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Fulltext Geochemical and organic petrographic characteristics of high bituminous shales from Gurha mine in Rajasthan, NW India

Singh AK, Hakimi MH, Kumar A, Ahmed A, Abidin NSZ, Kinawy M, et al.

Sci Rep, 2020 12 17;10(1):22108.
PMID: 33335176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78906-x

A high bituminous shale horizon from the Gurha mine in the Bikaner sub-basin of the Rajasthan District, NW India, was studied using a collection of geochemical and petrological techniques. This study investigated the nature and environmental conditions of the organic matter and its relation to the unconventional oil-shale resources of the bituminous shale. The analyzed shales have high total organic carbon and total sulfur contents, suggesting that these shale sediments were deposited in a paralic environment under reducing conditions. The dominant presence of organic matter derived from phytoplankton algae suggests warm climatic marine environment, with little connection to freshwater enhancing the growth of algae and other microorganisms. The analyzed bituminous shales have high aquatic-derived alginite organic matters, with low Pr/Ph, Pr/n-C17, and Ph/n-C18 ratios. It is classified as Type II oil-prone kerogen, consistent with high hydrogen index value. Considering the maturity indicators of geochemical Tmax (

Matched MeSH terms: Family Characteristics
Fulltext Job stress and its associated factors among nurses in primary healthcare facilities in Kuala Langat District, Selangor, Malaysia in 2019

Nur Emmy Fizreena Shamsuddin, Huda Zainuddin, Salmiah Md. Said

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(104):104-104.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Job stress is defined as harmful physical, negative, emotional responses that occur when the require-ments of the job do not match the capabilities, resources or needs of the worker. Factors influencing job stress among nurses in primary healthcare in Malaysia are poorly identified. The objective of this study is to assess the job stress score and identify the predictors of job stress among nurses in Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities in Kuala Lan-gat district of Selangor. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted among 216 nurses in PHC facilities of Kuala Langat District. Data collection conducted using self-administered questionnaire adopted and modified from Job Stress Scale, Nursing Stress Scale (NSS) and Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS). Results: There is evidence of job stress with mean score of 28.4(5.5) among nurses in PHC facilities of Kuala Langat District, Selangor, Malaysia. There are association between age, role in organization, duration of services, outside job scope, family size, doing house chores, balance between work and family, balance between work and leisure activities, workload, inadequate preparation, lack of staff support, uncertainty concerning treatment, role conflicts and patients and their families with job stress (p

Matched MeSH terms: Family Characteristics
Gold-Nanohybrid Biosensors for Analyzing Blood Circulating Clinical Biomacromolecules: Current Trend toward Future Remote Digital Monitoring

Letchumanan I, Gopinath SCB, Md Arshad MK, Mohamed Saheed MS, Perumal V, Voon CH, et al.

Crit Rev Anal Chem, 2020 Sep 08.
PMID: 32897761 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1812373

Mortality level is worsening the situation worldwide thru blood diseases and greatly jeopardizes the human health with poor diagnostics. Due to the lack of successful generation of early diagnosis, the survival rate is currently lower. To overcome the present hurdle, new diagnostic methods have been choreographed for blood disease biomarkers analyses with the conjunction of ultra-small ideal gold nanohybrids. Gold-hybrids hold varieties of unique features, such as high biocompatibility, increased surface-to-volume ratio, less-toxicity, ease in electron transfer and have a greater localized surface plasmon resonance. Gold-nanocomposites can be physically hybrid on the sensor surface and functionalize with the biomolecules using appropriate chemical conjugations. Revolutionizing biosensor platform can be prominently linked for the nanocomposite applications in the current research on medical diagnosis. This review encloses the new developments in diagnosing blood biomarkers by utilizing the gold-nanohybrids. Further, the current state-of-the-art and the future envision with digital monitoring for facile telediagnosis were narrated.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Characteristics
Medium chain triglyceride and medium-and long chain triglyceride: metabolism, production, health impacts and its applications - a review

Lee YY, Tang TK, Chan ES, Phuah ET, Lai OM, Tan CP, et al.

Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2021 Jan 22.
PMID: 33480262 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1873729

Structured lipid is a type of modified form of lipid that is "fabricated" with the purpose to improve the nutritional and functional properties of conventional fats and oils derived from animal and plant sources. Such healthier choice of lipid received escalating attention from the public for its capability to manage the rising prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Of which, medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT) and medium-and long-chain triacylglycerol (MLCT) are the few examples of the "new generation" custom-made healthful lipids which are mainly composed of medium chain fatty acid (MCFA). MCT is made up exclusively of MCFA whereas MLCT contains a mixture of MCFA and long chain fatty acid (LCFA), respectively. Attributed by the unique metabolism of MCFA which is rapidly metabolized by the body, MCFA and MCT showed to acquire multiple physiological and functional properties in managing and reversing certain health disorders. Several chemically or enzymatically oils and fats modification processes catalyzed by a biological or chemical catalyst such as acidolysis, interesterification and esterification are adopted to synthesis MCT and MLCT. With their purported health benefits, MCT and MLCT are widely being used as nutraceutical in food and pharmaceutical sectors. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review on MCT and MLCT, with an emphasis on the basic understanding of its structures, properties, unique metabolism; the current status of the touted health benefits; latest routes of production; its up-to-date applications in the different food systems; relevant patents filed and its drawbacks.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Characteristics
Mechanistic insights into carbon dioxide utilization by superoxide ion generated electrochemically in ionic liquid electrolyte

Halilu A, Hayyan M, Aroua MK, Yusoff R, Hizaddin HF

Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2021 Jan 21;23(2):1114-1126.
PMID: 33346756 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04903d

Understanding the reaction mechanism that controls the one-electron electrochemical reduction of oxygen is essential for sustainable use of the superoxide ion (O2˙-) during CO2 conversion. Here, stable generation of O2˙- in butyltrimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [BMAmm+][TFSI-] ionic liquid (IL) was first detected at -0.823 V vs. Ag/AgCl using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The charge transfer coefficient associated with the process was ∼0.503. It was determined that [BMAmm+][TFSI-] is a task-specific IL with a large negative isovalue surface density accrued from the [BMAmm+] cation with negatively charged C(sp2) and C(sp3). Consequently, [BMAmm+][TFSI-] is less susceptible to the nucleophilic effect of O2˙- because only 8.4% O2˙- decay was recorded from 3 h long-term stability analysis. The CV analysis also detected that O2˙- mediated CO2 conversion in [BMAmm+][TFSI-] at -0.806 V vs. Ag/AgCl as seen by the disappearance of the oxidative faradaic current of O2˙-. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) detected the mechanism of O2˙- generation and CO2 conversion in [BMAmm+][TFSI-] for the first time. The EIS parameters in O2 saturated [BMAmm+][TFSI-] were different from those detected in O2/CO2 saturated [BMAmm+][TFSI-] or CO2 saturated [BMAmm+][TFSI-]. This was rationalized to be due to the formation of a [BMAmm+][TFSI-] film on the GC electrode, creating a 2.031 × 10-9 μF cm-2 double-layer capacitance (CDL). Therefore, during the O2˙- generation and CO2 utilization in [BMAmm+][TFSI-], the CDL increased to 5.897 μF cm-2 and 7.763 μF cm-2, respectively. The CO2 in [BMAmm+][TFSI-] was found to be highly unlikely to be electrochemically converted due to the high charge transfer resistance of 6.86 × 1018 kΩ. Subsequently, O2˙- directly mediated the CO2 conversion through a nucleophilic addition reaction pathway. These results offer new and sustainable opportunities for utilizing CO2 by reactive oxygen species in ionic liquid media.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Characteristics
Survey dataset on the level of sustainable consumption of Malaysian households from the perspective of income and consumption expenditure

Rashid NKA, Sulaiman NFC, Anang Z, Possumah BT, Muhamad S, Sa'at NH, et al.

