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  1. Harnessing biomaterial application strategies for neurorestoration after ischemic stroke injury: An emerging treatment option
    Mohd Satar A, Othman FA, Tan SC
    Biomed Mater Eng, 2025 Jan 09.
    PMID: 39973219 DOI: 10.1177/09592989241306679
    BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke is a medical condition caused by occlusion of blood vessels in brain, resulting in disruption of blood flow to the brain and triggering irreversible damage to the neuronal cells. While stem cells transplantation has been proposed as a potential alternative therapym for ischemic stroke, its effectiveness is limited due to low cell survival rate and potential side effects following transplantation. To overcome these challenges and enhance therapeutics efficacy, researchers have focused on developing various biomaterials to create a sustainable cellular microenvironment or to modify the properties of donor stem cell which could optimize their reparative functions in injured brain tissues.

    OBJECTIVE: This review aims to explore and discuss the different types of biomaterials that have been applied in the treatment of ischemic stroke, shedding light on their potentials as promising therapeutics options for this debilitating condition.

    METHODS: Literature search was performed to identify publications studying the potential of three biomaterials namely: nanobioparticles, hydrogels and extracellular vesicles for ischemic stroke therapy in vitro, in vivo or in clinical using four databases, namely: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and Scopus.

    RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The major benefits obtained from the application of nanobioparticles for ischemic stroke therapy included as the nanocarrier for drug/cell delivery, cell tracking, real time imaging, promote cell proliferation, while hydrogels provided scaffold support and conferred neuroprotection to stem cells, as well as provided neurotropic effects and controlled drug release for localized treatment. Lastly the extracellular vesicles were identified as a cell-free treatment strategy in promoting angiogenesis, neuronal differentiation and neurogenesis for ischemic stroke treatment.

    CONCLUSION: Biomaterial-based therapies have their own potentials and further clinical investigations are strongly recommended to translate the therapies into more conscientious evidence-based therapy for clinical application.

  2. Computational Elucidation of Hub Genes and Pathways Correlated with the Development of 5-Fluorouracil Resistance in HCT 116 Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Line
    Tan CH, Lim SH, Sim KS
    Biochem Genet, 2025 Jan 30.
    PMID: 39883358 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-025-11041-2
    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most deadly cancer diagnosed in both men and women. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment frequently causes the CRC cells to become chemoresistance, which has a negative impact on prognosis. Using bioinformatic techniques, this work describes important genes and biological pathways linked to 5-FU resistance in CRC cells. In our studies, a 5-FU-resistant HCT 116 cell line exhibiting elevated TYMS was created and validated using various tests. Bioinformatic studies were conducted to determine which differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were responsible for the establishment of 5-FU resistance in the same cell line. After screening 3949 DEGs from the two public datasets (GSE196900 and GSE153412), 471 overlapping DEGs in 5-FU-resistant HCT 116 cells were chosen. These overlapping DEGs were used to build the PPI network, and a major cluster module containing 21 genes was found. Subsequently, using three topological analysis algorithms, 10 hub genes were identified, which included HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB1, CXCR4, MMP9, CDH1, SMAD3, VIM, SYK, ZEB1, and SELL. Their roles were ascertained by utilizing Gene Ontology keywords and pathway enrichment studies. Our results also demonstrated that the miRNA and transcription factors (TFs) that had the strongest connection with the hub genes were hsa-mir-26a-5p, hsa-mir-30a-5p, RELA, and NFKB1. Ultimately, 84 FDA-approved drugs that target those hub genes were found to potentially treat 5-FU resistance CRC. Our research's findings increase our understanding of the fundamental factors that contribute to the prevalence of 5-FU resistance CRC, which could ultimately assist in the identification of valuable malignancy biomarkers and targeted treatment approaches based on key regulatory pathways.
  3. KOH-assisted centrifugation-free separation of Ti3C2Tx MXene for cost-effective supercapacitors
    Tan KH, Zaed MA, Saidur R, Abdullah N
    Chem Commun (Camb), 2026 Oct 22;62(83):20915-20918.
