Displaying publications 121 - 140 of 712 in total

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  1. The thermoluminescence response of doped SiO2 optical fibres subjected to alpha-particle irradiation
    Ramli AT, Bradley DA, Hashim S, Wagiran H
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2009 Mar;67(3):428-32.
    PMID: 18693114 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.06.034
    Ion beams are used in radiotherapy to deliver a more precise dose to the target volume while minimizing dose to the surrounding healthy tissue. For optimum dose monitoring in ion-beam therapy, it is essential to be able to measure the delivered dose with a sensitivity, spatial resolution and dynamic range that is sufficient to meet the demands of the various therapy situations. Optical fibres have been demonstrated by this group to show promising thermoluminescence properties with respect to photon, electron and proton irradiation. In particular, and also given the flexibility and small size of optical fibre cores, for example 125.0+/-0.1 microm for the Al- and Ge-doped fibres used in this study, these fibres have the potential to fulfill the above requirements. This study investigates the thermoluminescence dosimetric characteristics of variously doped SiO(2) optical fibres irradiated with alpha particles from (241)Am. Following subtraction of the gamma contribution from the above source, the thermoluminescence characteristics of variously doped SiO(2) optical fibres have been compared with that of TLD-100 rods. The irradiations were performed in a bell jar. Of related potential significance is the effective atomic number, Z(eff) of the fibre, modifying measured dose from that deposited in tissues; in the present work, a scanning electron microscope and associated energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy facility have been used to provide evaluation of Z(eff). For Ge-doped fibres, the effective atomic numbers value was 11.4, the equivalent value for Al-doped fibres was 12.3. This paper further presents results on dose response and the glow curves obtained. The results obtained indicate there to be good potential for use of variously doped SiO(2) optical fibres in measuring ion-beam doses in radiotherapeutic applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiation Dosage; Silicon Dioxide/radiation effects*
  2. Fulltext In Vitro Mean Red Blood Cell Volume Change Induced by Diode Pump Solid State Low-Level Laser of 405 nm
    Musawi MS, Jafar MS, Al-Gailani BT, Ahmed NM, Suhaimi FM, Suardi N
    Photomed Laser Surg, 2016 May;34(5):211-4.
    PMID: 26966989 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2015.4043
    OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of low-level laser (LLL) doses on human red blood cell volume. The effects of exposure to a diode pump solid state (DPSS) (λ = 405 nm) laser were observed.

    BACKGROUND DATA: The response of human blood to LLL irradiation gives important information about the mechanism of interaction of laser light with living organisms. Materials and methods Blood samples were collected into ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-containing tubes, and each sample was divided into two equal aliquots, one to serve as control and the other for irradiation. The aliquot was subjected to laser irradiation for 20, 30, 40, or 50 min at a fixed power density of 0.03 W/cm(2). Mean cell volume (MCV) and red blood cell (RBC) counts were measured immediately after irradiation using a computerized hemtoanalyzer.

    RESULTS: Significant decrease in RBC volume (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Erythrocytes/radiation effects*
  3. Fulltext Electronic Characterization of Au/DNA/ITO Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Diode and Its Application as a Radiation Sensor
    Al-Ta'ii HM, Periasamy V, Amin YM
    PLoS One, 2016;11(1):e0145423.
