Displaying publications 141 - 160 of 390 in total

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  1. Effect of imidazolium-based ionic liquids on bacterial growth inhibition investigated via experimental and QSAR modelling studies
    Ghanem OB, Mutalib MI, El-Harbawi M, Gonfa G, Kait CF, Alitheen NB, et al.
    J Hazard Mater, 2015 Oct 30;297:198-206.
    PMID: 25965417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.04.082
    Tuning the characteristics of solvents to fit industrial requirements has currently become a major interest in both academic and industrial communities, notably in the field of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), which are considered one of the most promising green alternatives to molecular organic solvents. In this work, several sets of imidazolium-based ionic liquids were synthesized, and their toxicities were assessed towards four human pathogens bacteria to investigate how tunability can affect this characteristic. Additionally, the toxicity of particular RTILs bearing an amino acid anion was introduced in this work. EC50 values (50% effective concentration) were established, and significant variations were observed; although all studied ILs displayed an imidazolium moiety, the toxicity values were found to vary between 0.05 mM for the most toxic to 85.57 mM for the least toxic. Linear quantitative structure activity relationship models were then developed using the charge density distribution (σ-profiles) as molecular descriptors, which can yield accuracies as high as 95%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linear Models
  2. Effect of steam blanching on lycopene and total phenolics in pink guava puree industry by-products
    Kong, K.W., Emmy, H.K.I., Azizah, O., Amin, I., Tan, C.P.
    International Food Research Journal, 2010;17(2):461-468.
    MyJurnal
    Lycopene and total phenolics of pink guava puree industry by-products (refiner, siever and decanter)
    were evaluated after steam blanching at selected temperatures and times. Lycopene content was in the order of decanter > siever > refiner (7.3, 6.3 and 1.5 mg/100 g, respectively), and the content of total phenolics was in the order of refiner > siever > decanter (4434.1, 2881.3 and 1529.3 mg GAE/100 g, respectively). Regression coefficients for temperatures (x1) and times (x2) from multiple linear regression models of siever and decanter showed significant (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Linear Models
  3. Fulltext Effects of Lifestyle Intervention towards Obesity and Blood Pressure among Housewives in Klang Valley: A Quasi-Experimental Study
    Kassim MSA, Manaf MRA, Nor NSM, Ambak R
    Malays J Med Sci, 2017 Dec;24(6):83-91.
    PMID: 29379390 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2017.24.6.10
    Background: The obesity rate in Malaysia is the highest in Asia. Half its population is obese or overweight. The present study aims to determine the effects of lifestyle intervention on weight loss and blood pressure among Malaysian overweight and obese housewives in Klang Valley.

    Methods: A quasi-experimental study with 328 obese and overweight low socio- economic status housewives aged 18-59 years old who met the screening criteria participated in the study. They were recruited into an intervention group (N = 169) or control group (N = 159). The intervention group received a lifestyle intervention consisting of a diet, physical activity and self-monitoring behavior package. The control group (delayed intervention group) received a women's health seminar package. Both groups were followed up for six months. Weight, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure were evaluated both pre- and post-intervention.

    Results: A total of 124 participants from the intervention group and 93 participants from the control group completed the study. Mean weight loss was 1.13 ± 2.70 kg (P < 0.05) in the intervention group and 0.97 ± 2.60 kg (P < 0.05) in the control group. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) reductions in the intervention group were 5.84 ± 18.10 mmHg (P < 0.05). The control group showed reduction in SBP 6.04 ± 14.52 mmHg (P < 0.05). Both group had non-significant DBP reduction. Multivariate analysis via General Linear Model Repeated Measures observed no significant differences in terms of parameter changes with time in both groups for all parameters.

    Conclusions: The results indicate that the lifestyle interventions in this study resulted in modest weight loss and thus decreased BMI and blood pressure (SBP) within six months of intervention.

    Matched MeSH terms: Linear Models
  4. Fulltext Effects of age, sex, and ethnicity on bone health status of the elderly in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Chin KY, Kamaruddin AA, Low NY, Ima-Nirwana S
    Clin Interv Aging, 2016;11:767-73.
