Displaying publications 1421 - 1440 of 5118 in total

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  1. Fulltext Use of Single-Injection Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vaccine to Protect Nonhuman Primates Against Lethal Nipah Virus Disease
    Mire CE, Geisbert JB, Agans KN, Versteeg KM, Deer DJ, Satterfield BA, et al.
    Emerg Infect Dis, 2019 Jun;25(6):1144-1152.
    PMID: 31107231 DOI: 10.3201/eid2506.181620
    Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes high case-fatality rates (CFRs) in humans. Two NiV strains have caused outbreaks: the Malaysia strain (NiVM), discovered in 1998-1999 in Malaysia and Singapore (≈40% CFR); and the Bangladesh strain (NiVB), discovered in Bangladesh and India in 2001 (≈80% CFR). Recently, NiVB in African green monkeys resulted in a more severe and lethal disease than NiVM. No NiV vaccines or treatments are licensed for human use. We assessed replication-restricted single-injection recombinant vesicular stomatitis vaccine NiV vaccine vectors expressing the NiV glycoproteins against NiVB challenge in African green monkeys. All vaccinated animals survived to the study endpoint without signs of NiV disease; all showed development of NiV F Ig, NiV G IgG, or both, as well as neutralizing antibody titers. These data show protective efficacy against a stringent and relevant NiVB model of human infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Monkey Diseases/pathology
  2. Integrating color histogram analysis and convolutional neural networks for skin lesion classification
    Rasel MA, Kareem SA, Obaidellah U
    Comput Biol Med, 2024 Dec;183:109250.
    PMID: 39395346 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.109250
    The color of skin lesions is a crucial diagnostic feature for identifying malignant melanoma and other skin diseases. Typical colors associated with melanocytic lesions include tan, brown, black, red, white, and blue-gray. This study introduces a novel feature: the number of colors present in lesions, which can indicate the severity of skin diseases and help distinguish melanomas from benign lesions. We propose a color histogram analysis, a traditional image processing technique, to analyze the pixels of skin lesions from three publicly available datasets: PH2, ISIC2016, and Med-Node, which include dermoscopic and non-dermoscopic images. While the PH2 dataset contains ground truth about skin lesion colors, the ISIC2016 and Med-Node datasets lack such annotations; our algorithm establishes this ground truth using the color histogram analysis based on the PH2 dataset. We then design and train a 19-layer Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with different skip connections of residual blocks to classify lesions into three categories based on the number of colors present. The DeepDream algorithm is utilized to visualize the learned features of different layers, and multiple configurations of the proposed CNN are tested, achieving the highest weighted F1-score of 75.00 % on the test set. LIME is subsequently applied to identify the most important features influencing the model's decision-making. The findings demonstrate that the number of colors in lesions is a significant feature for describing skin conditions. The proposed CNN, particularly with three skip connections, shows strong potential for clinical application in diagnosing melanoma, supporting its use alongside traditional diagnostic methods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Skin/pathology
  3. Fulltext Case Report: Fatal Human Leptospirosis Caused by Leptospira interrogans Genotype ST149
    Rao M, Amran F, Kamaruzaman AA, Hakim Esa HA, Abdul Hameed A, Mohamed Shabery NA
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2021 Jan;104(1):216-218.
    PMID: 33289472 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0267
    Leptospirosis is an important zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution and nonspecific clinical manifestation. We report a case of fatal leptospirosis in a previously healthy woman with a causative agent. A young adult Indian woman was brought in dead to the forensic department. Ten days before, she developed fever, dizziness with headache, myalgia, diarrhea, and vomiting. Routine inquest and autopsy were performed on the deceased, revealing hemorrhagic lungs with extensive intra-alveolar hemorrhages, pale liver with dissociation and separation of hepatocyte plates, and edematous brain with histiocyte and lymphocyte infiltration in the parenchyma and meninges. Heart tissue depicts myocarditis and pericarditis inflammatory changes. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was turbid in appearance with mildly elevated leukocytes, predominantly lymphocytes. Real-time PCR targeting lipL32 gene of pathogenic Leptospira was detected in the blood, CSF, brain, kidney, heart, and liver. The genetic profile of the causative agent was ST149 (multi-locus sequence typing Scheme 3). This study illustrates the usefulness of Leptospira PCR assay in postmortem diagnosis and addresses the need for further surveillance to identify the epidemiological link of the disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leptospirosis/pathology*
  4. Fulltext Evaluating the role of aldosterone synthesis on adrenal cell fate
    Aminuddin A, Brown MJ, Azizan EA
    Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2024;15:1423027.
