Displaying publications 101 - 120 of 203 in total

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  1. Fulltext Tryptophan-catabolizing enzymes - party of three
    Ball HJ, Jusof FF, Bakmiwewa SM, Hunt NH, Yuasa HJ
    Front Immunol, 2014;5:485.
    PMID: 25346733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00485
    Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) are tryptophan-degrading enzymes that have independently evolved to catalyze the first step in tryptophan catabolism via the kynurenine pathway (KP). The depletion of tryptophan and formation of KP metabolites modulates the activity of the mammalian immune, reproductive, and central nervous systems. IDO and TDO enzymes can have overlapping or distinct functions depending on their expression patterns. The expression of TDO and IDO enzymes in mammals differs not only by tissue/cellular localization but also by their induction by distinct stimuli. To add to the complexity, these genes also have undergone duplications in some organisms leading to multiple isoforms of IDO or TDO. For example, many vertebrates, including all mammals, have acquired two IDO genes via gene duplication, although the IDO1-like gene has been lost in some lower vertebrate lineages. Gene duplications can allow the homologs to diverge and acquire different properties to the original gene. There is evidence for IDO enzymes having differing enzymatic characteristics, signaling properties, and biological functions. This review analyzes the evolutionary convergence of IDO and TDO enzymes as tryptophan-catabolizing enzymes and the divergent evolution of IDO homologs to generate an enzyme family with diverse characteristics not possessed by TDO enzymes, with an emphasis on the immune system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System
  2. Emerging and re-emerging epidemic encephalitis: a tale of two viruses
    Wong KT
    Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol., 2000 Aug;26(4):313-8.
    PMID: 10931364
    Two major epidemics of viral encephalitis occurred in Asia in 1997 and 1998. The first was a re-emergence of neurovirulent strains of enterovirus 71, which caused severe encephalomyelitis in children in Malaysia, Taiwan and Japan, on a background of hand, foot and mouth disease. Necropsy studies of patients who died of enterovirus 71 infection showed severe perivascular cuffing, parenchymal inflammation and neuronophagia in the spinal cord, brainstem and diencephalon, and in focal areas in the cerebellum and cerebrum. Although no viral inclusions were detected, immunohistochemistry showed viral antigen in the neuronal cytoplasm. Inflammation was often more extensive than neuronal infection, suggesting that other factors, in addition to direct viral cytolysis, may be involved in tissue damage. The second epidemic of viral encephalitis was the result of a novel paramyxovirus called Nipah, which mainly involved pig handlers in Malaysia and Singapore. Pathological evidence suggested that the endothelium of small blood vessels in the central nervous system was particularly susceptible to infection. This led to disseminated endothelial damage and syncytium formation, vasculitis, thrombosis, ischaemia and microinfarction. However, there was also evidence of neuronal infection by the virus and this may also have contributed to the neurological dysfunction in Nipah encephalitis. Some patients who seemed to recover from the acute symptoms have been re-admitted with clinical findings suggestive of relapsing encephalitis. As these two epidemics indicate, the emergence and re-emergence of viral encephalitides continue to pose considerable challenges to the neuropathologist, in establishing the diagnosis and unravelling the pathogenesis of the neurological disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System/blood supply; Central Nervous System/pathology; Central Nervous System/virology
  3. Growing dural sinus malformation with associated developmental venous anomaly, multiple cavernomas and facial venous malformation in an infant. An associated disease or a disease spectrum?
    Mohamed Z, Batista LL, Sachet M, Mahadevan J, Alvarez H, Lasjaunias P
    Interv Neuroradiol, 2002 Dec 22;8(4):421-30.
    PMID: 20594504
    This is an unusual case report of an infant, who initially presented with a facial haemangioma and was later diagnosed to have a dural sinus malformation (DSM) involving the torcula. The DSM increased in size lateralising to the right transverse sinus at three months of age. Postnatal enlargement of the dural sinus has not been described before suggesting a delay in the maturation of the dural sinus which normally would occur antenatally. There was a further association with a complex developmental venous anomaly (DVA) draining the right cerebral hemisphere into the deep cerebral vein and multiple cavernous malformations. The DVA was not clearly demonstrated at age one month but was more obvious at age three months. This would be the first reported case of DSM associated with a DVA. Increasing venous hypertension probably contributed to the poor opacification of the DVA on follow-up angiography at age six months and to the haemorrhagic changes within the cavernomas on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The therapeutic goal was to correct venous hypertension by partially embolising the dural shunts to remodel the cerebral vasculature and preserve the patent sinus. The treatment strategy and possible link between the complex disease entities presented in this infant are discussed. Despite these attemps, the lesion continued to grow compressing the posterior fossa structures. The infant died at nine months of age.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Venous Angioma
  4. Toxic Elements in Food: Occurrence, Binding, and Reduction Approaches
    Hajeb P, Sloth JJ, Shakibazadeh S, Mahyudin NA, Afsah-Hejri L
    Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf, 2014 Jul;13(4):457-472.
    PMID: 33412705 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12068
    Toxic elements such as mercury, arsenic, cadmium, and lead, sometimes called heavy metals, can diminish mental and central nervous system function; elicit damage to blood composition as well as the kidneys, lungs, and liver; and reduce energy levels. Food is considered one of the main routes of their entry into the human body. Numerous studies have been performed to examine the effects of common food processing procedures on the levels of toxic elements in food. While some studies have reported negative effects of processing, several have shown that processing practices may have a positive effect on the reduction of toxic elements in foodstuffs. A number of studies have also introduced protocols and suggested chemical agents that reduce the amount of toxic elements in the final food products. In this review, the reported methods employed for the reduction of toxic elements are discussed with particular emphasis on the chemical binding of both the organic and inorganic forms of each element in various foods. The molecular groups and the ligands by which the food products bind with the metals and the types of these reactions are also presented.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System
  5. Fulltext Effect of HIIT (high-intensity interval training) on vulnerability to dental caries
    Chauhan A, Mazlee AM, Azhar NA, Ng Bansing SA, Qing CS, Sidhu DS, et al.
    J Oral Biol Craniofac Res, 2020 09 17;10(4):670-673.
    PMID: 32995257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.09.003
    Objective: High intensity workout stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and causes changes in the salivary composition. We hypothesized that activity of caries-causing bacteria in saliva may differ before and after workout. The objective of the study was to investigate if there is any difference in the oral microbial activity before and after HIIT (High Intensity Interval Training) workout.

