Displaying publications 1821 - 1840 of 2798 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Fulltext Immunity and clinical efficacy of an inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine in healthy Chinese children: a report of further observations
    Liu L, Mo Z, Liang Z, Zhang Y, Li R, Ong KC, et al.
    BMC Med, 2015;13:226.
    PMID: 26381232 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0448-7
    To investigate the long-term effects on immunity of an inactivated enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccine and its protective efficacy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  2. Parental awareness and attitude towards environmental tobacco smoke exposure in children with respiratory illnesses
    Hasniah AL, Tan YP, Nur Buhairah MA, Chan TW, Muhammad Nabil TI, Syed Zulkifli SZ
    Public Health, 2016 08;137:182-4.
    PMID: 26976490 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.10.028
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  3. Fulltext The epidemiology of childhood brain injury in the state of Selangor and Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Tay EL, Lee SWH, Jamaluddin SF, Tam CL, Wong CP
    BMC Pediatr, 2016 04 27;16:56.
    PMID: 27122016 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-016-0590-1
    BACKGROUND: There are limited studies describing the epidemiology of childhood brain injury, especially in developing countries. This study analyses data from the Malaysian National Trauma Database (NTrD) registry to estimate the incidence of childhood brain injury among various demographic groups within the state of Selangor and Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur.

    METHODS: This study analysed all traumatic brain injury cases for children ages 0-19 included in the 2010 NTrD report.

    RESULTS: A total of 5,836 paediatric patients were admitted to emergency departments (ED) of reporting hospitals for trauma. Of these, 742 patients (12.7 %) suffered from brain injuries. Among those with brain injuries, the mortality rate was 11.9 and 71.2 % were aged between 15 and 19. Traffic accidents were the most common mode of injury (95.4 %). Out of the total for traffic accidents, 80.2 % of brain injuries were incurred in motorcycle accidents. Severity of injury was higher among males and patients who were transferred or referred to the reporting centres from other clinics. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) total score and type of admission were found to be statistically significant, χ (2) (5, N = 178) = 66.53, p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  4. Fulltext Early clearance of Chikungunya virus in children is associated with a strong innate immune response
    Simarmata D, Ng DC, Kam YW, Lee B, Sum MS, Her Z, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2016 05 16;6:26097.
    PMID: 27180811 DOI: 10.1038/srep26097
    Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) is a global infectious disease which can affect a wide range of age groups. The pathological and immunological response upon Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection have been reported over the last few years. However, the clinical profile and immune response upon CHIKV infection in children remain largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the clinical and immunological response, focusing on the cytokine/chemokine profile in a CHIKV-infected pediatric cohort from Sarawak, Malaysia. Unique immune mediators triggered upon CHIKV infection were identified through meta-analysis of the immune signatures between this pediatric group and cohorts from previous outbreaks. The data generated from this study revealed that a broad spectrum of cytokines/chemokines is up-regulated in a sub-group of virus-infected children stratified according to their viremic status during hospitalization. Furthermore, different immune mediator profiles (the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth and other factors) were observed between children and adults. This study gives an important insight to understand the immune response of CHIKV infection in children and would aid in the development of better prognostics and clinical management for children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  5. Vitamin D deficiency: A single centre analysis of patients from 136 countries
    Haq A, Svobodová J, Imran S, Stanford C, Razzaque MS
    J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 2016 11;164:209-213.
    PMID: 26877203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.02.007
    Vitamin D deficiency is a global problem, thought to be related to lack of sunlight exposure, and usually accompanied by reduced dietary intake. This study was designed to determine vitamin D status of 60,979 patients admitted to the Burjeel Hospital of VPS healthcare in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE) from October 2012 to September 2014. The total concentrations of vitamin D [25(OH)D] of all the studied patients were measured in a single laboratory. Of the studied patients, 57.5% were female and 42.5% were male. Serum 25(OH)D (total) measurements showed 82.5% of the studied patients have vitamin D deficiency to insufficiency. 26.4% of females and 18.4% of males have extreme deficiency of 25(OH)D. There was higher variability of vitamin D in group of females then males according to coefficient of variation. In our studied cohort teenagers (13-19 years) have shown the lowest levels of serum vitamin D (data not shown and will be communicated as a separate publication). The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is significantly high among population of UAE, Saudi Arabia and many Middle Eastern countries, especially among women, despite abundant sunshine. 86.1% UAE nationals and 78.9% visitors of other nationalities were found <75nmol/L of 25(OH)D. 28.4% of UAE nationals and 17.5% of visitors of other nationalities have extreme deficiency of 25(OH)D. Our results are significant, as all of our patients are residing permanently in the UAE or visitors that has yearlong sunlight. In addition, measuring 25(OH)D concentrations in a single laboratory minimized test level variations. Our current study formed the basis of further studies to determine if vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency can aggravate systemic diseases, including hypertension, diabetes or obesity that are also wide-spread in the Middle Eastern region.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  6. Epidemiology of human leptospirosis in Malaysia, 2004-2012
    Benacer D, Thong KL, Min NC, Bin Verasahib K, Galloway RL, Hartskeerl RA, et al.