    PMID: 39170743 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1423027
    Hypertension affects one-third of the adult population worldwide, with primary aldosteronism (PA) accounting for at least 5-10% of these cases. The aldosterone synthase enzyme (CYP11B2) plays a pivotal role in PA manifestation, as increased expression of CYP11B2 leads to excess aldosterone synthesis. Physiological expression of CYP11B2 in humans is normally limited to cells of the adrenal zona glomerulosa under tight homeostatic regulation. In PA, however, there are CYP11B2-positive lesions in the adrenal cortex that autonomously secrete aldosterone, highlighting the dysregulation of adrenal cortex zonation and function as a key aspect of PA pathogenesis. Thus, this review aims to summarize the development of the adrenal glands, the key regulators of adrenal cortex homeostasis, and the dysregulation of this homeostasis. It also discusses the development of CYP11B2 inhibitors for therapeutic use in patients with hypertension, as well as the current knowledge of the effects of CYP11B2 inhibition on adrenal cortex homeostasis and cell fate. Understanding the control of adrenal cell fate may offer valuable insights into both the pathogenesis of PA and the development of alternative treatment approaches for PA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypertension/pathology
  5. Novel detoxifier of spironolactone against triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity through inhibition of RPB1 degradation
    Qiang L, Lee SH, Xiao P, Chunhui L, Lei G, Shaoli C, et al.
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2025 Jan 10;336:118722.
    PMID: 39182704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118722
    ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Triptolide is a major bioactive and toxic ingredient isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii (T. wilfordii) Hook F. It exhibits potent antitumor, immunosuppressive, and anti-inflammatory biological activities; however, its clinical application is hindered by severe systemic toxicity. Two preparations of T. wilfordii, including T. wilfordii glycoside tablets and T. wilfordii tablets, containing triptolide, are commonly used in clinical practice. However, their adverse side effects, particularly hepatotoxicity, limit their safe use. Therefore, it is crucial to discover potent and specific detoxification medicines for triptolide.

    AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to investigate the detoxification effects and potential mechanism of action of spironolactone on triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity to provide a potential detoxifying strategy for triptolide, thereby promoting the safe applications of T. wilfordii preparations in clinical settings.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cell viability was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and crystal violet staining. Nuclear fragmentation was visualized using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, and protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting. The inhibitory effect of spironolactone on triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity was evaluated by examining the effects of spironolactone on serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, as well as liver pathology in a mouse model of triptolide-induced acute hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, a survival assay was performed to investigate the effects of spironolactone on the survival rate of mice exposed to a lethal dose of triptolide. The effect of spironolactone on triptolide-induced global transcriptional repression was assessed through 5-ethynyl uridine staining.

    RESULTS: Triptolide treatment decreased the cell viability, increased the nuclear fragmentation and the cleaved caspase-3 levels in both hepatoma cells and hepatocytes. It also increased the alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, induced the hepatocyte swelling and necrosis, and led to seven deaths out of 11 mice. The above effects could be mitigated by pretreatment with spironolactone. Additionally, molecular mechanism exploration unveiled that spironolactone inhibited triptolide-induced DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1 degradation, consequently increased the fluorescence intensity of 5-ethynyl uridine staining for nascent RNA.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that spironolactone exhibits a potent detoxification role against triptolide hepatotoxicity, through inhibition of RPB1 degradation induced by triptolide and, in turn, retardation of global transcriptional inhibition in affected cells. These findings suggest a potential detoxification strategy for triptolide that may contribute to the safe use of T. wilfordii preparations.

