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Fulltext Interpretation time for screening mammography as a function of the number of computer-aided detection marks

Schwartz TM, Hillis SL, Sridharan R, Lukyanchenko O, Geiser W, Whitman GJ, et al.

J Med Imaging (Bellingham), 2020 Mar;7(2):022408.
PMID: 32042859 DOI: 10.1117/1.JMI.7.2.022408

Purpose: Computer-aided detection (CAD) alerts radiologists to findings potentially associated with breast cancer but is notorious for creating false-positive marks. Although a previous paper found that radiologists took more time to interpret mammograms with more CAD marks, our impression was that this was not true in actual interpretation. We hypothesized that radiologists would selectively disregard these marks when present in larger numbers. Approach: We performed a retrospective review of bilateral digital screening mammograms. We use a mixed linear regression model to assess the relationship between number of CAD marks and ln (interpretation time) after adjustment for covariates. Both readers and mammograms were treated as random sampling units. Results: Ten radiologists, with median experience after residency of 12.5 years (range 6 to 24) interpreted 1832 mammograms. After accounting for number of images, Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category, and breast density, the number of CAD marks was positively associated with longer interpretation time, with each additional CAD mark proportionally increasing median interpretation time by 4.35% for a typical reader. Conclusions: We found no support for our hypothesis that radiologists will selectively disregard CAD marks when they are present in larger numbers.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
Fulltext The Relationship between Type of Music and Anxiety Level among Malaysian Women during Mammography

Mohd Zain, N., Ab Malek, N. N. F., Che Mut, N. A. I., Mohd Norsuddin, N., Abdullah Suhaimi, S. A., Ahmad Dahari, M., et al.

Physics and Technology in Medicine, 2020;1(2):7-12.
MyJurnal

Music is one of the suggested interventions that can reduce stress caused by pain from mammography procedures. The different types of music might affect the anxiety level during a mammogram screening. Thus, the study aimed to determine the anxiety level of women who underwent mammogram screening according to different types of music. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 women by using the purposive sampling technique in the radiology department at randomly selected private hospitals in Klang Valley from November 2018 to November 2019. Respondents were randomly divided based on the day of mammogram screening into two groups; namely slow and upbeat music. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the anxiety level for each group and T-test analysis was used to compare the significance of anxiety level between both groups. A total of 60 respondents had participated in this study with a total of 30 (50.0%) respondents allocated in slow music, while another 30 (50.0%) respondents were allocated in upbeat music. Patients who underwent mammography screening while listening to slow music had a high anxiety level (70.0%) as compared to upbeat music group (63.3%). There was no significant effect for music, t (60) = -0.54, p = 0.59, despite slow music (M = 1.70, SD = 0.47) attaining higher anxiety level than the upbeat music (M = 1.63, SD = 0.49). Upbeat music has the potential in reducing the anxiety level of women undergoing mammography screening.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
Fulltext Thermal profiling Analysis for Asymmetrically Embedded Tumour with Different Breast Densities

Laila Fadhillah Ulta Delestri, Kenshiro Ito, Gan Hong Seng, Muhammad Faiz Md Shakhih, Asnida Abdul Wahab

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(108):6-12.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Detecting breast cancer at earlier stage is crucial to increase the survival rate. Mammography as the golden screening tool has shown to be less effective for younger women due to denser breast tissue. Infrared Ther- mography has been touted as an adjunct modality to mammography. Further investigation of thermal distribution in breast cancer patient is important prior to its clinical interpretation. Therefore, thermal profiling using 3D compu- tational simulation was carried out to understand the effect of changes in size and location of tumour embedded in breast to the surface temperature distribution at different breast densities. Methods: Extremely dense (ED) and pre- dominantly fatty dense (PF) breast models were developed and simulated using finite element analysis (FEA). Pennes’ bioheat equation was adapted to show the heat transfer mechanism by providing appropriate thermophysical prop- erties in each tissue layer. 20 case studies with various tumour size embedded at two asymmetrical positions in the breast models were analysed. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed by recording the temperature values along the arc of breast, calculating of temperature difference at the peaks and comparing multiple thermal images. Results: Bigger size of tumour demands a larger increase in breast surface temperatures. As tumour is located far from the centre of the breast or near to the edge, there was a greater shift of temperature peak. Conclusion: Size and location of tumour in various levels of breast density should be considered as a notable factor to thermal profile on breast when using thermography for early breast cancer detection.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
Potentials of MicroRNA in Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer by Analytical Electrical Biosensors

Parmin NA, Hashim U, Gopinath SCB, Nadzirah S, Salimi MN, Voon CH, et al.

