Displaying publications 121 - 140 of 493 in total

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  1. Fulltext Spectral sensitivity in eyes with macular holes and their fellow eyes
    Sharanjeet-Kaur, O'Donaghue E, Murray IJ
    Clin Exp Optom, 2003 Nov;86(6):385-9.
    PMID: 14632615 DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2003.tb03083.x
    BACKGROUND: This prospective study was undertaken to investigate whether spectral sensitivity can be useful in determining the prognosis of fellow eyes of eyes with macular holes.
    METHODS: Spectral sensitivity measurements using a one degree test spot presented at a rate of 1 Hz and 25 Hz on a bright (1000 td) white background were carried out on 10 patients aged between 67 and 74 years (mean age 70.3 +/- 2.6 years). Each patient had a full thickness macular hole in one eye and a normal contralateral fellow eye. The spectral sensitivity measurements were made with eccentric fixation in the eyes with macular holes and with central fixation in the normal fellow eye. A year later, the patient files were reviewed to look at the patient's ocular condition. Another 10 subjects between the ages of 50 and 80 years (mean age 69.5 +/- 4.2 years) were also seen. These control group subjects had visual acuities of 6/9 or better with minimal ocular media changes and no ocular or systemic pathology that could affect colour vision.
    RESULTS: The 1 Hz and 25 Hz spectral sensitivities of all patients were reduced for both eyes. Despite the good eye without a macular hole having a VA of 6/6, the spectral sensitivity was similar to that of the eye with the macular hole and markedly reduced visual acuity.
    CONCLUSION: The present investigation enabled us to examine the chromatic and achromatic mechanisms by testing spectral sensitivity at 1 Hz and 25 Hz, respectively. The data revealed that both chromatic and achromatic processing could be damaged in the eye with a macular hole. Surprisingly, the spectral sensitivities of both 1 Hz and 25 Hz are equally reduced in the good fellow eye with no macular hole. A one-year follow-up showed that two of the 10 patients (20 per cent) did eventually develop a macular hole in the normal fellow eye. This indicates that there is some subclinical foveal dysfunction in the normal fellow eye, the nature of which is unclear.
    Study site: Manchester Royal Eye Hospital (MREH), United Kingdom
    Matched MeSH terms: Color Perception*
  2. Fulltext Visual problems of new malaysian drivers
    Haliza A, Md Muziman Syah M, Norliza M
    Malays Fam Physician, 2010;5(2):95-8.
    PMID: 25606195 MyJurnal
    PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of poor visual acuity, colour blindness and visual field defect of new Malaysian drivers.

    METHODS: A total of 3717 new drivers (50.2% males and 49.8% females) age 19±6 years, voluntarily participated in this study. Standard optometric apparatus such as LogMAR Charts, Ishihara plates and HandHeld Bernell Perimeter were used and standard procedures were applied.

    RESULTS: The visual examination showed 6.7% (n=250) of subjects achieved less than 0.3 LogMAR with better eye whilst 2.2% (n=83) had failed the Ishihara Test (2.1% males and 0.1% females). Most of the affected drivers were deutranopia. Only 2094 subjects had their visual field using a mobile Handheld Bernell Perimeter. 1.72% (n=36) subjects have less than 120 degrees of peripheral field of vision.

    CONCLUSIONS: The visual status among new Malaysian drivers needs to be taken seriously to ensure safe driving. Other factors such as colour vision and visual field screening have to be considered seriously when evaluating the visual performance of a driver. Good visual performance is indispensible for safe driving.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color Vision Defects; Color Vision
  3. Optimization of Bleaching Parameters in Refining Process of Kenaf Seed Oil with a Central Composite Design Model
    Chew SC, Tan CP, Nyam KL
    J Food Sci, 2017 Jul;82(7):1622-1630.