    Matched MeSH terms: Liver/pathology
  6. Fulltext Pirfenidone improves early cardiac function following myocardial infarction by enhancing the elastin/collagen ratio
    Yu Y, Xu Y, Chen J, Yao Y, Liu Y, Chen Y, et al.
    Biomed Pharmacother, 2024 Sep;178:117254.
    PMID: 39142250 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117254
    BACKGROUND: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with reduced elastin/collagen ratios exacerbating cardiac dysfunction due to collagen-rich scar tissue replacing necrotic myocardial cells. This study aims to evaluate pirfenidone's therapeutic effect on early cardiac function post-AMI and elucidate its impact on the elastin/collagen ratio.

    METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Sham, AMI, AMI treated with PBS (AMI-PBS), and AMI treated with pirfenidone (AMI-PFD) (n=12 each). AMI was induced via coronary artery ligation. The AMI-PFD and AMI-PBS groups received pirfenidone and PBS for 14 days, respectively. Cardiac function, fibrosis, serum cytokines, collagen and elastin content, and their ratios were assessed. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) from neonatal rats were categorized into control, hypoxia-induced (LO), LO+PBS, and LO+PFD groups. ELISA measured inflammatory factors, and RT-PCR analyzed collagen and elastin gene expression.

    RESULTS: The AMI-PFD group showed improved cardiac function and reduced serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Type I and III collagen decreased by 22.6 % (P=0.0441) and 34.4 % (P=0.0427), respectively, while elastin content increased by 79.4 % (P=0.0126). E/COLI and E/COLIII ratios rose by 81.1 % (P=0.0026) and 88.1 % (P=0.0006). CFs in the LO+PFD group exhibited decreased IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β, type I and III collagen, with increased elastin mRNA, enhancing the elastin/collagen ratio.

    CONCLUSION: Pirfenidone enhances cardiac function by augmenting the early elastin/collagen ratio post-AMI.

    Matched MeSH terms: Myocardium/pathology
  7. A Soft-Tissue Driven Bone Remodeling Algorithm for Mandibular Residual Ridge Resorption Based on Patient CT Image Data
    Zhong J, Huang W, Ahmad R, Chen J, Wu C, Hu J, et al.
    Adv Healthc Mater, 2024 Sep;13(22):e2400091.
    PMID: 38722148 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400091
    The role of the biomechanical stimulation generated from soft tissue has not been well quantified or separated from the self-regulated hard tissue remodeling governed by Wolff's Law. Prosthodontic overdentures, commonly used to restore masticatory functions, can cause localized ischemia and inflammation as they often compress patients' oral mucosa and impede local circulation. This biomechanical stimulus in mucosa is found to accelerate the self-regulated residual ridge resorption (RRR), posing ongoing clinical challenges. Based on the dedicated long-term clinical datasets, this work develops an in-silico framework with a combination of techniques, including advanced image post-processing, patient-specific finite element models and unsupervised machine learning Self-Organizing map algorithm, to identify the soft tissue induced RRR and quantitatively elucidate the governing relationship between the RRR and hydrostatic pressure in mucosa. The proposed governing equation has not only enabled a predictive simulation for RRR as showcased in this study, providing a biomechanical basis for optimizing prosthodontic treatments, but also extended the understanding of the mechanobiological responses in the soft-hard tissue interfaces and the role in bone remodeling.
    Matched MeSH terms: Alveolar Bone Loss/pathology
  8. Fulltext Therapeutic effects of surgical debulking of metastatic lymph nodes in cervical cancer IIICr: a trial protocol for a phase III, multicenter, randomized controlled study (KGOG1047/DEBULK trial)
    Yun BS, Lee KB, Lee KH, Chang HK, Kim JY, Lim MC, et al.