    PMID: 27358558 DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S108772
    Osteoporosis is a significant health problem in the developing countries and its prevalence data are important for the estimation of health care burden and policy making. This study aimed to determine the age-related changes in bone health and the prevalence of osteoporosis in males and females aged 50 years or above living in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linear Models
  5. Effects of land use configuration, seasonality and point source on water quality in a tropical watershed: A case study of the Johor River Basin
    Pak HY, Chuah CJ, Yong EL, Snyder SA
    Sci Total Environ, 2021 Aug 01;780:146661.
    PMID: 34030308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146661
    Land use plays a significant role in determining the spatial patterns of water quality in the Johor River Basin (JRB), Malaysia. In the recent years, there have been several occurrences of pollution in these rivers, which has generated concerns over the long-term sustainability of the water resources in the JRB. Specifically, this water resource is a shared commodity between two states, namely, Johor state of Malaysia and Singapore, a neighbouring country adjacent to Malaysia. Prior to this study, few research on the influence of land use configuration on water quality have been conducted in Johor. In addition, it is also unclear how water quality varies under different seasonality in the presence of point sources. In this study, we investigated the influence of land use and point sources from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) on the water quality in the JRB. Two statistical techniques - Multivariate Linear Regression (MLR) and Redundancy Analysis (RA) were undertaken to analyse the relationships between river water quality and land use configuration, as well as point sources from WWTPs under different seasonality. Water samples were collected from 49 sites within the JRB from March to December in 2019. Results showed that influence from WWTPs on water quality was greater during the dry season and less significant during the wet season. In particular, point source was highly positively correlated with ammoniacal‑nitrogen (NH3-N). On the other hand, land use influence was greater than point source influence during the wet season. Residential and urban land use were important predictors for nutrients and organic matter (chemical oxygen demand); and forest land use were important sinks for heavy metals but a significant source of manganese.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linear Models
  6. Fulltext Effects of liquid metabolite combinations produced by Lactobacillus plantarum on growth performance, faeces characteristics, intestinal morphology and diarrhoea incidence in postweaning piglets
    Thu TV, Loh TC, Foo HL, Yaakub H, Bejo MH
    Trop Anim Health Prod, 2011 Jan;43(1):69-75.
    PMID: 20632092 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-010-9655-6
    A study was carried out to investigate the effects of feeding liquid metabolite combinations produced by Lactobacillus plantarum strains on growth performance, diarrhoea incidence, faecal pH, microfloral counts, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and intestinal villus height and crypt depth of postweaning piglets. A total of 120 piglets (26 days old) were randomly assigned evenly into five treatment groups treated with same basal diet: (1) -ve control (free antibiotic); (2) + ve control (0.03% of chlortetracycline); (3) Com 1 (0.3% metabolite of TL1, RG11 and RI11 strains); (4) Com 2 (0.3% metabolite of TL1, RG14 and RS5 strains); (5) Com 3 (0.3% metabolite of RG11, RG14 and RI11 strains). After 5 weeks, the average daily feed intake was not significantly different (P > 0.05) among the treatments and feed conversion ratio was the highest (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Linear Models
  7. Effects of reproductive status and high ambient temperatures on the body temperature of a free-ranging basoendotherm
    Levesque DL, Lobban KD, Lovegrove BG
    J. Comp. Physiol. B, Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol., 2014 Dec;184(8):1041-53.
    PMID: 25155185 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-014-0858-4
    Tenrecs (Order Afrosoricida) exhibit some of the lowest body temperatures (T b) of any eutherian mammal. They also have a high level of variability in both active and resting T bs and, at least in cool temperatures in captivity, frequently employ both short- and long-term torpor. The use of heterothermy by captive animals is, however, generally reduced during gestation and lactation. We present data long-term T b recordings collected from free-ranging S. setosus over the course of two reproductive seasons. In general, reproductive females had slightly higher (~32 °C) and less variable T b, whereas non-reproductive females and males showed both a higher propensity for torpor as well as lower (~30.5 °C) and more variable rest-phase T bs. Torpor expression defined using traditional means (using a threshold or cut-off T b) was much lower than predicted based on the high degree of heterothermy in captive tenrecs. However, torpor defined in this manner is likely to be underestimated in habitats where ambient temperature is close to T b. Our results caution against inferring metabolic states from T b alone and lend support to the recent call to define torpor in free-ranging animals based on mechanistic and not descriptive variables. In addition, lower variability in T b observed during gestation and lactation confirms that homeothermy is essential for reproduction in this species and probably for basoendothermic mammals in general. The relatively low costs of maintaining homeothermy in a sub-tropical environment might help shed light on how homeothermy could have evolved incrementally from an ancestral heterothermic condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linear Models
  8. Effects of soil chemical properties and seasonality on mycorrhizal status of prickly pear (opuntia ficus-indica) planted in hot arid Steppe rangelands
    Souad Neffar, Haroun Chenchouni, Arifa Beddiar
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:671-680.
