, and measurements Body Mass Index (BMI) and BP were done according to standard protocols, and IOP was measured using Tonopen. Data obtained involving 40% boys and 60% girls. Two boys (4%) were underweight, 13 boys (26%) and 17 (34%) girls were normal weight, 4 (8%) boys and 11 (22%) girls were overweight, 1 (2%) boy and 2 (4%) girls were obese. Sixty percent of subjects have exceeded the Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (LOAEL) of 2300 mg of sodium intake. Hypertension stage 1 was found higher than hypertension stage 2 in male and female subjects, with 38% of the female have stage 1 hypertension compared to only 14% in male subjects. 98% of subjects have normal IOP and only 2% of subjects have high IOP. There was a significant association between BMI and IOP (p
Fulltext Relationship between visual acuity, vitamin a, and zinc intake: a study among orang asli children aged 8-12 years in Semenyih, Selangor

Lilynea Padimun, Tasneem Shaari, Mohd Zaki Awg Isa

Journal of Optometry, Eye and Health Research, 2020;2(1):62-67.
MyJurnal

The importance of vitamin A and Zinc has been a major concern due to their deficiency among children. This research aimed to investigate the association of vitamin A and zinc intake with visual acuity among Orang Asli children in Semenyih, Selangor. The total subjects involved were 94, consisting of boys, and girls aged 8-12 years old. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to determine the level of vitamin A and zinc intake. A Bailey-lovie chart test was used to determine the visual acuity. Vitamin A intake was highest among boys aged 8-9 years old (720 ± 324 mg). The mean intake of zinc, was lowest among boys aged 10-12 years old (4.42 ± 1.00 mg) and highest among girls aged 8-9 years old (5.04 ± 1.14 mg). The prevalence of abnormal visual acuity was 24%, which was equivalent to 23 subjects from the overall sample, consisting of boys and girls with a value of 0.50 Dioptric spherical equivalence (DSE). Findings from the research show that vitamin A and Zinc intake have a significant association with Visual acuity (p
Fulltext Functional dependence and nutritional status among leprosy survivors in Sungai Buloh, Malaysia

Mohamad-Rodi Isa, Siti-Munira Yasin, Mohammad-Idris Zamhuri

Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2016;1(1):29-35.

Introduction: Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease which also known as Hansen’s disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The social rights and health requirements should not be neglected among the remaining survivors. Although nutritional status and leprosy invasion has been studied in the past, there is still an unclear relationship between these two. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between nutritional status and disability among the leprosy survivors.
sampling was conducted at Sungai Buloh, Selangor area from June 2014 to July 2014. The degree of disability was assessed using Barthel’s Index and the nutritional status assessment was assessed using Mini Nutritional Assessment. The data was analysed using SPSS version 20.
Results: A total of 73 patients were involved in the study (60.3% were male and 89.0% were Chinese). The prevalence of disability was 56.2% (95% CI: 44.5 – 67.8) with walking up-stair s the highest item that need help (50.7%). There were 9.6% malnourished and 49.3% were at risk of malnutrition. There was a negative strong correlation between Nutritional score and the Barthel’s index score (Spearman rho, ρ = -0.714, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Measures must be taken to improve their nutritional status in order to increase their ability to be more independent particularly those who are very old. The degree of disability increases with malnutrition.
KEYWORDS: Functional dependence, nutritional status, leprosy
Fulltext The Efficacy of Reciproc Blue® For Canal Cleanliness Following the Retreatment of Maxillary First Molar: In Vitro Analysis

Aws Hashim Ali Al-Kadhim, Azlan Jaafar, Mohd Nazrin Isa

Malaysian Journal of Science, Health & Technology, 2021;7(1):22-27.
MyJurnal

Nonsurgical retreatment involves removing mechanical barriers such as gutta-percha to achieve proper cleaning and disinfection. The complexity of the anatomy of molar tooth gives challenge in retreatment procedure. Thus, this study evaluates the amount of residual gutta-percha after retreatment with rotary files (Reciproc Blue®) from each maxillary first molar canal using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the time required to accomplish it. Nine freshly extracted maxillary molars were instrumented and obturated. Preoperative CBCT was taken, and retreatment was done using Reciproc Blue®. CBCT was taken post retreatment, and the residual volume percentage of gutta-percha from each canal was calculated. The total retreatment time was recorded, and the data were statistically analyzed. The result shows no statistically significant difference in the amount of residual filling material in mesiobuccal, distobuccal, and palatal canal for maxillary first molar and total time used for retreatment with Reciproc Blue® system.
Fulltext Erectile dysfunction and methadone maintenance therapy

Fitri Fareez, R., Ahmad Nazrun, S., Isa, N.M., Rashidi, M.P.M.

