Displaying publications 1761 - 1780 of 4701 in total

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  1. Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon. - a review on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities
    Patel JJ, Acharya SR, Acharya NS
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2014 Jun 11;154(2):268-85.
    PMID: 24727551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.071
    Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon. (Verbenaceae) is an important medicinal plant growing in the tropical and warm temperate regions like Africa, Southern Asia; Malaysia and distributed throughout in forests of India and Sri Lanka. It is traditionally valued and reported for treating pain, inflammation, rheumatism, respiratory disorders, fever and malarial fever in India with a long history. To provide a comprehensive overview of the traditional and ethno medicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of C. serratum with clinical and toxicity data and possibly make recommendations for further research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Preparations/isolation & purification
  2. Two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy applied to analyzing and identifying the extracts of Baeckea frutescens medicinal materials
    Adib AM, Jamaludin F, Kiong LS, Hashim N, Abdullah Z
    J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2014 Aug 5;96:104-10.
    PMID: 24727283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.03.022
    Baeckea frutescens or locally known as Cucur atap is used as antibacterial, antidysentery, antipyretic and diuretic agent. In Malaysia and Indonesia, they are used as an ingredient of the traditional medicine given to mothers during confinement. A three-steps infra-red (IR) macro-fingerprinting method combining conventional IR spectra, and the secondary derivative spectra with two dimensional infrared correlation spectroscopy (2D-IR) have been proved to be effective methods to examine a complicated mixture such as herbal medicines. This study investigated the feasibility of employing multi-steps IR spectroscopy in order to study the main constituents of B. frutescens and its different extracts (extracted by chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous in turn). The findings indicated that FT-IR and 2D-IR can provide many holistic variation rules of chemical constituents. The structural information of the samples indicated that B. frutescens and its extracts contain a large amount of flavonoids, since some characteristic absorption peaks of flavonoids, such as ∼1600cm(-1), ∼1500cm(-1), ∼1450cm(-1), and ∼1270cm(-1) can be observed. The macroscopical fingerprint characters of FT-IR and 2D-IR spectra can not only provide the information of main chemical constituents in medicinal materials and their different extracts, but also compare the components differences among the similar samples. In conclusion, the multi-steps IR macro-fingerprint method is rapid, effective, visual and accurate for pharmaceutical research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Flavonoids/isolation & purification
  3. Fulltext Hypocholesterolemic activity of monascus fermented product in the absence of monacolins with partial purification for functional food applications
    Ajdari Z, Abd Ghani M, Khan Ayob M, Bayat S, Mokhtar M, Abbasiliasi S, et al.
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:252647.
    PMID: 24701147 DOI: 10.1155/2014/252647
    Hypercholesterolemia is one of the most common chronic diseases in human. Along with chemical therapy traditional medication is used as hypocholesterolemic remedy, however, with unfavorable side effects. Recently, Monascus fermented product (MFP) has become a popular hypocholesterolemic natural supplement. In the present study, the hypocholesterolemic activity of Monascus purpureus FTC5391 fermented product ethanolic extract (MFPe) was investigated in hypercholesterolemic rats. Results showed that MFPe not only reduced the serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, TG concentration, and TC/HDL-C ratio but also increased the HDL-C. Further, solid phase extraction (SPE) was carried out to obtain the hypocholesterolemic bioactive fraction. The high polar fraction of SPE increased the HDL-C (42%) and decreased the TC (53.3%), LDL-C (47%), and TG (50.7%) levels as well as TC/HDL-C ratio (69.1%) in serum. The GC-MS results of the active fraction revealed two main compounds, isosorbide and erythritol, which act as coronary vasodilator compounds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anticholesteremic Agents/isolation & purification
  4. The survival of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus on 4 household surfaces
    Oxford J, Berezin EN, Courvalin P, Dwyer DE, Exner M, Jana LA, et al.
    Am J Infect Control, 2014 Apr;42(4):423-5.
    PMID: 24679569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2013.10.016
    We investigated the survival of a pandemic strain of influenza A H1N1 on a variety of common household surfaces where multiple samples were taken from 4 types of common household fomite at 7 time points. Results showed that influenza A H1N1sw virus particles remained infectious for 48 hours on a wooden surface, for 24 hours on stainless steel and plastic surfaces, and for 8 hours on a cloth surface, although virus recovery from the cloth may have been suboptimal. Our results suggest that pandemic influenza A H1N1 can survive on common household fomites for extended periods of time, and that good hand hygiene and regular disinfection of commonly touched surfaces should be practiced during the influenza season to help reduce transmission.