    PMID: 42820543 DOI: 10.1039/d6cc03411j
    A KOH-assisted base-induced aggregation strategy eliminates centrifugation in Ti3C2Tx MXene synthesis, reducing processing time by 2 hours and production cost by $0.009 per g. Structural and chemical characterization confirms the preservation of physicochemical properties. The MXene electrode achieves 102.65 F g-1 at 5 mV s-1 with 90% capacitance retention after 2000 cycles.
  4. Fulltext RNA-Protein Dynamics of the Segmentation Clock and Its Implications in Developmental Disorders
    Tan WBJ, Kobayashi A, Niizuma K
    Int J Mol Sci, 2026 Oct 16;27(20).
    PMID: 42941968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms27209199
    Somitogenesis is orchestrated by the segmentation clock, a highly conserved developmental oscillator that generates periodic gene expression waves to establish precise somite boundaries along the vertebrate body axis. While transcriptional feedback circuits and signaling gradients are recognized as central determinants of clock dynamics, accumulating evidence indicates that RNA-centered regulation provides an important layer of temporal control. We therefore focus primarily on established RNA-regulatory processes, including nascent RNA synthesis, pre-mRNA processing, transcript stability and degradation, and translational control, and examine how these processes interact with protein turnover and intercellular signaling to shape oscillation period, amplitude, and synchronization. Because the molecular implementation of the clock differs among vertebrates, we distinguish species-specific systems throughout: mouse studies primarily define hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes) 7/lunatic fringe (Lfng)/Delta-like canonical Notch ligand (Dll) 1 dynamics, zebrafish studies define Hes-related bHLH transcriptional repressor (her) 1/her7/deltaC/deltaD dynamics, chick studies established cyclic c-hairy1/lfng expression, and human HES7/LFNG dynamics are examined mainly in stem-cell-derived presomitic mesoderm (PSM) models. These mechanisms are used to formulate experimentally testable hypotheses about phase-dependent RNA stability, translation, and developmental state transitions. Together, the segmentation clock provides a quantitative framework for distinguishing established RNA-protein mechanisms from emerging RNA-regulatory hypotheses and for understanding how their disruption may contribute to congenital vertebral disorders.
  5. Fulltext Retrospective Analysis of Tuberculosis Treatment Duration and Outcomes Using Explainable Machine Learning on Malaysian Patient Data
    Balakrishnan V, Tan JK, Gan CL
    J Clin Med, 2026 Oct 13;15(20).
    PMID: 42941403 DOI: 10.3390/jcm15207888
    Background/Objectives: This study utilizes machine learning (ML) models integrated with explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to perform a retrospective analysis of factors associated with tuberculosis (TB) treatment duration and outcomes. Methods: Two datasets comprising completed TB patient records from a Malaysian hospital were analyzed. Significant features were identified using Pearson correlation for treatment duration and the Boruta algorithm for treatment outcome. Support Vector Regressor (SVR) was used to evaluate treatment duration, while Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and XGBoost were evaluated for treatment outcome classification. SHapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) was integrated to enhance model interpretability. Results: On the primary dataset (Dataset A), SVRPearson demonstrated the best performance for treatment duration (MAE = 44.18 days, R2 = 0.54), although performance decreased on the external dataset (Dataset B: MAE = 71.33 days, R2 = 0.11), partly due to missing feature imputations. For treatment outcome classification, XGBoostBoruta achieved an accuracy of 99.20% on Dataset A and 97.34% on Dataset B. SHAP feature attribution indicated that treatment outcome was the primary contributor to treatment duration, whereas treatment status and treatment duration were the dominant features contributing to the treatment outcome model. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the value of explainable machine learning for characterizing factors associated with TB treatment duration and outcomes in completed treatment episodes and supporting retrospective clinical audit and post hoc case interpretation.