    Methods: Unstimulated saliva was collected before and after HIIT workout (n = 35). The workout was performed until the participant's heart rate reached 70-80% of maximum heart rate. The microbial activity of saliva was estimated using Oratest.

    Results: The participants belonged to 4 ethnities- Indian, Malays, Chinese and Others (18-22 years). The post-workout salivary microbial activity was higher than the pre-workout levels, being statistically significant (P = 0.010). The increase in the post-workout microbial activity among females was found to be higher when compared to males. We also found significant different according to the ethnicities.

    Conclusion: We conclude that caries activity increases immediately after a vigorous workout and remains high at least for 15 min. Further studies are needed to validate the findings. Workout enthusiast should be aware of this so that they can take necessary precautions and be more regular with their dental check-ups.

    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Stimulants
  6. Fulltext Emodin Derivatives as Multi-Target-Directed Ligands Inhibiting Monoamine Oxidase and Antagonizing Vasopressin V1A Receptors
    Paudel P, Shrestha S, Park SE, Seong SH, Fauzi FM, Jung HA, et al.
    ACS Omega, 2020 Oct 20;5(41):26720-26731.
    PMID: 33110998 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03649
    The brain neurotransmitter level is associated with the pathology of various neurodegenerative diseases, and age-dependent increase in the blood level of vasopressin, human brain monoamine oxidase (hMAO) level, oxidative stress, and imbalance in aminergic signaling are common disease-modifying factors leading to various neurodegenerative disorders. Based on the reports of emodin in hMAO inhibition and antagonist effect on the vasopressin V1A receptor, in this study we synthesized six emodin derivatives and evaluated their effects on MAO activity and G protein-coupled receptors. Among them, 4-hydroxyemodin and 5-hydroxyemodin were potent inhibitors of hMAO, and 2-hydroxyemodin and 5-hydroxyemodin were good V1AR antagonists. In silico molecular docking simulation revealed that the hydroxyl group at C2, C4, and C5 of the respective compounds interacted with prime residues, which corroborates the in vitro effect. Likewise, these three derivatives were predicted to have good drug-like properties. Overall, our study demonstrates that the hydroxyl derivatives of emodin are multi-target-directed ligands that may act as leads for the design and development of a therapy for central nervous system disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Diseases
  7. Dural arteriovenous fistula mimicking temporal arteritis
    Naserrudin NS, Mohammad Raffiq MA
    Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 2019 01;176:44-46.
    PMID: 30504098 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.11.021
    INTRODUCTION: Dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) is a very rare disease characterized by an abnormal vascular communication between arteries and veins in dural mater. It frequently presents with intracranial haemorrhage. Common presenting symptoms are headache and seizures.

    CASE REPORT: Here we report a case of dAVF in which the patient's symptoms mimic a temporal arteritis in a 23-year-old woman. She presented with painful mass at forehead for 9 months with frontotemporal headache. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated dural arteriovenous fistula.

    CONCLUSION: Since both diseases have different prognosis but similar presentation, it is important to ensure that there is no dural arteriovenous fistula in patient with suspected temporal arteritis.

