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Tissue engineering trachea: Malaysian experience

Aminuddin BS

Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:3-4.
PMID: 15468790

Management of severe tracheal anomalies remains a clinical challenge. Tissue engineering offers new hope in trachea reconstruction surgery. However to date no optimal technique achieved in the formation of human or animal trachea. The main problem lies on the biomaterial used and the complex city of forming trachea in vivo. This study was aimed at creating tissue-engineered trachea cartilage from easily accessible human and animal nasal septum cartilage using internal scaffold and biodegradable human and animal fibrin.
Fulltext Understanding trypophobia: the fear of holes

Aminuddin, I., Lotfi, H.A.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2016;25(2):0-0.
MyJurnal

The sight of clustered holes can bring about uneasiness in people, and the disgust response towards it is called trypophobia. Reactions in humans vary from nausea to severe depression. We explore the possible causes of this unique phenomenon, such as evolutionary adaptation and spectral features. We also uncover the clinical features and its relationship to other psychological conditions for example, obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Fulltext Promising Druggable Target in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Wnt Signaling

Aminuddin A, Ng PY

Front Pharmacol, 2016;7:244.
PMID: 27570510 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00244

Canonical Wnt signaling pathway, also known as Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, is a crucial mechanism for cellular maintenance and development. It regulates cell cycle progression, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Dysregulation of this pathway correlates with oncogenesis in various tissues including breast, colon, pancreatic as well as head and neck cancers. Furthermore, the canonical Wnt signaling pathway has also been described as one of the critical signaling pathways for regulation of normal stem cells as well as cancer cells with stem cell-like features, termed cancer stem cells (CSC). In this review, we will briefly describe the basic mechanisms of Wnt signaling pathway and its crucial roles in the normal regulation of cellular processes as well as in the development of cancer. Next, we will highlight the roles of canonical Wnt signaling pathway in the regulation of CSC properties namely self-renewal, differentiation, metastasis, and drug resistance abilities, particularly in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Finally, we will examine the findings of several recent studies which explore druggable targets in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway which could be valuable to improve the treatment outcome for head and neck cancer.
Tissue engineering research in developing countries, the significant and differences as compared to the developed countries

Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BH

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:47-8.
PMID: 19024977

The emergence of tissue engineering and stem cell research has created a tremendous response amongst scientist in Malaysia. However, despite the enthusiastic to embark on the research we have to carefully divert the research towards our needs. This is due to our responsibility to address the mounting problem of communicable diseases here and a very limited funding. As commercialization is a key objective the combination of products towards treating or diagnosing communicable and non-communicable diseases in the developing country is another important factor. The discussion here is mainly on the evolution of tissue engineering in Malaysia and taking a model of tissue engineering in otolaryngology.
Endothelial function and dysfunction: Impact of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors

Ugusman A, Kumar J, Aminuddin A

Pharmacol Ther, 2021 08;224:107832.
PMID: 33662450 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107832

Diabetes mellitus is associated with endothelial dysfunction that leads to cardiovascular complications. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors demonstrated efficacy in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients with positive cardiovascular outcome. Recent research revealed a link between SGLT2 inhibition and improved macro- and microvascular endothelial functions. Mechanisms underlying this phenomenon could be due to the role of SLGT2 in the regulation of endothelial physiology. In this review, current knowledge and hypothesis on the link between SGLT2 and endothelial function were critically appraised and the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on endothelial dysfunction in pre-clinical and clinical studies was discussed.
Fulltext Application of the psychological continuum model to understand customers' involvement and satisfaction in a fitness center