Crit Rev Anal Chem, 2021 Jun 07.
PMID: 34092138 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1890543

The importance of nanotechnology in medical applications especially with biomedical sensing devices is undoubted. Several medical diagnostics have been developed by taking the advantage of nanomaterials, especially with electrical biosensors. Biosensors have been predominantly used for the quantification of different clinical biomarkers toward detection, screening, and follow-up the treatment. At present, ovarian cancer is one of the severe complications that cannot be identified until it becomes most dangerous as the advanced stage. Based on the American Cancer Society, 20% of cases involved in the detection of ovarian cancer are diagnosed at an early stage and 80% diagnosed at the later stages. The patient just has a common digestive problem and stomach ache as early symptoms and people used to ignore these symptoms. Micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) is classified as small non-coding RNAs, their expressions change due to the association of cancer development and progression. This article reviews and discusses on the currently available strategies for the early detection of ovarian cancers using miRNA as a biomarker associated with electrical biosensors. A unique miRNA-based biomarker detections are specially highlighted with biosensor platforms to diagnose ovarian cancer.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
Fulltext The rare primary Low Grade Papillary Adenocarcinoma of Nasopharynx: a diagnostic challenge and management

Noor Dina, H., Gendeh, B.S.

Medicine & Health, 2015;10(2):137-140.
MyJurnal

Low Grade Papillary Nasopharyngeal Adenocarcinoma (LGPAC) is a very rare tumour of mucosal origin compared to a higher incidence of well differentiated keratinized/non-keratinized nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It is an epithelial tumour with glandular differentiation. Its papillary figure seen histologically, is also seen in metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma. This has caused a significant challenge to the Pathologist to differentiate primary papillary nasopharyngeal adenocarcinoma and metastatic tumour. Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 (TTF-1) is also expressed in subsets of papillary nasopharyngeal adenocarcinoma, which is valuable as a diagnostic tool. LGPAC is a benign-like malignant neoplasm. An early diagnosis with a complete tumour removal via conventional excision or endoscopic approach has offered a good prognosis with low risk of recurrence.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
Fulltext miR-200c Regulation of Metastases in Ovarian Cancer: Potential Role in Epithelial and Mesenchymal Transition

Sulaiman SA, Ab Mutalib NS, Jamal R

Front Pharmacol, 2016;7:271.
PMID: 27601996 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00271

Among the gynecological malignancies, ovarian cancer is the most fatal due to its high mortality rate. Most of the identified cases are epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) with five distinct subtypes: high-grade serous carcinoma, low-grade serous carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma, and clear-cell carcinoma. Lack of an early diagnostic approach, high incidence of tumor relapse and the heterogenous characteristics between each EOC subtypes contribute to the difficulties in developing precise intervention and therapy for the patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs that have been shown to function as tumor suppressors or oncomiRs. The miR-200 family, especially miR-200c, has been shown to be implicated in the metastasis and invasion of ovarian carcinoma due to its functional regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This mini review is aimed to summarize the recent findings of the miR-200c functional role as well as its validated targets in the metastasis cascade of ovarian cancer, with a focus on EMT regulation. The potential of this miRNA in early diagnosis and its dual expression status are also discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
Fulltext Development of an E-learning System for the Endoscopic Diagnosis of Early Gastric Cancer: An International Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Yao K, Uedo N, Muto M, Ishikawa H, Cardona HJ, Filho ECC, et al.

EBioMedicine, 2016 Jul;9:140-147.
PMID: 27333048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.05.016

BACKGROUND: In many countries, gastric cancer is not diagnosed until an advanced stage. An Internet-based e-learning system to improve the ability of endoscopists to diagnose gastric cancer at an early stage was developed and was evaluated for its effectiveness.
METHODS: The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial. After receiving a pre-test, participants were randomly allocated to either an e-learning or non-e-learning group. Only those in the e-learning group gained access to the e-learning system. Two months after the pre-test, both groups received a post-test. The primary endpoint was the difference between the two groups regarding the rate of improvement of their test results.
FINDINGS: 515 endoscopists from 35 countries were assessed for eligibility, and 332 were enrolled in the study, with 166 allocated to each group. Of these, 151 participants in the e-learning group and 144 in the non-e-learning group were included in the analysis. The mean improvement rate (standard deviation) in the e-learning and non-e-learning groups was 1·24 (0·26) and 1·00 (0·16), respectively (P<0·001).
INTERPRETATION: This global study clearly demonstrated the efficacy of an e-learning system to expand knowledge and provide invaluable experience regarding the endoscopic detection of early gastric cancer (R000012039).

Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
Fulltext Foundation and methodologies in computer-aided diagnosis systems for breast cancer detection

Jalalian A, Mashohor S, Mahmud R, Karasfi B, Saripan MIB, Ramli ARB

EXCLI J, 2017;16:113-137.
PMID: 28435432 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-701

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer that affects women all over the world. Early detection and treatment of breast cancer could decline the mortality rate. Some issues such as technical reasons, which related to imaging quality and human error, increase misdiagnosis of breast cancer by radiologists. Computer-aided detection systems (CADs) are developed to overcome these restrictions and have been studied in many imaging modalities for breast cancer detection in recent years. The CAD systems improve radiologists' performance in finding and discriminating between the normal and abnormal tissues. These procedures are performed only as a double reader but the absolute decisions are still made by the radiologist. In this study, the recent CAD systems for breast cancer detection on different modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, MRI, and biopsy histopathological images are introduced. The foundation of CAD systems generally consist of four stages: Pre-processing, Segmentation, Feature extraction, and Classification. The approaches which applied to design different stages of CAD system are summarised. Advantages and disadvantages of different segmentation, feature extraction and classification techniques are listed. In addition, the impact of imbalanced datasets in classification outcomes and appropriate methods to solve these issues are discussed. As well as, performance evaluation metrics for various stages of breast cancer detection CAD systems are reviewed.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
Fulltext A New Diagnostic Approach in the Detection of Breast Carcinoma: Electrical Impedance Measurement with TransScan TS 2000

Amran, A.R., Fatimah, M.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2007;6(2):1-11.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Mammography is commonly regarded as the single most important tool for screening and for early detection of breast cancer. However it is not generally recommended for women under 40 years of age and in those taking hormone replacement therapy as the increased density of the breast parenchyma may make mammography more difficult to read and interpret. The limitations of mammography have spurred attempts to find new techniques that can be used either separately or in conjunction with mammography. Purpose: The aim of this study was to quantify the clinical value of using electrical impedance scanning (EIS) or Trans Scan as an adjunct to mammography in order to identify cancerous tissue based upon its inherent altered local dielectric properties. Methods and Materials: The patients were examined using Trans Scan (Trans Scan Medical, Ltd., distributed by Siemens AG. The study population was derived from patients with suspicious breast lesions categorized as BIRADS 3 or 4 detected during mammography or ultrasound. Results: Fifty-three women with 53 mammographically and/or sonographically suspicious findings were examined using EIS. With respect to the histopathological findings (15 malignant and 38 benign lesions) 13 of 15 (86.6% sensitivity) malignant lesions were correctly identified using EIS whereas, 33 of 38 (81.5% specificity) benign lesions were correctly identified. Negative and positive predictive values of 93.9% and 65% were observed respectively. Two benign lesions were correctly identified in a dense breast. The smallest lesion detected in this study measured 20 x 14 mm, which was an infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Conclusion: Electrical impedance scanning as an adjunct to mammography or ultrasound in classifying suspicious lesions is promising because it increases the sensitivity for cancer detection and may reduce biopsy of equivocal lesions. The additional use of EIS with negative predictive value of 93.9% may be useful to exclude some benign lesions from further diagnostic or invasive procedures. Artifacts, such as signals from superficial skin lesions, poor contact and bubbles are currently a limitation

Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
Fulltext The health beliefs and practice among an institute’s female staff population regarding pap smear, breast self-examination and mammography screening

Aishah Knight, A.S.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2007;7(2):15-22.
MyJurnal

Cancer screening is an important part of any cancer control program and the success of any screening program is partly dependent on having large numbers of the high risk population availing themselves of the service. The purpose of this study was to assess the cancer screening behavior of fulbtime employed women staff of an institute of higher learning using the Health Belief Model (HBM) construct. The results showed that the rate of reported regular cancer screening behavior (Pap smear screening, breast self examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography screening) were low. The rates for regular screening were 42.5% (Pap smear), 20.9% (BSE), 15.5% (CBE) and 9.4% (mammography). There were differences in the dimensions of the HBM between the women who reported regular screening and those that did not. The perceived barriers", "perceived benefits” and “motivation” dimensions were different in Pap smear screening, whereas the "confidence” dimension was different in BSE. Recommendations were made for a health education program targeting both women and men to increase uptake of cancer screening services by women.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
Fulltext Knowledge, attitude and practice of Breast Self- Examination among nurses in tertiary hospitals in Malaysia

