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Fulltext Nasal airflow of patient with septal deviation and allergy rhinitis

Lim ZF, Rajendran P, Musa MY, Lee CF

Vis Comput Ind Biomed Art, 2021 May 20;4(1):14.
PMID: 34014417 DOI: 10.1186/s42492-021-00080-2

A numerical simulation of a patient's nasal airflow was developed via computational fluid dynamics. Accordingly, computerized tomography scans of a patient with septal deviation and allergic rhinitis were obtained. The three-dimensional (3D) nasal model was designed using InVesalius 3.0, which was then imported to (computer aided 3D interactive application) CATIA V5 for modification, and finally to analysis system (ANSYS) flow oriented logistics upgrade for enterprise networks (FLUENT) to obtain the numerical solution. The velocity contours of the cross-sectional area were analyzed on four main surfaces: the vestibule, nasal valve, middle turbinate, and nasopharynx. The pressure and velocity characteristics were assessed at both laminar and turbulent mass flow rates for both the standardized and the patient's model nasal cavity. The developed model of the patient is approximately half the size of the standardized model; hence, its velocity was approximately two times more than that of the standardized model.

Matched MeSH terms: Nose Deformities, Acquired
Fulltext Unilateral rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis with contralateral endogenous fungal endophthalmitis

Ho HC, Liew OH, Teh SS, Hanizasurana H, Ibrahim M, Shatriah I

Clin Ophthalmol, 2015;9:553-6.
PMID: 25848206 DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S82204

Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is an uncommon but fatal fungal infection. We report a rare case of unilateral ROCM with ipsilateral central retinal artery occlusion and contralateral choroiditis, which later progressed to endogenous fungal endophthalmitis. The patient was successfully treated with sinuses debridement, systemic liposomal amphotericin B, and intravitreal amphotericin B. The endophthalmitis completely resolved with good vision, but the ROCM eye remained blind due to central retinal artery occlusion.

Matched MeSH terms: Nose
Fulltext Non-verbal cues: an inevitable assessing skills in doctor-patient relationship

Khalib, A.L., Madihah, A.B.

Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2010;16(1):33-37.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Non-verbal cues are untold words that carry a significant meaning. As a doctor, this remark needs to be perceived correctly. It is an inevitable communication knowledge and skills ought to be mastered in any doctorpatient relationship, particularly when making patient’s assessment.
Methodology: This was a systematic communication assessment of a real observations on doctor-patient relationship in various setting. It was supported by feedbacks from many scholars who were involved in research and teaching and also reviews, papers and studies on the said subject.
Results: It has been realized that non-verbal communication was equally important and necessary to complement the verbal one. From all non-verbal cues we have recognized and listed, we have identified at least ten to be the most vital areas to be observed while counseling or consulting a patient.
Conclusion: Non-verbal cues were always present to support doctor in making a final conclusion about his/her patient’s state. If doctor was patience enough, he or she could has a complete profile of his/her patient and this would lead to the improvement in a person’s life. Having an observant attitude and being able to nose around appropriately were skills that have to be learnt, experienced and applied as these might make an effective doctor-patient communication.

Matched MeSH terms: Nose
Fulltext Prevalence of eosinophilic/non eosinophillic nasal polyps and analysis of their presentation in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia

Irfan Mohamad, Yahia Hussein Al-Hadeethi, Ramiza Ramza Ramli

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(2):89-92.
MyJurnal

Introduction: This study is aimed to examine the predominant inflammatory cells in nasal polyps (NP) in the
local community and its correlation to the clinical presentations.

Materials and Methods: The study was
done retrospectively looking at patients who had undergone functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in
Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan, Malaysia with a histopathological diagnosis of nasal
polyposis (NP), between the years 2004 to 2008. Sixty two patients between the ages of 18 years to 60 years
old were selected and data relevant to the study were collected from the patient’s folders using a specially
created form prepared for the study. The NP histopathology report from each patient underwent FESS were
analysed and the patients were divided into eosinophilic and non eosinophilic dominant group. Clinical
presentations from each patient were also gathered and analysed according to the NP group.

Results: In
HUSM, there were a higher number of eosinophilic types NP as compared to the neutrophilic type NP which
is contrary to other study conducted on Asian populations. The clinical symptom correlations between either
eosinophilic or non-eosinophilic type of NP have not shown any significant associations.