Jacklyn Joseph, Aminuddin Yusof, Soh, Kim Geok

Movement Health & Exercise, 2017;6(2):53-60.
MyJurnal

This research examined how customers’ perceptions of service quality
influence the degree of their involvement and psychological connection to a
sport activity at a fitness center by applying the Psychological Continuum
Model (PCM). Research instruments consisted of the PCM and
SERVQUAL and administered to customers at a fitness centre in Malaysia
(n = 248). In terms of sport involvement, the results showed most subjects
are in the level of attachment. Results showed all dimensions of service
quality have negative mean scores which mean customers are dissatisfied
will all aspects of service quality at the fitness centre. A one-way ANOVA
showed differences in satisfaction with service quality based on the PCM
level of involvement for tangible, reliability, responsiveness, and empathy
dimensions of service quality. Customers at the higher level of involvement
(allegiance) reported less dissatisfaction with the tangible, responsiveness,
empathy, and reliability dimensions of service quality compared with those
at the awareness level.
Role of Palm Oil Vitamin E in Preventing Pre-eclampsia: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial Following ISSHP Reclassification

Aminuddin NA, Sutan R, Mahdy ZA

Front Med (Lausanne), 2020;7:596405.
PMID: 33553199 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.596405

Background: Preeclampsia is a significant cause of maternal and perinatal mortality worldwide. Oxidative stress plays a key role in its pathophysiology, hence antioxidants such as tocotrienol may be preventive against preeclampsia. In 2018, the ISSHP revised the definition of preeclampsia. In accordance with the new definition, we report a secondary data analysis from a clinical trial comparing palm oil vitamin E in the form of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) against placebo, in preventing preeclampsia. Method: A randomized double-blind controlled trial was conducted in 2002-2005 to assess the benefits of TRF in preeclampsia prevention. A total of 299 primigravidae were recruited. The intervention group was supplemented with TRF 100 mg daily in super-olein capsules, whereas the placebo group was prescribed super-olein capsules without TRF, beginning from 12 to 16 gestational weeks until delivery. The primary outcome measure was incidence of preeclampsia. Results: The total incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) was 5%, whereas the incidence of preeclampsia was 2.3%. The odds of developing PIH (adjusted OR 0.254; 95% CI: 0.07-0.93; p-value 0.038) and preeclampsia (adjusted OR 0.030; 95% CI: 0.001-0.65; p-value 0.025) were significantly lower in the TRF arm compared to the placebo arm. Conclusion: Antenatal supplementation with palm oil vitamin E in the form of TRF is associated with significant reductions in the incidence of preeclampsia and PIH in a single urban tertiary hospital. Palm oil vitamin E deserves further scrutiny as a potential public health preventive measure against preeclampsia and PIH.
Fulltext Prevalence, maternal characteristics, and birth outcomes of preeclampsia: A cross-sectional study in a single tertiary healthcare center in greater Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Sutan R, Aminuddin NA, Mahdy ZA

Front Public Health, 2022;10:973271.
PMID: 36324467 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.973271

