Displaying publications 141 - 160 of 392 in total

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  1. Genetic diversity, virulotyping and antimicrobial resistance susceptibility of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from pigs and porcine products in Malaysia
    Thong KL, Tan LK, Ooi PT
    J Sci Food Agric, 2018 Jan;98(1):87-95.
    PMID: 28542807 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8442
    BACKGROUND: The objectives of the present study were to determine the antimicrobial resistance, virulotypes and genetic diversity of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from uncooked porcine food and live pigs in Malaysia.

    RESULTS: Thirty-two non-repeat Y. enterocolitica strains of three bioserotypes (3 variant/O:3, n = 27; 1B/O:8, n = 3; 1A/O:5, n = 2) were analysed. Approximately 90% of strains were multidrug-resistant with a multiple antibiotic resistance index < 0.2 and the majority of the strains were resistant to nalidixic acid, clindamycin, ampicillin, ticarcillin, tetracycline and amoxicillin. Yersinia enterocolitica could be distinguished distinctly into three clusters by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, with each belonging to a particular bioserotype. Strains of 3 variant/O:3 were more heterogeneous than others. Eleven of the 15 virulence genes tested (hreP, virF, rfbC, myfA, sat, inv, ail, ymoA, ystA, tccC, yadA) and pYV virulence plasmid were present in all the bioserotpe 3 variant/03 strains.

    CONCLUSION: The occurrence of virulent strains of Y. enterocolitica in pigs and porcine products reiterated that pigs are important reservoirs for Y. enterocolitica. The increasing trend of multidrug resistant strains is a public health concern. This is the first report on the occurrence of potential pathogenic and resistant strains of Y. enterocolitica in pigs in Malaysia. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

    Matched MeSH terms: Swine; Swine Diseases/microbiology*
  2. Fulltext Different Concentrations of Doxycycline in Swine Manure Affect the Microbiome and Degradation of Doxycycline Residue in Soil
    Yan Q, Li X, Ma B, Zou Y, Wang Y, Liao X, et al.
    Front Microbiol, 2018;9:3129.
    PMID: 30619199 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03129
    Antibiotic residues that enter the soil through swine manure could disturb the number, community structure and functions of microbiota which could also degrade antibiotics in soil. Five different concentrations of doxycycline (DOX) incorporated into swine manure were added to soil to explore the effects of DOX on microbiota in soil and degradation itself. The results showed that the soil microbiome evolved an adaptation to the soil containing DOX by generating resistance genes. Moreover, some of the organisms within the soil microbiome played crucial roles in the degradation of DOX. The average degradation half-life of DOX in non-sterile groups was 13.85 ± 0.45 days, which was significantly shorter than the 29.26 ± 0.98 days in the group with sterilized soil (P < 0.01), indicating that the soil microbiome promoted DOX degradation. DOX addition affected the number of tetracycline resistance genes, depending on the type of gene and the DOX concentration. Among these genes, tetA, tetM, tetW, and tetX had significantly higher copy numbers when the concentration of DOX was higher. In contrast, a lower concentration of DOX had an inhibitory effect on tetG. At the same time, the microbial compositions were affected by the initial concentration of DOX and the different experimental periods. The soil chemical indicators also affected the microbial diversity changes, mainly because some microorganisms could survive in adversity and become dominant bacterial groups, such as the genera Vagococcus and Enterococcus (which were associated with electrical conductivity) and Caldicoprobacter spp. (which were positively correlated with pH). Our study mainly revealed soil microbiota and DOX degradation answered differently under variable concentrations of DOX mixed with swine manure in soil.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  3. Comparison of DNA profiling between fishes and pork meat using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) analysis
    Safiyyah Shahimi, Wan Sakeenah Wan Nazri, Aminah Abdullah, Norrakiah Abdullah Sani, Sahilah Abd. Mutalib
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:1535-1540.