Medicine & Health, 2020;15(1):5-17.
MyJurnal

Gangguan fungsi ereksi adalah salah satu kesan sampingan metadon yang paling lazim. Gangguan ini menjejaskan lebih daripada separuh populasi pesakit metadon dari segi fungsi seksual mereka. Masalah ini dikaitkan dengan penurunan kualiti hidup yang ketara. Gangguan fungsi ereksi boleh menyebabkan masalah yang lebih besar jika tidak dirawat kerana pesakit mungkin memilih untuk menggunakan rawatan sendiri yang berbahaya seperti menyalahgunakan methamphetamine. Penggunaan dadah untuk mengatasi kesan sampingan metadon boleh menyebabkan gangguan penggunaan dadah ganda yang dapat mengganggu rawatan ketagihan dadah. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, pengamal dan pesakit memainkan peranan yang penting dalam pengurusan gangguan fungsi ereksi. Kesedaran pesakit mengenai gangguan fungsi ereksi dan impaknya serta intervensi aktif oleh doktor untuk mengesan gangguan fungsi ereksi, adalah penting untuk meningkatkan tingkat pengesanan dan pengurusan gangguan fungsi ereksi. Saringan gangguan fungsi ereksi yang kerap dan faktor risikonya akan membantu mengenalpasti pesakit yang menderita gangguan fungsi ereksi. Pelbagai pilihan rawatan seperti rawatan bupropion, trazodone dan banyak lagi tersedia untuk merawat gangguan fungsi ereksi yang akan diterokai lebih lanjut dalam kajian ini.
Fulltext ST elevation in lead aVR with malperfusion syndrome: sign of severe aortic dissection

Abd Samat, A.H., Ida, Z.Z., Yat, Keong Y., Isa, M.H.

Medicine & Health, 2020;15(2):297-305.
MyJurnal

Kenaikan segmen ST di elektrod aVR elektrokardiografi di dalam kes diseksi aorta mempunyai risiko kematian yang tinggi. Ia melibatkan diseksi yang berlaku di akar aorta. Kami melaporkan kes pesakit lelaki muda yang menghidap penyakit darah tinggi, yang datang ke Jabatan Kecemasan dengan sakit dada dan sakit di bahagian kaki. Pemeriksaan fizikal pada bahagian bawah kiri anggota adalah konsisten dengan iskemia akut. Elektrokardiogram menunjukkan serangan jantung akut di bahagian elektrod anterolateral, dan kenaikan ST segmen di elektrod aVR. Ekokardiografi menunjukkan akar aorta yang berukuran 4.51 cm dan kehadiran flap intimal, meningkatkan kebarangkalian diseksi pada akar aorta dan arteri koronari. Tomography Computed Angiogram menunjukkan terdapat diseksi aorta dari akar aorta termasuk flap intimal berhampiran permulaan arteri koronari kiri, hingga ke arteri iliac utama ke arteri iliac kiri. Malangnya, pesakit memilih untuk tidak menjalani pembedahan dan akhirnya meninggal dunia selepas 48 jam di masukkan ke wad. Kes ini menjelaskan bahawa, dalam kes diseksi aorta yang hadir dengan sindrom 'malperfusion', kenaikan segmen ST pada elektrod aVR akan meningkatkan kebarangkalian terjadinya diseksi aorta yang teruk melibatkan akar aorta dan juga arteri koronari, yang menjadikan prognosis pesakit lebih teruk.
Fulltext Factors affecting treatment seeking patterns amongst public in three selected areas in kuantan: discovery of perceptions (dzan) among community as thought in islam.