Data Brief, 2021 Apr;35:106743.
PMID: 33553520 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106743

Unsustainable consumption promotes discouraging patterns of consumption with negative impacts on society. It also contributes to inequalities and poverty. Unsustainable patterns of production and consumption undermine development goals in terms of inefficiency and overconsumption. This research explores the level of sustainable consumption of Malaysian households from the perspective of income and consumption expenditure. The analysis is based on cross-sectional data obtained from questionnaires distributed to 635 Malaysian households in eight districts in Terengganu (urban and rural areas) using stratified random sampling. The findings show that the level of sustainable consumption expenditure of Muslim households in Terengganu is still low. Achieving sustainable consumption patterns is more technically and politically complex than changing production patterns because it raises important issues such as human values, equity and lifestyle choices.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Characteristics
Fulltext Arene diazonium saccharin intermediates: a greener and cost-effective alternative method for the preparation of aryl iodide

Zaharani L, Ghaffari Khaligh N, Shahnavaz Z, Rafie Johan M

Turk J Chem, 2020;44(3):535-542.
PMID: 33488175 DOI: 10.3906/kim-2002-26

In the current protocol, the arene diazonium saccharin derivatives were initially produced from various substituted aromatic amines; subsequently, these intermediates were treated with a greener organic iodide for the preparation of the aryl iodide. We tried to choose low-cost, commercially available, biodegradable, recoverable, ecofriendly, and safe reagents and solvents. The arene diazonium saccharin intermediates could be stored in the liquid phase into a refrigerator for a long time with no significant loss activity. The outstanding merits of the current protocol (a) included the partial recovering of saccharin and tetraethylammonium salt, (b) reduce the use of solvents and the reaction steps due to eliminating separation and purification of intermediates, (c) good yield of the sterically hindered substrates, and (d) avoid the generation of heavy metal or corrosive waste.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Characteristics
Fulltext The lived experiences of chronic pain among immigrant Indian-Canadian women: A phenomenological analysis

Mustafa N, Einstein G, MacNeill M, Watt-Watson J

Can J Pain, 2020 Sep 24;4(3):40-50.
PMID: 33987510 DOI: 10.1080/24740527.2020.1768835

Background: Chronic pain is a growing public health concern affecting 1.5 million people in Canada. In particular, it is a concern among the expanding immigrant population, because immigrant groups report higher pain intensity than non-immigrants. In 2011, the Indian population became the largest visible minority group and continues to be the fastest growing. Though the prevalence of chronic pain among Canadian Indians is unknown, research has found a higher prevalence among Indian women than men in India, Malaysia, Singapore, and the United Kingdom, with women reporting more severe pain. An understanding of how pain is experienced by this particular group is therefore important for providing culturally sensitive care.
Aims: This study explores the lived experiences of chronic pain among immigrant Indian women in Canada.
Methods: Thirteen immigrant Indian women participated in one-on-one interviews exploring daily experiences of chronic pain.
Results: Using thematic analysis informed by van Manen's phenomenology of practice, four themes emerged: (1) the body in pain, (2) pain in the context of lived and felt space, (3) pain and relationships, and (4) pain and time. Women revealed that their experiences were shaped by gender roles and expectations enforced through culture. Specifically, a dual gender role was identified after immigration, in which women had to balance traditional household responsibilities of family labor and care alongside employment outside the home, exacerbating pain.
Conclusions: This research uncovers the multifaceted nature of chronic pain and identifies factors within the sociocultural context that may place particular groups of women at greater risk of living with pain.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Characteristics
Fulltext Enhancing food waste biodegradation rate in a food waste biodigester with the synergistic action of hydrolase-producing Bacillus paralicheniformis GRA2 and Bacillus velezensis TAP5 co-culture inoculation

Roslan MAM, Jefri NQUA, Ramlee N, Rahman NAA, Chong NHH, Bunawan H, et al.