    Genomic DNA of 13 fish (n=13) species consist of four freshwater which were catfish (Clarias gariepinus), shark catfish (Pangasius larnaudii), tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), perch (Lates calcarifer) and nine marine species which were black pomfret (Parastromateus niger), anchovy (Stolephorus commersonii), mabong (Rastrelliger kanagurta), red snapper (Lutjanus erythropterus), herring (Chirocentrus dorab), ray fish (Himantura gerrardii), sardine (Decapterus macrosoma), mackerel (Euthynnus affinis) and tuna (Thunnus tuna) were differentiated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Seven endonucleases of AluI, BsaJI, HaeIII, HindIII, HinfI, MboI and MboII were examined for the ability to digest cyt b amplicon from each species. Genomic DNA of pork (Sus scrofa domestica) were differentiated from fishes by comparing the digestion patterns produced by similar amplified region and enzymes used. In the present study, it was demonstrated that fishes and pork DNA genome were successfully differentiated using all endonucleases except for HindIII. Thus, PCR-RFLP analysis was found useful for future pork DNA detection in fish products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  4. Fulltext Indirect ELISA based on Hendra and Nipah virus proteins for the detection of henipavirus specific antibodies in pigs
    Fischer K, Diederich S, Smith G, Reiche S, Pinho Dos Reis V, Stroh E, et al.
    PLoS One, 2018;13(4):e0194385.
    PMID: 29708971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194385
    Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV) belong to the genus Henipavirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. Henipavirus infections were first reported in the 1990's causing severe and often fatal outbreaks in domestic animals and humans in Southeast Asia and Australia. NiV infections were observed in humans in Bangladesh, India and in the first outbreak in Malaysia, where pigs were also infected. HeV infections occurred in horses in the North-Eastern regions of Australia, with singular transmission events to humans. Bats of the genus Pteropus have been identified as the reservoir hosts for henipaviruses. Molecular and serological indications for the presence of henipa-like viruses in African fruit bats, pigs and humans have been published recently. In our study, truncated forms of HeV and NiV attachment (G) proteins as well as the full-length NiV nucleocapsid (N) protein were expressed using different expression systems. Based on these recombinant proteins, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA) were developed for the detection of HeV or NiV specific antibodies in porcine serum samples. We used the NiV N ELISA for initial serum screening considering the general reactivity against henipaviruses. The G protein based ELISAs enabled the differentiation between HeV and NiV infections, since as expected, the sera displayed higher reactivity with the respective homologous antigens. In the future, these assays will present valuable tools for serosurveillance of swine and possibly other livestock or wildlife species in affected areas. Such studies will help assessing the potential risk for human and animal health worldwide by elucidating the distribution of henipaviruses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  5. Fulltext Exploratory Analysis of the Microbiological Potential for Efficient Utilization of Fiber Between Lantang and Duroc Pigs
    Cheng P, Wang Y, Liang J, Wu Y, Wright A, Liao X
    Front Microbiol, 2018;9:1342.
    PMID: 29988353 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01342
    There is growing interest in the use of unconventional feed ingredients containing higher dietary fiber for pig production due to increasing prices of cereal grains and the potential health benefits of dietary fiber on host animals. This study aimed to gain insight into the community-wide microbiome population between the Chinese native Lantang pigs and the commercial Duroc pigs to uncover the microbiological mechanisms for the degradation capacity of fiber in pigs. Utilizing the metagenomics approach, we compared the phylogeny and functional capacity of the fecal microbiome from approximately 150-day-old female Lantang and Duroc pigs fed a similar diet. The structure of the fecal microbial community from the two pig breeds was different at the genus level; the number of genes associated with fiber degradation was higher in Lantang pigs. Further analysis and prediction of their functions from the fecal microbiomes of the two pig breeds revealed that the degradation capacities of fiber, branched chain fatty acids, and oligosaccharides were higher in Lantang pigs. The ability of lignocellulose bonding modules and the transport capacities of xylose, L-arabinose, ribose and methyl galactose were also higher in Lantang pigs. Similarly, the metabolic capacities of xylose, ribose, and fucose and the potential effectiveness of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and gene abundance in the hydrogen sink pathway were higher in the fecal microbiome from Lantang pigs. Lantang pigs have a higher capacity to utilize dietary fiber than Duroc pigs, and the differences in the capability to utilize dietary fiber between the indigenous and commercial pigs could be differences in the composition and biological function of the gut microbiota.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  6. Fulltext Effects of fish collagen hydrolysate (FCH) as fat replacer in the production of buffalo patties
    Fakhriyah Nur Ibrahim, Masni Mat Yusoff, Radhiah Shukri, Mohammad Rashedi Ismail-Fitry
    Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 2018;11(1):108-117.