  6. Besdata Video Laryngeal Mask (BD-VLM)- a New Vision-Incorporated 3rd Generation Video Laryngeal Mask Airway : Dear editor
    Tan LZ, Seet E, Kumar CM
    J Clin Monit Comput, 2022 Dec;36(6):1907-1908.
    PMID: 35616796 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-022-00850-0
    Since the recent editorial 2, we were approached to evaluate another video laryngeal mask airway - the Besdata Video Laryngeal Mask (BD-VLM) TM, which has a different design concept, specifications and characteristics (Figure 1) compared to the other two.
  7. Fulltext Editorial: Long COVID in the biomedical sciences
    Kunnath AP, Kavanagh O, Tan SC
    Br J Biomed Sci, 2026;83:17822.
    PMID: 42921163 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2026.17822
  8. Emerging potential of hemp and potato milk: nutritional composition, production, and health benefits - a narrative review
    Ahmed Hassan H, Ahmed IA, Tan CH
    Biol Futur, 2026 Oct 30.
    PMID: 42961618 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-026-00347-w
    The expanding global desire for sustainable and nourishing dietary options has increased interest in plant-based milk (PBM). This review explored the nutritional composition, production methods, and health benefits of PBM, with a particular focus on lesser-known and less commercialized types such as hemp and potato milk. These alternatives offer unique nutritional profiles including essential fatty acids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals, making them suitable substitutes for traditional dairy milk. Hemp milk, derived from Cannabis sativa seeds, is rich in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, while potato milk is a low-fat, allergen-friendly option with a high carbohydrate content. Both contribute to nutritional diversity and address concerns like lactose intolerance, dairy allergies, and environmental sustainability. The review also described the production methods for hemp and potato milk, both at the industrial level and in home settings. Additionally, it discussed the current market status of these lesser-known plant-based dairy alternatives.
  9. The microbiome-gut-brain axis in Parkinson disease - from basic research to the clinic
    Tan AH, Lim SY, Lang AE
    Nat Rev Neurol, 2022 Aug;18(8):476-495.
    PMID: 35750883 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-022-00681-2
    Evidence for a close bidirectional link between the brain and the gut has led to a paradigm shift in neurology, especially in the case of Parkinson disease (PD), in which gastrointestinal dysfunction is a prominent feature. Over the past decade, numerous high-quality preclinical and clinical publications have shed light on the highly complex relationship between the gut and the brain in PD, providing potential for the development of new biomarkers and therapeutics. With the advent of high-throughput sequencing, the role of the gut microbiome has been specifically highlighted. Here, we provide a critical review of the literature on the microbiome-gut-brain axis in PD and present perspectives that will be useful for clinical practice. We begin with an overview of the gut-brain axis in PD, including the potential roles and interrelationships of the vagus nerve, α-synuclein in the enteric nervous system, altered intestinal permeability and inflammation, and gut microbes and their metabolic activities. The sections that follow synthesize the proposed roles of gut-related factors in the development and progression of, in responses to PD treatment, and as therapeutic targets. Finally, we summarize current knowledge gaps and challenges and delineate future directions for the field.
  10. Fulltext Integrating mulberry juice and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TAR4 fermentation to improve antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic potential of modified cottage cheese
    Tang PL, Chooi JW, Tan HY
    J Food Sci Technol, 2025 Nov;62(11):2043-2055.
    PMID: 41041502 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-024-06136-4
    Mulberry (Morus nigra) is recognized for its nutrient-dense and health benefits. This study aimed to enhance the bioactivities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic) of modified cottage cheese by incorporating mulberry juice and fermenting with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TAR4 (LAB). Initially, enzyme treatments (pectinase, amylase) on mulberry juice assessed total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoids content (TFC), DPPH activity (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), albumin denaturation inhibition (ADI) and α-amylase inhibition (AI) activities. Optimal mulberry juice, showing highest bioactivities, was added to cheese. Bioactivity stability during simulated in-vitro digestion was tested. Results showed that pectinase-treated mulberry juice had highest DPPH (37.01 ± 0.24%), FRAP (84.38 ± 1.73 mg Fe2+/g dried mulberry), ADI (30.47 ± 0.57%), and AI (71.11 ± 2.55%). Adding 5% (w/w) mulberry juice significantly increased TPC, TFC, ADI, and AI in cheese (p 
  11. Fulltext Digital self-efficacy as a mediator in the development of English teachers' digital literacy in higher education: Evidence from Guizhou, China
    Luo Y, Sam TH, Tan RS
    Acta Psychol (Amst), 2026 Oct;270:107757.
