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Efficacy of Biodentine and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in Primary Molar Pulpotomies-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Nagendrababu V, Pulikkotil SJ, Veettil SK, Jinatongthai P, Gutmann JL

J Evid Based Dent Pract, 2019 03;19(1):17-27.
PMID: 30926099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2018.05.002

OBJECTIVES: Pulpotomy is the favored treatment for pulp exposure in carious primary teeth. This review aimed to compare the success rates of biodentine (BD) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) pulpotomies in primary molars using meta-analysis (MA) and trial sequential analysis (TSA) and also to assess the quality of the results by Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).
METHODS: PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Scopus databases were searched. Additional searching was performed in clinical trial registry, reference lists of systematic reviews, and textbooks. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published in the English language through October 2017 comparing the success of pulpotomies in vital primary molars with a follow-up of at least 6 months were selected. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed. MA by random effects model, TSA, and GRADE were performed.
RESULTS: Eight RCTs (n = 474) were included. Two RCTs had low risk of bias. No significant difference was observed between MTA and BD in clinical success at 6 months (risk ratio [RR], 1.00; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.97-1.02; I2 = 0%), 12 months (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.96-1.05; I2 = 0%), and 18 months (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.93-1.08; I2 = 0%). No difference was observed in radiographic success at follow-up of 6 months (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.96-1.02; I2 = 0%), 12 months (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.47-2.21; I2 = 0%), and 18 months (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.91-1.15; I2 = 0%). TSA indicated lack of firm evidence for the results of the meta-analytic outcomes on clinical and radiographic success. GRADE assessed the evidence from the MA comparing the effect of MTA and BD in pulpotomy to be of low quality.
CONCLUSION: BD and MTA have similar clinical and radiographic success rates based on limited and low-quality evidence. Future high-quality RCTs between MTA and BD is required to confirm the evidence.

Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Compounds*
Modulation of implants PEEK to composite resin shear bond strength and surface roughness on pre-treatment with contemporary air abrasion techniques vs photodynamic therapy vs conventional diamond grit bur

Qamar Z, Zeeshan T, Alqahtani WMS, Alanazi A, Khalid Aqeel Almejlad N, Ahmed Khan T, et al.

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2023 Sep;43:103689.
PMID: 37414110 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103689

AIM: The chief aim of the study was to determine/equate the surface roughness (SRa) and shear bond strength (BS) of pretreated PEEK discs with contemporary air abrasion techniques, photodynamic (PD) therapy by curcumin photosensitizer (PS) and conventional diamond grit straight fissure bur adhered to the composite resin discs.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: Two hundred discs of PEEK were prepared of 6 mm × 2 mm × 10 mm dimension. The discs were randomly divided into five groups (n = 40) for treatment, Group I: treatment with deionized distilled water (control group); Group II: PD therapy using curcumin PS; Group III: discs treated and abraded with air-borne particles (ABP) silica (30 μm particle size) modified alumina (Al); Group IV: ABP of alumina (110 μm particle size); and Group V: The PEEK were finished with 600-μm grit size straight diamond cutting bur installed in high speed hand-piece. The surface profilometer was used to evaluate the values of surface roughness (SRa) of pretreated PEEK discs. The discs were luted and bonded to discs of composite resin. The bonded PEEK samples were placed in Universal testing machine to evaluate shear BS. The type of BS failure for PEEK discs pre-treated with five regimes respectively was evaluated under stereo-microscope. The data was statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the comparisons between mean values of shear BS were evaluated by Tukey's test (ρ≤0.05).
RESULTS: The PEEK samples pre-treated with diamond cutting straight fissure burs displayed statistically significant highest value of SRa values (3.258± 0.785 µm). Similarly, the shear BS was observed to be higher for the PEEK discs pre-treated with straight fissure bur (22.37±0.78 MPa). A comparable difference but not statistically significant difference was observed between PEEK discs pre-treated by curcumin PS and ABP-silica modified alumina (ρ ≥ 0.05).
CONCLUSION: PEEK discs pre-treated with diamond grit straight fissure bur displayed highest values of SRa and shear BS. It was trailed by ABP-Al pre-treated discs; whereas the SRa and shear BS values for the discs pre-treated with ABP-silica modified Al and curcumin PS did not show competitive difference.

Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Oxide/chemistry
Controls on foliar aluminium accumulation among populations of the tropical shrub Melastoma malabathricum L. (Melastomataceae)

Khairil M, Burslem DFRP

Tree Physiol, 2018 11 01;38(11):1752-1760.
PMID: 30137635 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy082

Aluminium (Al) accumulation is a common trait expressed in at least 60 plant families and particularly prevalent in tropical woody plants. However, the functional significance and genetic or physiological controls on Al accumulation are currently unknown. We tested the hypothesis that differential expression of Al accumulation among wild populations of the Al-accumulating tropical shrub Melastoma malabathricum L. is associated with habitat-related variation in total and exchangeable soil Al concentrations. Mature leaves and seeds were sampled from 20 populations of M. malabathricum growing in six habitats across Peninsular Malaysia, and soil was collected from each site. The seeds were grown in hydroponic solutions comprising 50% Hoagland's solution amended with Al in the form of 1.0 mM AlCl3 to test the hypothesis that differential expression of foliar Al accumulation is an inherited trait. Foliar Al concentrations varied significantly among populations, but were not consistently different among plants growing in different habitats and showed no relationship to total or exchangeable Al concentrations in soils collected at the 20 sites. Mean foliar Al concentration in wild plants was positively correlated with foliar calcium (Ca) concentrations, and with total soil nitrogen (N), Ca and magnesium (Mg) concentrations, across the 20 populations, and Al addition increased foliar concentrations of phosphorus, Ca, Mg and potassium in seedlings. The differential expression of Al accumulation in M. malabathricum populations is uncoupled to local variation in soil Al concentrations, but may be sensitive to local soil-related variation in the availability of other macro-nutrients, in particular N, Ca and Mg. Further research on the factors controlling Al uptake should focus on the plasticity of this trait within populations of Al accumulators and interactions with micro-habitat variation in the availability of the macronutrient cations.

Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum; Aluminum Compounds
Designing Calcium Silicate Cements with On-Demand Properties for Precision Endodontics

Cahyanto A, Rath P, Teo TX, Tong SS, Malhotra R, Cavalcanti BN, et al.

J Dent Res, 2023 Dec;102(13):1425-1433.
PMID: 37861249 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231198185

Calcium silicate (C3S) cements are available in kits that do not account for patients' specific needs or clinicians' preferences regarding setting time, radiopacity, mechanical, and handling properties. Moreover, slight variations in powder components and liquid content affect cement's properties and bioactivity. Unfortunately, it is virtually impossible to optimize several cement properties simultaneously via the traditional "one variable at a time" strategy, as inputs often induce trade-offs in properties (e.g., a higher water-to-powder ratio [W/P] increases flowability but decreases mechanical properties). Herein, we used Taguchi's methods and genetic algorithms (GAs) to simultaneously analyze the effect of multiple inputs (e.g., powder composition, radiopacifier concentration, and W/P) on setting time, pH, flowability, diametral tensile strength, and radiopacity, as well as prescribe recipes to produce cements with predicted properties. The properties of cements designed with GAs were experimentally tested, and the results matched the predictions. Finally, we show that the cements increased the genetic expression of odonto/osteogenic genes, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization potential of dental pulp stem cells. Hence, GAs can produce cements with tailor-made properties and differentiation potential for personalized endodontic treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Compounds/chemistry
Tailoring structural and optical properties of Cu(II)-induced MgAl2O4 nanoparticles and their response to toxic dyes under solar illumination

Javed M, Akbar N, Khan AA, Masood A, Ahmed N, Khan MJ, et al.