    MyJurnal
    Pork and bovine collagen incorporated into meat products showed promising
    functional properties as food ingredients but has the halal issue. This study
    investigated the effect of incorporating fish collagen hydrolysate (FCH) as a fat replacer
    in buffalo patties in terms of proximate values, texture and colour properties. There
    were five different formulations including a control (10% fat, 0% FCH), A (7.5% fat, 2.5%
    FCH), B (5% fat, 5% FCH), C (2.5% fat, 7.5% FCH), and D (0% fat, 10% FCH). There were
    no significant differences (p>0.05) between all formulations in terms of cooking yield,
    shrinkage, water-holding capacity, and pH value. The sensory test showed no
    significant difference (p>0.05) between all formulations in terms of colour,
    appearance, juiciness, aroma, and overall acceptability, while sample D with 10% FCH
    had significantly lower (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  7. Fulltext Occurrence of virulent multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium in the pigs, farmers and farm environments in Malaysia
    Tan SC, Chong CW, Teh CSJ, Ooi PT, Thong KL
    PeerJ, 2018;6:e5353.
    PMID: 30123701 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5353
    Background: Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are ubiquitous opportunistic pathogens found in the guts of humans and farmed animals. This study aimed to determine the occurrence, antimicrobial resistance, virulence, biofilm-forming ability and genotypes of E. faecalis and E. faecium from swine farms. Correlations between the genotypes, virulotypes, antibiotic resistance, and the environmental factors such as locality of farms and farm hygiene practice were explored.

    Methods: E. faecalis and E. faecium strains were isolated from the oral, rectal and fecal samples of 140 pigs; nasal, urine and fecal samples of 34 farmers working in the farms and 42 environmental samples collected from seven swine farms located in Peninsular Malaysia. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the disk diffusion method, and the antibiotic resistance and virulence genes were detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction. Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic-Polymerase Chain Reaction and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis were performed to determine the clonality of the strains. Crosstab/Chi-square test and DistLM statistical analyses methods were used to determine the correlations between the genotypes, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, and the environmental factors.

    Results: A total of 211 E. faecalis and 42 E. faecium were recovered from 140 pigs, 34 farmers and 42 environmental samples collected from seven swine farms in Peninsular Malaysia. Ninety-eight percent of the strains were multidrug-resistant (resistant to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin). Fifty-two percent of the strains formed biofilms. Virulence genes efa, asaI, gelE, esp, cyl and ace genes were detected. Virulence genes efa and asaI were most prevalent in E. faecalis (90%) and E. faecium (43%), respectively. Cluster analyses based on REP-PCR and PFGE showed the strains were genetically diverse. Overall, the strains isolated from pigs and farmers were distinct, except for three highly similar strains found in pigs and farmers. The strains were regional- and host-specific.

    Discussion: This study revealed alarming high frequencies of multidrug-resistant enterococci in pigs and swine farmers. The presence of resistance and virulence genes and the ability to form biofilm further enhance the persistence and pathogenicity of the strains. Although the overall clonality of the strains were regionals and host-specific, strains with high similarity were found in different hosts. This study reiterates a need of a more stringent regulation to ensure the proper use of antibiotics in swine husbandry to reduce the wide spread of multidrug-resistant strains.

    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  8. Fulltext Wonders of halal and balanced, diet’ instructions
    Norhaslinda, R., Adzim, M. K. R., Norhayati, A. H.
    Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine, 2018;1(1):23-27.