    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations
  8. Differentiation of Commercially Available Kratom by Purported Country of Origin using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry
    Braley C, Hondrogiannis EM
    J Forensic Sci, 2020 Mar;65(2):428-437.
    PMID: 31560807 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14201
    Kratom is a plant material exhibiting both analgesic and stimulant effects and is also forensically relevant since it is abused as a "legal high." It is regulated in several countries but not scheduled in the United States at the federal level. This study used inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to measure the concentrations of 13 elements in 19 kratom samples obtained from an online distributor selling kratom, from Borneo, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam, for the purpose of using the elements to discriminate among purported country of origin, "suborigin," and strain. Analysis of variance revealed statistical differences in concentrations of elements from each group, while discriminant function analysis (using leave-one-out classification) successfully classified kratom samples by their purported country of origin (100%), "suborigin," (100%), and strain (86%). Our method illustrates the possibility of utilizing ICP-MS for determination of commercially available kratom samples by purported origin, "subororign," or by product line.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Stimulants
  9. Fulltext Factors Affecting the Quality of Sleep in Children
    Fadzil A
    Children (Basel), 2021 Feb 09;8(2).
    PMID: 33572155 DOI: 10.3390/children8020122
    Sleep quality is one of the domains of sleep. Having adequate quality sleep is defined as one's "feeling fresh" after waking-up. Inadequate sleep quality results in sleep insufficiency producing a variety of symptoms and signs. The central nervous system is affected the most in children, although other system too may be involved. Several factors affect sleep quality in children including genetics, sleep habits, medical problems, parents/caregiver factors, screen time and the child's environment. These factors are inter-related and dynamic. The outcome of sleep insufficiency is many involving neurocognitive and neurobehavior, mood and emotional issues and specific conditions, like pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale and obesity. Management should start with proper history taking to identify the multifaceted nature of the condition. Treatment is planned cognizant of the age of the patient and the associated etiological factors, and should involve both the children and their parents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System
  10. Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability of Asiaticoside, Madecassoside and Asiatic Acid in Porcine Brain Endothelial Cell Model
    Hanapi NA, Mohamad Arshad AS, Abdullah JM, Tengku Muhammad TS, Yusof SR
    J Pharm Sci, 2021 02;110(2):698-706.
    PMID: 32949562 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.09.015
    Neurotherapeutic potentials of Centella asiatica and its reputation to boost memory, prevent cognitive deficits and improve brain functions are widely acknowledged. The plant's bioactive compounds, i.e. asiaticoside, madecassoside and asiatic acid were reported to have central nervous system (CNS) actions, particularly in protecting the brain against neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, it is important for these compounds to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to be clinically effective therapeutics. This study aimed to explore the capability of asiaticoside, madecassoside and asiatic acid to cross the BBB using in vitro BBB model from primary porcine brain endothelial cells (PBECs). Our findings showed that asiaticoside, madecassoside and asiatic acid are highly BBB permeable with apparent permeability (Papp) of 70.61 ± 6.60, 53.31 ± 12.55 and 50.94 ± 10.91 × 10-6 cm/s respectively. No evidence of cytotoxicity and tight junction disruption of the PBECs were observed in the presence of these compounds. Asiatic acid showed cytoprotective effect towards the PBECs against oxidative stress. This study reported for the first time that Centella asiatica compounds demonstrated high capability to cross the BBB, comparable to central nervous system drugs, and therefore warrant further development as therapeutics for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Agents