    Mycorrhizal fungi are an essential component to consider for better management of soil fertility, particularly in
    degraded rangelands of drylands. The present article presents a field survey of colonization and intensity of arbuscular
    mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) roots from young (5 years old) and old (more than 20
    years) plantations. The results observed were explained by seasonality and edaphic factors. Prickly pear roots showed
    a mycorrhizal frequency (F%) up to 100% of colonization and a mycorrhizal intensity (M%) that may exceed 70%.
    According to ANOVAs, both F% and M% varied significantly between Prickly pear plantation ages, but only M% between
    seasons. The Generalized linear model showed that edaphic factors have no effect on the variation of F%. However
    the statistical model showed that M% were significantly influenced by active CaCO3
    , organic matter, carbon, nitrogen,
    phosphorus contents and C/N. Our findings highlight the importance of mycorrhization in rehabilitation programs of
    degraded rangelands by prickly pear plantations in semiarid and arid lands, particularly during early plant ages and
    under environmental abiotic stresses such as climate and soil type.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linear Models
  9. Efficiency of Hollow Fiber Liquid-Phase Microextraction Chromatography Methods in the Separation of Organic Compounds: A Review
    Alsharif AM, Tan GH, Choo YM, Lawal A
    J Chromatogr Sci, 2017 03 01;55(3):378-391.
    PMID: 27903555 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw188
    Hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) techniques coupled to chromatographic systems have been widely used for extraction and determination of diverse compounds. HF-LPME was able to provide better results in precision, accuracy, selectivity and enrichment factor, in addition to reduction of matrix effect and carry over. It is applicable within a wide pH range and compatible with most analytical instruments which enable the utilization of HF-LPME in a wide variety of applications. This review focused on the modified HF-LPME techniques, efficiency, comparison to other LPME methods and applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linear Models
  10. Fulltext Embedded Smart Antenna for Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation (NDT&E) of Moisture Content and Deterioration in Concrete
    Teng KH, Kot P, Muradov M, Shaw A, Hashim K, Gkantou M, et al.
    Sensors (Basel), 2019 Jan 28;19(3).
    PMID: 30696110 DOI: 10.3390/s19030547
    : Concrete failure will lead to serious safety concerns in the performance of a building structure. It is one of the biggest challenges for engineers to inspect and maintain the quality of concrete throughout the service years in order to prevent structural deterioration. To date, a lot of research is ongoing to develop different instruments to inspect concrete quality. Detection of moisture ingress is important in the structural monitoring of concrete. This paper presents a novel sensing technique using a smart antenna for the non-destructive evaluation of moisture content and deterioration inspection in concrete blocks. Two different standard concrete samples (United Kingdom and Malaysia) were investigated in this research. An electromagnetic (EM) sensor was designed and embedded inside the concrete to detect the moisture content within the structure. In addition, CST microwave studio was used to validate the theoretical model of the EM sensor against the test data. The results demonstrated that the EM sensor at 2.45 GHz is capable of detecting the moisture content in the concrete with linear regression of R² = 0.9752. Furthermore, identification of different mix ratios of concrete were successfully demonstrated in this paper. In conclusion, the EM sensor is capable of detecting moisture content non-destructively and could be a potential technique for maintenance and quality control of the building performance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linear Models
  11. Enantioselective analysis of ofloxacin and ornidazole in pharmaceutical formulations by capillary electrophoresis using single chiral selector and computational calculation of their inclusion complexes
    Al Azzam KM, Saad B, Adnan R, Aboul-Enein HY
    Anal Chim Acta, 2010 Aug 3;674(2):249-55.