    MyJurnal
    Food defined as material that can be brought into the body of a human, animal or plant sources for
    upholding the balance of life and it includes rice, vegetables, bread and others. However, in Islam, its
    emphasized more on clean, harmless food and also with a code known as Halal diet. Halal is a term from
    the Quran which means permissible or lawful. In Islam, known special regulations in the slaughter of
    animals to be Halal diet include with saying the name of Allah the Almighty and make an incision to cut
    the lifeblood of the animal's neck, letting the action veins and organs intact. In contrast, Haram means 'not
    allowed' or 'forbidden' in Islam. Among the Haram foods as mentioned in the Qur'an and the Sunnah, it
    includes carrion, blood, dogs, pigs, and alcohol.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  9. Transient expression of an immunogenic envelope attachment glycoprotein of nipah virus in nicotiana benthamiana
    Rofina Yasmin Othman, Jennifer Ann Harikrishna, Gan KS, Tan CS
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:499-509.
    The Nipah virus is highly virulent to swine and humans. The envelope attachment glycoprotein (G) of Nipah virus
    plays a key role in viral entry and induction of neutralizing antibody in mammalian hosts, thus is considered a good
    candidate for vaccine development. Plant transient expression systems are gaining recognition as a viable alternative
    for the production of vaccine antigens. In this study, we expressed the Nipah virus G protein heterologously in Nicotiana
    benthamiana using an agroinfiltration approach. The highest expression of recombinant G protein in N. benthamiana at
    RNA and protein levels was detected on day 9 post-infiltration. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the purified G
    protein reacted specifically with rabbit anti-Nipah Virus serum, indicating its potential for vaccine use.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  10. Recent advances in the use of animal-sourced gelatine as natural polymers for food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications
    Mohd Shakrie Palan Abdullah, Mohamed Ibrahim Noordin, Syed Ibrahim Mohd Ismail, Nur Murnisa Mustapha, Malina Jasamai, Ahmad Fuad Shamsuddin, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:323-336.
    Gelatine is used as an excipient for various pharmaceutical dosage forms, such as capsule shells (both hard and soft),
    tablets, suspensions, emulsions and injections (e.g. plasma expanders). It is also broadly used in various industries
    such as food and cosmetics. Gelatine is a biopolymer obtained from discarded or unused materials of bovine, porcine,
    ovine, poultry and marine industrial farms. The discarded materials can be the skin, tendons, cartilages, bones and
    connective tissues. Gelatine sourced from animals is relatively easy and inexpensive to produce. The potential needs of
    gelatine cannot be overemphasised. Rising demands, health concerns and religious issues have heightened the need for
    alternative sources of gelatine. This review presents the various industrial uses of gelatine and the latest developments
    in producing gelatine from various sources.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  11. Fulltext Surveillance for respiratory and diarrheal pathogens at the human-pig interface in Sarawak, Malaysia
    Borkenhagen LK, Mallinson KA, Tsao RW, Ha SJ, Lim WH, Toh TH, et al.
    PLoS One, 2018;13(7):e0201295.
    PMID: 30052648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201295
    BACKGROUND: The large livestock operations and dense human population of Southeast Asia are considered a hot-spot for emerging viruses.

    OBJECTIVES: To determine if the pathogens adenovirus (ADV), coronavirus (CoV), encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), enterovirus (EV), influenza A-D (IAV, IBV, ICV, and IDV), porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), and porcine rotaviruses A and C (RVA and RVC), are aerosolized at the animal-interface, and if humans working in these environments are carrying these viruses in their nasal airways.

    STUDY: This cross-sectional study took place in Sarawak, Malaysia among 11 pig farms, 2 abattoirs, and 3 animal markets in June and July of 2017. Pig feces, pig oral secretions, bioaerosols, and worker nasal wash samples were collected and analyzed via rPCR and rRT-PCR for respiratory and diarrheal viruses.