    PMID: 26799703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145423
    Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA molecules expressed as double-stranded (DSS) negatively charged polymer plays a significant role in electronic states of metal/silicon semiconductor structures. Electrical parameters of an Au/DNA/ITO device prepared using self-assembly method was studied by using current-voltage (I-V) characteristic measurements under alpha bombardment at room temperature. The results were analyzed using conventional thermionic emission model, Cheung and Cheung's method and Norde's technique to estimate the barrier height, ideality factor, series resistance and Richardson constant of the Au/DNA/ITO structure. Besides demonstrating a strongly rectifying (diode) characteristic, it was also observed that orderly fluctuations occur in various electrical parameters of the Schottky structure. Increasing alpha radiation effectively influences the series resistance, while the barrier height, ideality factor and interface state density parameters respond linearly. Barrier height determined from I-V measurements were calculated at 0.7284 eV for non-radiated, increasing to about 0.7883 eV in 0.036 Gy showing an increase for all doses. We also demonstrate the hypersensitivity phenomena effect by studying the relationship between the series resistance for the three methods, the ideality factor and low-dose radiation. Based on the results, sensitive alpha particle detectors can be realized using Au/DNA/ITO Schottky junction sensor.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA/radiation effects; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
  4. The effect of CO2 laser treatment on skin tissue
    Baleg SM, Bidin N, Suan LP, Ahmad MF, Krishnan G, Johari AR, et al.
    J Cosmet Dermatol, 2015 Sep;14(3):246-53.
    PMID: 25817596 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12142
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of multiple pulses on the depth of injury caused by CO2 laser in an in vivo rat model.
    Matched MeSH terms: Epidermis/radiation effects; Skin/radiation effects*
  5. Fulltext Radiation exposure during fixation of femoral trochanteric fractures
    Sidhu JS, Kadni T
    Med J Malaysia, 1988 Jun;43(2):117-24.
    PMID: 3237127
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiation Injuries/prevention & control*; Radiation Protection
  6. Microwave-stimulated decalcification of compact bones
    Ng KH, Ng LL
    Eur J Morphol, 1992;30(2):150-5.
    PMID: 1457250
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/radiation effects*; Femur/radiation effects
  7. ASSESSMENT OF NATURALLY OCCURRING RADIONUCLIDES IN MALAYSIA'S BUILDING MATERIALS
    Abdullahi S, Ismail AF, Samat S
    Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 2019 Dec 31;186(4):520-523.
    PMID: 31034551 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz125
    The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K radionuclides from common building materials used by Malaysian people for construction purposes were studied using High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. The measured activity concentrations of the aforementioned radionuclides range from 10 ± 1 Bq kg-1 (limestone) to 155 ± 61 Bq kg-1 (feldspar), 12 ± 3 Bq kg-1 (limestone) to 274 ± 8 Bq kg-1 (kaolin) and 62 ± 19 Bq kg-1 (limestone) to 1114 ± 20 Bq kg-1 (pottery stone) for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. The measured activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides reported herein were found to be in accordance with other previous studies. In general, the activity concentration of the natural radionuclides revealed that all the determined values were below the recommended limit.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiation Dosage; Radiation Monitoring/methods*
  8. Fulltext Estimation of kidneys and urinary bladder doses based on the region of interest in (18)fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography examination: a preliminary study
    Mustapha FA, Bashah FAA, Yassin IM, Fathinul Fikri AS, Nordin AJ, Abdul Razak HR
    Quant Imaging Med Surg, 2017 Jun;7(3):310-317.
    PMID: 28811997 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2017.05.03
    BACKGROUND: Kidneys and urinary bladder are common physiologic uptake sites of 18fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) causing increased exposure of low energy ionizing radiation to these organs. Accurate measurement of organ dose is vital as (18)F-FDG is directly exposed to the organs. Organ dose from (18)F-FDG PET is calculated according to the injected (18)F-FDG activity with the application of dose coefficients established by International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). But this dose calculation technique is not directly measured from these organs; rather it is calculated based on total injected activity of radiotracer prior to scanning. This study estimated the (18)F-FDG dose to the kidneys and urinary bladder in whole body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) examination by comparing dose from total injected activity of (18)F-FDG (calculated dose) and dose from organs activity based on the region of interest (ROI) (measured dose).

    METHODS: Nine subjects were injected intravenously with the mean (18)F-FDG dose of 292.42 MBq prior to whole body PET/CT scanning. Kidneys and urinary bladder doses were estimated by using two approaches which are the total injected activity of (18)F-FDG and organs activity concentration of (18)F-FDG based on drawn ROI with the application of recommended dose coefficients for (18)F-FDG described in the ICRP 80 and ICRP 106.