    PMID: 20678638 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.06.046
    A capillary electrophoretic method for the separation of the enantiomers of both ofloxacin and ornidazole is described. Several parameters affecting the separation were studied, including the type and concentration of chiral selector, buffer pH, voltage and temperature. Good chiral separation of the racemic mixtures was achieved in less than 16 min with resolution factors Rs=5.45 and 6.28 for ofloxacin and ornidazole enantiomers, respectively. Separation was conducted using a bare fused-silica capillary and a background electrolyte (BGE) of 50 mM H(3)PO(4)-1 M tris solution; pH 1.85; containing 30 mg mL(-1) of sulfated-beta-cyclodextrin (S-beta-CD). The separation was carried out in reversed polarity mode at 25 degrees C, 18 kV, detection wavelength at 230 nm and using hydrodynamic injection for 15 s. Acceptable validation criteria for selectivity, linearity, precision, and accuracy were studied. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) of the enantiomers (ofloxacin enantiomer 1 (OF-E1), ofloxacin enantiomer 2 (OF-E2), ornidazole enantiomer 1 (OR-E1) and ornidazole enantiomer 2 (OR-E2)) were (0.52, 0.46, 0.54, 0.89) and (1.59, 1.40, 3.07, 2.70) microg mL(-1), respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the assay of enantiomers of both ofloxacin and ornidazole in pharmaceutical formulations. The computational calculations for the enantiomeric inclusion complexes rationalized the reasons for the different migration times between the ofloxacin and ornidazole enantiomers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linear Models
  12. Enantioselective analysis of primaquine and its impurity quinocide by capillary electrophoresis
    Elbashir AA, Saad B, Ali AS, Saleh MI, Aboul-Enein HY
    Biomed Chromatogr, 2009 Mar;23(3):295-301.
    PMID: 18816453 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1113
    A capillary electrophoretic (CE) method for the baseline separation of the enantiomers of primaquine diphosphate (PQ) and quinocide (QC) (a major contaminant) in pharmaceutical formulations is proposed. Both components were separated under the following conditions: 50 mm tris phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) containing 15 mm hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin (HP-gamma-CD) as background electrolyte; applied voltage, 16 kV; capillary temperature, 25 degrees C; detection wavelength, 254 nm; hydrostatic injection, 10 s. The separations were conducted using a 35 cm length and 50 microm i.d. uncoated fused silica capillary column. Under the optimized conditions, the components were successfully separated in about 5 min. Intraday precision of migration time and corrected peak areas when expressed as relative standard deviation ranged from 0.17 to 0.45 and 2.60 to 3.94%, respectively, while the interday precision ranged from 2.59 to 4.20 and 3.15 to 4.21%, respectively. After the validation exercise, the proposed method was applied for the determination of QC impurity in PQ formulations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linear Models
  13. Fulltext Enhanced accumulation of copper and lead in amaranth (Amaranthus paniculatus), Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
    Rahman MM, Azirun SM, Boyce AN
    PLoS One, 2013;8(5):e62941.
    PMID: 23667546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062941
    Soil contamination by copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) is a widespread environmental problem. For phytoextraction to be successful and viable in environmental remediation, strategies that can improve plant uptake must be identified. In the present study we investigated the use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer as an efficient way to enhance accumulation of Cu and Pb from contaminated industrial soils into amaranth, Indian mustard and sunflower.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linear Models
  14. Epidemiology of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need of 12-13-year-old Malaysian schoolchildren
    Esa R, Razak IA, Allister JH
    Community Dent Health, 2001 Mar;18(1):31-6.
    PMID: 11421403
    Data on malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in Malaysia are limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in a sample of 12-13-year-old schoolchildren using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), and to assess the relationship between malocclusion and socio-demographic variables, perceptions of need for orthodontic treatment, aesthetic perception and social functioning.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linear Models
  15. Estimating groundwater recharge using empirical method: a case study in the tropical zone
    Seyed Reza Saghravani, Ismail Yusoff, Sa’ari Mustapha, Seyed Fazlollah Saghravani
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:553-560.