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. This study aimed to assess preeclampsia prevalence in a Malaysian referral maternity hospital and the association between preeclampsia and maternal characteristics and outcomes.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2010 and December 2020 using secondary data from a single tertiary healthcare center in Greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A total of 40,212 deliveries were included for analysis to investigate the association between conditions (maternal characteristics and adverse birth outcomes) and preeclampsia. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to assess the association between multiple independent variables and the outcome variable (preeclampsia).
RESULTS: The reported prevalence of preeclampsia was 1.6%. Pregnant women with preeclampsia had a higher risk of preterm delivery (67.7%), instrumental and cesarean delivery (74.7%), neonatal low birth weight (48.5%), neonatal 5-min Apgar score <7 (18.1%), and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission (19.8%). There were significantly higher odds of developing preeclampsia among nullipara [adjusted odd ratio (adjOR) 1.792, 95% CI: 1.518-2.115], women with a previous history of preeclampsia (adjOR 5.345, 95% CI: 2.670-10.698) and women with multiple pregnancies (adjOR 1.658, 95% CI: 1.071-2.566). However, there is a significant association between maternal characteristic variables. There was a significant association when a combination of variables for risk assessment: the presence of anemia and gestational hypertension effect on preeclampsia (OR 26.344, 95% CI: 9.775-70.993, p < 0.002) and gestational hypertension without anemia on preeclampsia (OR 3.084, 95% CI: 2.240-4.245, p < 0.001). Similarly, an association was seen between chronic hypertension and younger age (<35 years old) on preeclampsia (OR 14.490, 95% CI: 9.988-21.021, p < 0.001), and having chronic hypertension with advanced maternal age (≥35 years old) on preeclampsia (OR 5.174, 95% CI: 3.267-8.195, p < 0.001). Both conditions had increased odds of preeclampsia, in varying magnitudes. Overall, the significant interaction effects suggest that a history of chronic or gestational hypertension has a different relationship to the incidence of preeclampsia depending on the maternal age and anemia status. Pregnant women with preeclampsia had significantly higher odds for preterm delivery (adjOR 6.214, 95% CI: 5.244-7.364), instrumental and cesarean delivery (adjOR 4.320, 95% CI: 3.587-5.202), neonatal low birth weight (adjOR 7.873, 95% CI: 6.687-9.271), 5-min Apgar score <7 (adjOR 3.158, 95% CI: 2.130-4.683), and NICU admission (adjOR 8.778, 95% CI: 7.115-10.830).
CONCLUSIONS: Nulliparity, previous history of preeclampsia, and multiple pregnancies were associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia. The presence of different underlying conditions, such as chronic hypertension, anemia, and extremes of maternal age played an important role in increasing preeclampsia risk in the considered study. Larger samples are needed to validate such findings.
Development of thermal insulation sandwich panels containing end-of-life vehicle (ELV) headlamp and seat waste

Wong YC, Mahyuddin N, Aminuddin AMR

Waste Manag, 2020 Dec;118:402-415.
PMID: 32947219 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.08.036

Recycling automotive waste has increasingly become an alternative solution towards producing sustainable materials given the rising issue of raw material shortages and waste management challenges at global level. The improper end-of-life vehicle (ELV) waste management poses detrimental impacts on the environment. This paper proposes a novel method to develop thermal insulation sandwich panels using ELV waste, motivated by the critical needs of creating high-performance thermal insulation for buildings. Six sandwich panels (P1-P6) of different weight and ratio of shredded ELV particles were manufactured. The sandwich panels structure was made of three layers: a core, and a glass face sheet bonded to each side. The core structure composed of Polycarbonate (PC) from headlamp lenses and polyurethane (PU) from seat, bonded using resin casting approach. Thermal conductivity of the samples was measured using guarded hot-plate apparatus. Results corroborated that thermal conductivity of ELV-based sandwich panels reduced remarkably compared to panel without ELVs, recorded at 15.51% reduction. Composition gives the best thermal performance was made of mixed ELV core materials of ratio 50%PC:50%PU, it has a thermal conductivity value of 0.1776 W/mK. The transparency data were obtained using Haze-gard plus haze meter. The best luminous transmittance value was exhibited by P2 (100% PC), 67.47%. The best clarity value and haze value were shown by P6 (25% PC: 75% PU), 55.13% and 52.6% respectively. ELV waste can be recycled to develop useful sustainable thermal insulation to improve thermal and optical transparency performance of buildings as a substitute for conventional materials which have a relevance for future façade concepts.
Fulltext How has rural tourism influenced the sustainable development of traditional villages? A systematic literature review

Yanan L, Ismail MA, Aminuddin A

Heliyon, 2024 Feb 29;10(4):e25627.
PMID: 38384513 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25627