    RESULTS: The mean percentage difference between calculated dose and measured dose ranged from 98.95% to 99.29% for the kidneys based on ICRP 80 and 98.96% to 99.32% based on ICRP 106. Whilst, the mean percentage difference between calculated dose and measured dose was 97.08% and 97.27% for urinary bladder based on ICRP 80 while 96.99% and 97.28% based on ICRP 106. Whereas, the range of mean percentage difference between calculated and measured organ doses derived from ICRP 106 and ICRP 80 for kidney doses were from 17.00% to 40.00% and for urinary bladder dose was 18.46% to 18.75%.

    CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant difference between calculated dose and measured dose. The use of organ activity estimation based on drawn ROI and the latest version of ICRP 106 dose coefficient should be explored deeper to obtain accurate radiation dose to patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Radiation Dosage; Radiation Protection; Radiation, Ionizing
  9. Fulltext Determination of radon activity concentration in water using liquid scintillation counting technique
    Zaini Hamzah, Ahmad Saat, Mohammed Kassim
    Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2011;2011(1):33-38.
    MyJurnal
    Many studies were carried out throughout the world on radon measurement in water especially drinking water for it can cause problem to human health. This study is an attempt to measure the level of radon present in water collect from rivers and lakes. Data gathered from this study provides important information about radiation levels in water at selected sites, because radon gas is the largest contributor to natural radioactive radiation exposure to humans. Exposure to radon gas can cause lung cancer. Liquid scintillation counting (LSC) has been applied to determine the activity concentration of radon ( 222 Rn) in water. Water samples were collected from, ex-mining lake in Perak, Sok River in Kelantan, Tembeling River in Pahang. Water samples were prepared in polyethylene bottles mixed with liquid scintillator and stored for 3 weeks to allow 222 Rn and its progeny to reach the equilibrium, and the activity concentrations ranged from 0.24-1.27 Bq/L, and 0.029 – 0.155 Bq/L for radon and radium respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiation Exposure; Background Radiation; Radiation
  10. Fulltext Effects of low-powered RF sweep between 0.01-20 GHz on female Aedes Aegypti mosquitoes: A collective behaviour analysis
    Poh AH, Moghavvemi M, Shafiei MM, Leong CS, Lau YL, Mahamd Adikan FR, et al.
    PLoS One, 2017;12(6):e0178766.
    PMID: 28582398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178766
    There are many products claiming to be an electronic solution towards repelling mosquitoes. Several reviews were published in debunking these claims. However, there is a lack of a systematic study on effects of electromagnetic (EM) or more specifically, radio frequency (RF) waves against mosquitoes due to the conclusions made in those years. Therefore, we attempt to establish a fundamental study on female Aedes Aegypti (Linnaeus) mosquitoes by quantifying the collective behavior of the mosquitoes against a continuous stream of low-powered RF signals via a broadband horn antenna using image processing methods. By examining the average lateral and vertical positions of the mosquitoes versus frequency and time, the data shows negligible consistency in the reactions of the mosquitoes toward the different frequencies ranging from 10 to 20,000.00 MHz, with a step of 10 MHz. This was done by examining 33 hours of spatiotemporal data, which was divided into three sessions. All three sessions showed totally different convolutions in the positions in arbitrary units based on the raster scan of the image processing output. Several frequencies apparently showed up to 0.2-70% shift in both lateral and vertical components along the spectrum, without repeatability for all three sessions. This study contributes to the following: A pilot study for establishing the collective effects of RF against mosquitoes, open-source use, and finally a low-cost and easily adaptable platform for the study of EM effects against any insects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aedes/radiation effects; Behavior, Animal/radiation effects
  11. Radiation Exposure in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a Fourteen-Year Review at a Tertiary Care Centre in Malaysia
    Naidu J, Wong Zh, Palaniappan Sh, Ngiu ChS, Yaacob NY, Abdul Hamid H, et al.