    Matched MeSH terms: Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification*
  5. Fulltext Quorum sensing activity of Hafnia alvei isolated from packed food
    Tan JY, Yin WF, Chan KG
    Sensors (Basel), 2014 Apr 14;14(4):6788-96.
    PMID: 24736131 DOI: 10.3390/s140406788
    Quorum sensing (QS) is a mechanism adopted by bacteria to regulate expression of genes according to population density. N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) are a type of QS signalling molecules commonly found in Gram-negative bacteria which have been reported to play a role in microbial spoilage of foods and pathogenesis. In this study, we isolated an AHL-producing Hafnia alvei strain (FB1) from spherical fish pastes. Analysis via high resolution triple quadrupole liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) on extracts from the spent supernatant of H. alvei FB1 revealed the existence of two short chain AHLs: N-(3-oxohexanoyl) homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C6-HSL) and N-(3-oxo- octanoyl) homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C8-HSL). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the production of AHLs, especially 3-oxo-C8-HSL, by H. alvei.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hafnia alvei/isolation & purification*
  6. Fulltext Waterborne parasites: a current status from the Philippines
    Onichandran S, Kumar T, Salibay CC, Dungca JZ, Tabo HA, Tabo N, et al.
    Parasit Vectors, 2014;7:244.
    PMID: 24885105 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-244
    Despite the amount of awareness created, waterborne disease still poses threat, especially in developing countries. Due to the scarcity of reported data on waterborne parasites, the consumption of unsafe water prolongs. Thus, the occurrences of waterborne parasites from various samples were investigated from one of the Southeast Asian country, the Philippines.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eukaryota/isolation & purification*
  7. Clostridium perfringens surgical site infection after osteotomy for knee deformity correction in a non-immunocompromised child
    Abd Rashid AH, Ramli R, Ibrahim S
    Surg Infect (Larchmt), 2014 Oct;15(5):656-8.
    PMID: 24828080 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2012.192
    Clostridium perfringens myonecrosis following an elective surgical procedure in a previously healthy child is a rare incident.
    Matched MeSH terms: Clostridium perfringens/isolation & purification*
  8. Fulltext Efficient oil palm total RNA extraction with a total RNA extraction kit
    Habib SH, Saud HM, Kausar H
    Genet. Mol. Res., 2014;13(2):2359-67.
    PMID: 24781991 DOI: 10.4238/2014.April.3.8
    Oil palm tissues are rich in polyphenols, polysaccharides and secondary metabolites; these can co-precipitate with RNA, causing problems for downstream applications. We compared two different methods (one conventional and a kit-based method - Easy-Blue(TM) Total RNA Extraction Kit) to isolate total RNA from leaves, roots and shoot apical meristems of tissue culture derived truncated leaf syndrome somaclonal oil palm seedlings. The quality and quantity of total RNA were compared through spectrophotometry and formaldehyde gel electrophoresis. The specificity and applicability of the protocols were evaluated for downstream applications, including cDNA synthesis and RT-PCR analysis. We found that the conventional method gave higher yields of RNA but took longer, and it was contaminated with genomic DNA. This method required extra genomic DNA removal steps that further reduced the RNA yield. The kit-based method, on the other hand, produced good yields as well as well as good quality RNA, within a very short period of time from a small amount of starting material. Moreover, the RNA from the kit-based method was more suitable for synthesizing cDNA and RT-PCR amplification than the conventional method. Therefore, we conclude that the Easy-BlueTM Total RNA Extraction Kit method is suitable and superior for isolation of total RNA from oil palm leaf, root and shoot apical meristem.
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA, Plant/isolation & purification*
  9. Characterization of a sodium dodecyl sulphate-degrading Pseudomonas sp. strain DRY15 from Antarctic soil
    Halmi MI, Hussin WS, Aqlima A, Syed MA, Ruberto L, MacCormack WP, et al.
    J Environ Biol, 2013 Nov;34(6):1077-82.