    J Gynecol Oncol, 2024 Sep;35(5):e57.
    PMID: 38330380 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2024.35.e57
    BACKGROUND: Bulky or multiple lymph node (LN) metastases are associated with poor prognosis in cervical cancer, and the size or number of LN metastases is not yet reflected in the staging system and therapeutic strategy. Although the therapeutic effects of surgical resection of bulky LNs before standard treatment have been reported in several retrospective studies, well-planned randomized clinical studies are lacking. Therefore, the aim of the Korean Gynecologic Oncology Group (KGOG) 1047/DEBULK trial is to investigate whether the debulking surgery of bulky or multiple LNs prior to concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) improves the survival rate of patients with cervical cancer IIICr diagnosed by imaging tests.

    METHODS: The KGOG 1047/DEBULK trial is a phase III, multicenter, randomized clinical trial involving patients with bulky or multiple LN metastases in cervical cancer IIICr. This study will include patients with a short-axis diameter of a pelvic or para-aortic LN ≥2 cm or ≥3 LNs with a short-axis diameter ≥1 cm and for whom CCRT is planned. The treatment arms will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either receive CCRT (control arm) or undergo surgical debulking of bulky or multiple LNs before CCRT (experimental arm). CCRT consists of extended-field external beam radiotherapy/pelvic radiotherapy, brachytherapy and LN boost, and weekly chemotherapy with cisplatin (40 mg/m²), 4-6 times administered intravenously. The primary endpoint will be 3-year progression-free survival rate. The secondary endpoints will be 3-year overall survival rate, treatment-related complications, and accuracy of radiological diagnosis of bulky or multiple LNs.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05421650; Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0007137.

    Matched MeSH terms: Lymph Nodes/pathology
  9. Fulltext Immuno-pathomechanism of liver fibrosis: targeting chemokine CCL2-mediated HIV:HCV nexus
    Ansari AW, Schmidt RE, Shankar EM, Kamarulzaman A
    J Transl Med, 2014;12:341.
    PMID: 25528160 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0341-8
    Even in the era of successful combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), co-infection of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains one of the leading causes of non-AIDS-related mortality and morbidity among HIV-positive individuals as a consequence of accelerated liver fibrosis and end-stage liver disease (ESLD). The perturbed liver microenvironment and induction of host pro-inflammatory mediators in response to HIV and HCV infections, play a pivotal role in orchestrating the disease pathogenesis and clinical outcomes. How these viruses communicate each other via chemokine CCL2 and exploit the liver specific cellular environment to exacerbate liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV co-infection setting is a topic of intense discussion. Herein, we provide recent views and insights on potential mechanisms of CCL2 mediated immuno-pathogenesis, and HIV-HCV cross-talk in driving liver inflammation. We believe CCL2 may potentially serve an attractive target of anti-fibrotic intervention against HIV/HCV co-infection associated co-morbidities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis C/pathology; Liver Cirrhosis/pathology; HIV Infections/pathology
  10. Fulltext Unilateral striatal CT and MRI changes secondary to non-ketotic hyperglycaemia
    Johari B, Hanafiah M, Shahizon AM, Koshy M
    BMJ Case Rep, 2014;2014.
    PMID: 24792025 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-204053
    A 62-year-old man presented with a right-sided hemichorea-hemiballismus secondary to underlying non-ketotic hyperglycaemia. This condition is recognised to have a unique finding of unilateral basal ganglia lesion, which is hyperdense on CT and hyperintense on T1-weighted MRI. The clinical course of this condition is benign and has a good prognosis with early correction of the hyperglycaemia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Basal Ganglia/pathology; Neostriatum/pathology*; Dyskinesias/pathology*
  11. The post-mortem resilience of facial creases and the possibility for use in identification of the dead
    Hadi H, Wilkinson CM
    Forensic Sci Int, 2014 Apr;237:149.e1-149.e7.