    Acta Trop, 2016 May;157:162-8.
    PMID: 26844370 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.01.031
    Leptospirosis is an emerging disease, especially in countries with a tropical climate such as Malaysia. A dramatic increase in the number of cases has been reported over the last decade; however, information on the epidemiological trends of this disease is lacking. The objective of this study is to provide an epidemiological description of human leptospirosis cases over a 9-year period (2004-2012) and disease relationship with meteorological, geographical, and demographical information. A retrospective study was undertaken to describe the patterns of human leptospirosis cases and their association with intrinsic (sex, age, and ethnicity) and extrinsic (location, rainfall, and temperature) factors. Data was grouped according to age, sex, ethnicity, seasonality and geographical distribution, and analyzed using statistical tools to understand the influence of all the different factors on disease incidence. A total of 12,325 cases of leptospirosis were reported between 2004 and 2012 with an upward trend in disease incidence, with the highest in 2012. Three hundred thirty-eight deaths were reported with an overall case fatality rate of 2.74%, with higher incidence in males (9696; 78.7%) compared with female patients (2629; 21.3%), and overall male to female ratio of 3.69:1. Patients aged cohorts between 30-39 years old (16.22 per 100,000 population) had the highest disease incidence while the lowest incidence occurred between <1 to 9 years old (3.44 per 100,000 population). The average incidence was highest amongst Malays (10.97 per 100,000 population), followed by Indians (7.95 per 100,000 population). Stratification according to geographical distribution showed that the state of Malacca had the highest average disease incidence (11.12 per 100,000 population) followed by Pahang (10.08 per 100,000 population). The states of Terengganu, Kelantan, and Perak recorded similar rates of incidence (≈8.00 per 100,000 population), while Johor with the least number of reported cases (1.80 per 100,000 population). Positive relationships were recorded between the number of reported cases with the number of raining days per month and monthly average temperature (p-value<0.05). However, no significant association was noted between rainfall volume and number of reported Leptospirosis cases. This collaborative efforts between medical, academic and governmental institutions has enabled the construction of this comprehensive database that is essential to understand the disease trends in Malaysia and add insights into the prevention and control of this disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  7. Differences in Body Build in Children of Different Ethnic Groups and their Impact on the Prevalence of Stunting, Thinness, Overweight, and Obesity
    Poh BK, Wong JE, Norimah AK, Deurenberg P
    Food Nutr Bull, 2016 Mar;37(1):3-13.
    PMID: 26769039 DOI: 10.1177/0379572115626025
    The prevalence of stunting, thinness, overweight, and obesity among children differs by ethnicity. It is not known whether differences in body build across the ethnic groups influence the interpretation of nutritional parameters.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  8. Long-term patterns of safety and efficacy of bleeding prophylaxis with turoctocog alfa (NovoEight(®) ) in previously treated patients with severe haemophilia A: interim results of the guardian(™) 2 extension trial
    Ozelo M, Misgav M, Abdul Karim F, Lentz SR, Martin-Salces M, Matytsina I, et al.
    Haemophilia, 2015 Sep;21(5):e436-9.
    PMID: 26058730 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12737
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  9. Long-term effect on foot and ankle donor site following vascularized fibular graft resection in children
    Sulaiman AR, Wan Z, Awang S, Che Ahmad A, Halim AS, Ahmad Mohd Zain R
    J Pediatr Orthop B, 2015 Sep;24(5):450-5.