    PMID: 24555340
    A bacterium capable of biodegrading surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) was isolated from Antarctic soil. The isolate was tentatively identified as Pseudomonas sp. strain DRY15 based on carbon utilization profiles using Biolog GN plates and partial 16S rDNA molecular phylogeny. Growth characteristic studies showed that the bacterium grew optimally at 10 degrees C, 7.25 pH, 1 g l(-1) SDS as a sole carbon source and 2 g l(-1) ammonium sulphate as nitrogen source. Growth was completely inhibited at 5 g l(-1) SDS. At a tolerable initial concentration of 2 g l(-1), approximately 90% of SDS was degraded after an incubation period of eight days. The best growth kinetic model to fit experimental data was the Haldane model of substrate inhibition with a correlation coefficient value of 0.97. The maximum growth rate was 0.372 hr(-1) while the saturation constant or half velocity constant (Ks) and inhibition constant (Ki), were 0.094% and 11.212 % SDS, respectively. Other detergent tested as carbon sources at 1 g l(-1) was Tergitol NP9, Tergitol 15S9, Witconol 2301 (methyl oleate), sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), benzethonium chloride, and benzalkonium chloride showed Tergitol NP9, Tergitol 15S9, Witconol 2301 and the anionic SDBS supported growth with the highest growth exhibited by SDBS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pseudomonas/isolation & purification
  10. Detection and characterization of viruses of the genus Megalocytivirus in ornamental fish imported into an Australian border quarantine premises: an emerging risk to national biosecurity
    Nolan D, Stephens F, Crockford M, Jones JB, Snow M
    J Fish Dis, 2015 Feb;38(2):187-95.
    PMID: 24475941 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12222
    This report documents an emerging trend of identification of Megalocytivirus-like inclusions in a range of ornamental fish species intercepted during quarantine detention at the Australian border. From September 2012 to February 2013, 5 species of fish that had suffered mortality levels in excess of 25% whilst in the post-entry quarantine and had Megalocytivirus-like inclusion bodies in histological sections were examined by PCR. The fish had been imported from Singapore, Malaysia and Sri Lanka. Ninety-seven of 111 individual fish from affected tanks of fish tested were positive for the presence of Megalocytivirus by PCR. Sequence analysis of representative PCR products revealed an identical sequence of 621 bp in all cases which was identical to a previously characterized Megalocytivirus (Sabah/RAA1/2012 strain BMGIV48). Phylogenetic analysis of available Megalocytivirus major capsid protein (MCP) sequences confirmed the existence of 3 major clades of Megalocytivirus. The virus detected in this study was identified as a member of Genotype II. The broad host range and pathogenicity of megalocytiviruses, coupled to the documented spread of ornamental fish into the environment, render this a significant and emerging biosecurity threat to Australia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Iridoviridae/isolation & purification*
  11. Fulltext MALDI-target integrated platform for affinity-captured protein digestion
    Ahmad-Tajudin A, Adler B, Ekström S, Marko-Varga G, Malm J, Lilja H, et al.
    Anal Chim Acta, 2014 Jan 7;807:1-8.
    PMID: 24356215 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.08.051
    To address immunocapture of proteins in large cohorts of clinical samples high throughput sample processing is required. Here a method using the proteomic sample platform, ISET (integrated selective enrichment target) that integrates highly specific immunoaffinity capture of protein biomarker, digestion and sample cleanup with a direct interface to mass spectrometry is presented. The robustness of the on-ISET protein digestion protocol was validated by MALDI MS analysis of model proteins, ranging from 40 fmol to 1 pmol per nanovial. On-ISET digestion and MALDI MS/MS analysis of immunoaffinity captured disease-associated biomarker PSA (prostate specific antigen) from human seminal plasma are presented.
    Matched MeSH terms: Prostate-Specific Antigen/isolation & purification
  12. Fulltext Towards an HIV cure: science and debate from the International AIDS Society 2013 symposium
    Purcell DF, Elliott JH, Ross AL, Frater J
    Retrovirology, 2013 Nov 13;10:134.
    PMID: 24224983 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-10-134
    The International AIDS Society convened the multi-stakeholder "Towards an HIV Cure" symposium in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 2013 to address the significant research challenges posed by the search for a cure for HIV infection. Current antiretroviral regimens select for a small reservoir of cells that harbour latent HIV provirus, produce few or no HIV virions, and resist detection or clearance by host immunity. The symposium examined basic molecular science and animal model data, and emerging and ongoing clinical trial results to prioritise strategies and determine the viral and immune responses that could lead to HIV remission without ART. Here we review the presentations that scrutinized the molecular mechanisms controlling virus expression from proviral DNA, and the intrinsic cellular restriction and immune mechanisms preventing viral production. Insights from the basic science have translated into new therapeutic strategies seeking HIV remission without ongoing therapy, and much interest was focused on these ongoing trials. We also summarise the emerging ethical issues and patient expectations as concepts move into the clinic.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-HIV Agents/isolation & purification*
  13. Fulltext Cloud point extraction of parabens using non-ionic surfactant with cylodextrin functionalized ionic liquid as a modifier
    Noorashikin MS, Raoov M, Mohamad S, Abas MR
    Int J Mol Sci, 2013;14(12):24531-48.