Saudi J Biol Sci, 2021 May;28(5):3001-3012.
PMID: 34012331 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.041

Food waste (FW) minimization at the source by using food waste biodigester (FWBs) has a vast potential to lower down the impact of increasing organic fraction in municipal solid waste generation. To this end, this research sought to check the performance of locally isolated hydrolase-producing bacteria (HPB) to improve food waste biodegradation rate. Two under-explored HPB identified as Bacillus paralicheniformis GRA2 and Bacillus velezensis TAP5 were able to produce maximum amylase, cellulase, protease and lipase activities, and demonstrated a significant hydrolase synergy in co-culture fermentation. In vitro biodegradation analysis of both autoclaved and non-autoclaved FW revealed that the HPB inoculation was effective to degrade total solids (>62%), protein (>19%), total fat (>51), total sugar (>86%), reducing sugar (>38%) and starch (>50%) after 8-day incubation. All co-culture treatments were recorded superior to the respective monocultures and the uninoculated control. The results of FW biodegradation using batch-biodigester trial indicated that the 1500 mL and 1000 mL inoculum size of HPB inoculant reached a plateau on the 4th day, with gross biodegradation percentage (GBP) of >85% as compared to control (66.4%). The 1000 mL inoculum was sufficient to achieve the maximum GBP (>90%) of FW after an 8-day biodigestion in a FWB.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Characteristics
Holistic process evaluation of non-conventional palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment technologies: A conceptual and comparative review

Cheng YW, Chong CC, Lam MK, Ayoub M, Cheng CK, Lim JW, et al.

J Hazard Mater, 2021 05 05;409:124964.
PMID: 33418292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124964

Thriving oil palm agroindustry comes at a price of voluminous waste generation, with palm oil mill effluent (POME) as the most cumbersome waste due to its liquid state, high strength, and great discharge volume. In view of incompetent conventional ponding treatment, a voluminous number of publications on non-conventional POME treatments is filed in the Scopus database, mainly working on alternative or polishing POME treatments. In dearth of such comprehensive review, all the non-conventional POME treatments are rigorously reviewed in a conceptual and comparative manner. Herein, non-conventional POME treatments are sorted into the five major routes, viz. biological (bioconversions - aerobic/anaerobic biodegradation), physical (flotation & membrane filtration), chemical (Fenton oxidation), physicochemical (photooxidation, steam reforming, coagulation-flocculation, adsorption, & ultrasonication), and bioelectrochemical (microbial fuel cell) pathways. For aforementioned treatments, the constraints, pros, and cons are qualitatively and quantitatively (with compiled performance data) detailed to indicate their process maturity. Authors recommended (i) bioconversions, adsorption, and steam reforming as primary treatments, (ii) flotation and ultrasonication as pretreatments, (iii) Fenton oxidation, photooxidation, and membrane filtration as polishing treatments, and (iv) microbial fuel cell and coagulation-flocculation as pretreatment or polishing treatment. Life cycle assessments are required to evaluate the environmental, economic, and energy aspects of each process.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Characteristics
Evaluation of potential feedstock for biogas production via anaerobic digestion in Malaysia: kinetic studies and economics analysis

Lim YF, Chan YJ, Abakr YA, Sethu V, Selvarajoo A, Singh A, et al.

Environ Technol, 2021 Feb 18.
PMID: 33502966 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1882587

As the population increases, energy demands continue to rise rapidly. In order to satisfy this increasing energy demand, biogas offers a potential alternative. Biogas is economically viable to be produced through anaerobic digestion (AD) from various biomass feedstocks that are readily available in Malaysia, such as food waste (FW), palm oil mill effluent (POME), garden waste (GW), landfill, sewage sludge (SS) and animal manure. This paper aims to determine the potential feedstocks for biogas production via AD based on their characteristics, methane yield, kinetic studies and economic analysis. POME and FW show the highest methane yield with biogas yields up to 0.50 L/g VS while the lowest is 0.12 L/g VS by landfill leachate. Kinetic study shows that modified Gompertz model fits most of the feedstock with R 2 up to 1 indicating that this model can be used for estimating treatment efficiencies of full-scale reactors and performing scale-up analysis. The economic analysis shows that POME has the shortest payback period (PBP), highest internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV). However, it has already been well explored, with 93% of biogas plants in Malaysia using POME as feedstock. The FW generation rate in Malaysia is approximately 15,000 tonnes per day, at the same time FW as the second place shows potential to have a PBP of 5.4 years and 13.3% IRR, which is close to the results achieved with POME. This makes FW suitable to be used as the feedstock for biogas production.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Characteristics
Fulltext Gender Socialisation and its Relation to Women’s Work and Family Conflict