    PMID: 28608553 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13758
    Kenaf seed oil has been suggested to be used as nutritious edible oil due to its unique fatty acid composition and nutritional value. The objective of this study was to optimize the bleaching parameters of the chemical refining process for kenaf seed oil, namely concentration of bleaching earth (0.5 to 2.5% w/w), temperature (30 to 110 °C) and time (5 to 65 min) based on the responses of total oxidation value (TOTOX) and color reduction using response surface methodology. The results indicated that the corresponding response surface models were highly statistical significant (P < 0.0001) and sufficient to describe and predict TOTOX value and color reduction with R2 of 0.9713 and 0.9388, respectively. The optimal parameters in the bleaching stage of kenaf seed oil were: 1.5% w/w of the concentration of bleaching earth, temperature of 70 °C, and time of 40 min. These optimum parameters produced bleached kenaf seed oil with TOTOX value of 8.09 and color reduction of 32.95%. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between experimental and predicted values, indicating the adequacy of the fitted models.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color*
  4. Cross-Sensory Correspondences: Heaviness is Dark and Low-Pitched
    Walker P, Scallon G, Francis B
    Perception, 2017 Jul;46(7):772-792.
    PMID: 28622755 DOI: 10.1177/0301006616684369
    Everyday language reveals how stimuli encoded in one sensory feature domain can possess qualities normally associated with a different domain (e.g., higher pitch sounds are bright, light in weight, sharp, and thin). Such cross-sensory associations appear to reflect crosstalk among aligned (corresponding) feature dimensions, including brightness, heaviness, and sharpness. Evidence for heaviness being one such dimension is very limited, with heaviness appearing primarily as a verbal associate of other feature contrasts (e.g., darker objects and lower pitch sounds are heavier than their opposites). Given the presumed bidirectionality of the crosstalk between corresponding dimensions, heaviness should itself induce the cross-sensory associations observed elsewhere, including with brightness and pitch. Taking care to dissociate effects arising from the size and mass of an object, this is confirmed. When hidden objects varying independently in size and mass are lifted, objects that feel heavier are judged to be darker and to make lower pitch sounds than objects feeling less heavy. These judgements track the changes in perceived heaviness induced by the size-weight illusion. The potential involvement of language, natural scene statistics, and Bayesian processes in correspondences, and the effects they induce, is considered.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color Perception/physiology*
  5. Redness enhances perceived aggression, dominance and attractiveness in men's faces
    Stephen ID, Oldham FH, Perrett DI, Barton RA
    Evol Psychol, 2012 Aug 17;10(3):562-72.
    PMID: 22947678
    In a range of non-human primate, bird and fish species, the intensity of red coloration in males is associated with social dominance, testosterone levels and mate selection. In humans too, skin redness is associated with health, but it is not known whether--as in non-human species--it is also associated with dominance and links to attractiveness have not been thoroughly investigated. Here we allow female participants to manipulate the CIELab a* value (red-green axis) of skin to maximize the perceived aggression, dominance and attractiveness of photographs of men's faces, and make two findings. First, participants increased a* (increasing redness) to enhance each attribute, suggesting that facial redness is perceived as conveying similar information about a male's qualities in humans as it does in non-human species. Second, there were significant differences between trial types: the highest levels of red were associated with aggression, an intermediate level with dominance, and the least with attractiveness. These differences may reflect a trade-off between the benefits of selecting a healthy, dominant partner and the negative consequences of aggression.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color*
  6. Fulltext Cross-cultural differences in crossmodal correspondences between basic tastes and visual features
    Wan X, Woods AT, van den Bosch JJ, McKenzie KJ, Velasco C, Spence C
    Front Psychol, 2014;5:1365.
    PMID: 25538643 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01365
    We report a cross-cultural study designed to investigate crossmodal correspondences between a variety of visual features (11 colors, 15 shapes, and 2 textures) and the five basic taste terms (bitter, salty, sour, sweet, and umami). A total of 452 participants from China, India, Malaysia, and the USA viewed color patches, shapes, and textures online and had to choose the taste term that best matched the image and then rate their confidence in their choice. Across the four groups of participants, the results revealed a number of crossmodal correspondences between certain colors/shapes and bitter, sour, and sweet tastes. Crossmodal correspondences were also documented between the color white and smooth/rough textures on the one hand and the salt taste on the other. Cross-cultural differences were observed in the correspondences between certain colors, shapes, and one of the textures and the taste terms. The taste-patterns shown by the participants from the four countries tested in the present study are quite different from one another, and these differences cannot easily be attributed merely to whether a country is Eastern or Western. These findings therefore highlight the impact of cultural background on crossmodal correspondences. As such, they raise a number of interesting questions regarding the neural mechanisms underlying crossmodal correspondences.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  7. Fulltext Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Red Ginseng Extracts or Red Ginseng Hydrolyzates-added Asiago Cheese during Ripening
    Choi KH, Min JY, Ganesan P, Bae IH, Kwak HS
    Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 2015 Jan;28(1):120-6.