    PMID: 24351832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141224531
    A cloud point extraction (CPE) process using non-ionic surfactant (DC193C) to extract selected paraben compounds from water samples was investigated using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The CPE process with the presence of β-cyclodextrin (βCD) functionalized ionic liquid as a modifier (CPE-DC193C-βCD-IL) is a new extraction technique that has been applied on the optimization of parameters, i.e., pH, βCD-IL concentration and phase volume ratio. This CPE-DC193C-βCD-IL method is facilitated at 30 °C, showing great losses of water content in the surfactant-rich phase, resulting in a high pre-concentration factor and high distribution coefficient. The developed method CPE-DC193C-βCD-IL did show enhanced properties compared to the CPE method without the modifier (CPE-DC193C). The developed method of CPE-DC193C-βCD-IL gives an excellent performance on the detection of parabens from water samples with the limit of detection falling in the range of 0.013-0.038 µg mL-1. Finally, the inclusion complex formation, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interaction between the βCD-IL, benzyl paraben (ArP), and DC 193C were proven using 1H NMR and 2D NOESY spectroscopy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Parabens/isolation & purification
  14. Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanowhiskers from oil palm biomass microcrystalline cellulose
    Haafiz MK, Hassan A, Zakaria Z, Inuwa IM
    Carbohydr Polym, 2014 Mar 15;103:119-25.
    PMID: 24528708 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.11.055
    The objective of this study is to compare the effect of two different isolation techniques on the physico-chemical and thermal properties of cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) from oil palm biomass obtained microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Fourier transform infrared analysis showed that there are no significant changes in the peak positions, suggesting that the treatments did not affect the chemical structure of the cellulose fragment. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the aggregated structure of MCC is broken down after treatment. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the produced CNW displayed a nanoscale structure. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that chemical swelling improves the crystallinity of MCC while maintaining the cellulose I structure. Acid hydrolysis however reduced the crystallinity of MCC and displayed the coexistence of cellulose I and II allomorphs. The produced CNW is shown to have a good thermal stability and hence is suitable for a range of applications such as green biodegradable nanocomposites reinforced with CNW.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cellulose/isolation & purification*
  15. Fulltext Development of chloroplast simple sequence repeats (cpSSRs) for the intraspecific study of Gracilaria tenuistipitata (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) from different populations
    Song SL, Lim PE, Phang SM, Lee WW, Hong DD, Prathep A
    BMC Res Notes, 2014;7:77.
    PMID: 24490797 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-77
    Gracilaria tenuistipitata is an agarophyte with substantial economic potential because of its high growth rate and tolerance to a wide range of environment factors. This red seaweed is intensively cultured in China for the production of agar and fodder for abalone. Microsatellite markers were developed from the chloroplast genome of G. tenuistipitata var. liui to differentiate G. tenuistipitata obtained from six different localities: four from Peninsular Malaysia, one from Thailand and one from Vietnam. Eighty G. tenuistipitata specimens were analyzed using eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer-pairs that we developed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gracilaria/isolation & purification
  16. Fulltext Spatio-temporal analysis on enterovirus cases through integrated surveillance in Taiwan
    Chan TC, Hwang JS, Chen RH, King CC, Chiang PH
    BMC Public Health, 2014 Jan 08;14:11.
    PMID: 24400725 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-11
    BACKGROUND: Severe epidemics of enterovirus have occurred frequently in Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Cambodia, and China, involving cases of pulmonary edema, hemorrhage and encephalitis, and an effective vaccine has not been available. The specific aim of this study was to understand the epidemiological characteristics of mild and severe enterovirus cases through integrated surveillance data.

    METHODS: All enterovirus cases in Taiwan over almost ten years from three main databases, including national notifiable diseases surveillance, sentinel physician surveillance and laboratory surveillance programs from July 1, 1999 to December 31, 2008 were analyzed. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was applied for measuring the consistency of the trends in the cases between different surveillance systems. Cross correlation analysis in a time series model was applied for examining the capability to predict severe enterovirus infections. Poisson temporal, spatial and space-time scan statistics were used for identifying the most likely clusters of severe enterovirus outbreaks. The directional distribution method with two standard deviations of ellipse was applied to measure the size and the movement of the epidemic.

    RESULTS: The secular trend showed that the number of severe EV cases peaked in 2008, and the number of mild EV cases was significantly correlated with that of severe ones occurring in the same week [r = 0.553, p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Enterovirus A, Human/isolation & purification*
  17. Fulltext Extracellular enzyme profiling of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates
    Thomas R, Hamat RA, Neela V
    Virulence, 2014 Feb 15;5(2):326-30.