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2017 04 01;18(4):933-939.
    PMID: 28545190
    Background and Aims: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are subjected to a large amount of ionizing
    radiation during the course of their illness. This may increase their risk of malignancy to a greater level than that due
    to the disease itself. In Caucasian patients with Crohn’s disease, this has been well documented and recommendations
    are in place to avoid high radiation imaging protocols. However, there are limited data available on radiation exposure
    in Asian IBD patients.We therefore sought to identify total radiation exposure and any differences between ethnically
    diverse ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) patients at our centre along with determining factors that may
    contribute to any variation. Methods: The cumulative effective dose (CED) was calculated retrospectively from 2000
    to 2014 using data from our online radiology database and patients’ medical records. Total CED in the IBD population
    was measured. High exposure was defined as a radiation dose of greater than 0.2mSv (equivalent to slightly less than
    ½ a year of background radiation). Results: A total of 112 cases of IBD (36 CD and 76 UC) were reviewed. Our CD
    patients were diagnosed at an earlier age than our UC cases (mean age 26.1 vs 45.7). The total CED in our IBD population
    was 8.53 (95% CI: 4.53-12.52). Patients with CD were exposed to significantly higher radiation compared to those
    with UC. The mean CED was 18.6 (7.30-29.87) and 3.65 (1.74-5.56, p=0.01) for CD and UC patients respectively. 2
    patients were diagnosed as having a malignancy during follow up with respective CED values of 1.76mSv and 10mSv.
    Conclusions: CD patients, particularly those with complicated disease, received a higher frequency of diagnostic
    imaging over a shorter period when compared to UC patients. Usage of low radiation imaging protocols should be
    encouraged in IBD patients to reduce their risk of consequent malignancy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiation Exposure; Background Radiation; Radiation Dosage
  12. Fulltext Morphogenetic and physiological effects of LED spectra on the apical buds of Ficus carica var. Black Jack
    Parab AR, Han KY, Chew BL, Subramaniam S
    Sci Rep, 2021 12 08;11(1):23628.
    PMID: 34880352 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03056-7
    The use of artificial light sources such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has become a prerequisite in tissue culture studies to obtain morphogenetic enhancements on in vitro plants. This technology is essential for developmental enhancements in the growing plant cultures due to its light quality and intensity greatly influencing the in vitro growing explants at a cellular level. The current study investigates the effects of different light-emitting diode (LED) spectra on the growth of apical buds of Ficus carica var. Black Jack. Ficus carica, commonly known as figs is rich in vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals capable of treating microbial infections and gastric, inflammatory, and cardiac disorders. Apical buds of Ficus carica var. Black Jack, presented morphogenetic changes when grown under six different LED spectra. The highest multiple shoots (1.80 per growing explant) and healthy growing cultures were observed under the blue + red LED spectrum. Wound-induced callus formation was observed on apical buds grown under green LED spectrum and discolouration of the growing shoots were observed on the cultures grown under far-red LED spectrum. Multiple shoots obtained from the blue + red LED treatment were rooted using 8 µM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and the rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatised. Compared with the other monochromatic LEDs, blue + red proved to be significantly better for producing excellent plant morphogeny. It is apparent that blue and red LED is the most suitable spectra for the healthy development of plants. The findings have confirmed that the combination of blue + red LED can potentially be used for enhancing growth yields of medicinally and commercially important plants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ficus/radiation effects*; Plant Development/radiation effects*
  13. Fulltext Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in Bracelets and Necklaces: Radiological Risk Evaluation
    Hassan HJ, Hashim S, Abu Hanifah NZH, Ghoshal SK, Sanusi MSM, Binti Suhailin FH, et al.
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 10 24;18(21).