Conclusion: The
study showed that the incidence of histological subtypes of nasal polyp in HUSM is almost the same as that
found in other parts of the world (Europe and North America) which will reduce the possibility of racial or
geographical influence on the pathogenesis of the nasal polyp. Clinical symptoms and presentation alone are
not enough to differentiate the type of the nasal polyp without the histological study.

Matched MeSH terms: Nose
Fulltext Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in medical students of Universiti Teknologi MARA

Mohd Zain Z, Johari MF, Mohd Husin NS, Rozman NS, Ab Rashid A, Bahanuddin L, et al.

Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2017;2(1):29-34.
MyJurnal

Introduction: To determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage and detection of S. aureus leukotoxins among medical students of Universiti Teknologi MARA. Methods: Both sides of the anterior nares of 136 volunteers, comprising 68 preclinical and 68 clinical medical students, were swabbed and immediately cultured onto mannitol salt agar for growth of S. aureus. Standard microbiological techniques were conducted to identify and confirm the S. aureus colonies and susceptibility test against oxacillin were conducted by using Kirby-Bauer method to determine their resistance to methicillin. Polymerase chain reaction was performed for detection of leukotoxins, i.e., Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) and -haemolysin genes. Results: Nineteen students (14%) consisting of 10 preclinical (14.7%) and 9 clinical (13.2%) were nasal carriers of S. aureus. However, none of the S. aureus isolates were MRSA. No PVL gene was detected but eight of them were positive for -haemolysin gene. Conclusion: There were no MRSA nasal carriers among the medical students, but a low prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriers was detected. These carriers do not pose as high risk because none of the strains of S. aureus possess both the -haemolysin toxin and the PVL toxin that are associated with tissue necrosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Nose
A rare case of large sphenoethmoidal osteoma

Nazli Z, Abdul Fattah AW

Med J Malaysia, 2017 02;72(1):60-61.
PMID: 28255144 MyJurnal

Osteoma is the most common benign tumour of the nose and paranasal sinuses. However, involvement of the sphenoid sinus by osteoma is rare. Most of the time, patients with paranasal sinus osteoma are asymptomatic. However, symptoms may present, depending on the location and extension of the tumour. We report a case of a patient with sphenoethmoidal osteoma found incidentally on imaging, with evidence of impingement onto the optic nerve at the optic canal. However, the patient was asymptomatic. He was surgically treated using the endoscopic transnasal approach.

Matched MeSH terms: Nose
Fulltext Properties of collagen from barramundi (Lates calcarifer) skin

Jamilah, B., Umi Hartina, M.R., Mat Hashim, D., Sazili, A.Q.

International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(2):835-842.
MyJurnal

The properties of collagens from Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) skin obtained by acid solubilized (control), pepsin and papain aided extractions were investigated. The yields of collagens (dry weight basis) for acid solubilized, pepsin and papain aided extractions were 8.1, 43.6 and 44.0%, respectively. The collagens were generally colorless although collagens from the enzymes aided-extractions were slightly darker. Based on the e-nose evaluation, the collagens were considered odorless. The pH of all the collagens was in the vicinity of 3; however, those extracted with papain had significantly higher pH. The polypeptide profiles obtained in the SDS-PAGE analysis for pepsin extracted collagen were similar to those of acid solubilized collagens. Papain extracted collagen had distinctly different SDS-PAGE pattern. All the extracted collagens were of type 1 with apparent peptides molecular weight distribution of 37 to 250 kDalton. They had high solubility in pH 2 to 5 and increasing NaCl concentration up to 6%.

Matched MeSH terms: Electronic Nose
Radiological anatomical variations of the lateral nasal wall and anterior skull base amongst different populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Zahedi FD, Yaacob NM, Wang Y, Abdullah B

Clin Otolaryngol, 2023 Mar;48(2):271-285.
PMID: 35997634 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13975