    PMID: 24448556 DOI: 10.4161/viru.27724
    Matched MeSH terms: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/isolation & purification
  18. Micro-solid phase extraction with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of aflatoxins in coffee and malt beverage
    Khayoon WS, Saad B, Salleh B, Manaf NH, Latiff AA
    Food Chem, 2014 Mar 15;147:287-94.
    PMID: 24206720 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.049
    A single step extraction-cleanup procedure using porous membrane-protected micro-solid phase extraction (μ-SPE) in conjunction with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the extraction and determination of aflatoxins (AFs) B1, B2, G1 and G2 from food was successfully developed. After the extraction, AFs were desorbed from the μ-SPE device by ultrasonication using acetonitrile. The optimum extraction conditions were: sorbent material, C8; sorbent mass, 20mg; extraction time, 90 min; stirring speed, 1,000 rpm; sample volume, 10 mL; desorption solvent, acetonitrile; solvent volume, 350 μL and ultrasonication period, 25 min without salt addition. Under the optimum conditions, enrichment factor of 11, 9, 9 and 10 for AFG2, AFG1, AFB2 and AFB1, respectively were achieved. Good linearity and correlation coefficient was obtained over the concentration range of 0.4-50 ng g(-1) (r(2) 0.9988-0.9999). Good recoveries for AFs ranging from 86.0-109% were obtained. The method was applied to 40 samples involving malt beverage (19) and canned coffee (21). No AFs were detected in the selected samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aflatoxins/isolation & purification*
  19. Fulltext N-acyl homoserine lactone-producing Pseudomonas putida strain T2-2 from human tongue surface
    Chen JW, Chin S, Tee KK, Yin WF, Choo YM, Chan KG
    Sensors (Basel), 2013;13(10):13192-203.
    PMID: 24084113 DOI: 10.3390/s131013192
    Bacterial cell-to-cell communication (quorum sensing) refers to the regulation of bacterial gene expression in response to changes in microbial population density. Quorum sensing bacteria produce, release and respond to chemical signal molecules called autoinducers. Bacteria use two types of autoinducers, namely autoinducer-1 (AI-1) and autoinducer-2 (AI-2) where the former are N-acylhomoserine lactones and the latter is a product of the luxS gene. Most of the reported literatures show that the majority of oral bacteria use AI-2 for quorum sensing but rarely the AI-1 system. Here we report the isolation of Pseudomonas putida strain T2-2 from the oral cavity. Using high resolution mass spectrometry, it is shown that this isolate produced N-octanoylhomoserine lactone (C8-HSL) and N-dodecanoylhomoserine lactone (C12-HSL) molecules. This is the first report of the finding of quorum sensing of P. putida strain T2-2 isolated from the human tongue surface and their quorum sensing molecules were identified.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pseudomonas putida/isolation & purification*
  20. Phylogeny and classification of Dickeya based on multilocus sequence analysis
    Marrero G, Schneider KL, Jenkins DM, Alvarez AM
    Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2013 Sep;63(Pt 9):3524-3539.
    PMID: 24003072 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.046490-0
    Bacterial heart rot of pineapple reported in Hawaii in 2003 and reoccurring in 2006 was caused by an undetermined species of Dickeya. Classification of the bacterial strains isolated from infected pineapple to one of the recognized Dickeya species and their phylogenetic relationships with Dickeya were determined by a multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA), based on the partial gene sequences of dnaA, dnaJ, dnaX, gyrB and recN. Individual and concatenated gene phylogenies revealed that the strains form a clade with reference Dickeya sp. isolated from pineapple in Malaysia and are closely related to D. zeae; however, previous DNA-DNA reassociation values suggest that these strains do not meet the genomic threshold for consideration in D. zeae, and require further taxonomic analysis. An analysis of the markers used in this MLSA determined that recN was the best overall marker for resolution of species within Dickeya. Differential intraspecies resolution was observed with the other markers, suggesting that marker selection is important for defining relationships within a clade. Phylogenies produced with gene sequences from the sequenced genomes of strains D. dadantii Ech586, D. dadantii Ech703 and D. zeae Ech1591 did not place the sequenced strains with members of other well-characterized members of their respective species. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and tetranucleotide frequencies determined for the sequenced strains corroborated the results of the MLSA that D. dadantii Ech586 and D. dadantii Ech703 should be reclassified as Dickeya zeae Ech586 and Dickeya paradisiaca Ech703, respectively, whereas D. zeae Ech1591 should be reclassified as Dickeya chrysanthemi Ech1591.
    Matched MeSH terms: Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification
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