    PMID: 34769689 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111170
    A particular category of jewelry is one involving bracelets and necklaces that are deliberately made to contain naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM)-purveyors making unsubstantiated claims for health benefits from the release of negative ions. Conversely, within the bounds of the linear no-threshold model, long-term use presents a radiological risk to wearers. Evaluation is conducted herein of the radiological risk arising from wearing these products and gamma-ray spectrometry is used to determine the radioactivity levels and annual effective dose of 15 commercially available bracelets (samples B1 to B15) and five necklaces (samples N16 to N20). Various use scenarios are considered; a Geant4 Monte Carlo (Geant4 MC) simulation is also performed to validate the experimental results. The dose conversion coefficient for external radiation and skin equivalent doses were also evaluated. Among the necklaces, sample N16 showed the greatest levels of radioactivity, at 246 ± 35, 1682 ± 118, and 221 ± 40 Bq, for 238U, 232Th, and 40K, respectively. For the bracelets, for 238U and 232Th, sample B15 displayed the greatest level of radioactivity, at 146 ± 21 and 980 ± 71 Bq, respectively. N16 offered the greatest percentage concentrations of U and Th, with means of 0.073 ± 0.0002% and 1.51 ± 0.0015%, respectively, giving rise to an estimated annual effective dose exposure of 1.22 mSv, substantially in excess of the ICRP recommended limit of 1 mSv/year.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiation Dosage; Radiation Monitoring*
  14. Fulltext Measurement of radioactivity in soils of Karamjal and Harbaria mangrove forest of Sundarbans for establishment of radiological database
    Siraz MMM, A M J, Alam MS, Rashid MB, Hossain Z, Khandaker MU, et al.
    PLoS One, 2023;18(10):e0289113.
    PMID: 37856554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289113
    This work presents the first in-depth study of soil radioactivity in the mangrove forest of Bangladesh part of the Sundarbans. It used HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry to measure the amount of natural radioactivity in soil samples from Karamjal and Harbaria sites of the world's largest mangrove forest. The activity concentrations of most of the 226Ra (14±2 Bqkg-1 to 35±4 Bqkg-1) and 232Th (30±5 Bqkg-1 to 50±9 Bqkg-1) lie within the world average values, but the 40K concentration (370± 44 Bqkg-1 to 660±72 Bqkg-1) was found to have exceeded the world average value. The evaluation of radiological hazard parameters revealed that the outdoor absorbed dose rate (maximum 73.25 nGyh-1) and outdoor annual effective dose (maximum 0.09 mSvy-1) for most samples exceeded the corresponding world average values. The elevated concentration of 40K is mainly due to the salinity intrusion, usage of fertilizers and agricultural runoff, and migration of waste effluents along the riverbanks. Being the pioneering comprehensive research on the Bangladesh side of the Sundarbans, this study forms a baseline radioactivity for the Sundarbans before the commissioning of the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant in Bangladesh.
    Matched MeSH terms: Radiation Dosage; Radiation Monitoring*
  15. Fulltext Effect of different light intensities on total phenolics and flavonoids synthesis and anti-oxidant activities in young ginger varieties (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)
    Ghasemzadeh A, Jaafar HZ, Rahmat A, Wahab PE, Halim MR
    Int J Mol Sci, 2010 Oct 12;11(10):3885-97.
    PMID: 21152306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11103885
    Nowadays, phytochemicals and antioxidants in plants are raising interest in consumers for their roles in the maintenance of human health. Phenolics and flavonoids are known for their health-promoting properties due to protective effects against cardiovascular disease, cancers and other disease. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the traditional folk medicinal plants and it is widely used in cooking in Malaysia. In this study, four levels of glasshouse light intensities (310, 460, 630 and 790 μmol m(-2)s(-1)) were used in order to consider the effect of light intensity on the production, accumulation and partitioning of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF) and antioxidant activities in two varieties of Malaysian young ginger (Zingiber officinale). TF biosynthesis was highest in the Halia Bara variety under 310 μmol m(-2)s(-1) and TP was high in this variety under a light intensity of 790 μmol m(-2)s(-1). The highest amount of these components accumulated in the leaves and after that in the rhizomes. Also, antioxidant activities determined by the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay in both of varieties, increased significantly (p ≤ 0.01) with increasing TF concentration, and high antioxidant activity was observed in the leaves of Halia Bara grown under 310 μmol m(-2)s(-1). The ferric reducing (FRAP) activity of the rhizomes was higher than that of the leaves in 310 μmol m(-2)s(-1) of sun light. This study indicates the ability of different light intensities to enhance the medicinal components and antioxidant activities of the leaves and young rhizomes of Zingiber officinale varieties. Additionally, this study also validated their medicinal potential based on TF and TP contents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ginger/radiation effects*; Rhizome/radiation effects
  16. Fulltext Allocation of secondary metabolites, photosynthetic capacity, and antioxidant activity of Kacip Fatimah (Labisia pumila Benth) in response to CO2 and light intensity
    Ibrahim MH, Jaafar HZ, Karimi E, Ghasemzadeh A
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:360290.