OBJECTIVES: To determine the anatomical variations of the lateral nasal wall and anterior skull base amongst populations in different geographical regions.
DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS: Using PRISMA guidelines, SCOPUS and PUBMED databases were searched from inception until 1 March 2022. The regions and populations identified were from Europe, Asia, Middle East, Australia-New Zealand-Oceania, South America, North America and Africa. Random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic and Cochran's Q test.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Anatomical variations of the lateral nasal wall and anterior skull base confirmed by computed tomography scan.
RESULTS: Fifty-six articles were included with a total of 11 805 persons. The most common anatomical variation of the ostiomeatal complex was pneumatization of the agger nasi (84.1%), olfactory fossa was Keros type 2 (53.8%) and ethmoids was asymmetry of the roof (42.8%). Sphenoethmoidal and suprabullar cells have a higher prevalence in North Americans (53.7%, 95% CI: 46.00-61.33) while asymmetry of ethmoid roof more common in Middle Easterns (85.5%, 95% CI: .00-100). Bent uncinate process has greater prevalence in Asians while supraorbital ethmoid cells and Keros type 3 more common in non-Asians. The overall studies have substantial heterogeneity and publication bias.
CONCLUSION: Certain anatomic variants are more common in a specific population. The 'approach of analysis' plays a role in the prevalence estimates and consensus should be made in future studies regarding the most appropriate 'approach of analysis' either by persons or by sides.

Matched MeSH terms: Nose
Fulltext Papillomas of the nose and paranasal sinuses: a clincio-pathologic study

Prasad U, Rajamani R

Singapore Med J, 1972 Oct;13(5):239-44.
PMID: 4651729

Papillomas of nose and paranasal sinuses are uncommon tumours. Based on the detailed clinical and
histopathological examination of seven cases of papillomas, the authors would accept and recommend
t~e. su~ested unifying name of transitional cell papilloma for these lesions which may further be sub·
dIvIded onto Type I and Type II. The rationale behind this classification is discussed at length. There is
a greater tendency for Type II papillomas to recur and undergo malignant change. It is suggested that
Type I papillomas be managed by relatively simple surgical procedures whereas Type II cases be dealt with more radically.

Matched MeSH terms: Nose Neoplasms
Diagnostic Value and Clinical Application of Nasal Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Subjects with Allergic Rhinitis

Abdullah Alwi AH, Zahedi FD, Husain S, Wan Hamizan AK, Abdullah B

Am J Rhinol Allergy, 2023 May;37(3):307-312.
PMID: 36537140 DOI: 10.1177/19458924221145084

PURPOSE: Nitric oxide (NO) is a potential marker in the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment for the management of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). The study aimed to determine the value of nasal fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in the diagnosis and treatment response of AR patients.
METHODS: The participants were divided into control and allergic rhinitis groups based on the clinical symptoms and skin prick tests. The AR group was treated with intranasal corticosteroid after the diagnosis. The nasal fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) levels were compared between control and AR groups. In the AR group, the visual analogue scale (VAS), Nasal Obstruction Symptoms Evaluation (NOSE) questionnaire, and nasal fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were assessed pre- and post-treatment.
RESULTS: One hundred ten adults were enrolled. The nasal FeNO level was significantly higher in AR compared to control (p NOSE), both (p

Matched MeSH terms: Nose
Fulltext Transnasal endoscopic repair for bilateral choanal atresia

Abdullah B, Hassan S, Salim R

Malays J Med Sci, 2006 Jul;13(2):61-3.
PMID: 22589606

Choana atresia is a congenital abnormality of the posterior nasal apertures affecting the newborn. The aetiology is considered to be a persistence of the embroyological bucconasal membrane which separates the nasal cavity from the stomatodeum until it breaks down at seventh week, allowing communication through the primitive posterior nares. Bilateral choanal atresia almost always present as a respiratory emergency because newborn babies are obligate nasal breathers. The definitive surgical treatment is repair under general anaesthesia. We report our experience in doing a new technique of transnasal endoscopic repair.

Matched MeSH terms: Nose
Fulltext Primary pterygium in a 7-year-old boy: a report of a rare case and dilemma of its management

Noor RA

Malays J Med Sci, 2003 Jul;10(2):91-2.
PMID: 23386804 MyJurnal

Primary pterygium in children is uncommon but is associated with severe visual problems. Astigmatism is the main visual problem caused by pterygium. Significant amounts of astigmatism occur long before a pterygium encroaches the visual axis. Early surgical intervention is safe and effective. It is associated with significant visual improvement in outcome. This is a case report on seven-year-old Malay boy who presented with a growth over nasal aspect of the right eye of 1 year duration. His right eye visual acuity is affected up to 6/12. The dilemma pased to early surgical interview is the high rate of recurrancean the young age group. This problem is highlighted in this case report.