    PMID: 25557683 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0056
    This study was carried out to investigate physicochemical properties of different concentrations (0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%) of red ginseng hydrolyzates (RGH)- or red ginseng extract (RGE)-added Asiago cheeses (AC) during ripening at 14°C for 4 months. The moisture content significantly increased with increasing concentrations of both RGH- and RGE- added AC (p<0.05). While RGHAC and RGEAC were more yellow and darker with increasing concentrations than that of control (p<0.05), the color was not influenced from the hydrolysis. In texture analysis, hardness, cohesiveness, and chewiness of RGHAC and RGEAC significantly decreased compared to the control during the ripening (p<0.05). In sensory analysis, bitterness and ginseng flavor and taste scores increased significantly with increasing the concentrations of RGH and RGE during ripening (p<0.05). In conclusion, the addition of RGH and RGE into cheese slightly influenced the properties of Asiago cheese, and similarities were observed between RGHAC and RGEAC. Thus, the lower concentrations (0.1% to 0.3%) of RGH and RGE added to AC were preferred for color, texture, and sensory during the ripening, therefore, these cheeses would be worth developing commercially.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  8. Fulltext Robust observation detection for single object tracking: deterministic and probabilistic patch-based approaches
    Zulkifley MA, Rawlinson D, Moran B
    Sensors (Basel), 2012;12(11):15638-70.
    PMID: 23202226 DOI: 10.3390/s121115638
    In video analytics, robust observation detection is very important as the content of the videos varies a lot, especially for tracking implementation. Contrary to the image processing field, the problems of blurring, moderate deformation, low illumination surroundings, illumination change and homogenous texture are normally encountered in video analytics. Patch-Based Observation Detection (PBOD) is developed to improve detection robustness to complex scenes by fusing both feature- and template-based recognition methods. While we believe that feature-based detectors are more distinctive,however, for finding the matching between the frames are best achieved by a collection of points as in template-based detectors. Two methods of PBOD-the deterministic and probabilistic approaches-have been tested to find the best mode of detection. Both algorithms start by building comparison vectors at each detected points of interest. The vectors are matched to build candidate patches based on their respective coordination. For the deterministic method, patch matching is done in 2-level test where threshold-based position and size smoothing are applied to the patch with the highest correlation value. Forthe second approach, patch matching is done probabilistically by modelling the histograms of the patches by Poisson distributions for both RGB and HSV colour models. Then,maximum likelihood is applied for position smoothing while a Bayesian approach is appliedfor size smoothing. The result showed that probabilistic PBOD outperforms the deterministic approach with average distance error of 10.03% compared with 21.03%. This algorithm is best implemented as a complement to other simpler detection methods due to heavy processing requirement.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  9. Fulltext Review of the Southeast Asian millipede genus Antheromorpha Jeekel, 1968 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae)
    Likhitrakarn N, Golovatch SI, Panha S
    Zookeys, 2016.
    PMID: 27110157 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.571.7566
    The genus Antheromorpha is redefined and shown to comprise 11 valid species: Antheromorpha miranda (Pocock, 1895), Antheromorpha bistriata (Pocock, 1895), Antheromorpha comotti (Pocock, 1895), Antheromorpha festiva (Brölemann, 1896), Antheromorpha harpaga (Attems, 1937), Antheromorpha mediovirgata (Carl, 1941), Antheromorpha minlana (Pocock, 1895), Antheromorpha pardalis (Pocock, 1895), Antheromorpha paviei (Brölemann, 1896), comb. n., Antheromorpha rosea Golovatch, 2013 and Antheromorpha uncinata (Attems, 1931). Three new synonymies are proposed: Antheromorpha bivittata (Pocock, 1895) and Antheromorpha melanopleuris (Pocock, 1895) are synonymized under Antheromorpha miranda (Pocock, 1895), and Antheromorpha orophila (Carl, 1941) under Antheromorpha comotti (Pocock, 1895). Detailed descriptions and illustrations of fresh material from Thailand and Malaysia are given, especially regarding colour patterns which appear to be crucial for accurate species identifications. Two Antheromorpha species proposed by Attems are redescribed, based on type material. The genus is rediagnosed and a key and a distribution map are also provided. At least in Thailand, adult Antheromorpha rosea have been found to occur every year only for one or two weeks in September or October, disappearing thereafter.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  10. Fulltext Effect of pink guava oil-palm stearin blends and lard on dough properties and cookies quality
    Noor Raihana, A.R., Marikkar, J.M.N., Jaswir, I., Nurrulhidayah, A.F., Miskandar, M.S.