  11. Fulltext Gliosarcoma of a brain: a challenging diagnosis
    Nornazirah Azizan, Nor Haizura Ab Rani, Ahmad Toha Samsudin, Fadhli Mustaffa, Firdaus Hayati
    Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020;14(3):39-44.
    MyJurnal
    Gliosarcoma is a rare primary malignant tumour of the central nervous system. A 28-year-old radiographer without a history of neurological disorder, malignancy or trauma presented with unprovoked seizures. He was symptom-free for 3 years but developed relapsed. Computed tomography of the brain was consistent with anaplastic convexity meningioma which was identical via intraoperative findings. However, the final histology revealed gliosarcoma of the brain. He recovered well postoperatively without any neurological deficit and had completed adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy. He was asymptomatic during follow up with no tumour recurrence. Gliosarcoma with predominant sarcomatous component mimicking a meningioma has prolonged survival as compared to a case with predominant glioblastoma component. Hence, the discordance between clinical, radiological, intraoperative and histopathological findings is a challenge in establishing a diagnosis of gliosarcoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System
  12. Fulltext Hormones in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal models
    Ghareghani M, Ghanbari A, Eid A, Shaito A, Mohamed W, Mondello S, et al.
    Transl Neurosci, 2021 Jan 01;12(1):164-189.
    PMID: 34046214 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0169
    Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which activated immune cells attack the CNS and cause inflammation and demyelination. While the etiology of MS is still largely unknown, the interaction between hormones and the immune system plays a role in disease progression, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are incompletely understood. Several in vitro and in vivo experimental, but also clinical studies, have addressed the possible role of the endocrine system in susceptibility and severity of autoimmune diseases. Although there are several demyelinating models, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the oldest and most commonly used model for MS in laboratory animals which enables researchers to translate their findings from EAE into human. Evidences imply that there is great heterogeneity in the susceptibility to the induction, the method of induction, and the response to various immunological or pharmacological interventions, which led to conflicting results on the role of specific hormones in the EAE model. In this review, we address the role of endocrine system in EAE model to provide a comprehensive view and a better understanding of the interactions between the endocrine and the immune systems in various models of EAE, to open up a ground for further detailed studies in this field by considering and comparing the results and models used in previous studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System
  13. Fulltext Surgical remotion of a cysticercotic granuloma responsible for refractory seizures: A case report
    Hasan MS, Basri HB, Hin LP, Stanslas J
    Surg Neurol Int, 2011;2:177.
    PMID: 22276232 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.90698
    BACKGROUND: Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic infestation of the central nervous system and an important cause of acquired epilepsy. Although endemic in developing countries, with an increased immigration from the endemic regions, it is also seen progressively in other parts of the world. Hence, there is an increased need for awareness of neurocysticercosis in the non-endemic areas.

    CASE DESCRIPTION: The case described here is of a 13-year-old girl who presented with refractory seizures. She had been on antiepileptic medication and had also received anti-parasitic treatment for neurocysticercosis. Surgical intervention was recommended because the seizures were resistant to treatment and also because the diagnosis could not be clearly established. Following surgery, the seizures have been under control and the patient has been doing well.