    PMID: 26049965 DOI: 10.1097/BPB.0000000000000197
    This study was carried out to evaluate the long-term effect on the donor side of the foot and ankle following vascularized fibular graft resection in children. Eight patients underwent resection of the fibula for the purpose of a vascularized fibular graft by a surgical team who practiced leaving at least 6 cm residual distal fibula. The age of these children at the time of surgery was between 3 and 12 years. They were reviewed between 3 and 12 years after surgery. Two patients who underwent resection of the middle shaft of the fibula at 3 and 5 years of age developed abnormal growth of the distal tibia, leading to ankle valgus. They were treated with growth modulation of the distal tibial physis and supramalleolar osteotomy with tibiofibular synostosis. Another patient who underwent the entire proximal fibula resection at the age of 6 years had developed hindfoot valgus because of weakness of the tibialis posterior muscle. He required talonavicular fusion and flexor hallucis to tibialis posterior muscle transfer. Patients operated at the age of older than 8 years neither had ankle nor hindfoot deformity. We concluded that resection of the middle shaft of the fibula for the purpose of a vascularized fibula graft, leaving a 6 cm distal fibular stump in children younger than 6 years old, may give rise to abnormal growth of the distal tibial physis, leading to valgus ankle. The entire proximal fibular resection for the similar purpose in a 6-year-old child may give rise to weakness of tibialis posterior and hindfoot valgus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  10. Pediatric craniomaxillofacial injuries after road traffic crashes: characteristics of injuries and protective equipment use
    Yunus SS, Ngeow WC, Ramli R
    Am J Emerg Med, 2015 Sep;33(9):1253-7.
    PMID: 26026365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.05.009
    A cross-sectional study to determine the pattern of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) injuries among children involved in road traffic crashes was performed. The association of protective equipment use with the CMF injuries was evaluated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  11. Fulltext Indoor air quality and respiratory health among malay preschool children in Selangor
    Rawi NA, Jalaludin J, Chua PC
    Biomed Res Int, 2015;2015:248178.
    PMID: 25984527 DOI: 10.1155/2015/248178
    Indoor air quality (IAQ) has been the object of several studies due to its adverse health effects on children. Methods. A cross-sectional comparative study was carried out among Malay children in Balakong (2 studied preschools) and Bangi (2 comparative preschools), Selangor, with the aims of determining IAQ and its association with respiratory health. 61 and 50 children aged 5-6 years were selected as studied and comparative groups. A questionnaire was used to obtain an exposure history and respiratory symptoms. Lung function test was carried out. IAQ parameters obtained include indoor concentration of particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), temperature, air velocity (AV), and relative humidity. Results. There was a significant difference between IAQ in studied and comparative preschools for all parameters measured (P < 0.001) except for CO2 and AV. Studied preschools had higher PM and CO concentration. FVC, FEV1, FVC% and FEV1% predicted values were significantly lower among studied group. Exposures to PM, VOCs, and CO were associated with wheezing. Conclusion. The finding concluded that exposures to poor IAQ might increase the risk of getting lung function abnormality and respiratory problems among study respondents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  12. Fulltext Efficacy and long-term safety of a dengue vaccine in regions of endemic disease
    Hadinegoro SR, Arredondo-García JL, Capeding MR, Deseda C, Chotpitayasunondh T, Dietze R, et al.
    N Engl J Med, 2015 Sep 24;373(13):1195-206.
    PMID: 26214039 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1506223
    BACKGROUND: A candidate tetravalent dengue vaccine is being assessed in three clinical trials involving more than 35,000 children between the ages of 2 and 16 years in Asian-Pacific and Latin American countries. We report the results of long-term follow-up interim analyses and integrated efficacy analyses.
    METHODS: We are assessing the incidence of hospitalization for virologically confirmed dengue as a surrogate safety end point during follow-up in years 3 to 6 of two phase 3 trials, CYD14 and CYD15, and a phase 2b trial, CYD23/57. We estimated vaccine efficacy using pooled data from the first 25 months of CYD14 and CYD15.
    RESULTS: Follow-up data were available for 10,165 of 10,275 participants (99%) in CYD14 and 19,898 of 20,869 participants (95%) in CYD15. Data were available for 3203 of the 4002 participants (80%) in the CYD23 trial included in CYD57. During year 3 in the CYD14, CYD15, and CYD57 trials combined, hospitalization for virologically confirmed dengue occurred in 65 of 22,177 participants in the vaccine group and 39 of 11,089 participants in the control group. Pooled relative risks of hospitalization for dengue were 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56 to 1.24) among all participants, 1.58 (95% CI, 0.83 to 3.02) among those under the age of 9 years, and 0.50 (95% CI, 0.29 to 0.86) among those 9 years of age or older. During year 3, hospitalization for severe dengue, as defined by the independent data monitoring committee criteria, occurred in 18 of 22,177 participants in the vaccine group and 6 of 11,089 participants in the control group. Pooled rates of efficacy for symptomatic dengue during the first 25 months were 60.3% (95% CI, 55.7 to 64.5) for all participants, 65.6% (95% CI, 60.7 to 69.9) for those 9 years of age or older, and 44.6% (95% CI, 31.6 to 55.0) for those younger than 9 years of age.