Afzan Mat Yusof, Syamsul Ahmad Arifin, Lokman Md Isa

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(102):171-176.
MyJurnal

Seeking treatment is a vital when an individual falls sick. However, some may not do so perhaps they are ashamed to admitting having shameful diseases or unable to seek and reach help. Negative perception of the community on sensitive diseases like AIDS or sexual transmitted disease (STD) may drive the patients away from seeking treatment and suffer alone. In Islam we are thought to always have positive perceptions (husnu dzan) towards any issues in daily life especially when dealing with human interaction by avoiding bad perceptions (su’u dzan). Thus, this study aims to identify the factors affecting treatment seeking patterns among public in three selected areas in Kuantan, and to explore factors affecting people not able or avoid seeking treatment, also to determine the relationship between treatment seeking patterns and the influential factors ie distance, accessibility and behaviour; attitude to health, healthcare and self-perception. A cross sectional survey was carried out at Taman Gelora, Teluk Cempedak and Terminal Makmur, Kuantan, Pahang. Convenient sampling method was used in this study. 201 respondents participated and answered a semi-structured questionnaire modified from Adamson. Results showed that the data was normally distributed, 50.2% respondents were male and 58.7% the total respondents were between 16-26 years old. Majority of the respondents had neutral attitude to health and healthcare, and to self-perception; 94.03% and 73.63% respectively. From the results, there were significant association between distance and accessibility, and monthly income, plus between self-perception and demographic data (p
Fulltext Review on the Control of Waterborne Diseases –The Islamic Approach.

Muhammad Lokman Md Isa, Afzan Mat Yusof, Mohammed Abdullah Jainul

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(102):137-140.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Scarcity of fresh water is currently blighting the population of the least developed countries around the world. According to WHO, waterborne diseases accounts for 4.1% of total disability adjusted life years (DALYs) with a mortality rate of 1.8 million per year. Numerous pathogens and chemicals may be the potential sources of water contamination that leads to waterborne diseases in humans. Some pathogens are only active and express disease whilst within the host. The aim of this article is to identify the cause of water-borne diseases and how to control it from the Islamic perspective. Material and Methods: In this review we had compiled the latest scientific findings related to waterborne diseases and integrated them with Islamic approach of cleanliness. There are many Hadithsof the Prophet (peace be upon him) (PBUH) regarding methods of cleanliness with scientific background to control waterborne diseases. Water pollution may be a natural process, men made, intentional or accidental. More often than not, man are infected after accidently consuming or coming in contact with contaminated water Results: Scientific literature search reveals that individual hygiene and sanitation is the most prominent way to prevent waterborne diseases. In Islam, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) puts a great emphasize on purification in terms of personal cleanliness and made it mandatory to follow rule to remain pure both physically and spiritually. Conclusions: Sunnaticapproaches of cleanliness may hinder waterborne disease.
Fulltext Marketing strategies to improve the sales of bakery products of small-medium enterprise (SMEs) in Malaysia

S. Kiumarsi, Jayaraman, K., Salmi Mohd Isa, Asra Varastegani

International Food Research Journal, 2014;21(6):2101-2107.
MyJurnal

Bakery products become a regular food in most part of the world and are essential commodities today. There is a high potential for business growth in selling bakery products. In the business world, Small-Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are primarily engaged in the bakery business, but cannot compete with the branded bakery Industry. The SMEs in Malaysia are striving hard to achieve growth in the business of bakery products. The present case study deals with the issues faced by SMEs and provided some valid recommendations to resolve the existing problems in the bakery business. The case analysis and its findings reveal that SMEs have unstructured marketing strategies and needs enhancements in the areas of packaging, value add to the bakery products, focus on promotion and appropriate advertising strategies. Further, the analysis reveals that more coverage of selling points for bakery products, the increased number of distribution centers and proper incentives to the agents may definitely improve the marketing of bakery products.
Fulltext Effect of drying temperature on the functional properties of biodegradable CMC-based film for potential food packaging

Suderman, N., Isa, M. I. N., Sarbon, N. M.