    PMID: 42700657 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.107757
    Digital transformation has become a strategic pathway toward sustainable and equitable education worldwide. For higher education English teachers, digital literacy is particularly vital for integrating technology into language teaching. However, empirical research examining the factors influencing teachers' digital literacy in underdeveloped and unevenly resourced regions such as Guizhou, China, remains limited. This study examines factors influencing the digital literacy of higher education English teachers in Guizhou, China, focusing on the mediating role of digital self-efficacy. Drawing on the Technology Acceptance Model and Social Cognitive Theory, an integrated framework was tested using PLS-SEM with data from 312 respondents. Results show that digital self-efficacy fully mediates the relationship between perceived usefulness and digital literacy, while partially mediating the relationships of perceived ease of use, professional learning communities, training, and government policy. The findings highlight the important role of self-efficacy in shaping digital literacy and offer practical implications for policymakers, administrators, and teachers. Beyond practical implications, this study contributes theoretically by explaining how perceptual factors and external supports jointly shape digital literacy through digital self-efficacy, while offering insights into the mechanisms underlying digital literacy formation in resource-constrained contexts.
  12. Fulltext Effects of multi-stage dehumidified-air drying on the polyphenol content of Hydrocotyle bonariensis
    Go, S.K., Chia, S.L., Tan, C.P., Chong, G.H.
    International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(2):589-593.
    MyJurnal
    Traditional drying methods involve high temperatures that degrade heat-sensitive compounds.
    Dehumidified-air drying, an alternative to traditional drying methods, is suitable for heatsensitive
    compounds; however, it consumes a large amount of energy and is comparatively
    expensive. In this study, a multi-chamber dehumidified-air dryer was designed to dry Hydrocotyle
    bonariensis, and the retention of the polyphenol content of Hydrocotyle bonariensis under
    various drying conditions was examined. Multi-chamber dehumidified-air drying involves two
    chambers; each chamber was operated at temperatures of 30, 40, and 50o
    C with air volumetric
    flow rates of 30 and 50 L/min. The results indicated that the highest retention of total phenolic
    content and total flavonoid content, 24.67 mg of GAE/g dry weight (DW) and 2.204 mg of
    catechin/g DW, respectively, was obtained at 50o
    C with a 50 L/min air flow rate in the first
    drying chamber. Multi-stage dehumidified-air dryers have the potential to dry heat-sensitive
    products with reduced energy consumption.
  13. Fulltext Cross-cultural adaptation and linguistic validation of the hypoglycaemia symptom rating scale (HypoSRQ) among Malaysian patients with diabetes mellitus
    Tan, C.E., Tong, S.F., Zuhra, H., Aida, J.
    Medicine & Health, 2016;11(1):72-82.
    MyJurnal
    The Hypoglycaemia Symptom Rating Questionnaire (HypoSRQ) is potentially
    useful for local research on hypoglycaemia. However, it requires adaptation and
    validation in local settings. This study reports the process and results of cross-cultural
    adaptation and linguistic validation of HypoSRQ for Malay and English versions in
    our local setting. The HypoSRQ underwent forward and backward translation and
    adaptation with support from professional translators and a clinical psychologist.