    International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(101):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    A study was carried out to compare the cookie dough properties and cookie quality made out
    of pink guava oil-palm stearin blends and lard (LD). Since LD is prohibited under religious
    restrictions, plant shortenings were prepared by mixing pink guava seed oil with palm stearin
    (PGO/PS) in different ratios: PGO-1, 40:60; PGO-2, 45:55; PGO-3, 50:50; PGO-4; 55:45 as
    replacement. The effect of these formulated plant-based shortenings and LD shortening were
    compared on dough rheological properties and cookie quality. Rheology and hardness of the
    cookie dough were evaluated using Texture Analyser (TA). Cookie hardness was evaluated
    with TA while cookie surface colors were measured using the CIE L*a*b* colorimetric system.
    Among the samples, cookies made out of PGO-2 with the ratio 45:55 (PGO:PS) performed the
    best substitute for LD to be used as shortening in cookies. PGO-2 also displayed the closest
    similarity to LD in cookies for hardness, size and thickness, cracking size as well as colour.
    As PGO-2 was a shortening formulated with plant-based ingredients, it could comply with the
    halal and toyyiban requirements.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color; Colorimetry
  11. Fulltext The effect of Atmospheric Cold Plasma (ACP) treatment on colour, water activity, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of mango flour noodles during storage
    Abidin, N.S.A., Rukunudin, I.H., Zaaba, S.K., Wan Omar, W.A.
    International Food Research Journal, 2018;25(4):1444-1449.
    MyJurnal
    This work aimed to evaluate the effect of Atmospheric Cold Plasma (ACP) on the quality of mango flour noodles (NMF). ACP treatment of 5 minutes duration on the surface of the noodles strands were performed and evaluated during three days of storage by monitoring parameters related to colour, water activity, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. The lightness value (L*) was higher for untreated samples (NMF (U)) than for treated samples (NMF (T)), while a greater increased in the redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) values were observed for the NMF (T). The changes in aw, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content (TPC) were negligible. However the NMF (T) showed significant different (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  12. Oviposition site preference of Aedes albopictus in the laboratory
    Yap HH, Lee CY, Chong NL, Foo AE, Lim MP
    J Am Mosq Control Assoc, 1995 Mar;11(1):128-32.
    PMID: 7616179
    Several parameters on the oviposition site preference of Aedes albopictus were studied, including color, container type, salinity, and water type. Dark-colored glass jars, especially black, blue, and red ones were preferred over light-colored jars. The black-colored ovitrap with a paper strip performed better than other types of containers. Seasoned tap water had the highest egg count when compared with a saline water series. In addition, water that had previously been used for the culture of Ae. albopictus was the most preferred for oviposition. The significance of this study in conjunction with the present Aedes mosquito surveillance and monitoring program is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  13. Application of Bpw34 photodiode and cold white LED as diagnostic X-ray detectors: A comparative analysis
    Damulira E, Yusoff MNS, Omar AF, Mohd Taib NH, Ahmed NM
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2021 Apr;170:109622.