    RESULTS: In all, 55 pig fecal, 49 pig oral or water, 45 bioaerosol, and 78 worker nasal wash samples were collected across 16 sites. PCV2 was detected in 21 pig fecal, 43 pig oral or water, 3 bioaerosol, and 4 worker nasal wash samples. In addition, one or more bioaerosol or pig samples were positive for EV, IAV, and RVC, and one or more worker samples were positive for ADV, CoV, IBV, and IDV.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that nucleic acids from a number of targeted viruses were present in pig oral secretions and pig fecal samples, and that several viruses were detected in bioaerosol samples or in the nasal passages of humans with occupational exposure to pigs. These results demonstrate the need for future research in strengthening viral surveillance at the human-animal interface, specifically through expanded bioaerosol sampling efforts and a seroepidemiological study of individuals with exposure to pigs in this region for PCV2 infection.

    Matched MeSH terms: Swine/virology*; Swine Diseases/virology*
  12. Fulltext Cross-boundary subsidy cascades from oil palm degrade distant tropical forests
    Luskin MS, Brashares JS, Ickes K, Sun IF, Fletcher C, Wright SJ, et al.
    Nat Commun, 2017 12 20;8(1):2231.
    PMID: 29263381 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01920-7
    Native species that forage in farmland may increase their local abundances thereby affecting adjacent ecosystems within their landscape. We used two decades of ecological data from a protected primary rainforest in Malaysia to illutrate how subsidies from neighboring oil palm plantations triggered powerful secondary 'cascading' effects on natural habitats located >1.3 km away. We found (i) oil palm fruit drove 100-fold increases in crop-raiding native wild boar (Sus scrofa), (ii) wild boar used thousands of understory plants to construct birthing nests in the pristine forest interior, and (iii) nest building caused a 62% decline in forest tree sapling density over the 24-year study period. The long-term, landscape-scale indirect effects from agriculture suggest its full ecological footprint may be larger in extent than is currently recognized. Cross-boundary subsidy cascades may be widespread in both terrestrial and marine ecosystems and present significant conservation challenges.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  13. In Vitro and In Vivo Skin Distribution of 5α-Reductase Inhibitors Loaded Into Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles
    Madheswaran T, Baskaran R, Yoo BK, Kesharwani P
    J Pharm Sci, 2017 11;106(11):3385-3394.
    PMID: 28652158 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.06.016
    In this study, we developed positively charged liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCN) coated with chitosan (CHI) to enhance the skin permeation and distribution of 5α-reductase inhibitors for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. LCN and surface-modified LCN (CHI-LCN) were prepared by ultrasonication method, and their physicochemical properties were characterized. In vitro and in vivo skin permeation and retention were studied using porcine abdominal skin and mice skin using the Franz diffusion cell. Skin distribution and cellular uptake of LCN and CHI-LCN were also investigated. The particle size and surface charge were 244.9 ± 2.1 nm and -19.2 ± 1.1 mV, respectively, for LCNs and 300.0 ± 7.6 nm and 24.7 ± 2.4 mV, respectively, for CHI-LCN. The permeation of 5α-reductase inhibitors was significantly greater with CHI-LCN compared with LCN, whereas there was no significant difference observed in the skin distribution. In fluorescence studies, fluorescence intensity was higher for CHI-LCNs throughout the skin, whereas more intense fluorescence was seen only in the epidermis layer for LCN. CHI-LCN showed greater cellular uptake than LCN, resulting in internalization of 98.5 ± 1.9% of nanoparticles into human keratinocyte cells. In conclusion, surface modification of LCN with CHI is a promising strategy for increasing skin permeation of 5α-reductase inhibitors for topical delivery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  14. Biology-oriented drug synthesis (BIODS) of 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl aryl ether derivatives, in vitro α-amylase inhibitory activity and in silico studies
    Taha M, Imran S, Ismail NH, Selvaraj M, Rahim F, Chigurupati S, et al.
    Bioorg Chem, 2017 10;74:1-9.