International Food Research Journal, 2016;23(3):1075-1084.
MyJurnal

The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional properties (thickness; water vapor
permeability (WVP); film microstructure, tensile strength (TS) and biodegradability) of
carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/gelatin (gel)/chitosan (chi) biocomposite film as influenced
by different drying temperature (25 and 60 °C). Seven formulations (CMC/gel/chi) prepared
were control (100/0/0), formulations A (80/20/0), B (80/0/20), C (80/10/10), D (60/20/20),
E (60/30/10), and F (60/10/30). Different drying temperature resulted in different time taken
for the film to dry. Results revealed that formulation F was optimal due to its high tensile
strength and low WVP rate which support its biodegradability for both drying conditions. FTIR
assay revealed a strong carboxyl group for CMC, which contributed to high biodegradability
results (85.3 vs. 85.50%) for room vs. oven dried specimens, respectively. Such desirable
characteristics demonstrated that film F holds remarkable potential as edible films material
with enhanced positive impacts on the environment and community.
Kesatuan ekonomi ASEAN: model undang-undang terma tidak adil dalam kontrak pengguna ASEAN

Samna Shaik Ahmad Yusoff, Azimon Abdul Aziz, Suzanna Mohamed Isa

CREAM : Current Research in Malaysia (Penyelidikan Terkini di Malaysia), 2012;1(1):189-230.
MyJurnal

Kesatuan Ekonomi ASEAN (AEC) merupakan realisasi matlamat akhir integrasi ekonomi yang diasaskan pada pemusatan keinginan negaranegara ASEAN untuk meluaskan intergrasi ekonomi melalui inisiatif baru dan sedia ada dalam kerangka masa yang telah ditetapkan. Dalam merealisasikan salah satu tindakan AEC yang telah dikenal pasti iaitu memperkasakan perlindungan pengguna ASEAN, pengharmonian undang-undang kontrak pengguna dilihat sebagai salah satu agenda penting ASEAN. Dengan berobjektifkan pengharmonian undang-undang kontrak ASEAN yang mengkhusus kepada penggunaan terma tidak adil dalam pasaran pengguna seterusnya mencadangkan ASEAN Model Law on Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts, makalah ini mengadoptasi metodologi analisis kandungan berteraskan literatur undang-undang primer dan sekunder. Mengguna pakai undang-undang kes dan perundangan di enam negara ASEAN terpilih iaitu Malaysia, Singapura, Indonesia, Thailand, Filipina dan Brunei, penyelidikan ini mendapati wujud persamaan dalam mekanisme yang digunakan di negara-negara ASEAN ini dalam menangani permasalahan penggunaan terma tidak adil dalam kontrak pengguna. Namun walaupun perundangan dilihat sebagai mekanisme yang mampu menangani permasalahan ini, wujud perbezaan pendekatan dalam perundangan yang diadaptasi oleh negara-negara ASEAN tersebut. Penggunaan perundangan berorientasikan perlindungan pengguna bagi mengawal penggunaan terma tidak adil dalam kontrak pengguna jelas kelihatan di Malaysia, Singapura, Indonesia, Thailand dan Filipina. Penggunaan perundangan kontrak yang mengkhusus kepada terma tidak adil sebagai instrumen kawalan pula kelihatan di Singapura, Thailand dan Brunei. Dalam aspek ini, keunikan Singapura dan Thailand yang menangani permasalahan terma tidak adil dalam kontrak pengguna dengan mengadakan perlindungan melalui dua jenis perundangan yang berbeza menampakkan korpus perlindungan pengguna yang lebih mapan. Pendekatan yang berbeza yang diamalkan di beberapa negara ASEAN terpilih ini memperlihatkan satu korpus perlindungan pengguna yang unik dalam aspek kontrak pengguna tidak adil.
Fulltext Effect of different types of hydrocolloids on the physical and sensory properties of ice cream with fermented glutinous rice ( tapai pulut)

Shukri, W.H.Z., Hamzah, E.N.H., Halim, N.R.A., Isa, M.I.N., Sarbon, N.M.