    Estimation and forecast of groundwater recharge and capacity of aquifer are essential issues in water resources investigation. In the current research, groundwater recharge, recharge coefficient and effective rainfall were determined through a case study using empirical methods applicable to the tropical zones. The related climatological data between January 2000 and December 2010 were collected in Selangor, Malaysia. The results showed that groundwater recharge was326.39 mm per year, effective precipitation was 1807.97 mm per year and recharge coefficient was 18% for the study area. In summary, the precipitation converted to recharge, surface runoff and evapotranspiration are 12, 32 and 56% of rainfall, respectively. Correlation between climatic parameters and groundwater recharge showed positive and negative relationships. The highest correlation was found between precipitation and recharge. Linear multiple regressions between
    recharge and measured climatologic data proved significant relationship between recharge and rainfall and wind speed. It was also proven that the proposed model provided an accurate estimation for similar projects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linear Models
  16. Estimation of background radiation doses for the Peninsular Malaysia's population by ESR dosimetry of tooth enamel
    Rodzi M, Zhumadilov K, Ohtaki M, Ivannikov A, Bhattacharjee D, Fukumura A, et al.
    Radiat Environ Biophys, 2011 Aug;50(3):451-8.
    PMID: 21404066 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-011-0358-9
    Background radiation dose is used in dosimetry for estimating occupational doses of radiation workers or determining radiation dose of an individual following accidental exposure. In the present study, the absorbed dose and the background radiation level are determined using the electron spin resonance (ESR) method on tooth samples. The effect of using different tooth surfaces and teeth exposed with single medical X-rays on the absorbed dose are also evaluated. A total of 48 molars of position 6-8 were collected from 13 district hospitals in Peninsular Malaysia. Thirty-six teeth had not been exposed to any excessive radiation, and 12 teeth had been directly exposed to a single X-ray dose during medical treatment prior to extraction. There was no significant effect of tooth surfaces and exposure with single X-rays on the measured absorbed dose of an individual. The mean measured absorbed dose of the population is 34 ± 6.2 mGy, with an average tooth enamel age of 39 years. From the slope of a regression line, the estimated annual background dose for Peninsular Malaysia is 0.6 ± 0.3 mGy y(-1). This value is slightly lower than the yearly background dose for Malaysia, and the radiation background dose is established by ESR tooth measurements on samples from India and Russia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linear Models
  17. Estimation of body height from spinal length measurements using post-mortem computed tomographic images
    Zyoud TYT, Abdul Rashid SN, Suppiah S, Mahmud R, Kabeer A, Abd Manaf R, et al.
    Malays J Pathol, 2020 Dec;42(3):423-431.
    PMID: 33361724
    INTRODUCTION: Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) provides information that helps in the determination of the cause of death and corpse identification of disaster victims. One of the methods for corpse identification includes assessment of the body stature. There is a lack of post-mortem imaging studies that focus on the anthropometric assessment of corpses. Our aim was to identify the relationship between cadaveric spine length and autopsy length (AL) among and autopsy length (AL) among a Malaysian population and derive a regression formula for the estimation of corpse body height using PMCT.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively assessed 107 cadavers that had undergone conventional autopsy and PMCT. We made 5 measurements from the PMCT that included cervical length (CL), thoracic length (TL), lumbosacral length (LS), total column length of the spine, excluding the sacrum and coccyx (TCL), and ellipse line measurement of the whole spine, excluding the sacrum and coccyx (EL). We compared these anthropometric PMCT measurements with AL and correlated them using linear regression analysis.

    RESULTS: The results showed a significant linear relationship existed between TL and LS with AL, which was higher in comparison with the other parameters than the rest of the spine parameters. The linear regression formula derived was: 48.163 + 2.458 (TL) + 2.246 (LS).

    CONCLUSIONS: The linear regression formula derived from PMCT spine length parameters particularly thoracic and lumbar spine gave a finer correlation with autopsy body length and can be used for accurate estimation of cadaveric height. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first ever linear regression formula for cadaveric height assessment using only post mortem CT spine length measurements.

    Matched MeSH terms: Linear Models
  18. Fulltext Ethnic differences in anthropometry among adult Singaporean Chinese, Malays and Indians, and their effects on lung volumes
    Yap WS, Chan CC, Chan SP, Wang YT
    Respir Med, 2001 Apr;95(4):297-304.