    PMID: 24613011 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.12.014
    The post-mortem resilience of facial creases was studied using donated bodies in order to establish the efficacy of crease analysis for identification of the dead. Creases were studied on normal (pre-embalmed) and bloated (embalmed) cadavers at the Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification (CAHID) to establish whether facial bloating would affect facial crease visibility. Embalming was chosen to simulate the effects produced by post-mortem bloating. The results suggested that creases are resilient and changes were only detected for creases located on the periphery of the face, particularly at areas where the skin is thick, such as at the cheeks. Two new creases not previously classified were identified; these creases were called the vertical superciliary arch line and the lateral nose crease. This research suggests that facial creases may be resilient enough after death to be utilised for human identification.
    Matched MeSH terms: Forensic Pathology
  12. Controlled attenuation parameter for the detection and quantification of hepatic steatosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
    Chan WK, Nik Mustapha NR, Mahadeva S
    J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2014;29(7):1470-6.
    PMID: 24548002 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12557
    Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) has been suggested as a noninvasive method for detection and quantification of hepatic steatosis. We aim to study the diagnostic performance of CAP in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fatty Liver/pathology*; Liver/pathology*; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology*
  13. Low-dose dipyridamole treatment partially prevents diabetes mellitus-induced vascular endothelial and renal abnormalities in rats
    Sharma AK, Khanna D, Balakumar P
    Int J Cardiol, 2014 Mar 15;172(2):530-2.
    PMID: 24495652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.01.053
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus/pathology; Endothelium, Vascular/pathology; Kidney/pathology
  14. Fulltext Post mortem changes in relation to different types of clothing
    Teo CH, Pawita AH, Khairul O, Atiah Ayunni AG, Noor Hazfalinda H
    Malays J Pathol, 2013 Jun;35(1):77-85.
    PMID: 23817398 MyJurnal
    Post mortem changes are important in estimating post mortem interval (PMI). This project's aim was to study the effect of burial and type of clothing on rate of decomposition, which can contribute to estimating PMI for victims. 12 rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) carcasses were separated into 3 groups: no clothing, light clothing and heavy clothing. Control subjects were placed on the ground surface while test subjects were buried at 30 cm depth graves. Soil samples prior and after decomposition were collected for soil pH and moisture analysis. Post mortem change was assessed using a Total Body Score system. The head, neck and limb regions were found to decay faster than the body trunk region. Mummifi cation occurred on body parts that were exposed directly to the atmosphere while adipocere formed on some buried subjects. Burial delayed decomposition due to lower insect activity and lower soil temperature. The soil layer also blocked the accessibility of majority of the arthropods, causing further delay in decomposition. Clothing enhanced decay for bodies on ground surface because it provided protection for maggots and retained moisture on tissues. However, clothing delayed decomposition in buried bodies because it physically separated the bodies from soil and arthropods. Higher sun exposure and repetitive exhumation showed acceleration of decomposition. The decomposition process increased soil pH and moisture percentage values. Soil pH initially increased until pH 8.0-8.4 followed by a slight decrease while soil moisture percentage changed inconsistently. Burial was significant in affecting post mortem change, F(1,11)=12.991, p<0.05 while type of clothing was not significant, F(2,9)=0.022, p=0.978 and combination of both type of clothing and burial factors were also not significant, F(2,3)=0.429, p=0.686. For validation, an accuracy of 83.33% was achieved based on soil pH and soil moisture percentage analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Forensic Pathology
  15. Fulltext Isoflavone genistein induces fluid secretion and morphological changes in the uteri of post-pubertal rats
    Salleh N, Helmy MM, Fadila KN, Yeong SO
    Int J Med Sci, 2013;10(6):665-75.
    PMID: 23569430 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5207
    A reported increase in the incidence of infertility following high genistein intake could be related to alteration in the normal fluid volume and morphology of the uterus in adult female. In view of this, we investigated the effect of this compound on fluid secretion, fluid volume and morphology of the uterus in post-pubertal rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hyperplasia/pathology; Infertility/pathology*; Uterus/pathology*
  16. Fulltext CD133 marks for colorectal adenocarcinoma
    Chew MF, Teoh KH, Cheah PL
    Malays J Pathol, 2012 Jun;34(1):25-8.