Raja Lexshimi, R. G., Zaleha, M.I., Wahida Daud, Mohd Said Nurumal, Syed Zulkifli, S.Z.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2014;14(3):0-0.
MyJurnal

Breast self-examination (BSE) is recommended globally as one of the methods in early detection of breast cancer. Little is known about nurses screening behavior related to BSE. A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the knowledge, attitude and practice of Breast Self Examination (BSE) among nurses. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to a total of 114 nurses working in Obstetrics & Gynaecology wards and clinics of two tertiary hospitals. Among the 114 participants, 111(97.4%) practiced BSE. The mean age of the participants was 34.97(±9.104) years. The mean score of knowledge was 11.07(±1.020) and 81.1% had high knowledge of BSE. Majority (98.2%) of respondents showed good attitude towards BSE. Barriers was found to be a significant predictor and self confidence proved to be an influencing factor on BSE performance. Despite practicing BSE, the number of nurses that examined their breast monthly was only 35.1%. Age, working experience and marital status showed no significant relationship with knowledge and practice of BSE. However, BSE taught during their undergraduate programme was found to have a significant relationship with practice of BSE. Majority of nurses in this study were not complying with MOH recommendation for BSE in terms of frequency. Thus, intervention strategies should focus on educating nurses on performing BSE monthly, in accordance with the Ministry of Health guidelines. This is important as nurses play a primary role in promoting health behaviors in BSE practice and breast cancer awareness among women in this country.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
Fulltext Breast self examination: to do or not to do?

Leelavathi, M., Yasmin, S.A.K., Gomez, P.A., Aznida, F.A.A.

Medicine & Health, 2006;1(1):1-4.
MyJurnal

This is a retrospective descriptive study done to look at common presentation and method of detection of breast cancer. A total of 366 case records of patients attending the Breast and Endocrine Clinic at Hospital Kuala Lumpur were reviewed. The peak age of breast cancer presentation was 40 to 49 years (39.6%). Most (81.4%) patients presented with a lump in the breast and the lump was mainly self-detected (97.3%). The mean tumour diameter on presentation was 4.7± 3 cm. Medical staff detected the disease in 1.6% cases and 1.1% of cases were detected by mammogram. Most women detected the lump themselves, suggesting that Breast Self Examination (BSE) can be used for detection of the disease in places where there is cost and availability constrains for mammogram. Early detection with BSE can possibly offer better treatment options and quality of life despite the evidence that it does not reduce the mortality due to breast cancer.

Study site: Breast and Endocrine Clinic at Hospital Kuala Lumpur

Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
Current advances and future visions on bioelectronic immunosensing for prostate-specific antigen

Ibau C, Md Arshad MK, Gopinath SCB

Biosens Bioelectron, 2017 Dec 15;98:267-284.
PMID: 28689113 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.06.049

Early cancer diagnosis remains the holy-grail in the battle against cancers progression. Tainted with debates and medical challenges, current therapeutic approaches for prostate cancer (PCa) lack early preventive measures, rapid diagnostic capabilities, risk factors identification, and portability, i.e. the inherent attributes offered by the label-free biosensing devices. Electronic assisted immunosensing systems inherit the high sensitivity and specificity properties due to the predilection of the antigen-antibody affinity. Bioelectronic immunosensor for PCa has attracted much attentions among the researchers due to its high-performance, easy to prepare, rapid feedback, and possibility for miniaturization. This review explores the current advances on bioelectronic immunosensors for the detection of PCa biomarker revealed in the past decade. The research milestones and current trends of the immunosensors are reported to project the future visions in order to propel their "lab-to-market" realization.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
Epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-related hepatocellular carcinoma and its implications

Wong SW, Ting YW, Chan WK

JGH Open, 2018 Oct;2(5):235-241.
PMID: 30483595 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12070