    PMID: 24683336 DOI: 10.1155/2014/360290
    A split plot 3 by 4 experiment was designed to investigate and distinguish the relationships among production of secondary metabolites, soluble sugar, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5) activity, leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll content, antioxidant activity (DPPH), and lipid peroxidation under three levels of CO2 (400, 800, and 1200 μ mol/mol) and four levels of light intensity (225, 500, 625, and 900 μ mol/m(2)/s) over 15 weeks in Labisia pumila. The production of plant secondary metabolites, sugar, chlorophyll content, antioxidant activity, and malondialdehyde content was influenced by the interactions between CO2 and irradiance. The highest accumulation of secondary metabolites, sugar, maliondialdehyde, and DPPH activity was observed under CO2 at 1200 μ mol/mol + light intensity at 225 μ mol/m(2)/s. Meanwhile, at 400 μ mol/mol CO2 + 900 μ mol/m(2)/s light intensity the production of chlorophyll and maliondialdehyde content was the highest. As CO2 levels increased from 400 to 1200 μ mol/mol the photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, f v /f m (maximum efficiency of photosystem II), and PAL activity were enhanced. The production of secondary metabolites displayed a significant negative relationship with maliondialdehyde indicating lowered oxidative stress under high CO2 and low irradiance improved the production of plant secondary metabolites that simultaneously enhanced the antioxidant activity (DPPH), thus improving the medicinal value of Labisia pumila under this condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Photosynthesis/radiation effects; Radiation Dosage; Myrsinaceae/radiation effects; Secondary Metabolism/radiation effects
  17. Optimization and characterization of bio-oil produced by microwave assisted pyrolysis of oil palm shell waste biomass with microwave absorber
    Mushtaq F, Abdullah TA, Mat R, Ani FN
    Bioresour Technol, 2015 Aug;190:442-50.
    PMID: 25794811 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.055
    In this study, solid oil palm shell (OPS) waste biomass was subjected to microwave pyrolysis conditions with uniformly distributed coconut activated carbon (CAC) microwave absorber. The effects of CAC loading (wt%), microwave power (W) and N2 flow rate (LPM) were investigated on heating profile, bio-oil yield and its composition. Response surface methodology based on central composite design was used to study the significance of process parameters on bio-oil yield. The coefficient of determination (R(2)) for the bio-oil yield is 0.89017 indicating 89.017% of data variability is accounted to the model. The largest effect on bio-oil yield is from linear and quadratic terms of N2 flow rate. The phenol content in bio-oil is 32.24-58.09% GC-MS area. The bio-oil also contain 1,1-dimethyl hydrazine of 10.54-21.20% GC-MS area. The presence of phenol and 1,1-dimethyl hydrazine implies that the microwave pyrolysis of OPS with carbon absorber has the potential to produce valuable fuel products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/radiation effects; Radiation Dosage; Arecaceae/radiation effects; Biofuels/radiation effects*; Absorption, Radiation
  18. Severe progressive periodontal destruction due to radiation tissue injury
    Yusof ZW, Bakri MM
    J. Periodontol., 1993 Dec;64(12):1253-8.
    PMID: 8106955
    Cancer radiotherapy to the head and neck region results in short- and long-term radiation tissue injuries. Radiation bone injury is a long-term manifestation which could progress to osteoradionecrosis. A case of radiation tissue injury to the periodontium is presented. The possible pathogenesis of these events is described as they relate to the sequential radiographic changes observed over a period of 6 years until the involved teeth were exfoliated. The post-irradiation management of the teeth with advancing periodontal disease in the path of irradiation was by conservative means, including good personal oral hygiene care, scaling and root planing, periodic chlorhexidine irrigation, and topical fluoride application.