    PMID: 33592486 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109622
    This study compares the real-time dosimetric performance of a bpw34 photodiode (PD) and cold white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on diagnostic X-ray-induced signals. Signals were extracted when both the transducers were under identical exposure settings, including source-to-detector distance (SDD), tube voltage (kVp), and current-time product (mAs). The transducers were in a photovoltaic configuration, and black vinyl tape was applied on transducer active areas as a form of optical shielding. X-ray beam spectra and energies were simulated using Matlab-based Spektr functions. Transducer performance analysis was based on signal linearity to mAs and air kerma, and sensitivity dependence on absorbed dose, energy, and dose rate. Bpw34 PD and cold white LED output signals were 84.8% and 85.5% precise, respectively. PD signals were 94.7% linear to mAs, whereas LED signals were 91.9%. PD and LED signal linearity to dose coefficients were 0.9397 and 0.9128, respectively. Both transducers exhibited similar dose and energy dependence. However, cold white LEDs were 0.73% less dose rate dependent than the bpw34 PD. Cold white LEDs demonstrated potential in detecting diagnostic X-rays because their performance was similar to that of the bpw34 PD. Moreover, the cold white LED array's dosimetric response was independent of the heel effect. Although cold white LED signals were lower than bpw34 PD signals, they were quantifiable and electronically amplifiable.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  14. Fulltext Liquid Biphasic Electric Partitioning System as a Novel Integration Process for Betacyanins Extraction From Red-Purple Pitaya and Antioxidant Properties Assessment
    Leong HY, Chang YK, Ooi CW, Law CL, Julkifle AL, Show PL
    Front Chem, 2019;7:201.
    PMID: 31001522 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00201
    Nowadays, downstream bioprocessing industries inclines towards the development of a green and high efficient bioseparation technology. Betacyanins are presently gaining higher interest in the food science as driven by their high tinctorial strength and health promoting functional properties. In this study, a novel green integration process of liquid biphasic electric partitioning system (LBEPS) was proposed for betacyanins extraction from peel and flesh of red-purple pitaya. Initially, the betacyanins extraction using LBEPS with initial settings was compared with that of liquid biphasic partitioning system (LBPS), and the results revealed that both systems demonstrated a comparable betacyanins extraction. This was followed by further optimizing the LBEPS for better betacyanins extraction. Several operating parameters including operation time, voltage applied, and position of graphitic electrodes in the system were investigated. Moreover, comparison between optimized LBEPS and LBPS with optimized conditions of electric system (as post-treatment) as well as color characterization and antioxidant properties assessment were conducted. Overall, the betacyanins extraction employing the optimized LBEPS showed the significant highest values of betacyanins concentration in alcohol-rich top phase (C
    t
    ) and partition coefficient (K) of betacyanins from peel (99.256 ± 0.014% and 133.433 ± 2.566) and flesh (97.189 ± 0.172% and 34.665 ± 2.253) of red-purple pitaya. These results inferred that an optimal betacyanins extraction was successfully achieved by this approach. Also, the LBEPS with the peel and flesh showed phase volume ratio (V
    r
    ) values of 1.667 and 2.167, respectively, and this indicated that they have a clear biphasic separation. In addition, the peel and flesh extract obtained from the optimized LBEPS demonstrated different variations of red color as well as their antioxidant properties were well-retained. This article introduces a new, reliable, and effective bioseparation approach for the extraction of biomolecules, which is definitely worth to explore further as a bioseparation tool in the downstream bioprocessing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  15. Fulltext Effect of the Roasting Conditions on the Physicochemical, Quality and Sensory Attributes of Coffee-Like Powder and Brew from Defatted Palm Date Seeds
    Fikry M, Yusof YA, Al-Awaadh AM, Rahman RA, Chin NL, Mousa E, et al.
    Foods, 2019 Feb 06;8(2).
    PMID: 30736332 DOI: 10.3390/foods8020061
    Developing a bioactive brew is a novel track for revalorization of palm date byproducts. The effect of roasting temperature (160, 180 and 200 °C ) and roasting time (10, 20 and 30 min) on the hardness of the roasted date seeds, moisture content of the defatted roasted date seed powder (DRDSP), bulk density of the DRDSP, color parameters of DRDSP, quality attributes (extraction yield, pH and browning index), the chemical properties (antioxidants and total phenolic content) and the sensory attributes (color, aroma, taste and overall preference) of the brew prepared from DRDSP was studied. The physicochemical, quality, and sensory attributes were found to be significantly influenced by the roasting temperature and time. Additionally, the models proposed could satisfactorily describe the changes in the different properties during the roasting process. The optimum conditions of the roasting process obtained using the superimposed contour plot were 199.9 °C and 21.5 min. In the longer term, the results of this study would be beneficial for the manufacturers of the date seeds powder and brew.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  16. Fulltext Fabrication of Concentrated Palm Olein-Based Diacylglycerol Oil-Soybean Oil Blend Oil-In-Water Emulsion: In-Depth Study of the Rheological Properties and Storage Stability
    Ng SP, Khor YP, Lim HK, Lai OM, Wang Y, Wang Y, et al.