    Cognitive debriefing was done among patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
    mellitus from varying sociodemographic backgrounds. Discussion was done
    together with the original developers of the HypoSRQ to decide on the best version
    for local use. The finalised versions were proofread and formatted with the help
    of Health Psychology Research. Cognitive debriefing for Malay version involved 7
    patients and for the English version5 patients. Direct literal translation into Malay
    language was unsuitable due to technical terms which were difficult for laypersons
    to understand. Amendments were made based on findings from the cognitive
    debriefing process. Participants found the questionnaire fairly easy to understand.
    The HypoSRQ-My (Malay) and HypoSRQ-EMy (English) is easily understood by
    local participants. These tools may undergo psychometric evaluation for future
    use in local settings.
  14. Fulltext A Rare Case of Ileocecal Tuberculosis with Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Vein Thrombosis
    Huei TJ, Henry TCL, Ho CA, Mohamad Y
    J Clin Diagn Res, 2017 Jul;11(7):PD03-PD04.
    PMID: 28892968 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/27923.10192
    Venous thromboembolism in tuberculosis is not a well recognised entity. It is a less frequently reported complication of severe pulmonary tuberculosis. It is exceedingly rare when it complicates extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Here, we present a case of 22-year-old young female with abdominal tuberculosis complicated with reverse ileocecal intussusception, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. An emergency vena cava filter was inserted prior to a limited right hemicolectomy. In this article, we discuss the rare association of venous thromboembolism with ileocecal tuberculosis.
  15. Fulltext Parvovirus Infection and Congenital Leukemia: Is it a causal or casual?
    Dasrilsyah RA, Ahmad S, Tan GC, Lim PS
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(1):123-126.
    MyJurnal
    Congenital leukemia is an extremely rare disease but frequently fatal. We report a case of intrauterine death (IUD) secondary to congenital erythroid leukaemia associated with maternal Parvovirus B19 infection. Further research is needed to ascertain the association between maternal Parvovirus B19 infection and congenital leukemia.
  16. Fulltext Salt release from yellow alkaline noodles
    Tan, T.C., Ho, S.C., Chong, S.M., Easa, A.M.
    International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(1):318-326.
    MyJurnal
    The “fate” of salt in yellow alkaline noodles was followed by measuring the salt release from
    yellow alkaline noodles during cooking and mastication. Three types of yellow alkaline noodles
    were produced; yellow alkaline noodles with salt at 0 (YAN0), 5 (YAN5), and 10% (YAN10)
    of the flour weight. Salt release during cooking was influenced by the cooking time and salt
    content of yellow alkaline noodles. Extended cooking resulted in higher loss and low salt
    yellow alkaline noodles showed a higher percentage loss than those with high salt. Textural,
    mechanical and structural breakdown properties were in the order: YAN10 > YAN5 > YAN0,
    with YAN10 being the hardest, chewiest, firmest, and has the highest strength and structural
    integrity. These findings support that low salt content in yellow alkaline noodles and a more
    extensive chewing resulted in higher percentage of salt release than high salt yellow alkaline
    noodles that are chewed less extensively.
  17. Fulltext New coating material for producing virgin coconut oil (VCO) microcapsules
    Amin, Z.A., Koh, S.P., Hamid, N.S.A., Long, K., Tan, C.P.
    Food Research, 2017;1(1):15-22.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this work was to investigate the microencapsulation efficiency (MEE) of different
    grades of broken rice (RB) and breadfruit (BB)-based maltodextrin as a coating material,
    using virgin coconut oil (VCO) as a model system. The VCO was generally found to be well
    microencapsulated using BB, RB or commercial (COM) maltodextrin at a core/wall material
    ratio of 1:3. In comparison to a different dextrose equivalent (DE) group, both RB and BB
    maltodextrins with DE values of 10-14 showed higher MEE values (84.81-94.39%) than
    maltodextrins with DE value of 15-19 (78.23-79.65%). Low DE value maltodextrins were
    shown higher glass transition temperatures than high DE value maltodextrins under the same
    moisture content. Both RB and BB maltodextrins were found to be compatible with COM
    maltodextrin as shown in the microstructure appearance when viewed with a scanning electron
    microscope (SEM).