Rural tourism has been widely recognized as a means of promoting the revival of traditional villages and has been supported by numerous researchers. It has the potential to provide significant social and economic advantages, making it a popular strategy for rural development in both developed and developing countries. Nevertheless, a growing body of research has substantiated the significant disruptions that rural tourism has imposed on traditional villages. This study employed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) qualitative method to systematically analyze 92 papers from WOS and SCOPUS that investigate the impact of rural tourism on traditional villages. The papers were categorized into five groups: spatial, economic, sociocultural, and holistic. This categorization allowed for the identification of the purpose, theme, sub-topics, research methods, and data sources used in these papers, which in turn provided an overview of the characteristics and overall trends in research in this field. It compensates for the deficiencies of lesser reviews that just emphasize rural tourism as the primary catalyst for the sustainable development of traditional villages. Based on a thorough investigation, this paper asserts that the development of tourism in traditional villages should be differentiated from typical rural tourism sites that prioritize the preferences of tourists. The primary objective should be to prioritize the preservation of community values, with a strong emphasis on community participation. This should be done while considering the interests of various stakeholders and promoting a diverse range of livelihoods that are rooted in traditional practices. By doing so, the essence of authenticity in traditional villages can be reinforced, leading to a greater sense of connection and loyalty among tourists. The preservation of traditional village genes fosters a symbiotic relationship with rural tourism, resulting in a mutually beneficial cycle.
Fulltext The effects of exercise on vascular markers and C-reactive protein among obese children and adolescents: An evidence-based review

Salamt N, Muhajir M, Aminuddin A, Ugusman A

Bosn J Basic Med Sci, 2020 May 01;20(2):149-156.
PMID: 31509733 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2019.4345

Numerous studies have evaluated the effects of exercise training on obese children and adolescents. However, the impact of aerobic and/or resistance exercise alone, without any other interventions, on vascular markers and C-reactive protein (CRP) in obese children and adolescents is still not clear. We performed a literature search in Ovid Medline, PubMed, and SCOPUS databases to identify articles on the effects of exercise on vascular markers and CRP among obese children and adolescents, published between January 2009 and May 2019. Only full-text articles in English that reported on the effect of aerobic and/or resistance exercise on the vascular markers pulse wave velocity (PWV), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), augmentation index (AIx), or CRP in obese children and adolescents (5-19 years old) were included. The literature search identified 36 relevant articles; 9 articles that fulfilled all the inclusion criteria were selected by two independent reviewers. Aerobic exercise or a combination of aerobic and resistance exercise training significantly improved CIMT and PWV in obese children and adolescents in all studies in which they were measured (2 studies for PWV and 4 studies for CIMT). However, the effects of exercise on FMD and CRP levels were inconclusive, as only half of the studies demonstrated significant improvements (1/2 studies for FMD and 4/8 studies for CRP). The results of our review support the ability of exercise to improve vascular markers such as PWV and CIMT in obese children and adolescents. This finding is important as obesity is a modifiable risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and exercise may help in reducing the future occurrence of CVD in this population.
Fulltext A rare presentation ofcCutaneous metastases in advanced lung adenocarcinoma

Liyana Dhamirah Aminuddin, Sabrina Ab Wahab, Suhaili Shariffudin, Tarita Tai

Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2020;5(2):75-78.
MyJurnal

Patients with lung cancer may present with respiratory and systemic symptoms. However,
cutaneous metastases from primary lung cancer is a rare phenomenon, especially in women,
that signifies a poor prognosis. This paper reported a case regarding a 71-year-old woman
who was first presented with a cutaneous nodule over the year. Her condition was further
progressed to multiple lesions on the back and abdomen, dyspnoea, haemoptysis and weight
loss. The results of the skin lesion biopsy exhibited metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with
positive immunohistochemistry for thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1) and cytokeratin 7 (CK7). Computed tomography (CT) scan was conducted, and it revealed a left upper lobe lung
mass. The patient was subsequently scheduled for additional management, but she had
succumbed to complications of pulmonary embolism before the necessary interventions could
be provided. In this particular case presentation, the biopsy of cutaneous lesions obtained had
revealed an undiagnosed primary malignancy.
Fulltext Effect of epidural analgesia on labour: a retrospective comparison study