    CONCLUSIONS: Although the unexplained higher incidence of hospitalization for dengue in year 3 among children younger than 9 years of age needs to be carefully monitored during long-term follow-up, the risk among children 2 to 16 years of age was lower in the vaccine group than in the control group. (Funded by Sanofi Pasteur; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00842530, NCT01983553, NCT01373281, and NCT01374516.).
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  13. Fulltext Design of a study to determine the impact of insecticide resistance on malaria vector control: a multi-country investigation
    Kleinschmidt I, Mnzava AP, Kafy HT, Mbogo C, Bashir AI, Bigoga J, et al.
    Malar J, 2015 Jul 22;14:282.
    PMID: 26194648 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0782-4
    BACKGROUND: Progress in reducing the malaria disease burden through the substantial scale up of insecticide-based vector control in recent years could be reversed by the widespread emergence of insecticide resistance. The impact of insecticide resistance on the protective effectiveness of insecticide-treated nets (ITN) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) is not known. A multi-country study was undertaken in Sudan, Kenya, India, Cameroon and Benin to quantify the potential loss of epidemiological effectiveness of ITNs and IRS due to decreased susceptibility of malaria vectors to insecticides. The design of the study is described in this paper.

    METHODS: Malaria disease incidence rates by active case detection in cohorts of children, and indicators of insecticide resistance in local vectors were monitored in each of approximately 300 separate locations (clusters) with high coverage of malaria vector control over multiple malaria seasons. Phenotypic and genotypic resistance was assessed annually. In two countries, Sudan and India, clusters were randomly assigned to receive universal coverage of ITNs only, or universal coverage of ITNs combined with high coverage of IRS. Association between malaria incidence and insecticide resistance, and protective effectiveness of vector control methods and insecticide resistance were estimated, respectively.

    RESULTS: Cohorts have been set up in all five countries, and phenotypic resistance data have been collected in all clusters. In Sudan, Kenya, Cameroon and Benin data collection is due to be completed in 2015. In India data collection will be completed in 2016.

    DISCUSSION: The paper discusses challenges faced in the design and execution of the study, the analysis plan, the strengths and weaknesses, and the possible alternatives to the chosen study design.

    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  14. Fulltext Household catastrophic healthcare expenditure and impoverishment due to rotavirus gastroenteritis requiring hospitalization in Malaysia
    Loganathan T, Lee WS, Lee KF, Jit M, Ng CW
    PLoS One, 2015;10(5):e0125878.
    PMID: 25941805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125878
    While healthcare costs for rotavirus gastroenteritis requiring hospitalization may be burdensome on households in Malaysia, exploration on the distribution and catastrophic impact of these expenses on households are lacking.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  15. Fulltext Anemia among children aged 2-5 years in the Gaza Strip- Palestinian: a cross sectional study
    El Kishawi RR, Soo KL, Abed YA, Wan Muda WA
    BMC Public Health, 2015;15:319.
    PMID: 25879619 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1652-2
    Anemia is a major public health problem worldwide, with adverse consequences on child growth, development, and survival. This deficiency has affected approximately a quarter of the world population. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia and the associated factors among preschool children in the Gaza Strip.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  16. Pediatric Vaginal Yolk Sac Tumor: Reappraisal of Treatment Strategy in a Rare Tumor at a Unique Location
    Rajagopal R, Ariffin H, Krishnan S, Abdullah WA, Lin HP
    J Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 2015 Jul;37(5):391-5.
