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Fulltext Acute haemorrhagic oedema of infancy with bullae and koebnerisation

Mohd Sazlly Lim S, Shamsudin N

Malays Fam Physician, 2014;9(2):55-7.
PMID: 25883766 MyJurnal

A 5-month-old Malay boy presented with purpuric papules and plaques on the face and extremities accompanied by fever, coryzal symptoms and bilateral lower limb oedema. There were also bullous linear purpuric lesions on the right upper limb. Blood and culture tests were normal. Histopathological tests showed leucocytoclastic vasculitis, confirming the diagnosis of acute haemorrhagic oedema of infancy. The patient achieved complete recovery after 2 weeks with no recurrence.
Optimization of supercritical methanol reactive extraction by response surface methodology and product characterization from Jatropha curcas L. seeds

Lim S, Lee KT

Bioresour Technol, 2013 Aug;142:121-30.
PMID: 23735793 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.010

In this study, optimization of supercritical reactive extraction directly from Jatropha seeds in a high pressure batch reactor using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) coupled with Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) was performed. Four primary variables (methanol to solid ratio (SSR), reaction temperature, time and CO2 initial pressure) were investigated under the proposed constraints. It was found that all variables had significant effects towards fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) yield. Moreover, three interaction effects between the variables also played a major role in influencing the final FAME yield. Optimum FAME yield at 92.0 wt.% was achieved under the following conditions: 5.9 SSR, 300°C, 12.3 min and 20 bar CO2. Final FAME product was discovered to fulfil existing international standard. Preliminary characterization analysis proved that the solid residue can be burnt as solid fuel in the form of biochar while the liquid product can be separated as specialty chemicals or burned as bio-oil for energy production.
Fulltext Drying effect on the properties of traditionally processed sago starch

Mustafa Kamal, M., Baini, R., Lim, S. F., Rahman, M. R., Mohamaddan, S., Hussain, H.

International Food Research Journal, 2019;26(6):1861-1869.
MyJurnal

Local people in Sarawak, Malaysia produce sago starch, commonly referred as lemantak, using traditional method for authentic meals and delicacies. The quality of lemantak degrades with time due to its high moisture content limiting the potential for a wider market, and hence affecting the socio-economy of those whose livelihood depends on sago starch production. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the changes in the properties of traditionally processed dried Sarawak sago starch. In order to achieve this, sago starch was extracted using a well-established traditional process and was dried at 40°C to produce sago starch with moisture contents of 40%, 30%, 20% and 10% wet basis. The effect of moisture content on the physical properties was studied through colour analysis, microscopic analysis, and particle size distribution. Analysis on resistant starch content was also performed. Changes on the hydration and functional properties was monitored by measuring the water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), swelling capacity (SC), and gelatinisation behaviour. Lastly, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was applied to observe the changes in amorphous and crystalline areas. The physical properties analysis showed changes in starch colour and granule surface; but the change on granule size varied. Dried starch with lower moisture content exhibited higher resistant starch, absorption index, and peak temperature, but lower solubility index, swelling capacity, peak viscosity, crystalline index, and amorphous index. It is suggested that moisture content affected the changes in traditionally processed sago starch properties which was influenced by few components namely polyphenol, lipid, amylose-lipid complex, and inter-molecular hydrogen bond.
Fulltext Haemostatic parameters, platelet activation markers, and platelet indices among regular plateletpheresis donors

Tuan HTM, Hock LS, Abdullah ZW

J Taibah Univ Med Sci, 2018 Apr;13(2):180-187.
PMID: 31435321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2017.10.006