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2024 Aug;31(40):53532-53551.
PMID: 39192152 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34753-1

Worldwide environmental challenges pose critical problems with the growth of the global economy. Addressing these issues requires the development of an eco-friendly and sustainable catalyst for degrading organic dye pollutants. In this study, copper-doped magnesium aluminates (CuxMg1-xAl2O4) with x = 0.0-0.8 were synthesized using a citrate-based combustion route. The inclusion of Cu(II) significantly impacted the structural, microstructural, optical, and photocatalytic activity of the catalyst. Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction powder profiles revealed single-phase spinels crystallized in the face-centered cubic unit cell with Fd 3 ¯ m space group. Chemical states of the ions, surface morphology, and elemental investigation were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. UV-visible and diffuse reflectance spectroscopies confirmed the reduction of the band gap due to Cu(II) doping, validated by first-principle investigations using the WIEN2k code. The catalyst with x = 0.8 showed higher photocatalytic efficacy (90% and 93%) for removing two azo organic dye pollutants, rhodamine B and methyl orange, respectively, within 120 min. Degradation kinetics followed a pseudo-first-order mechanism. The doped (0.8) sample was structurally and morphologically stable and reusable under visible irradiation, retaining performance after three runs. Scavenger studies confirmed hydroxyl and superoxide radicals' involvement in the degradation. This work presents an effective approach to enhancing CuxMg1-xAl2O4 catalysts' photodegradation performance, with potential applications in pharmaceuticals and wastewater remediation.

Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Oxide/chemistry
Fulltext Adsorption of DDT and PCB by Nanomaterials from Residual Soil

Taha MR, Mobasser S

PLoS One, 2015;10(12):e0144071.
PMID: 26659225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144071

This paper presents the findings of a study on adsorption of dichlorodiphenythreechloroethen (DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on three nanomaterials including Multi walled Carbon Nanotube (MWNT), nano-clay and nano-alumina. DDT and PCBs are of significant concern due their high toxicity and long environmental half-lives. Experiments were conducted using batch adsorption procedures at different DDT and PCBs concentrations, from 10 to 60 mg/L. The amounts of MWNT, nano-clay and Nano-alumina used were 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1%, 2% and 10%. The adsorption of PCBs solution onto the MWNT, nano-clay and nano-alumina was characterized by an initial rapid adsorption which eventually became constant within 22, 20, and 17 hours, respectively. The adsorption of DDT solution onto the MWNT, nano-clay and nano-alumina was also characterized by an initial rapid adsorption which gradually became constant within 22, 22 and 16 hours, respectively. Results of this study indicated that MWNT was a better adsorbent material compared to nano-clay and nano-alumina for both contaminants in this study. While at 10% of MWNT 88.9% and 77% of DDT and PCB were removed by MWNT, respectively. The effect of pH and temperature were also investigated.

Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Oxide/chemistry; Aluminum Silicates/chemistry
A survey of some metallographic etching reagents for restoration of obliterated engraved marks on aluminium-silicon alloy surfaces

Uli N, Kuppuswamy R, Amran MF

Forensic Sci Int, 2011 May 20;208(1-3):66-73.
PMID: 21145675 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.11.005

A brief survey to assess the sensitivity and efficacy of some common etching reagents for revealing obliterated engraved marks on Al-Si alloy surfaces is presented. Experimental observations have recommended use of alternate swabbing of 10% NaOH and 10% HNO(3) on the obliterated surfaces for obtaining the desired results. The NaOH etchant responsible for bringing back the original marks resulted in the deposition of some dark coating that has masked the recovered marks. The coating had been well removed by dissolving it in HNO(3) containing 10-20% acid. However, the above etching procedure was not effective on aluminium (99% purity) and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy surfaces. Also the two reagents (i) immersion in 10% aq. phosphoric acid and (ii) alternate swabbing of 60% HCl and 40% NaOH suggested earlier for high strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys [23] were quite ineffective on Al-Si alloys. Thus different aluminium alloys needed different etching treatments for successfully restoring the obliterated marks. Al-Si alloys used in casting find wide applications especially in the manufacture of engine blocks of motor vehicles. Hence, the results presented in this paper are of much relevance in serial number restoration problems involving this alloy.

Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum
Revealing obliterated engraved marks on high strength aluminium alloy (AA7010) surfaces by etching technique

Bong YU, Kuppuswamy R

Forensic Sci Int, 2010 Feb 25;195(1-3):86-92.
PMID: 20022189 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.11.018

Restoration of obliterated engraved marks on high strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy (AA7010) surfaces by etching technique was studied. The alloy surfaces were mechanically engraved with some identification marks using "Gravograph". The marks were then erased by removing the metal to different levels up to and below the depth of engraving. Five metallographic reagents were tested on the obliterated surfaces by etching. The following two methods (i) immersion in 10% aq. phosphoric acid and (ii) alternate swabbing of 60% HCl and 40% NaOH were found to be quite effective to reveal the obliterated marks. These two procedures were also able to show effectively the marks obliterated by over-engraving and centre punching. Of the two techniques immersion in phosphoric acid provided more contrast. Interestingly, alternate swabbing of 60% HCl and 40% NaOH presented itself to be the common reagent for restoration on pure aluminium as well as its alloy surfaces. This is evident from our own current experiments and those of earlier researchers [G. Peeler, S. Gutowski, H. Wrobel, G. Dower, The restoration of impressed characters on aluminium alloy motor cycle frames, J. Forensic Ident. 58 (1) (2008) 27-32; M. Izhar M. Baharum, R. Kuppuswamy, A.A. Rahman, Restoration of engraved marks on aluminium surfaces by etching technique, Forensic Sci. Int. 177 (2008) 221-227]. The findings have assumed importance as engines and chassis of cars and frames of firearms are currently made of high strength aluminium alloys and recovery on these surfaces by current methods is not satisfactory.

Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum
Incorporation of sewage sludge in clay brick and its characterization

Liew AG, Idris A, Wong CH, Samad AA, Noor MJ, Baki AM

Waste Manag Res, 2004 Aug;22(4):226-33.
PMID: 15462329

This study reports the use of sewage sludge generated from sewage treatment plant (STP) as raw material in a clay brick-making process. The physico-chemical and mineralogical characterization of the sewage sludge and clay were carried out in order to identify the major technological constraints and to define the sludge pretreatment requirements if necessary. Moreover, the effects on processing conditions and/or on changes of typical final characteristics are also evaluated. Bricks were produced with sewage sludge additions ranging from 10 to 40% by dry weight. The texture and finishing of the surface of sludge-amended clay bricks were rather poor. As for the physical and chemical properties, bricks with a sludge content of up to 40 wt.% were capable of meeting the relevant technical standards. However, bricks with more than 30 wt.% sludge addition are not recommended for use since they are brittle and easily broken even when handled gently. A tendency for a general degradation of brick properties with sludge additions was observed due to its refractory nature. Therefore, sludge bricks of this nature are only suitable for use as common bricks, which are normally not exposed to view, because of poor surface finishing.

Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Silicates
Fulltext Microstructural, Tribology and Corrosion Properties of Optimized Fe3O4-SiC Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Hybrid Nano Filler Composite Fabricated through Powder Metallurgy Method

Ashrafi N, Azmah Hanim MA, Sarraf M, Sulaiman S, Hong TS

Materials (Basel), 2020 Sep 15;13(18).
PMID: 32942621 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184090

Hybrid reinforcement's novel composite (Al-Fe3O4-SiC) via powder metallurgy method was successfully fabricated. In this study, the aim was to define the influence of SiC-Fe3O4 nanoparticles on microstructure, mechanical, tribology, and corrosion properties of the composite. Various researchers confirmed that aluminum matrix composite (AMC) is an excellent multifunctional lightweight material with remarkable properties. However, to improve the wear resistance in high-performance tribological application, hardening and developing corrosion resistance was needed; thus, an optimized hybrid reinforcement of particulates (SiC-Fe3O4) into an aluminum matrix was explored. Based on obtained results, the density and hardness were 2.69 g/cm3, 91 HV for Al-30Fe3O4-20SiC, after the sintering process. Coefficient of friction (COF) was decreased after adding Fe3O4 and SiC hybrid composite in tribology behaviors, and the lowest COF was 0.412 for Al-30Fe3O4-20SiC. The corrosion protection efficiency increased from 88.07%, 90.91%, and 99.83% for Al-30Fe3O4, Al-15Fe3O4-30SiC, and Al-30Fe3O4-20SiC samples, respectively. Hence, the addition of this reinforcement (Al-Fe3O4-SiC) to the composite shows a positive outcome toward corrosion resistance (lower corrosion rate), in order to increase the durability and life span of material during operation. The accomplished results indicated that, by increasing the weight percentage of SiC-Fe3O4, it had improved the mechanical properties, tribology, and corrosion resistance in aluminum matrix. After comparing all samples, we then selected Al-30Fe3O4-20SiC as an optimized composite.

Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum
Fulltext Modeling the Physical Properties of Gamma Alumina Catalyst Carrier Based on an Artificial Neural Network

Majdi HS, Saud AN, Saud SN

Materials (Basel), 2019 May 29;12(11).
PMID: 31146451 DOI: 10.3390/ma12111752

Porous γ-alumina is widely used as a catalyst carrier due to its chemical properties. These properties are strongly correlated with the physical properties of the material, such as porosity, density, shrinkage, and surface area. This study presents a technique that is less time consuming than other techniques to predict the values of the above-mentioned physical properties of porous γ-alumina via an artificial neural network (ANN) numerical model. The experimental data that was implemented was determined based on 30 samples that varied in terms of sintering temperature, yeast concentration, and socking time. Of the 30 experimental samples, 25 samples were used for training purposes, while the other five samples were used for the execution of the experimental procedure. The results showed that the prediction and experimental data were in good agreement, and it was concluded that the proposed model is proficient at providing high accuracy estimation data derived from any complex analytical equation.

Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Oxide
The structure of alkyl ester sulfonate surfactant micelles: The impact of different valence electrolytes and surfactant structure on micelle growth

Wang Z, Li P, Ma K, Chen Y, Penfold J, Thomas RK, et al.

J Colloid Interface Sci, 2019 Sep 05;557:124-134.
PMID: 31518834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.09.016

The ester sulfonate anionic surfactants are a potentially valuable class of sustainable surfactants. The micellar growth, associated rheological changes, and the onset of precipitation are important consequences of the addition of electrolyte and especially multi-valent electrolytes in anionic surfactants. Small angle neutron scattering, SANS, has been used to investigate the self-assembly and the impact of different valence electrolytes on the self-assembly of a range of ester sulfonate surfactants with subtly different molecular structures. The results show that in the absence of electrolyte small globular micelles form, and in the presence of NaCl, and AlCl3 relatively modest micellar growth occurs before the onset of precipitation. The micellar growth is more pronounced for the longer unbranched and branched alkyl chain lengths. Whereas changing the headgroup geometry from methyl ester to ethyl ester has in general a less profound impact. The study highlights the importance of relative counterion binding strengths and shows how the surfactant structure affects the counterion binding and hence the micelle structure. The results have important consequences for the response of such surfactants to different operational environments.

Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Compounds
Dehydrogenation Properties and Catalytic Mechanism of the K2NiF6-Doped NaAlH4 System

Mustafa NS, Yahya MS, Sazelee N, Ali NA, Ismail M

ACS Omega, 2018 Dec 31;3(12):17100-17107.
PMID: 31458330 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02281

The K2NiF6 catalytic effect on the NaAlH4 dehydrogenation properties was studied in this work. The desorption temperature was studied using temperature-programmed desorption and exhibited a lower onset hydrogen release after doped with different wt % of K2NiF6 (5, 10, 15 and 20 wt %). It was found that the NaAlH4 doped with 5 wt % K2NiF6 showed the optimal value that can reduce the onset desorption temperature of about 160 °C compared to 190 °C for the milled NaAlH4. The NaAlH4 + 5 wt % K2NiF6 sample showed faster desorption kinetics where 1.5 wt % of hydrogen was released in 30 min at 150 °C. In contrast, the milled NaAlH4 only released about 0.2 wt % within the same time and temperature. From the Kissinger analysis, the apparent activation energy was 114.7 kJ/mol for the milled NaAlH4 and 89.9 kJ/mol for the NaAlH4-doped 5 wt % K2NiF6, indicating that the addition of K2NiF6 reduced the activation energy for hydrogen desorption of NaAlH4. It is deduced that the new phases of AlNi, NaF, and KH that were formed in situ during the dehydrogenation process are the key factors for the improvement of dehydrogenation properties of NaAlH4.

Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Compounds
Fulltext Dataset on structure and mechanical properties of electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous mesh reinforced by halloysite nanotubes

Goh KL, Makaremi M, Pasbakhsh P, De Silva R, Zivkovic V

Data Brief, 2018 Dec;21:2170-2178.
PMID: 30555856 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.11.039

The mechanical properties of electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based membranes for ultrafiltration, such as oil-water separation and heavy metals from water, are often characterised in the dry state but little is known about the membrane properties in the hydrated state. This dataset comprised mechanical properties and structure-related properties of electrospun PAN-based membranes. The mechanical dataset described the yield strength and strain, stiffness, resilience energy, fracture strength, strain at fracture and fracture toughness of electrospun neat PAN and halloysite nanotube (HNT) reinforced PAN membranes in both hydrated and dry states. The data related to the hydrated state were derived from direct measurements of the mechanical properties of the PAN-based membrane using a novel environmental micromechanical tester. The structure-related dataset comprised electron micrographs and quantitative measurements (fibre diameter and pore diameter) derived from the micrographs. For further interpretation and discussion of the dataset, the reader is referred to the research data article, "Direct measurement of the elasticity and fracture properties of electrospun polyacrylonitrile/halloysite fibrous mesh in water" (Govindasamy et al., 2014).

Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Silicates
Fulltext Strain-Reduced Micro-LEDs Grown Directly Using Partitioned Growth

Lu S, Zhang Y, Zhang ZH, Tsai PC, Zhang X, Tan ST, et al.

Front Chem, 2021;9:639023.
PMID: 33816438 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.639023

Strain-reduced micro-LEDs in 50 μm × 50 μm, 100 μm × 100 μm, 200 μm × 200 μm, 500 μm × 500 μm, and 1,000 μm × 1,000 μm sizes were grown on a patterned c-plane sapphire substrate using partitioned growth with the metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique. The size effect on the optical properties and the indium concentration for the quantum wells were studied experimentally. Here, we revealed that the optical properties can be improved by decreasing the chip size (from 1,000 to 100 µm), which can correspondingly reduce the in-plane compressive stress. However, when the chip size is further reduced to 50 μm × 50 μm, the benefit of strain release is overridden by additional defects induced by the higher indium incorporation in the quantum wells and the efficiency of the device decreases. The underlying mechanisms of the changing output power are uncovered based on different methods of characterization. This work shows the rules of thumb to achieve optimal power performance for strain-reduced micro-LEDs through the proposed partitioned growth process.

Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Oxide
Fulltext Assessments of Process Parameters on Cutting Force and Surface Roughness during Drilling of AA7075/TiB2 In Situ Composite

Parasuraman S, Elamvazuthi I, Kanagaraj G, Natarajan E, Pugazhenthi A

Materials (Basel), 2021 Mar 31;14(7).
PMID: 33807476 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071726

Reinforced aluminum composites are the basic class of materials for aviation and transport industries. The machinability of these composites is still an issue due to the presence of hard fillers. The current research is aimed to investigate the drilling topographies of AA7075/TiB2 composites. The samples were prepared with 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 wt.% of fillers and experiments were conducted by varying the cutting speed, feed, depth of cut and tool nose radius. The machining forces and surface topographies, the structure of the cutting tool and chip patterns were examined. The maximum cutting force was recorded upon increase in cutting speed because of thermal softening, loss of strength discontinuity and reduction of the built-up-edge. The increased plastic deformation with higher cutting speed resulted in the excess metal chip. In addition, the increase in cutting speed improved the surface roughness due to decrease in material movement. The cutting force was decreased upon high loading of TiB2 due to the deterioration of chips caused by fillers. Further introduction of TiB2 particles above 12 wt.% weakened the composite; however, due to the impact of the microcutting action of the fillers, the surface roughness was improved.

Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum
Fulltext PVC as a potential filter material for ionising radiation

Laila Kalidah Junet, Zafri Azran Abdul Majid, Muhammad Syahmi Che Othaman

International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2017;1(2):101-107.
MyJurnal

Aluminum (Al) is a standard material that has been used as a filter for ionising radiation however for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) there is no solid evidence to support but has been recommended. PVC has been selected as a potential filter material due to it is a long lasting constructing material and very durable, which can be used in a variety of application. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of PVC on entrance surface dose (ESD) values as compare to the standard X-ray filter of Al. The effect of varying thickness of the materials and difference exposure settings were observed and compared to each other. From this study, the percentage difference for both PVC and Al thickness is less than ± 25.00 % shows that PVC has a potential to be used as one of the filter materials due to its ability to reduce the ESD value

Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum
Fulltext Potassium aluminium sulphate (Alum) inhibits growth of human axillary malodor-producing skin flora in vitro

Hassanain Al-Talib, Nur Izzati Syamimi Mohd Nasir, Hafizuddin Yaziz, Nur Fatihah Zulkafli, Nur Aqidah Adani, Ahmad Ikhwan Noor Rashidi, et al.

Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2016;1:59-63.

Axillary malodor is caused by microbial biotransformation of non-smelling molecules present in apocrine secretions, into volatile odorous molecules. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activities of potassium aluminium salts (alum) against four malodor-producing axillary bacterial flora, as an alternative natural product for reducing axillary malodor.

Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum
g-Jitter free convection flow of nanofluid in the three-dimensional stagnation point region

Mohamad Hidayad Ahmad Kamal, Anati Ali, Sharidan Shafie

MATEMATIKA, 2019;35(2):260-270.
MyJurnal

The three dimensional free convection boundary layer flow near a stagnation point region is embedded in viscous nanofluid with the effect of g-jitter is studied in this paper. Copper (Cu) and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) types of water base nanofluid are cho- sen with the constant Prandtl number, Pr=6.2. Based on Tiwari-Das nanofluid model, the boundary layer equation used is converted into a non-dimensional form by adopting non- dimensional variables and is solved numerically by engaging an implicit finite-difference scheme known as Keller-box method. Behaviors of fluid flow such as skin friction and Nusset number are studied by the controlled parameters including oscillation frequency, amplitude of gravity modulation and nanoparticles volume fraction. The reduced skin friction and Nusset number are presented graphically and discussed for different values of principal curvatures ratio at the nodal point. The numerical results shows that, in- crement occurs in the values of Nusset number with the presence of solid nanoparticles together with the values of the skin friction. It is worth mentioning that for the plane stagnation point there is an absence of reduced skin friction along the y-direction where as for axisymmetric stagnation point, the reduced skin friction for both directions are the same. As nanoparticles volume fraction increased, the skin friction increased as well as the Nusset number. The results, indicated that skin frictions of copper are found higher than aluminium oxide.

Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Oxide
Fulltext Surface marker-assisted for orbital navigation surgery: a dry skull study

Nazimi, A.J., Nuraudi Zafirah, A.R., Nur Syaira, I., Izhar, A.A., Muhd Fazlynizam, R.

Medicine & Health, 2020;15(1):237-249.
MyJurnal

Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menerokai kaedah pembantu penanda permukaan terhadap implan orbital untuk pembedahan tulang orbit. Enam tengkorak manusia dewasa kering telah digunakan dalam kajian ini. Implan orbital aluminium yang disediakan secara individu, dengan ketebalan 0.4 mm disediakan untuk lantai orbit secara bilateral. Empat penanda permukaan implan fizikal dari aspek anterior dan posterior implan yang disediakan dan diimbas secara optik. Pemeriksaan pra-pembedahan tomografi berkomputer ‘cone-beam’ (CBCT) diperolehi untuk semua lantai orbit. Data 'Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine' (DICOM) tengkorak diambil, diimport dan direka bentuk dengan format data stereolithografi (STL) implan orbital masing-masing menggunakan iPlan CMF (Versi 3.0, BrainLab, Jerman). Teknik gabungan imej dilakukan untuk setiap tengkorak selepas pembinaan semula dengan pengambilan pos-pembedahan CBCT. Pengukuran berasaskan daripada data tomografi terhadap posisi implant kemudian dinilai di antara kedudukan implan yang direncanakan dan yang direalisasikan dalam satah sagittal dan coronal. Analisa statistik dijalankan menggunakan Statistik Statistik PASW® 18. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa 38 daripada 48 penanda permukaan yang dinilai menunjukkan peningkatan ketinggian kedudukan dalam skala kecil pasca-pembedahan berbanding dengan kedudukan implan orbital maya. Semakan metrik Euclidean menunjukkan perbezaan yang kurang daripada 1.00 mm dalam semua penanda permukaan kecuali pada kawasan lej posterior dan anterior dalam penilaian satah sagittal. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa penempatan penanda permukaan terhadap implant orbit dalam pembedahan navigasi orbit menyumbang kepada kedudukan implan orbital secara konsisten.

Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum

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