  18. Fulltext Urethral masson’s tumour: a rare and puzzling entity
    Ng, B.K., Tan, G.C., Aruku, N., Lim, P.S.
    Medicine & Health, 2017;12(1):118-121.
    MyJurnal
    Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) or Masson’s tumour is a benign vascular proliferation that mimics other malignant vascular tumour. To date, this is the fourth case of Masson’s tumour at urethra being reported in the literature. A 65-year-old female Para 2, presented with post-menopausal bleeding. Examination revealed a 4x3x3 cm growth surrounding the urethral meatus. She underwent examination under anaesthesia and excision of the periurethral mass. Histopathological examination confirmed Masson’s tumour. Diagnosis and management of this uncommon tumour at a rare location was discussed.
    Keywords: angiosarcoma, endothelial hyperplasia, Masson’s tumour, urethral neoplasm, vascular neoplasm
  19. Fulltext Urinary bladder rupture secondary to obstructive urolithiasis in a Jamnapari goat
    Tan, Y.K., Hiew, M.W.H., Radzi, R., Khairuddin, N.H.
    Jurnal Veterinar Malaysia, 2017;29(2):20-24.
    MyJurnal
    This report describes the complications of obstructive urolithiasis in the lower urinary tract causing urinary bladder rupture in a Jamnapari buck. A 3-year-old Jamnapari buck was presented with the complaint of stranguria, subsequent anuria and a progressively distended abdomen for the past three days. Upon physical examination, body temperature, pulse rate and respiration rate were increased. Uroliths could be felt within the urethra in the ventral abdomen region. A urolith was removed via amputationof the urethral process, but the patency of the urethra could not be established. Transabdominal ultrasound revealed anechoic areas around the bladder, and the bladder was relatively small for a urinary obstructed goat. The bladder wall was thickened and shadow of sludge was observed within the bladder. Abdominocentesis was done and fluid analysis revealed that it was a haemorrhagic effusion. Blood results revealed renal disease, liver disease, muscle injury and haemoconcentration. Retrograde cystourethrogram revealed no urolithswithinthe urethra but there was leakage of the contrast agent from the bladder into the peritoneal cavity. The final diagnosis was complete blockage of the lower urinary tract leading to bladder rupture. Exploratory laparotomy was done and emergency cystorraphy was planned. Due to the poor condition of the urinary bladder with presence of septic peritonitis, the goat was euthanised.
  20. Fulltext Effects of dietary inclusion of spirulina meal on growth and hematological parameters of cultured Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer
    Tan, Chin Yong, Galaz, German Bueno, Shapawi, Rossita
    Borneo Journal of Marine Science and Aquaculture, 2017;1(1):1-6.
    MyJurnal
    This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of Spirulina platensis on growth performance and hematological parameters of juvenile Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) reared in a freshwater culture system. Five experimental diets were prepared by replacing fish meal protein with the microalga at replacement levels of 5% (SP5), 10% (SP10), 20% (SP20) and 30% (SP30), and the substitution effect was compared with a control diet (Con) in which fish meal was the sole protein. Fish were stocked in net cages placed in a 150-ton tank with a stocking density of 20 fish per cage. After 8 weeks of feeding trial, the fish did not show any significant differences in growth performance but numerically higher weight gain and specific growth rate were achieved in the fish stock fed diet SP10 compared to other treatments. Feed conversion ratio and survival rate of fish were significantly affected by the inclusion of Spirulina in the diets. Except for crude ash content, whole-body proximate composition of the experimental fish was also significantly influenced by the diets. Regarding the effects of diets on blood parameters, only hematocrit, hemaglobin, HDL-c and AST were significantly affected by the inclusion of Spirulina in the diets. This study demonstrated that Spirulina could replace up to 10% of FM protein in practical diets of juvenile Asian sea bass without negative effects on growth performance. However, replacement of fish meal with Spirulina meal at 5% might be considered for commercial use considering a significant decrease in survival above this value.
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