Norziah Aman, Fatimah Sham, Rashidah Bahari, Aminuddin Ahmad, Normala Salim

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(105):73-0.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Epidural analgesia is the most effective method for intra-partum pain relief and most widely applied during childbirth. Various adverse effects of epidural analgesia have been described such as lower rate of sponta- neous vaginal delivery, a higher rate of instrumental vaginal delivery and prolongation of labour, however it remains controversial. The aim of this study to determine the effect of epidural on maternal outcome. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of epidural analgesia on the mothers with epidural and non epidural parturient at Hospital Putrajaya. Methods: Retrospective cohort study was used to collect data through Total Hospital Informa- tion System (THIS) on all delivery cases in Hospital Putrajaya from 1st January to 31st December 2016. A total of 906 mothers was retrospectively investigated in a cohort of 8000 delivery; and was divided into two groups of 453 mothers with epidural analgesia and non-epidural analgesia. Data were analysed using inferential statistics. Results: The mean age in this study was 30.1±4.1 years old with body mass index (BMI) was 28.5±4.5. Univariate analysis demonstrated that epidural group have lower rate of instrumental delivery (34.4%) and caesarean section (30.5%). However, they required more oxytocin used for augmentation (66.4%). The mean duration of first stage of labour was prolong in epidural group (6.0±2.5 hours) compared with non-epidural group (4.3±1.7 hours) while the duration of second stage of labour was also prolong in epidural group (15±19 min) as compared with non-epidural (7±11 min). Conclusion: Epidural analgesia had better maternal outcomes in term of mode of delivery but had adverse effects on duration of labour and oxytocin used.
Fulltext The response of hypoxia biomarkers to hyperbaric oxygen therapy in preventing hypoxia at high altitude

Shazreen Shaharuddin, Fathinul Fikri Ahmad Saad, Aminuddin Abdul Hamid Karim

ZULFAQAR International Journal of Defence Science, Engineering & Technology, 2020;3(2):37-40.
MyJurnal

Training at high altitude for prolonged periods can cause low oxygen tension which can developed complication of hypoxia. Hypoxia is a cascade activity from a level of down regulation and function of cell’s nucleus. Early detection of biomarker and physiological changes are important in prevent the hypoxia at high altitude. Hyperbaric medicine is a new treatment that were used an oxygen therapy to treat hypoxic and inflammatory driven conditions which patients are treated with 100% oxygen at pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. The review discusses physiological changes associated with hypoxia, the response of biomarker hypoxia changes in high altitude and the role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy can play as part of the treatment for pilots and athletes training at high altitudes that suffering from disease with underlying hypoxia.
Fulltext Supplementation of TGF-Beta3 in low serum media promotes chondrogenesis of BMSCs