    CONCLUSION: Neurocysticercosis can be a potential cause of refractory seizure even in non-endemic countries. Some cases may be difficult to diagnose. Clinical presentation of seizure and brain imaging should be given priority over blood investigations for diagnosing neurocysticercosis and advanced neurosurgical intervention can be considered in suitable cases for better outcome.

    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System
  14. Fulltext Effects of a Herbal Ergogenic Drink on Cycling Performance in Young Cyclists
    Malays J Nutr, 2001;7(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    It is essential to replace fluids lost so as to remain well hydrated during exercise. The intake of fluids is considered a physiological ergogenic aid to enhance exercise performance. There are currently several products in the market that are believed to have ergogenic properties which act as fluid replacement drinks during exercise. One such drink available in the Malaysian market is ‘AgroMas®’ herbal drink whose efficacy is yet to be proven. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the effects of acute ingestion of this herbal drink (H) or a coloured water placebo (P) on cycling performance. Nine healthy and trained young male cyclists (age: 16.2 ± 0.5 years) exercised on a cycle ergometer at 71.9 ± 0.7% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) until exhaustion on two occasions at 1-week intervals. During each exercise bout, subjects received 3ml kg-1 body weight of H or P every 20 min in a double-blind randomised study design. There was no significant difference between H and P trials in the total work time to exhaustion (83.7 ± 4.6 and 81.5 ± 5.0 min respectively). Changes in oxygen consumption, heart rate and perceived rate of exertion were similar for both types of drinks. These results demonstrate that the herbal drink and the placebo elicited similar physiological responses and exercise performance during endurance cycling. It is therefore concluded that AgroMas® herbal drink and water ingestion resulted in a similar ergogenic response on cycling performance in young cyclists.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Stimulants
  15. Fulltext Issues And challenges in the management Of methamphetamine dependence in pregnancy
    Farid Yusof, Suzaily Wahab
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2015;11(1):89-92.
    MyJurnal
    Data from the Malaysian National Drugs Agency December 2013 Report, showed that among 7864 drug users, 632 were abusing Amphetamine Type Stimulant. Rates of admission due to Methamphetamine abuse in pregnancy are higher compared with men and non- pregnant lady in the United States.1 A number of issues may complicate the management of pregnant women who abused methamphetamine such as the low motivation for them to come forward voluntarily for treatment, the high rates of fetal and maternal complications due to methamphetamine abuse,2,3 and the inavailabiliy of effective treatment for methamphetamine dependence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Stimulants
  16. Fulltext Depression In Parkinson Disease: Clinical Features And Aetiology
    Chan, Y.F., Zainal, N.Z.
    Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2010;19(1):1-11.
    MyJurnal
    Parkinson Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system that often impairs the patient’s motor skills, speech and other functions. The four cardinal signs of parkinsonism are resting tremor, bradykinesia, cogwheel rigidity and postural instability. The prevalence of depression in PD ranges from 4% to 75%. However depression in PD is often mistakenly as the presentation of the disease itself. Therefore this paper reviewed the clinical feature of depression in PD and explored the aetiology of depression in PD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System
  17. Consent for lumbar puncture -factors that influence the decision
    Malik, A.S.
    Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2000;12(1):35-41.
    MyJurnal
    Lumbar puncture (LP) is an important procedure both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In Kelantan, Malaysia, on many occasions consent for this procedure is not granted by patients or guardians. The aim of this study was to find out the factors that influence the decision to grant or refuse the consent for LP. This was a cross-sectional study in which 86 parents (who agreed or refused to give consent for LP on their child) were interviewed by using a standard questionnaire. A scoring system was used to assess their knowledge about the purpose and technique of the procedure. Consent for LP was granted in 23 and refused in 27 children. The refusal rate was significantly higher when family members other than parents made the decision. The factors which did not play a statistically significant role in decision-making included: age of the child and parents; gender of the patient; number of children in the family; patient's birth order among the siblings; place of residence; monthly income of the family; parents' level of education; and number of days after admission when LP was requested. The factors that positively influenced the decision to give consent included knowledge about the purpose of LP and underlying disease. In order to receive positive consent for LP it is concluded that the parents/guardians and other family members who may influence the decision-making should be explained the role of LP in (1) making diagnosis and (2) choosing right antibiotics for treatment. They should also be informed about the side-effects of antibiotics, which may be used unnecessarily in unconfirmed cases of central nervous system infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Infections