    PMID: 25929614 DOI: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000000344
    Review of the management of 6 young girls with vaginal yolk sac tumor over 25 years showed that the α-fetoprotein levels normalized in 5/6 within 4 cycles of primary cisplatin, bleomycin, etoposide (PEB)/carboplatin, etoposide, bleomycin (JEB)/cisplatin, vinblastine, bleomycin (PVB) chemotherapy. Radioimaging revealed residual tissue but viable tumor was found in only 1 of 2 biopsied. Resection/biopsy is necessary to avoid giving additional primary chemotherapy or to identify patients who need different treatment. If markers do not decay appropriately, PEB/JEB/PVB chemotherapy should not be continued. Taxol-containing salvage chemotherapy regimens, adjuvant modern radiotherapeutic treatment, and fertility-saving curative surgery should then be considered. Despite having mostly advanced disease, 5/6 patients were cured, 2 with chemotherapy alone.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  17. Bovine pericardium for dural graft: clinical results in 22 patients
    Baharuddin A, Go BT, Firdaus MN, Abdullah J
    Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 2002 Sep;104(4):342-4.
    PMID: 12140102
    Bovine pericardium has widely been used for grafts in cardiac surgery and seems to have suitable properties for use as a dural graft. We report our experience of using locally processed bovine pericardium for dural grafts in 22 patients undergoing cranial operations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  18. Fulltext Detection of apoptotic cells in Vero cell cultures inoculated with samples derived from fatal cases of Sarawak acute childhood viral infection
    AbuBakar S, Shafee N, Chee HY
    Med J Malaysia, 1998 Sep;53(3):293-5.
    PMID: 10968171
    Infectious agent(s) causing the fatal Sarawak acute childhood viral infection (SACVI) has not been identified. In the present study, results indicating that inocula prepared from the fatal cases of SACVI induced apoptosis in Vero cell cultures are presented. These findings suggest the possible involvement of apoptotic cellular responses in SACVI.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  19. The pattern of lymphoma in east Malaysian patients as experienced in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur
    Chai SP, Peh SC, Kim LH, Lim MY, Gudum HR
    Malays J Pathol, 1999 Jun;21(1):45-50.
    PMID: 10879278
    Lymphoma is a highly heterogeneous group of malignant disease. This study aimed to elucidate the pattern of lymphoma in the East Malaysian patient population. 107 cases of confirmed lymphomas from East Malaysian biopsy material were retrieved from the files of the Department of Pathology, University of Malaya, in the 3-year period between 1981 to 1983. With the use of a panel of lymphoid antibodies, the disease was sub-classified using the Rye classification for Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and the REAL classification for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). All of the cases were tested for the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus by EBER-ISH. There were 11 (10.3%) HL, 80 (74.7%) B-NHL and 16 (15%) T-NHL. The HL:NHL ratio was 1:9. The most common tumour in children was Burkitt's lymphoma 7/13 (53.8%). In the adult group, there were 72/94 (76.6%) B-NHL ¿diffuse large cell type 51 (of which 2 were CD30+), Burkitt's lymphoma 8, follicular lymphoma 5, low grade MALT 2, mantle cell type 1 and not otherwise specified due to poor morphology 5¿, 13/94 (13.8%) T-NHL and 9/94 (9.6%) HL. Of the 9 adult HL, the most common subtype was nodular sclerosis (6, 66.7%). The EBER positive rate in classical HL, T-NHL, BL and B-NHL were 33.3%, 56.3%, 60.0% and 3.1% respectively. In conclusion, the spectrum of lymphoma seen in East Malaysia was rather similar to West Malaysia except for the very low prevalence of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) in Sarawak (3.3%).
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
  20. Detection of Legionella pneumophila antigens in patients' sera using monoclonal antibodies
    Normaznah Y, Saniah K, Noor Rain A, Norazah A, Azizah MR, Sabiha P
    Malays J Pathol, 1998 Dec;20(2):95-8.
    PMID: 10879269
    Three monoclonal antibodies (McAb) were produced against soluble antigens of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 which was cultured on BCYE agar. The McAbs were all of the IgM isotype. The McAbs were used in the McAb-based ELISA for detection of circulating L. pneumophila antigens in 186 sera collected from patients with symptoms and signs suggestive of atypical pneumonia. The normal reference optical (OD) density value of each of the McAbs was determined using 44 sera collected from healthy blood donors. The antigen positivity rates for the McAbs 1C7.2B, 2B2.10F and 2B2.11E were 11.3%, 7.7% and 22.2% respectively. Antigen positivity of the McAb 2B2.10F was significantly higher in the younger age group (p < 0.05). There is no significant association between the antigen positivity with age and sex for all the McAbs. There was no cross-reaction demonstrated between the McAbs with other bacterial antigens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child, Preschool
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links