Matched MeSH terms: Nose
Fulltext A bio-inspired herbal tea flavour assessment technique

Zakaria NZ, Masnan MJ, Zakaria A, Shakaff AY

Sensors (Basel), 2014;14(7):12233-55.
PMID: 25010697 DOI: 10.3390/s140712233

Herbal-based products are becoming a widespread production trend among manufacturers for the domestic and international markets. As the production increases to meet the market demand, it is very crucial for the manufacturer to ensure that their products have met specific criteria and fulfil the intended quality determined by the quality controller. One famous herbal-based product is herbal tea. This paper investigates bio-inspired flavour assessments in a data fusion framework involving an e-nose and e-tongue. The objectives are to attain good classification of different types and brands of herbal tea, classification of different flavour masking effects and finally classification of different concentrations of herbal tea. Two data fusion levels were employed in this research, low level data fusion and intermediate level data fusion. Four classification approaches; LDA, SVM, KNN and PNN were examined in search of the best classifier to achieve the research objectives. In order to evaluate the classifiers' performance, an error estimator based on k-fold cross validation and leave-one-out were applied. Classification based on GC-MS TIC data was also included as a comparison to the classification performance using fusion approaches. Generally, KNN outperformed the other classification techniques for the three flavour assessments in the low level data fusion and intermediate level data fusion. However, the classification results based on GC-MS TIC data are varied.

Matched MeSH terms: Nose/physiology*
Fulltext Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among patients and healthcare workers in a hospital in Kelantan, Malaysia

Al-Talib H, Yean CY, Hasan H, Nik Zuraina NM, Ravichandran M

Pol J Microbiol, 2013;62(1):109-12.
PMID: 23829087

Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage is a common source of nosocomial infection and colonization. The aim of the present study was to assess the burden of methicillin-resistant S. aureus nasal carriage, its association with factors of interest including its genetic relationships. The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was found to be 28.7%. This study showed that patients with a history of previous antibiotic intake, nasogastric tube, and longer hospitalization had a significantly high risk of being MRSA nasal carriers. The genetic relationship of all 34 nasal MRSA isolates revealed four major clusters of isolates, and there was a relationship between MRSA isolated from inpatients and healthcare workers.

Matched MeSH terms: Nose/microbiology*
Fulltext Review of ear, nose and throat foreign bodies in Sarawak General Hospital. A five year experience

Chiun KC, Tang IP, Tan TY, Jong DE

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Feb;67(1):17-20.
PMID: 22582543

OBJECTIVE: Ear, nose and throat foreign bodies are common in ENT clinical practice. This study was designed to establish the local data of otorhinolaryngeal foreign bodies in term of prevalence among paediatric and adult groups, the clinical features, types of foreign body at different sites, and laterality of foreign bodies.
METHOD: This study was carried out at ENT department, Sarawak General Hospital, Malaysia, from 1st January 2005 to 31st December 2009. A total of 1084 cases were included and statistically analyzed.
RESULT: Ear foreign bodies showed the highest incidence which was consisted of 480 (44.3%) cases, followed by nose in 270 (24.9%) cases, pharynx in 251 (23.2%) cases, esophagus in 57 (5.3%) cases and laryngo-tracheobronchial tree in 26 (2.4%) cases. Otorhinolaryngeal foreign bodies occurred more frequently in 0-10 year old age group which constituted 651 (60.1%) cases. The descending order of frequency for foreign body sites in adult was pharynx (17.2%), ear (12.8%), esophagus (3.1%), nose (1.7%) and laryngo-tracheobronchial tree (1.1%). The type of foreign bodies varies with age group and site of foreign body lodgement. In general, common foreign bodies in both adult and children were food related, with the additional of small objects such as plastic toy in paediatric group.
CONCLUSION: Otorhinolaryngeal foreign bodies were found more frequently in children. The types of foreign body were different from age group and sites of foreign body lodgement. The local food constituted the highest incidence of ear, nose, and throat foreign bodies with additional of plastic toys in paediatric group.
Study site: ENT clinic, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Nose*
Fulltext Progressive septal and palatal perforation secondary to intranasal cocaine abuse

Gendeh BS, Ferguson BJ, Johnson JT, Kapadia S

Med J Malaysia, 1998 Dec;53(4):435-8.
PMID: 10971991

Septal perforation from intranasal cocaine abuse is well recognised. We present a case of progressive septal as well as palatal perforation. Progression from septal perforation to palatal perforation occurred after cessation of intranasal cocaine abuse. This patient had a weakly positive cytoplasmic antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (C-ANCA) but no histologic evidence of Wegener's Granulomatosis. The differential diagnosis for septal and palatal perforation is reviewed. This case represents the fifth reported case of palatal perforation secondary to cocaine abuse in the literature, and the second associated with positive C-ANCA.