    PMID: 28719801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.07.001
    A new library of 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl aryl ether derivatives (1-23) were synthesized and characterized by EI-MS and 1H NMR, and screened for their α-amylase inhibitory activity. Out of twenty-three derivatives, two molecules 19 (IC50=0.38±0.82µM) and 23 (IC50=1.66±0.14µM), showed excellent activity whereas the remaining compounds, except 10 and 17, showed good to moderate inhibition in the range of IC50=1.77-2.98µM when compared with the standard acarbose (IC50=1.66±0.1µM). A plausible structure-activity relationship has also been presented. In addition, in silico studies was carried out in order to rationalize the binding interaction of compounds with the active site of enzyme.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  15. Zoonotic infection with Onchocerca dewittei japonica in an 11-year-old boy in Kansai Region, Western Honshu, Japan
    Uni S, Fukuda M, Ogawa K, Lim YA, Agatsuma T, Bunchom N, et al.
    Parasitol Int, 2017 Oct;66(5):593-595.
    PMID: 28648713 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2017.06.006
    An 11-year-old boy living in Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture, Kansai Region, Western Honshu, Japan had zoonotic onchocercosis. The patient developed a painful swelling on the little finger of his left hand. The worm detected in the excised mass had external transverse ridges but did not have inner striae in the cuticle. On the basis of the parasite's histopathological characteristics, the causative agent was identified as a female Onchocerca dewittei japonica (Spirurida: Onchocercidae). The species of the filarial parasite was confirmed by sequencing the cox1 gene of the parasite. The Japanese wild boar Sus scrofa leucomystax is a definitive host for O. dewittei japonica, which is then transmitted by blackflies as the vector to humans. The current case described occurred in the Kansai Region, Western Honshu, where such infections were previously not reported.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine; Swine Diseases/parasitology
  16. Recent advances in the identification and authentication methods of edible bird's nest
    Lee TH, Wani WA, Koay YS, Kavita S, Tan ETT, Shreaz S
    Food Res Int, 2017 10;100(Pt 1):14-27.
    PMID: 28873672 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.036
    Edible bird's nest (EBN) is an expensive animal bioproduct due to its reputation as a food and delicacy with diverse medicinal properties. One kilogram of EBN costs ~$6000 in China. EBN and its products are consumed in mostly Asian countries such as China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam and Thailand, making up almost 1/3 of world population. The rapid growth in EBN consumption has led to a big rise in the trade scale of its global market. Presently, various fake materials such as tremella fungus, pork skin, karaya gum, fish swimming bladder, jelly, agar, monosodium glutamate and egg white are used to adulterate EBNs for earning extra profits. Adulterated or fake EBN may be hazardous to the consumers. Thus, it is necessary to identify of the adulterants. Several sophisticated techniques based on genetics, immunochemistry, spectroscopy, chromatography and gel electrophoresis have been used for the detection of various types of adulterants in EBN. This article describes the recent advances in the authentication methods for EBN. Different genetic, immunochemical, spectroscopic and analytical methods such as genetics (DNA) based techniques, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopic techniques, and chromatographic and gel electrophoretic methods have been discussed. Besides, significance of the reported methods that might pertain them to applications in EBN industry has been described. Finally, efforts have been made to discuss the challenges and future perspectives of the authentication methods for EBN.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  17. Synthesis and study of the α-amylase inhibitory potential of thiadiazole quinoline derivatives
    Taha M, Tariq Javid M, Imran S, Selvaraj M, Chigurupati S, Ullah H, et al.
    Bioorg Chem, 2017 10;74:179-186.
    PMID: 28826047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.08.003
    α-Amylase is a target for type-2 diabetes mellitus treatment. However, small molecule inhibitors of α-amylase are currently scarce. In the course of developing small molecule α-amylase inhibitors, we designed and synthesized thiadiazole quinoline analogs (1-30), characterized by different spectroscopic techniques such as 1HNMR and EI-MS and screened for α-amylase inhibitory potential. Thirteen analogs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28 and 30 showed outstanding α-amylase inhibitory potential with IC50 values ranges between 0.002±0.60 and 42.31±0.17μM which is many folds better than standard acarbose having IC50 value 53.02±0.12μM. Eleven analogs 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19 and 24 showed good to moderate inhibitory potential while seven analogs 8, 13, 16, 20, 21 and 29 were found inactive. Our study identifies novel series of potent α-amylase inhibitors for further investigation. Structure activity relationship has been established.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  18. Fulltext Improved Method for the Establishment of an In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model Based on Porcine Brain Endothelial Cells
    Nielsen SSE, Siupka P, Georgian A, Preston JE, Tóth AE, Yusof SR, et al.