  18. Fulltext Survivability of Acanthamoeba strains isolated from clinical and environmental specimens during axenization
    Nurul Farhana Jufri, Anisah Nordin, Mohamed Kamel Abd Ghani, Yusof Suboh, Noraina Abd Rahim
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2011;9(1):1-3.
    MyJurnal
    Acanthamoeba is a free living protozoa that can cause keratitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. Physiological characteristics of this amoeba are found to have a medical importance in which it can be related to the pathogenicity potential of the organism. This study was carried out to investigate the physiological characteristics of survivability during axenization. Six Acanthamoeba strains from three clinical isolates (HSB 1, HKL 48 and HKL 95) and three environmental isolates (PHS 2, PHS 11 and PHS 15) were used in this study. Axenization test was done by treating cysts with hydrochloric acid (3%) and Page saline containing Gentamicin (100 µg/ml). Cysts were then cultured into PYG enrich media, incubated at 30oC and the presence and proliferation of trophozoites of Acanthamoeba were observed. This study showed that PHS 15, HSB 1, HKL 48 and HKL 95 could be axenized but they have poor proliferation rate in PYG enrich media. The result showed that the difference between both clinical and environmental isolates was observed in two strains; PHS 2 and PHS 11. This indicates that there is a possibility that the physiological traits of strains from both isolates are the same and strains from the environment are able to show the pathogenic potential and capable of causing infection to human.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Parasitic Infections
  19. A Novel Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Technique using Multi-Period-Multi-Experiment of MRM-EPI-MRM3 with Library Matching for Simultaneous Determination of Amphetamine Type Stimulants Related Drugs in Whole Blood, Urine and Dried Blood Stain (DBS)-Application to Forensic Toxicology Cases in Malaysia
    Zubaidi FA, Choo YM, Tan GH, Hamid HA, Choy YK
    J Anal Toxicol, 2019 Aug 23;43(7):528-535.
    PMID: 31141150 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkz017
    A novel mass spectrometry detection technique based on a multi-period and multi- experiment (MRM-EPI-MRM3) with library matching in a single run for fast and rapid screening and identification of amphetamine type stimulants (ATS) related drugs in whole blood, urine and dried blood stain was developed and validated. The ATS-related drugs analyzed in this study include ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine), MDA (3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine), MDEA (3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine) and phentermine. The relative standard deviation for inter and intraday was less than 15% while recoveries ranged from 80% to 120% for all three matrices, i.e., whole blood, urine and dried blood stain. All compounds gave library matching percentage of more than 85% based on the purity. This method was proven to be simple and robust, and provide high confident results complemented with library matching confirmation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Stimulants
  20. Effects of aqueous extract of Prismatomeris glabra root on non-spatial memory in rats using object discrimination test
    Norazrina Azmi, Loh WT, Siti Suriani Omar, Juriyati Jalil, Aishah Adam
    Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40:1097-1103.
    The aqueous extract of Prismatomeris glabra root has been used traditionally in Malaysia by the aborigines and certain rural Malays for its ergogenic effects, to maintain wellness and to enhance physical stamina. It has also been used as an aphrodisiac for generations in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Previous studies have shown that plants with ergogenic effects may also act as a stimulant and impair cognitive function. Therefore, we seek to investigate the effects of P. glabra on non-spatial memory in male Sprague Dawley rats using object recognition test. Trial rats were injected intraperitoneally with an aqueous extract of P. glabra roots at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg for the acute (30 min) and subacute (7 days) studies. Scopolamine (0.3 mg/kg) was used as a positive control only in the acute study meanwhile control rats were injected with saline. The locomotor activity of rats was also determined in the same test. We demonstrated that groups treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of the extract lost their ability to discriminate the novel from familiar object in choice phase and did not alter the locomotor activity in both studies. Our results also indicated that the deficits in non-spatial working memory occured at these doses were not due to impaired locomotor activity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Stimulants
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