    Foods, 2020 Jul 03;9(7).
    PMID: 32635372 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070877
    The present study focused on investigating the storage stability of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions with high oil volume fractions prepared with palm olein-based diacylglycerol oil (POL-DAG)/soybean oil (SBO) blends at 25 °C. The incorporation of different ratios of oil blends significantly influenced (p < 0.05) the texture, color, droplet size distribution, and rheological parameters of the emulsions. Only emulsions incorporated with 10% to 20% POL-DAG in oil phase exhibited pseudoplastic behavior that fitted the Power Law model well. Furthermore, the O/W emulsions prepared with POL-DAG/SBO blends exhibited elastic properties, with G' higher than G". During storage, the emulsion was found to be less solid-like with the increase in tan δ values. All emulsions produced with POL-DAG/SBO blends also showed thixotropic behavior. Optical microscopy revealed that the POL-DAG incorporation above 40% caused aggregated droplets to coalesce and flocculate and, thus, larger droplet sizes were observed. The current results demonstrated that the 20% POL-DAG substituted emulsion was more stable than the control emulsion. The valuable insights gained from this study would be able to generate a lot more possible applications using POL-DAG, which could further sustain the competitiveness of the palm oil industry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  17. Green synthesis, characterization and applications of silver nanoparticle mediated by the aqueous extract of red onion peel
    Tan Sian Hui Abdullah HS, Aqlili Riana Mohd Asseri SN, Khursyiah Wan Mohamad WN, Kan SY, Azmi AA, Yong Julius FS, et al.
    Environ Pollut, 2021 Feb 15;271:116295.
    PMID: 33383429 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116295
    This manuscript describes the reuse of biowaste for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their applications. In particular, we hypothesized that the phytochemicals in the onion peels could act as reductant for silver nanoparticles syntheses. AgNO3 solution (1 mmol) was added dropwise to an aqueous solution of onion peel extract in 3:7 ratio. The reaction mixture was subjected to heating at 90 °C for about 30 min. During the synthesis of the AgNPs, the change of the colour of solution was observed. The AgNPs solution was centrifuged to obtain the two layers, which consists of clear solution and solid layers at 12000 rpm for 30 min. The precipitate was filtered and was re-dispersed in deionised water (25 mL). The solution was centrifuged again to obtain the purified AgNPs. Subsequently, this solution was freeze dried for 48 h to afford the powdered AgNPs. In this work, the structure of the AgNPs were synthesized in spherical shape, with an average size of 12.5 nm observed in the Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. For catalytic application, the synthesized AgNPs could be applied as green catalyst to promote Knoevenagel and Hantzsch reactions. In most cases, the desired products were obtained in satisfactory yields. In addition, the AgNPs were found to be recyclable for the subsequent reactions. After five successive runs, the average isolated yields for both transformations were recorded to be 91% (Knoevenagel condensation) and 94% (Hantzsch reaction), which indicated that the existing AgNPs could apply as green catalyst in the field of organic synthesis. Furthermore, the AgNPs also showed satisfactory result in antioxidant activity. The current results indicate that the AgNPs can act as alternative antioxidant agent and green catalyst in mediating organic transformations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  18. Fulltext UVC dosage effects on the physico-chemical properties of lime (Citrus aurantifolia) juice
    Mohd-Hanif H, Shamsudin R, Adzahan NM
    Food Sci Biotechnol, 2016;25(Suppl 1):63-67.