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of liver pathology that is characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat in the liver attributable to overnutrition and is strongly associated with the metabolic syndrome. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is the more severe form of NAFLD that is defined histologically by the presence of lobular inflammation and hepatocyte ballooning. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients have a greater tendency to develop advanced liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC. This review focuses on the epidemiology of NAFLD-related HCC and its implications. NAFLD has been estimated to contribute to 10-12% of HCC cases in Western populations and 1-6% of HCC cases in Asian populations. NAFLD-related HCC is expected to increase in Asian populations, in line with the increased prevalence of NALFD similar to that of Western populations in recent years. The increasing burden of NAFLD-related HCC over time has been demonstrated in studies from both Western and Asian populations. Certain factors such as ethnicity, obesity, and diabetes mellitus appear to have an incremental effect on the risk of developing HCC among NAFLD patients. The difficulty in identifying NAFLD patients with cirrhosis and the possibility of HCC developing in noncirrhotic NAFLD patients are challenges that need to be addressed. Further understanding of these gaps may contribute to better surveillance strategies for the early detection of HCC in NAFLD patients to reduce the mortality and improve the survival of these patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
Fulltext Knowledge and perception regarding colorectal cancer among IIUM Kuantan undergraduates

Norafiza Zainuddin, Nur Adibah Shamri

Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine, 2018;2(1):0-0.
MyJurnal

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a cancer of the large intestine with high mortality and morbidity rate. According to
the Malaysian National Cancer Registry Report, CRC was reported as the second most frequent cancer after
breast cancer. This study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge and perception of IIUM Kuantan Campus
students regarding CRC. Currently, there is no national screening program conducted by the Ministry of
Health Malaysia for CRC as an early prevention in Malaysia. Despite the increase in incidence and mortality
rates of CRC, emphasis on creating awareness regarding CRC among Malaysian is still lacking. Using
convenience sampling method and adapted self-administered questionnaires, this cross-sectional study was
conducted among the undergraduate students of International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan Campus.
Overall, more than half of the respondents have a moderate level of knowledge and perceptions regarding
CRC. Moreover, there was a significant difference between male and female respondents in terms of
knowledge regarding CRC screening (p

Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
Fulltext Effectiveness of An Educational Intervention of Breast Cancer Screening Practices Uptake, Knowledge, and Beliefs among Yemeni Female School Teachers in Klang Valley, Malaysia: A Study Protocol for a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

Noman S, Shahar HK, Abdul Rahman H, Ismail S

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020 02 12;17(4).
PMID: 32059587 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041167

Breast cancer is the most common cancer spread among women worldwide. Whereas many studies have discussed the significance of breast cancer screening among women in various countries, few have attempted to discuss this topic among female school teachers. As teachers educate and communicate with students, this may play an essential role in health education and in promoting healthy behavior, such as breast cancer screening. The primary goal of this study is to develop and implement an educational intervention of breast cancer screening and evaluate its effectiveness among Yemeni female school teachers in Malaysia. This was carried out as per the health belief model. A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted among 183 Yemeni female school teachers in twelve schools in Klang Valley, Malaysia. A random assignment of the target schools was made to include them within the intervention or control group. Participants in the intervention group were offered a 90-minute session for one-day educational intervention on breast cancer screening. On the other hand, participants in the control group were offered the same educational materials at the end of the study. Relevant data was collected at baseline, one month following the intervention, and then three- and six-months follow-up assessments. Analysis of such data was done via IBM SPSS software 25.0 by generalized estimating equations (GEE) to assess the differential changes over time. A primary outcome embodied in breast cancer screening practice uptake was expected. Secondary outcomes include the target group's knowledge on and beliefs of breast cancer screening. This study intends to contribute to the credibility and effectiveness of utilizing a theory-based breast cancer screening intervention in order to raise the awareness of women on conducting breast cancer screening.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
Fulltext Profiling lysophosphatidic acid levels in plasma from head and neck cancer patients

Abdul Rahman M, Mohamad Haron DE, Hollows RJ, Abdul Ghani ZDF, Ali Mohd M, Chai WL, et al.