    PMID: 22870594 MyJurnal
    CD133, a marker which has been advocated to mark colorectal carcinoma "stem or tumour initiating cells" is amongst the frequently studied markers in colorectal cancer. A study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, University of Malaya Medical Centre to determine the expression of CD133 in 56 archived, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded colorectal adenocarcinoma in comparison with adjacent benign colorectal epithelium by immunohistochemical staining for CD133 expression. CD133 immunopositivity was determined as staining at the glandular luminal surface or in the intraluminal debris. Expression was semiquantitated for (1) proportion of CD133 immunopositivity in the malignant or adjacent benign colorectal epithelium and (2) intensity of staining. The final score of CD133 immunopositivity was arbitrarily taken as proportion of CD133 immunopositivity multiplied by intensity of staining in both the malignant and adjacent benign colorectal epithelium. CD133 expression was observed in significantly increased frequency in 49 (87.5%) colorectal adenocarcinoma compared with 15 (26.8%) of the adjacent benign colorectal epithelium (p<0.05). In terms of immunopositivity score (proportion of CD133 immunopositivity multiplied by intensity of staining), colorectal adenocarcinoma had a mean arbitrary score of 8.5 which was significantly higher than the mean immunopositivity score of 0.5 of the adjacent benign colorectal epithelium (p<0.05). In addition, the maximum immunopositivity score for the adjacent benign colorectal epithelium was 4, while 38 (67.9%) of colorectal adenocarcinoma had scores >4. This study shows that CD133 is able to mark colorectal adenocarcinoma but it is still unclear at this juncture whether CD133 is indeed a marker for colorectal adenocarcinoma "stem cells".
    Matched MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma/pathology*; Intestinal Mucosa/pathology; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology*
  17. The estrogen receptor negative-progesterone receptor positive breast carcinoma is a biological entity and not a technical artifact
    Ng CH, Pathy NB, Taib NA, Mun KS, Rhodes A, Yip CH
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012;13(4):1111-3.
    PMID: 22799290
    The ER-/PR+ breast tumor may be the result of a false ER negative result. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference in patient and tumor characteristics of the ER-/PR+ phenotype in an Asian setting. A total of 2629 breast cancer patients were categorized on the basis of their age, ethnicity, tumor hormonal receptor phenotype, grade and histological type. There were 1230 (46.8%) ER+/PR+, 306 (11.6%) ER+/PR-, 122 (4.6%) ER-/PR+ and 972 (37%) ER-/PR-. ER-/PR+ tumors were 2.5 times more likely to be younger than 50 years at diagnosis (OR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.72-3.67). Compared to ER+/PR+ tumors, the ER-/ PR+ phenotype was twice more likely to be associated with grade 3 tumors (OR:2.02; 95%CI: 1.00-4.10). In contrast, compared to ER-/PR- tumors, the ER-/PR+ phenotype was 90% less likely to be associated with a grade 3 tumor (OR: 0.12; 95%CI:0.05-0.26), and more likely to have invasive lobular than invasive ductal histology (OR: 3.66; 95%CI: 1.47-9.11). These results show that the ER-/PR+ phenotype occurs in a younger age group and is associated with intermediate histopathological characteristics compared to ER+/PR+ and ER-/PR- tumors. This may imply that it is a distinct entity and not a technical artifact.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/pathology*; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology*; Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology*
  18. Fulltext The role of repeatedly heated soybean oil in the development of hypertension in rats: association with vascular inflammation
    Ng CY, Kamisah Y, Faizah O, Jaarin K
    Int J Exp Pathol, 2012 Oct;93(5):377-87.