    Matched MeSH terms: Alveolar Process/radiation effects; Periodontal Ligament/radiation effects; Periodontium/radiation effects*; Radiation Injuries/complications*
  19. Proton-Functionalized Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Efficient Metal-Free Destruction of Escherichia coli under Low-Power Light Irradiation
    Ng BJ, Musyaffa MK, Er CC, Packiam KAR, Lee WPC, Tan LL, et al.
    Chemistry, 2021 Feb 10;27(9):3085-3090.
    PMID: 33263935 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004238
    Universal access to clean water has been a global ambition over the years. Photocatalytic water disinfection through advanced oxidation processes has been regarded as one of the promising methods for breaking down microbials. The forefront of this research focuses on the application of metal-free photocatalysts for disinfection to prevent secondary pollution. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) has achieved instant attention as a metal-free and visible-light-responsive photocatalyst for various energy and environmental applications. However, the photocatalytic efficiency of g-C3 N4 is still affected by its rapid charge recombination and sluggish electron-transfer kinetics. In this contribution, two-dimensionally protonated g-C3 N4 was employed as metal-free photocatalyst for water treatment and demonstrated 100 % of Escherichia coli within 4 h under irradiation with a 23 W light bulb. The introduction of protonation can modulate the surface charge of g-C3 N4 ; this enhances its conductivity and provides a "highway" for the delocalization of electrons. This work highlights the potential of conjugated polymers in antibacterial application.
    Matched MeSH terms: Catalysis/radiation effects; Escherichia coli/radiation effects*; Graphite/radiation effects*; Nitrogen Compounds/radiation effects*; Microbial Viability/radiation effects*
  20. Radio frequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from GSM (0.9/1.8GHz) mobile phones induces oxidative stress and reduces sperm motility in rats
    Mailankot M, Kunnath AP, Jayalekshmi H, Koduru B, Valsalan R
    Clinics (Sao Paulo), 2009;64(6):561-5.
    PMID: 19578660
    INTRODUCTION: Mobile phones have become indispensable in the daily lives of men and women around the globe. As cell phone use has become more widespread, concerns have mounted regarding the potentially harmful effects of RF-EMR from these devices.

    OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of RF-EMR from mobile phones on free radical metabolism and sperm quality.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male albino Wistar rats (10-12 weeks old) were exposed to RF-EMR from an active GSM (0.9/1.8 GHz) mobile phone for 1 hour continuously per day for 28 days. Controls were exposed to a mobile phone without a battery for the same period. The phone was kept in a cage with a wooden bottom in order to address concerns that the effects of exposure to the phone could be due to heat emitted by the phone rather than to RF-EMR alone. Animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last exposure and tissues of interest were harvested.

    RESULTS: One hour of exposure to the phone did not significantly change facial temperature in either group of rats. No significant difference was observed in total sperm count between controls and RF-EMR exposed groups. However, rats exposed to RF-EMR exhibited a significantly reduced percentage of motile sperm. Moreover, RF-EMR exposure resulted in a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and low GSH content in the testis and epididymis.

    CONCLUSION: Given the results of the present study, we speculate that RF-EMR from mobile phones negatively affects semen quality and may impair male fertility.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glutathione/radiation effects; Sperm Motility/radiation effects*; Spermatozoa/radiation effects; Lipid Peroxidation/radiation effects; Oxidative Stress/radiation effects*
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