    PMID: 11316113
    When standing height (StndHt) cannot be assessed, arm span (AS) or sitting height (SitHt) has been used as surrogate variables for prediction of StndHt in adult caucasians and blacks. We examined (1) the relationship between StndHt, AS and SitHt among adult Chinese, Malays and Indians; and (2) whether anthropometry could explain the ethnic differences in lung volumes (as StndHt-adjusted lung volumes are known to differ significantly: Chinese > Malays > Indians). We recruited 1250 consecutive outpatients aged 20-90 years. Prediction equations of StndHt (with AS, SitHt, weight, age as predictors) for each subgroup of race and sex were formulated with multiple linear regressions. Equations with both AS and SitHt as predictors had the best goodness of fit (SEE = 2.37-2.85 cm, adjusted R2 = 0.67-0.87), as compared to equations with either AS (SEE = 3.00-3.91 cm, adjusted R2 = 0.58-0.80) or SitHt alone (SEE = 3.48-4.00 cm, adjusted R2 = 0.45-0.76). GLM general factorial analyses found that age- and weight-adjusted SitHt-to-StndHt ratios differed significantly among Chinese (0.539), Malays (0.529) and Indians (0.518). This paralleled the ethnic differences in lung volumes. The equations with both AS and SitHt as predictors provide the most accurate estimate of StndHt. Ethnic differences in upper body segment length may explain in part the lung volume differences.
    Study site: Respiratory clinic, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
    Matched MeSH terms: Linear Models
  19. Fulltext Ethnic groups difference in discriminatory attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients among medical students: a cross-sectional study
    Chew, B.H., Cheong, A.T.
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2014;10(1):61-69.
    MyJurnal
    Medical students are future doctors who are trained to treat all kinds of diseases including people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) without prejudice. Teaching basic scientific knowledge and technical skills is no longer adequate for today’s medical students. There is also a need for them to be provided with high personal and professional values. This study examined stigmatizing attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) among the medical students in a public medical school. The participants were stratified to preclinical-year (year 1 and year 2) and clinical-year (year 3 and year 4) medical students. Simple random sampling was carried out to select 170 participants from each category of students. Self-administered questionnaires captured socio-demographic data, HIV/AIDS knowledge and stigmatisation attitudes towards PLWHA. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the relationship between ethnic groups and stigmatization attitude. Three hundred and forty participants were recruited. Malay medical students who did not have previous encounter with PLWHA were associated with stigmatizing attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients, whereas clinical-year medical students who had no clinical encounter with PLWHA were more likely to feel uncomfortable with PLWHA. Malay ethnicity and medical students in clinical years who had not encounter a PLWHA were more likely to have stigmatizing attitude towards PLWHA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Linear Models
  20. Ethnicity as a determinant of asthma-related quality of life in a multiracial country
    Loh LC, Teh PN, Seth KD, Raman S, Vijayasingham P, Thayaparan T
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2006;18(1):49-55.
    PMID: 16629438 DOI: 10.1177/10105395060180010801
    In a multiracial country like Malaysia, ethnicity may influence the measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQL) in asthmatic patients. We invited 131 adult patients [44 Malays, 42 Chinese and 45 Indians; mean (95% CI) age: 43 (40.2-45.7) yrs; 28.2% male] with moderate-to-severe persistent asthma followed up in an urban-based hospital outpatient clinic to complete a disease-specific HRQL questionnaire [St Georges' Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ)] and to provide socio-demographic and asthma-related data. Indians reported significantly worse SGRQ total score, compared to Malays [mean (95% CI) difference: 10.15 (0.51-19.78); p = 0.037] and SGRQ activity score, compared to Malays [13.50 (1.95-25.05); p = 0.019] and Chinese [11.88 (0.19-25.05); p = 0.046]. Further analysis using multivariate linear regression showed that Indian ethnicity remained independently associated with SGRQ scores. Our finding highlights the relevance of ethnicity in assessing HRQL of asthmatic patients in a multiracial country such as Malaysia.

    Study site: chest clinic of an urban-based
    university teaching hospital
    Matched MeSH terms: Linear Models
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