    PMID: 22974219 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2012.00839.x
    Thermally oxidized oil generates reactive oxygen species that have been implicated in several pathological processes including hypertension. This study was to ascertain the role of inflammation in the blood pressure raising effect of heated soybean oil in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and were fed with the following diets, respectively, for 6 months: basal diet (control); fresh soybean oil (FSO); five-time-heated soybean oil (5HSO); or 10-time-heated soybean oil (10HSO). Blood pressure was measured at baseline and monthly using tail-cuff method. Plasma prostacyclin (PGI(2) ) and thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2) ) were measured prior to treatment and at the end of the study. After six months, the rats were sacrificed, and the aortic arches were dissected for morphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. Blood pressure was increased significantly in the 5HSO and 10HSO groups. The blood pressure was maintained throughout the study in rats fed FSO. The aortae in the 5HSO and 10HSO groups showed significantly increased aortic wall thickness, area and circumferential wall tension. 5HSO and 10HSO diets significantly increased plasma TXA(2) /PGI(2) ratio. Endothelial VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were significantly increased in 5HSO, as well as LOX-1 in 10HSO groups. In conclusion, prolonged consumption of repeatedly heated soybean oil causes blood pressure elevation, which may be attributed to inflammation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aorta, Thoracic/pathology*; Hypertension/pathology; Inflammation/pathology
  19. Diagnosis and treatment of branchial cleft anomalies in UKMMC: a 10-year retrospective study
    Zaifullah S, Yunus MR, See GB
    Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 2013 Mar;270(4):1501-6.
    PMID: 23053382 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-012-2200-7
    Branchial cleft anomalies result from abnormal persistence of branchial apparatus, which is located at the lateral part of the neck. These occur due to failure of obliteration of the branchial apparatus during embryonic development. Differential diagnoses of lateral neck mass are salivary gland or neurogenic neoplasms, paragangliomas, adenopathies, cystic hygroma or cystic metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma or thyroid papillary carcinoma. Clinically, a branchial cyst is smooth, round, fluctuant and non-tender, and usually occurs over the upper part of the neck, anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Sometimes, it may present as infected cyst (or abscess), a sinus or fistula. Surgical excision is the definitive treatment for branchial anomalies. The objective of the work was to study the demographic data, clinical presentation, definite diagnostic workup and treatment of patients diagnosed with branchial anomalies. This is a retrospective study of 26 patients who were diagnosed with branchial anomalies (branchial cyst and fistula), of which only 12 patients had data available between July 1999 and June 2009 at the Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre. Twelve cases of branchial anomalies were seen, in which 10 patients had second branchial cyst anomalies, 1 had third branchial fistula and 1 had bilateral branchial lesion. There were seven females and five males. The age of the patients varied over a wide range (4-44 years), but the majority of the patients were in their second and third decade of life. All branchial anomalies occurred at the classical site; eight patients had left-sided neck lesion. Correct clinical diagnosis was made only in five patients (41.6 %). All patients underwent surgical excision with no reported recurrence. Branchial anomalies are frequently forgotten in the differential diagnosis of lateral neck swelling. Diagnosis is usually delayed, leading to improper treatment. The diagnosis of patients who present with lateral neck cystic swelling with or without episodes of recurrent neck abscess should be considered with a high suspicion for branchial anomalies. FNA cytology is a good investigative tool in reaching toward a diagnosis of branchial lesion, with the concurrent assistance of radiological modalities. Surgical excision is the gold standard treatment of lesions of branchial anomalies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Branchial Region/pathology; Pharyngeal Diseases/pathology; Craniofacial Abnormalities/pathology
  20. Tumour Lysis Syndrome: a Rare Complication of Trans-Arterial Chemo-Embolisation with Doxorubicin Beads for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    Katiman D, Manikam J, Goh KL, Abdullah BJ, Mahadeva S
    J Gastrointest Cancer, 2012 Sep;43 Suppl 1:S187-90.
    PMID: 22692948 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-012-9373-6
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology; Liver Neoplasms/pathology; Tumor Lysis Syndrome/pathology
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