    PMID: 30263487 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0099-2
    Lime juice is in high demand due to a sour taste. Commercial thermal pasteurization extends juice shelf-life; however, fruit juice subjected to thermal pasteurization tends to change color and lose vitamin content. Lime juice was irradiated with ultraviolet-C (UVC) at dosages of 22.76, 30.19, and 44.24 mJ/cm2 to investigate effects on the physicochemical properties of lime juice. pH values of lime juice did not change while total soluble solids, turbidity, titratable acidity, sweetness, and color values of lime juice did change after UV treatments. Changes in quality index indicators were prominent at the highest UV dosage of 44.24 mJ/cm2. A low UVC dosage was effective for treatment of lime juice with minimal changes in juice properties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  19. Luminescent polymorphic aggregates of trinuclear Cu(I)-pyrazolate tuned by intertrimeric CuNPy weak coordination bonds
    Zhan SZ, Chen W, Zheng J, Ng SW, Li D
    Dalton Trans, 2021 Jan 18.
    PMID: 33459321 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03661g
    Five luminescent polymorphic aggregates of trinuclear Cu(i)-pyrazolate, namely [anti-Cu3L3]2 (1), [syn-Cu3L3·C2H5OH]2 (2), [anti-Cu3L3·C2H5OH]n (3), [anti-Cu3L3·0.5C7H8]n (4) and [syn-Cu3L3·C8H10]n (5) (HL = 4-(pyridin-4-ylthio)-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole), were reported. The trimeric Cu3L3 fragments present syn- and anti-conformations dependent on the dangled direction of 4-pyridyl groups on the two sides of the Cu3Pz3 plane (Pz = pyrazolate). Intertrimeric NPyCu weak coordination bonds associate these Cu3L3 fragments together to form dimeric or polymeric structures, which are further stabilized by crystallized solvent molecules or intertrimeric CuCu interactions. The solvated complexes (3-5) may be transformed into the unsolvated complex 1 by evacuation of the crystallized solvents upon heating. All these complexes emit from green to yellow under UV irradiation, which originated from the triplet excited states of metal to ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) mixed with intertrimeric CuCu interactions. This work provides a novel kind of supramolecular aggregate based on Cu3Pz3 beyond the classical π-acidbase adducts and metallophilicity-dependent dimers/oligomers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  20. Spectrophotometric evaluation of the efficacy of natural versus commercial bleaching agents
    Kohli S, Al-Haddad A, Siew AY, Nam WL, Hamdan HD, Roslan QA
    Am J Dent, 2021 04;34(2):75-79.
    PMID: 33940663
    PURPOSE: To compare the bleaching efficacy of in-office (Opalescence), professional home (LumiBrite), over the counter (WhiteLight) and natural (strawberry extract) bleaching agents.

    METHODS: 80 teeth were selected and divided into two groups which were stained with black coffee and red wine respectively. The stained specimens were subdivided into four subgroups to be bleached with Opalescence, LumiBrite, WhiteLight and strawberry extract. Color measurements were made using spectrophotometer at baseline level, after staining, after bleaching and 1 week after bleaching. The ΔE₀₀ was calculated post bleaching (ΔE₀₀1), after 1-week follow up (ΔE₀₀2) and color changes between 1-week follow up and baseline (ΔE₀₀3). Data were analyzed by paired t-test and ANOVA with a significant difference of P< 0.05.

    RESULTS: Paired t-test showed significant differences in ΔE₀₀1 and ΔE₀₀2 for both stained specimens (P< 0.001). For black coffee stained specimens, Whitelight had significantly higher ΔE₀₀2 compared to the other bleaching agents (P< 0.05). For red wine stain, Whitelight also showed the significantly lowest ΔE₀₀1 (P< 0.001) and the highest ΔE₀₀2 (P< 0.001) compared to other groups. LumiBrite showed the significantly lowest ΔE₀₀3 for red wine stained specimens (P< 0.05). Whitelight had the poorest bleaching efficacy with deterioration effect after 1-week follow up. Opalescence, LumiBrite and strawberry extract had clinically perceptible and comparable bleaching efficacy. Strawberry extract appeared to be a potential natural bleaching agent with a desirable effect.

    CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Commercial tooth bleaching agents can cause several undesirable side effects such as damage to enamel, hypersensitivity and even affecting the pulp. Strawberry extract is a natural, effective bleaching agent that may have reduced side effects.

    Matched MeSH terms: Color
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