NWANESI PETER KARUBI, ELAINE CHAI YEE NING

Trends in Undergraduate Research, 2018;1(1):0-0.
MyJurnal

This article examines the impact of gender socialization in Malaysian families, especially on daughters regarding their perception towards work inside and outside the home. Hence, this study utilized in-depth interview as part of the qualitative methods to obtain quality data needed. The study establishes, that patriarchy environment, especially one with the classic model of ‘breadwinner father, housewife mother’ creates a pressure on women to bear more household responsibility. Thus, the dominant gender ideologies are entangled with ‘motherhood mandate’ and ‘superior feminine virtue’ that is associated with the reason women left the labour force. It was equally necessary to point out here that other agents of socialization such as media, peers and education played its part as well and influenced the respondent’s conformity to patriarchal values.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Characteristics
Controlled Synthesis of Well-Aligned and Highly Ordered TiO₂ Nanotubes Without Bundling for Enhanced Solar-Powered Photoelectrochemical Responses

Lai CW, Lau KS, Chou PM

J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2019 Dec 01;19(12):7934-7942.
PMID: 31196312 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2019.16777

Using solar-powered water electrolysis systems for hydrogen generation is a key decision for the development of a sustainable hydrogen economy. A facile approach is presented in the present investigation to improve the solar-powered photoelectrochemical performance of water electrolysis systems by synthesising well-aligned and highly ordered TiO₂ nanotube films without bundling through the electrochemical anodisation technique. Herein, geometrical calculations were conducted for all synthesised TiO₂ nanotubes, and determination of the aspect ratio (AR) and geometric surface area factor (G) was achieved. On the basis of the collected data, well-aligned TiO₂ nanotubes with an AR of approximately 60 and G of approximately 400 m² ·g-1 were successfully formed in an electrolyte mixture of ethylene glycol with 0.3 wt% NH4F and 5 wt% H₂O₂ at 40 V for 60 min. The nanotubes were subsequently annealed at 400 °C to form anatase-phase TiO₂ nanotube films. The resultant well-aligned and highly ordered TiO₂ nanotube films exhibited a photocurrent density of 1.5 mA · cm-2 due to a large number of photo-induced electrons moving along the tube axis and perpendicular to the Ti substrate, which greatly reduces interfacial recombination losses.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Characteristics
Plasmodium falciparum protein kinase as a potential therapeutic target for antimalarial drugs development

Mahmud F, Lee PC, Abdul Wahab H, Mustaffa KMF, Leow CH, Azhar R, et al.

Trop Biomed, 2020 Sep 01;37(3):822-841.
PMID: 33612795 DOI: 10.47665/tb.37.3.822

Malaria is one of the most dangerous infectious diseases due to its high infection and mortality rates, especially in the tropical belt. Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum), the most virulent malaria parasite in humans, was recently reported to develop resistance against the final efficient antimalarial drug, artemisinin. Little is known about the resistance mechanisms, which further complicates the problem as a proper counteraction is unable to be taken. Hence, the understanding of drug mode of action and its molecular target is valuable knowledge that needs to be considered to develop the next generation of antimalarial drugs. P. falciparum protein kinase (Pf PK) is an attractive target for antimalarial chemotherapy due to its vital roles in all P. falciparum life stages. Moreover, overall structural differences and the presence of unique Pf PKs that are absent in human kinome, suggesting specific inhibition of Pf PK without affecting human cells is achievable. To date, at least 86 eukaryotic protein kinases have been identified in P. falciparum kinome, by which less than 40 were validated as potential targets at the erythrocytes stage. In this review, recent progress of the furthest validated Pf PKs; Pf Nek-1, Pf CDPK1, Pf CDPK4, Pf PKG, and Pf CLK-3 will be briefly discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Characteristics
Fulltext Impacts of gender bias

Khalib, A.L., Suriyati, A.A.

Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2007;13(1):1-10.
MyJurnal

Gender bias are most obvious in the distribution of income and wealth. This reflects women’s unequal position in the labour market , their less favorable treatment in most social security systems and their lower status within the household. Discrimination against women is also evident in the political sphere. Their access to power is not commensurate with their numbers, their needs or their contributions as citizens. As well as affecting women’s physical and mental health, gender bias also affect the quality of the services they receive. In most developed countries, women are offered equal access to basic health care. However their use of those service may be hindered by a number of gender related factors which are likely to affect poor women in particular. In health organization, gender bias gives significant impact to the evaluation of staff performance, increase stress level and miscommunication. It is also influence the leadership style and also can create ‘glass ceiling’ phenomenon. Job dissatisfaction , absenteeism and high turn over are also the consequences of gender bias. Alongside the development of gender sensitive methods of routine data collection, gender bias in health research will also need to be addressed. Most biomedical research continues to be based on the unstated assumption that women and men are physiologically similar in all respects apart from their reproductive systems. Other biological differences are ignored, as are the social/gender differences that have such a major impact on health.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Characteristics
Fulltext Effect of intervention on pap smear screening among rural women in Kota Bharu, Kelantan

Asmani AR, Aziah D, Group 8

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2006;6(1):38-43.
MyJurnal

Cervical cancer is preventable by detecting precancerous states through Pap smear screening, followed by appropriate treatment. In Malaysia, even with a high incidence of cervical cancer and accessible screening program, the uptake of Pap smear screening was still low. Lack of knowledge, embarrassment, fear for the test and results are the factors reducing participation. The aim of this study was to determine the change in knowledge and attitude regarding the Pap smear screening as well as knowledge on cervical cancer among women in Mukim ]aya Setia after educational intervention. A community trial was conducted in August 2005 where 80 women were randomly selected. The women were interviewed for assessment prior to the intervention, using a set of structured questionnaire. The women underwent educational intervention programmes on cervical cancer and Pap smear screening. After a week, the women were re-assessed using the same set of questionnaire for their post intervention knowledge and attitudes. Scores were given for each answer, which were totaled and analyzed. The mean (SD) age was 41.1 (10.37) years. Most were housewives (87.5%), within the low income group (91.2%), of less than RM 1000.00 income per household. Most of the women received their education up to the secondary level only (97.5%). Despite their poor economic status, most of them had more than three children (68.8%). There was a significant improvement in knowledge of Pap smear (mean difference= 4.3, 95% CI= 3.55, 5.10) and cervical cancer (mean difference= 10.7, 95% CI= 10.03, 11.37) as well as attitude to Pap smear (mean difference= 7.1, 95% CI= 5.72, 8.47) after educational intervention. The knowledge and attitudes towards Pap smear screening as well as knowledge on cervical cancer among rural women in Mukim ]aya Setia, Kota Bharu improved after educational intervention.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Characteristics
Fulltext Becoming a Mother and the Impact of Ill Health on Children

Manveen, K.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2011;20(1):1-3.
MyJurnal

Depression is usually discussed as an adult problem; however there is a need to recognize it being a significant problem for children. Rarely is depression focused on how it affects parenting and child outcomes, particularly for young children.Often women are victims of violence, and the devastating effects of depression are significant in such households. However one must not ignore, the effect depression has on parenting, where in these contexts, women themselves, become the perpetrators of violence. When mothers are not well-2 central parental functions are threatened: the ability to foster healthy relationships and to carry out the practical functions of parenting2.When this is not carried out, one sees obvious reductions in young children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social and emotional functioning. Neuroscience is clearly evident that the primary ingredient for healthy early brain development is the quality of the earliest relationships from a baby’s primary caregiver.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Characteristics
Fulltext Perception of individuals in farming sector towards health care services in the implementation of the new national health financing scheme

Azimatun Noor, A., Mohd Rizal, A.M., Rozital, H., Aljunid, S.M.

Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2009;15(1):16-20.
MyJurnal

Introduction : Limited access to health services, variations in quality of health care and pressure to contain escalation of health care cost are problems in health care systems that are faced by all the societies in the world especially in developing countries. There is an urgent need to conduct a study to assess perception of individual towards health care services in the new planned National Healthcare Financing Scheme.
Objective : The study objective is to examine the perception towards health care services among the farming community and to assess the willingness to contribute to The New National Health Financing Scheme.
Methods : A cross sectional study involving farmers in the state of Selangor in Peninsular Malaysia was conducted. A total of 400 farmers as the household head were selected using multistage random sampling method.
Results : The respondents’ mean score of perception towards public healthcare services were higher than the respondents’ mean score of perceptions towards private healthcare services except for accessibility and convenience aspects. There was no association between willingness to contribute to The New National Healthcare Financing Scheme and perception towards public healthcare services but there was association between willingness to contribute to The New National Healthcare Financing Scheme and perception towards private healthcare services.
Conclusion : Perception towards healthcare services is an important element in the implementation of The New National Healthcare Financing Scheme as it will determine the willingness of an individual to contribute to it.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Characteristics
Fulltext Amalan perancang keluarga dan faktor hubungkait bagi penduduk wanita daerah Hulu Langat, Selangor

Jamsiah, M., Rahmah, M.A., Sh Ezat, W.P., Shamsul, A.S.

Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2009;15(1):57-63.
MyJurnal

Background : Family planning is a method to control family size and to increase the intervals between chidbirths using multiple methods of contraceptives.
Objectives : This study aims to determine the pravelance of family planning practice among married women (wife less than 55 years old) and its related factors and also to determine the husbands knowledge on family planning and their support.
Methodology : This is a cross sectional study done through direct interviews amongst 118 married couples in Kampung Sesapan Batu Mingkabau, Hulu Langat Selangor.
Results : On family planning practise, 43.2% of couples is currently practising, 22.0% have practiced but stopped and 34.8% have never used any types of family planning methods. As high as 75% of wives received support from their husband to pratice family planning. There is a significant association between family planning practice and wife’s age, husband’s age, wife’s occupation, wife’s education, wife’s knowledge and husband’s support. Husband’s knowledge , number of live children and husband’s education have no significant assocation in influencing family planning practice.
Conclusion : To achieve better knowledge and family planning practises, husband’s involvement and support must be encouraged to ensure the correct informations and support are delivered to both couples. Approach through husbands is regarded as one of the key factors to the success of rural women family planning practice.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Characteristics
Fulltext Pap smear screening practice among women in mukim Jaya Setia, Kelantan

Asmani AR, Aziah D, Group 8

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2007;7(1):20-24.
MyJurnal

Undergoing a Pap smear screening is widely accepted as a costeffective screening for detection of cervical abnormalities. In Peninsular Malaysia, cervical cancer was the second commonest cancer among women with incidence rate of 17.8 per 100,000 populations in 2002. Despite the high incidence of cervical cancer, only 26% of eligible woman had undergone Pap smear screening. To determine the prevalence of Pap smear screening, reasons for not undergoing the screening as well as the associated sociodemographic factors among women in Mukim Jaya Setia, a crass-sectional study was conducted in ]anuary 2005. Two hundred and ninety five from 350 households were randomly selected by using a Random Digit Table. Two hundred and eighty consented married women, aged 18 years and above were interviewed by the trained interviewers using structured
questionnaires. The questionnaires consisted of socio-demographic characteristic, Pap smear screening practice and risk factors of cervical cancer. There were 280 women who responded to the questionnaires. Majority of them were housewives (75%) and with low income (84.3%). Most ofthe women completed their education up to lower secondary school only (95%). Only 144 (51.4%) women undergo Pap smear screening but not on a regular basis. Most of them were screened only once, which was more than 3 years ago. Lack of knowledge, no accommodation, feel unnecessary and shy and no time were among the reasons that deterred the women from Pop smear screening. Women who were younger and with higher education level had more Pap smear screening compared to the older and with low education level. The practices of Pap smear screening among women in these villages were still low and was associated with age and educational level.

Matched MeSH terms: Family Characteristics

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