International Food Research Journal, 2014;21(5):1777-1787.
MyJurnal

The aim of this work is to study the effect of hydrocolloids (guar gum, xanthan gum and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on the physical properties and sensory evaluation of ice cream produced in order to investigate the potential of applying fermented glutinous rice (tapai pulut) as a value-added ingredient. The addition of 25% fermented glutinous rice was the most reliable amount to enhance the physical and sensory properties of ice cream when incorporating hydrocolloids. The addition of hydrocolloids significantly (p < 0.05) increased the pH, firmness, overrun, and melting rate of fermented glutinous rice ice cream. The addition of guar gum scored the highest firmness value (5403 g) followed by CMC (4630 g) and xanthan gum (3481g). Fermented glutinous rice ice cream with xanthan gum added, induced a noticeable change in overrun value (62%) while the addition of CMC decreased the melting rate compared to the control. The FTIR spectrum of fermented glutinous rice ice cream with different hydrocolloids containing carboxyl, amide and carbonyl group was appeared at 3362-3379 cm-1 , 1639-1640 cm-1 and 1026-1064 cm-1, respectively. In conclusion, the addition of xanthan gum presented great potential to improve the quality of fermented glutinous rice ice cream produced in terms of its firmness, overrun and melting rate.
Fulltext Prevalence and associated factors of sleeping pills use among students in a Malaysian university

Al-Naggar, Redhwan Ahmed, Zaleha Mohd Isa, Ramli Musa

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2010;11(2):171-179.
MyJurnal

Objective: This paper aimed to determine the prevalence of sleeping pills use among university students and its associated factors in Malaysia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2010 among 200 Malaysia. The survey was conducted by distributing self-administered questionnaires. The questionnaire was developed based on the literature review. The students were chosen randomly using convenience sampling.
Results: A total of 200 university students participated in this study. The prevalence of using sleeping pills among university students is 7.5%. The majority of the participants were Malay 146 (73.0%), from urban area 169 (84.5%), from medical and health sciences background 101 (50.5%). This study showed that there is a significant relationship between using sleeping pills and depression (p= 0.03). There is also a significant relationship between
using sleeping pills and inducing sleep by reading (p=0.04). Conclusion: The prevalence of sleeping pills usage among university students is relatively high. This study showed that there is a significant relationship between using sleeping pills and depression.
Fulltext The gap between knowledge and perception on education in traditional and complementary medicine among medical staff in Malaysia

Abuduli, Maihebureti, Zaleha Md Isa, Syed Mohamed Aljunid

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2015;15(1):0-0.
MyJurnal

Although the Ministry of Health Malaysia has been encouraging the practice of Traditional and Complementary Medicine (T&CM)1, 2 , 3, 4 but patients/clients has not been able to apply it for their need of medical treatments and sometimes it leads to negative outcomes due to lack of knowledge on T&CM and its safe applications5,6’ 7,8 Most of the western-trained physicians are ignorant of risk and benefits of T&CM9,10,11 . This study was aimed to determine the gap between knowledge regarding T&CM and perception on education in T&CM among the medical staffs in five selected hospitals in Malaysia. A cross-sectional survey was done at five public hospitals among medical staff in Malaysia by using quantitative methods. A total of 477 medical staffs were involved in this study. The study showed that the overall knowledge of T&CM among the medical staffs were poor (61.2%). Having good knowledge regarding T&CM were significantly higher in Hospital Duchess of Kent (52%, p=0.001), among the non-Malays (44%, p=0.047) and pharmacists (47.2%, p=0.030). Positive perception on health education in T&CM among medical staffs were high (85.3%) especially among females (88.1%, p=0.002) and pharmacists (93.7%, p< 0.001). The use of T&CM among the general population is relatively high in Malaysia and many patients increasingly seek the information on T&CM therapies from medical staffs. Knowledge regarding T&CM was poor in this study because most of the medical staffs have not been exposed to T&CM education. This interesting scenario between poor knowledge and high positive perception on health education in T&CM shows the demand of urgent intervention in educating the medical staffs. We recommend that medical staffs must have some basic education and knowledge about T&CM before they could offer advice to their patients. Doctors are of the utmost important in this regard because they play a very important role in patient care. Providing T&CM education to medical staff may help to integrate T&CM into the mainstream medicine.

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