OBJECTIVE: Plateletpheresis is generally a safe procedure for platelet donation. Studies on the effects of haemostatic parameters and possible association between automated plateletpheresis and hypercoagulable state are limited. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effects of plateletpheresis on regular donors using haemostatic parameters, i.e. natural anticoagulant proteins, platelet indices, and platelet activation markers.
METHODS: A total of 139 participants (plateletpheresis donors and normal controls) were recruited and divided into two groups: Group 1 participants who underwent tests for haemostatic and platelet indices and Group 2 participants who underwent tests for platelet activation markers using CD62P and PAC-1 monoclonal antibodies.
RESULTS: A significant mild shortening of prothrombin time and platelet activation were demonstrated (by increased CD62P and PAC-1 markers) among regular plateletpheresis donors as compared to healthy controls. The current pre-donation platelet count of plateletpheresis donors was significantly lower than their mean baseline platelet count obtained before their first plateletpheresis procedure. However, no significant differences were observed for the other platelet parameters (platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, activated partial thromboplastin time, protein C, protein S, antithrombin, and von Willebrand Factor antigen) between plateletpheresis donors and healthy controls.
CONCLUSION: This study concludes that regular plateletpheresis is a safe procedure. A possibility of mild platelet activation among regular donors requires further confirmation. However, pre-analytical platelet and FVII activations could occur in vitro contributing to these findings.
Self-similar Gaussian processes for modeling anomalous diffusion

Lim SC, Muniandy SV

Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys, 2002 Aug;66(2 Pt 1):021114.
PMID: 12241157

We study some Gaussian models for anomalous diffusion, which include the time-rescaled Brownian motion, two types of fractional Brownian motion, and models associated with fractional Brownian motion based on the generalized Langevin equation. Gaussian processes associated with these models satisfy the anomalous diffusion relation which requires the mean-square displacement to vary with t(alpha), 0
Fulltext Cannulation of internal jugular vein in neutral head position

Lew YS, Lim SK

Med J Malaysia, 1998 Sep;53(3):227-31.
PMID: 10968158

An approach to cannulate right internal jugular vein in neutral head position is described for situations where head rotation and extension are contraindicated. Venous puncture was made immediately lateral to the carotid artery at the level of cricoid cartilage and directed caudad. In 40 patients studied, the right internal jugular vein of 97.5% of the patients were successfully located by the finder needle. The mean (SE) number of puncture attempts to locate the vein was 1.3 (0.1) per patient. In 72.5% (29 patients), the veins were located exactly at the predicted point after the first attempt. However the overall success rate for cannulation by the angiocath cannula was 87.5% and short term complication rate was 5.0%. We conclude this technique is a reliable, safe alternative for central venous access, especially in patients where cervical spine movement is contraindicated or restricted.
Modeling of locally self-similar processes using multifractional Brownian motion of Riemann-Liouville type

Muniandy SV, Lim SC

Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys, 2001 Apr;63(4 Pt 2):046104.
PMID: 11308909

Fractional Brownian motion (FBM) is widely used in the modeling of phenomena with power spectral density of power-law type. However, FBM has its limitation since it can only describe phenomena with monofractal structure or a uniform degree of irregularity characterized by the constant Holder exponent. For more realistic modeling, it is necessary to take into consideration the local variation of irregularity, with the Holder exponent allowed to vary with time (or space). One way to achieve such a generalization is to extend the standard FBM to multifractional Brownian motion (MBM) indexed by a Holder exponent that is a function of time. This paper proposes an alternative generalization to MBM based on the FBM defined by the Riemann-Liouville type of fractional integral. The local properties of the Riemann-Liouville MBM (RLMBM) are studied and they are found to be similar to that of the standard MBM. A numerical scheme to simulate the locally self-similar sample paths of the RLMBM for various types of time-varying Holder exponents is given. The local scaling exponents are estimated based on the local growth of the variance and the wavelet scalogram methods. Finally, an example of the possible applications of RLMBM in the modeling of multifractal time series is illustrated.
Fulltext Paediatric day care anaesthesia--our first two years experience at the Paediatric Institute, Hospital Kuala Lumpur

Lim SK, Lew YS

Med J Malaysia, 1997 Jun;52(2):151-4.
PMID: 10968073

The first two years anaesthetic experience of paediatric day care surgery is reviewed. Four hundred and three patients underwent 447 general surgical procedures. The mean age of the patients was 5.4 years with the youngest being 5 months old. The commonest procedures performed were herniotomy, circumcision, correction of hydrocoele and orchidopexy. The overall postoperative admission rare was 2.5%. No major complications were seen. Anaesthesia for paediatric day care surgery is safe provided patients are carefully selected and evaluated, appropriate anaesthetic management instituted and proper discharge criteria adhered to.
Type IV laryngotracheo-oesophageal cleft--management of a difficult airway