PeerJ, 2020;8:e9304.
PMID: 32547888 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9304

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a significant world health problem, with approximately 600,000 new cases being diagnosed annually. The prognosis for patients with HNSCC is poor and, therefore, the identification of biomarkers for screening, diagnosis and prognostication would be clinically beneficial. A limited number of studies have used lipidomics to profile lipid species in the plasma of cancer patients. However, the profile and levels of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species have not been examined in HNSCC. In this study, a targeted lipidomics approach using liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) was used to analyse the concentration of LPA (16:0 LPA, 18:0 LPA, 18:1 LPA, 18:2 LPA and 20:4 LPA) in the plasma of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), together with healthy controls. The levels of three LPA species (18:1 LPA, 18:2 LPA and 20:4 LPA) were significantly lower in the plasma of OSCC patients, whilst the concentrations of all five LPA species tested were significantly lower in plasma from NPC patients. Furthermore, the order of abundance of LPA species in plasma was different between the control and cancer groups, with 16:0 LPA, 18:0 LPA levels being more abundant in OSCC and NPC patients. Medium to strong correlations were observed using all pairs of LPA species and a clear separation of the normal and tumour groups was observed using PCA analysis. In summary, the results of this study showed that the levels of several LPA species in the plasma of patients with OSCC and NPC were lower than those from healthy individuals. Understanding these variations may provide novel insights into the role of LPA in these cancers.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
Fulltext A review of colorectal cancer research in Malaysia

Lim KG

Med J Malaysia, 2014 Aug;69 Suppl A:23-32.
PMID: 25417948 MyJurnal

105 articles related to colorectal cancer(CRC) were found in a search through a database dedicated to indexing all original data relevant to medicine published in Malaysia between the years 2000-2013. 56 articles were selected and reviewed on the basis of clinical relevance and future research implications. Research into the genetic basis for colorectal cancer included studies in germline mutations of known syndromes as well as polymorphisms that conferred individuals a higher odds ratio for developing CRC. Several studies also documented the variety of somatic mutations seen in cases of sporadic CRC in Malaysia. Studies into the knowledge and attitudes of Malaysians regarding CRC revealed poor appreciation of the common symptoms, risk factors and available measures for its early detection. This may explain the observed facts that more Malaysians present with late stage CRC than seen in developed countries. The small amount of data recorded concerning the outcome of treatment also suggests overall survival of Malaysian CRC patients for comparable stage of CRC is lower than achieved in developed countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
Fulltext Lectins: an effective tool for screening of potential cancer biomarkers

Hashim OH, Jayapalan JJ, Lee CS

PeerJ, 2017;5:e3784.
PMID: 28894650 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3784

In recent years, the use of lectins for screening of potential biomarkers has gained increased importance in cancer research, given the development in glycobiology that highlights altered structural changes of glycans in cancer associated processes. Lectins, having the properties of recognizing specific carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates, have become an effective tool for detection of new cancer biomarkers in complex bodily fluids and tissues. The specificity of lectins provides an added advantage of selecting peptides that are differently glycosylated and aberrantly expressed in cancer patients, many of which are not possibly detected using conventional methods because of their low abundance in bodily fluids. When coupled with mass spectrometry, research utilizing lectins, which are mainly from plants and fungi, has led to identification of numerous potential cancer biomarkers that may be used in the future. This article reviews lectin-based methods that are commonly adopted in cancer biomarker discovery research.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer
Fulltext Exosomes As Potential Biomarkers and Targeted Therapy in Colorectal Cancer: A Mini-Review

Hon KW, Abu N, Ab Mutalib NS, Jamal R

Front Pharmacol, 2017;8:583.
PMID: 28894420 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00583

The number of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases have increased gradually year by year. In fact, CRC is one of the most widely diagnosed cancer in men and women today. This disease is usually diagnosed at a later stage of the development, and by then, the chance of survival has declined significantly. Even though substantial progress has been made in understanding the basic molecular mechanism of CRC, there is still a lack of understanding in using the available information for diagnosing CRC effectively. Liquid biopsies are minimally invasive and have become the epitome of a good screening source for stage-specific diagnosis, measuring drug response and severity of the disease. There are various circulating entities that can be found in biological fluids, and among them, exosomes, have been gaining considerable attention. Exosomes can be found in almost all biological fluids including serum, urine, saliva, and breast milk. Furthermore, exosomes carry valuable molecular information such as proteins and nucleic acids that directly reflects the source of the cells. Nevertheless, the inconsistent yield and isolation process and the difficulty in obtaining pure exosomes have become major obstacles that need to be addressed. The potential usage of exosomes as biomarkers have not been fully validated and explored yet. This review attempts to uncover the potential molecules that can be derived from CRC-exosomes as promising biomarkers or molecular targets for effective diagnosing of CRC.

Matched MeSH terms: Early Detection of Cancer

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