Hamoud, H. A., Ruszymah, I., Chua, K. H., Aminuddin, S

Medicine & Health, 2017;12(2):293-303.
MyJurnal

Kejuruteraan tisu merupakan satu bidang perubatan baru yang membolehkan tisu
manusia dibentuk secara in vitro sebelum pemindahan tisu dilakukan. Sel stem
mesenkima daripada sum sum tulang (BMSCs) adalah sumber sel yang sesuai
dalam kejuruteraan tisu tulang rawan, ekoran kebolehannya untuk membentuk
rawan hialin. Kajian ini telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji potensi BMSCs untuk
membentuk sel rawan secara in vitro dan in vivo. BMSCs dipencilkan daripada
kambing dan dibahagikan kepada dua kumpulan; iaitu kumpulan kajian dan
kumpulan kawalan. Sel di dalam kumpulan kawalan disemai di dalam medium
yang mengandungi 10% serum anak lembu (FBS). Manakala, sel di dalam kumpulan
kajian telah dikultur di dalam medium yang diperkaya dengan 1% FBS, 1% ITS, 5
ng/mL TGF-ß3, 50 ng/mL IGF-1, 40 ng/mL L-proline, 100 nM dexamethasone dan
50 μg / fosfat. Analisis pembentukan sel rawan telah dijalankan secara in vivo pada
model mencit gondol atimus. Sel didapati beragregasi di dalam kumpulan kajian
dan menunjukkan permulaannya kondrogenesis telah berlaku dalam pengkulturan
sel. Kerangka fibrin yang telah disemai bersama sel yang telah atau tidak diaruh
disediakan dan ditanamkan di dalam lapisan subkutaneus mencik gondol atimus
selama 5 minggu. Eksplan tersebut kemudiannya dikeluarkan daripada lokasi
penempelan untuk pemeriksaan histologi. Berdasarkan pewarnaan Safranin O dan
pengekspresan GAG, eksplan daripada kumpulan kajian didapati menghasilkan
matriks rawan pada kadar yang tinggi berbanding eksplan di dalam kumpulan
kawalan. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan keberkesanan medium rendah serum yang mengandungi TGF-ß3 merangsang pembezaan sel stem mesenkima daripada
sum-sum tulang untuk menjadi sel rawa
Fulltext Comparison of antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of piper betle, aloe vera, solanum lycopersicum, cinnamomum zeylanicum and cucumis sativus against acne inducing bacteria

Aiza Izyani Aminuddin, Siti Suraiya, Ruzilawati Abu Bakar

Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine, 2018;2(1):0-0.
MyJurnal

Acne vulgaris is a typical skin disorder among adolescence, causing inflammation of pilosebaceous follicle
which characterized by comedones, papules, pustules, cysts, nodules and often scars in face, neck, upper trunk
and arms. Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis have been recognized that play as a major
role in acne formation. This study was conducted to compare the antimicrobial activity of five plant extracts
namely Piper betle, Aloe vera, Solanum lycopersicum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Cucumis sativus against P.
acnes and S. epidermidis. The well diffusion assay was used to determine the sensitivity of the samples, while
the liquid dilution method was used for the determination of the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC). The
result showed a remarkable antibacterial activity of Piper betle extract compared to other plant extracts and
Doxycycline (positive control) against both of acne-inducing bacteria, P. acnes and S. epidermidis.
Association between pulse wave velocity with other vascular markers and inflammation among young adults: an evidence-based review

Norizam Salamt, Amilia Aminuddin, Azizah Ugusman, Aini Farzana Zulkefli

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:2455-2461.

Studies evaluating the association between pulse wave velocity (PWV), a gold standard measurement of aortic stiffness
and established markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with other established vascular markers or inflammation
among young adult is still scarce. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify relevant studies on the
association between PWV with other vascular markers or inflammation. Relevant articles from Ovid Medline, Science
Direct and Scopus databases were explored between 2009 and March 2018. Original articles published in English
measuring any correlation between carotid-femoral PWV (PWVcf) with either augmentation index (AIx), carotid intima
media thickness (CIMT) or C-reactive protein (CRP) on young adult with age range between 18 and 45 years old were
included. The literature search identified 21 potential articles to be reviewed, which meet all the inclusion criteria.
Four articles investigated the correlation between PWVcf with CRP, however only two studies gave significant but weak
correlations. As for CIMT, a single relevant article was found and the correlation was not significant. In conclusion, lack
of association between PWV and other vascular markers and inflammation may suggest that these vascular markers have
their own property in assessing vascular status. Thus, these markers should be measured independently for comprehensive
assessment of future CVD risk.
Piper sarmentosum as an antioxidant: a systematic review

Siti Marjiana Ismail, Chua KH, Amilia Aminuddin, Azizah Ugusman

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:2359-2368.