Matched MeSH terms: Nose Diseases/chemically induced*
Active anterior rhinomanometry analysis in normal adult Malays

Suzina AH, Hamzah M, Samsudin AR

J Laryngol Otol, 2003 Aug;117(8):605-8.
PMID: 12956913

The differences in facial anatomical structures of the major ethnic groups, may also be reflected in nasal resistance. Active anterior rhinomanometry (AAR) is the recommended technique for the objective assessment of nasal airway resistance (NAR). This study comprised of 85 adult Malay subjects. All the subjects had to undergo a primary assessment of relevant symptoms of nasal disease and nasal examination before undergoing AAR assessment. The mean value of total nasal airway resistance (NAR) was 0.19 Pa/cm(3)/s (ranged from 0.09 to 0.55 Pa/cm(3)/s) at 75 Pa pressure point and 0.24 Pa/cm(3)/s (ranged from 0.12 to 0.52 Pa/cm(3)/s) at 150 Pa pressure point. The mean unilateral NAR was 0.46 Pa/cm(3)/s at a reference pressure of 75 Pa and 0.51 Pa/cm(3)/s at a reference pressure of 150 Pa. In this study we presented normal values for NAR in healthy Malay adult subjects. AAR proves to be a valuable clinical method for recording and quantitating nasal resistance.

Matched MeSH terms: Nose/physiology*
A preliminary report on one stage open tip rhinoplasty at the time of lip repair in bilateral cleft lip and palate: the Alor Setar experience

Trott JA, Mohan N

Br J Plast Surg, 1993 Apr;46(3):215-22.
PMID: 8490700

This paper is a preliminary report on a strategy to perform open tip rhinoplasty at the time of lip repair in bilateral cleft lip and palate deformity. This method was devised to suit unique socio-economic circumstances in the Malaysian centre of Alor Setar. Of 8 cases having surgery in 1991, 7 returned for follow-up with results being documented photographically. It is concluded that this aggressive approach is justified in severe bilateral cleft lip and palate deformity because of the cost effectiveness of limiting the number of interventions. Furthermore, it provides optimally orientated nasal tip anatomy and reduces the social stigma of cleft lip nose appearance from the earliest possible time in the child's development.

Matched MeSH terms: Nose/surgery
Antrochoanal polyp--a rare paediatric emergency

Sharma HS, Daud AR

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 1997 Jul 18;41(1):65-70.
PMID: 9279638

An antrochoanal polyp, a common clinical entity, with a rare presentation is being reported. A 12 year old boy was brought to Accident and Emergency department with an unusual sudden presentation of polypoidal mass filling the oral cavity up to his incisors as a result of which he could not swallow and speak. Prior to this episode he had no complaints of the disease. An emergency removal was planned and only during the operation could it be diagnosed as a antrochoanal polyp because of its pedicle in the lateral wall of the nose, which was confirmed by histopathological examination.

Matched MeSH terms: Nose/pathology
Fulltext Antibiotic susceptibility of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus

Tan HS, Ngeow YF, Jamal F

Med J Malaysia, 1986 Mar;41(1):24-9.
PMID: 3796343

55% of a sample of patients in a rural
community, and 76% of a sample of patients and
staff in the local district hospital were found to
be nasal carriers for Staphylococcus aureus. The
in vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns of 46
strains of S. aureus isolated in nasal carriers as
well as of 43 strains in community-acquired skin
infections were characterised. High levels of
resistance were expressed to penicillin (73%),
cephalexin (64%) and tetracycline (46%).
Resistance to erythromycin (18%) was moderate.
A few strains showed resistance to methicillin
(5 isolates), vancomycin (4), [usidic acid (3),
cotrimoxazole (1), and none to gentamicin.
Penicillin can no longer be recommended for
treating community-acquired S. aureus infections.

Matched MeSH terms: Nose/microbiology

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