    J Vis Exp, 2017 09 24.
    PMID: 28994773 DOI: 10.3791/56277
    The aim of this protocol presents an optimized procedure for the purification and cultivation of pBECs and to establish in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) models based on pBECs in mono-culture (MC), MC with astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM), and non-contact co-culture (NCC) with astrocytes of porcine or rat origin. pBECs were isolated and cultured from fragments of capillaries from the brain cortices of domestic pigs 5-6 months old. These fragments were purified by careful removal of meninges, isolation and homogenization of grey matter, filtration, enzymatic digestion, and centrifugation. To further eliminate contaminating cells, the capillary fragments were cultured with puromycin-containing medium. When 60-95% confluent, pBECs growing from the capillary fragments were passaged to permeable membrane filter inserts and established in the models. To increase barrier tightness and BBB characteristic phenotype of pBECs, the cells were treated with the following differentiation factors: membrane permeant 8-CPT-cAMP (here abbreviated cAMP), hydrocortisone, and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, RO-20-1724 (RO). The procedure was carried out over a period of 9-11 days, and when establishing the NCC model, the astrocytes were cultured 2-8 weeks in advance. Adherence to the described procedures in the protocol has allowed the establishment of endothelial layers with highly restricted paracellular permeability, with the NCC model showing an average transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) of 1249 ± 80 Ω cm2, and paracellular permeability (Papp) for Lucifer Yellow of 0.90 10-6 ± 0.13 10-6 cm sec-1 (mean ± SEM, n=55). Further evaluation of this pBEC phenotype showed good expression of the tight junctional proteins claudin 5, ZO-1, occludin and adherens junction protein p120 catenin. The model presented can be used for a range of studies of the BBB in health and disease and, with the highly restrictive paracellular permeability, this model is suitable for studies of transport and intracellular trafficking.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine
  19. Probiotics: From Isolation to Application
    Shokryazdan P, Faseleh Jahromi M, Liang JB, Ho YW
    J Am Coll Nutr, 2017 09 22;36(8):666-676.
    PMID: 28937854 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1337529
    Probiotics have become highly recognized as supplements for humans and animals because of their beneficial effects on health and well-being. The present review aims to provide an overview of different steps through which microbial strains become applicable probiotics in food and/or feed industries. Isolation of potential probiotic strains is the first step. Lactic acid bacteria are the most frequently used microorganisms as probiotics, which can be isolated from human, animal, plant, and environment. The next steps are identification of the isolates and characterization of them based on the main selection criteria for any potential probiotic microorganism, including resistance to gastric acidity and bile salt, adherence to mucus and/or intestinal epithelial cells and cell lines, and antimicrobial and antagonism activity against potentially pathogenic microbes. There are additional probiotic properties that may be considered for selection of probiotic strains with specific effects, such as cholesterol reduction ability, antioxidant activity, or cytotoxic effect against cancer cells. However, a potential probiotic does not need to fulfill all such selection criteria. As the last step, safety status of probiotics for humans is verified by taxonomy clarification, in vitro and in vivo tests, human trials, and genome sequencing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine/microbiology
  20. In vitro fermentative capacity of swine large intestine: comparison between native Lantang and commercial Duroc breeds
    Cheng PH, Liang JB, Wu YB, Wang Y, Tufarelli V, Laudadio V, et al.
    Anim Sci J, 2017 Aug;88(8):1141-1148.
    PMID: 28026141 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12723
    Native Lantang and commercial Duroc pigs were used as animal models to evaluate the differences existing in dietary fiber utilization ability between breeds. Animals were fed the same diet from weaning (4 weeks) to 4 months of age. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) from wheat bran (as substrate) and fecal samples from the two breeds (as inoculum) were used in an in vitro gas production trial. Results showed that cumulative and maximum gas productions were higher in inocula from Lantang than those from the Duroc breed (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Swine/metabolism*; Swine/microbiology*
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