Piper sarmentosum (PS) is an herb with various medicinal properties. The antioxidant activity of PS contributes to many
of its pharmacological effects such as anti-hypertension, anti-cancer and anti-diabetes. This systematic review provides
information regarding the antioxidant activity of PS. The review was conducted systematically to identify relevant published
articles on the antioxidant activity of PS. The collected data was based on the searched articles through PubMed, Science
Direct and Scopus databases between the years 1946 until March 2018. Only articles written in English and related
to antioxidant activity of PS were included in this review. Based on the literature searched, 130 potential articles were
identified and 19 articles met the inclusion criteria. Ten studies related to chemical assays, five studies combined in vivo
animal and chemical assays, three studies combined chemical assays and in vitro studies and a single study combined
chemical assay, in vitro and in vivo studies were included in this review. All studies showed positive effects of PS against
oxidation, indicating the potential of PS as a source of natural antioxidant.
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition and reepithelialisation in wound healing: a review of comparison

Abid Nordin, Shiplu Roy Chowdhury, Ruszymah Idrus, Aminuddin Saim

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:2463-2471.

Skin wound healing is a complex physiological event, involving many cellular and molecular components. The event of
wound healing is the coordinated overlap of a number of distinct phases, namely haemostasis, inflammatory, proliferative
and remodelling. The molecular events surrounding wound healing, particularly the reepithelialisation, has been reported
to be similar to the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this review, the mechanism between epithelialisation
and EMT were compared. Both are characterised by the loss of epithelial integrity and increased motility. In terms of
the signalling kinases, Smad and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) has been reported to be involved in both
reepithelialisation and EMT. At the transcriptional level, SLUG transcription factor has been reported to be important for
both reepithelialisation and EMT. Extracellular matrix proteins that have been associated with both events are collagen
and laminin. Lastly, both events required the interplay between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and its inhibitor. As a
conclusion, both reepithelialisation and EMT shares similar signaling cascade and transcriptional regulation to exhibit
decreased epithelial traits and increased motility in keratinocytes.
Resources improvement in emergency department using simulation and data envelopment analysis

Wan Malissa Wan Mohd Aminuddin, Wan Rosmanira Ismail, Husyairi Harunarashid

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:2231-2240.

Jabatan Kecemasan Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM) menerima kedatangan pesakit yang
ramai pada setiap hari menyebabkan jabatan ini kerap berdepan dengan masalah kesesakan. Justeru, objektif kajian ini
adalah mengenal pasti model pengoptimuman terbaik untuk menambahbaik sumber bagi meningkatkan tahap kecekapan
Jabatan Kecemasan PPUKM dan menyelesaikan masalah kesesakan jabatan. Kaedah simulasi digunakan bagi membina
model jabatan kecemasan dengan pemboleh ubah yang digunakan dalam pemodelan simulasi ini adalah dikhususkan
berdasarkan zon atau ruang rawatan. Alternatif penambahbaikan yang dicadangkan ini mengandungi konfigurasi bilangan
sumber jabatan yang baru. Enam model gabungan yang digunakan terdiri daripada Model CCR dan Set Rujukan, Model
BCC dan Set Rujukan, Model CCR dan Kecekapan-Super, Model BCC dan Kecekapan-Super, Model Bi-Objektif MCDEACCR dan Kecekapan Silang dan Model Bi-Objektif MCDEA-BCC dan Kecekapan Silang. Model Bi-Objektif MCDEA-BCC
merupakan lanjutan kepada Model Bi-Objektif MCDEA-CCR daripada kajian terdahulu. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan
Model Bi-Objektif MCDEA-BCC yang dibina telah memberikan bilangan alternatif penambahbaikan cekap yang paling
kecil berbanding model-model gabungan lain. Melalui model gabungan ini juga satu alternatif penambahbaikan yang
optimum yang telah dicadangkan dapat mengurangkan masa menunggu pesakit di Zon Hijau sebanyak 51% manakala
peratusan penggunaan tenaga kerja sumber berjaya ditambahbaik agar lebih munasabah. Alternatif ini memerlukan
susun atur kembali kedudukan sumber tanpa melakukan perubahan yang besar ke atas sistem asal.

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