Lim SK, Fadhilah T, Ibtisan I

Paediatr Anaesth, 1998;8(4):337-40.
PMID: 9672933

Congenital laryngotracheo-oesophageal cleft is a rare anomaly which presents a challenge to the anaesthetists because of the potential problems of establishing and maintaining an airway. We report the anaesthetic management of a one-month old baby with complete or type IV laryngotracheo-oesophageal presenting for the repair of the defect. The management of the precarious airway is presented and the various techniques of managing the airway are reviewed.
Fulltext Glucose: a reevaluation of its intraoperative use in paediatric surgery

Lim SK, Loh SP

Med J Malaysia, 1997 Mar;52(1):64-9.
PMID: 10968055

Blood glucose concentration was measured in 100 children immediately before and during surgery. These children were randomly assigned to receive either lactated Ringer's (LR) solution or 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's (5%D/LR) intraoperatively as maintenance and replacement fluids. Blood samples were taken immediately after induction of anaesthesia and at 1/2, 1, 1.5, 2 and subsequent hours. Blood glucose concentration was assayed by a reflectance meter. None of the patients was noted to be hypoglycaemic pre- and intraoperatively. Intraoperative blood glucose concentration increased significantly (p < 0.05) from preoperative levels for both groups of children but the increase in those that received 5%D/LR was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than those who received LR. The number of children who were hyperglycaemic during surgery was also greater in those who received 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's as their intraoperative fluid. These data suggest that lactated Ringer's alone is a safe and appropriate fluid for intraoperative fluid therapy in children.
Fulltext The use of single dose of sodium citrate as a prophylaxis against acid aspiration syndrome in obstetric patients undergoing caesarean section

Lim SK, Elegbe EO

Med J Malaysia, 1991 Dec;46(4):349-55.
PMID: 1840444

The effectiveness of sodium citrate as a prophylaxis against acid aspiration syndrome was studied in 3 groups of obstetric patients. Group I was the control group which consisted of 20 patients in established labour who were not likely to require caesarean section. No antacid had been given to these patients. Group II consisted of 20 patients who underwent elective caesarean section, while Group III consisted of another 20 patients who underwent emergency caesarean section. Group II and III were given 30ml of 0.3M sodium citrate as soon as they arrived in the operation theatre. The gastric content was aspirated after the induction of anaesthesia and at the end of surgery just before extubation. The volume was measured and a sample sent for pH analysis. Sodium citrate was found to increase the gastric pH significantly in both Group II and III patients when compared with Group I patients who underwent emergency caesarean section. We conclude that 30ml of 0.3M sodium citrate is effective in increasing gastric pH though it tends to be associated with an increase in gastric volume.
Objective assessment of nasal resistance among electronic cigarette users

Lim SW, Zulkiflee AB

J Laryngol Otol, 2021 Jul;135(7):616-619.
PMID: 34078481 DOI: 10.1017/S0022215121001432

BACKGROUND: Electronic cigarettes have been a popular alternative to tobacco smoking. The effect of tobacco smoking on nasal airway resistance has been investigated before; however, the effect of the aerosol generated by electronic cigarettes is still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of e-cigarettes on nasal airway resistance.
METHODS: Sixty-one participants were recruited into a vapers group and a control group. The vapers group was instructed to smoke for 5 minutes, and their nasal resistance was measured pre-procedure and at 1 and 5 minutes post-procedure. The results were compared between both groups.
RESULTS: Repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated that vaping has no statistically significant effect on total nasal airway resistance.
CONCLUSION: Although the differences between both groups were not statistically significant overall, the vapers group showed a reduction in nasal airway resistance in the short term.
Fulltext Diversity and killer activity of yeasts in Malaysian fermented food samples

Lim SL, Tay ST

Trop Biomed, 2011 Aug;28(2):438-43.
PMID: 22041766

The biodiversity and the killer activity of yeasts isolated from various types of fermented food in Malaysia were investigated in this study. Of 252 yeasts isolated from 48 fermented food samples in this study, 19 yeast species were identified based on sequence analysis of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 partial fragments of the yeasts. A total of 29 (11.5%) of the yeast isolates demonstrated killer activity to at least one Candida species tested in this study; including 22 isolates of Trichosporon asahii, 4 isolates of Pichia anomala, and one isolate each of Pichia norvegensis, Pichia fermentans and Issatchenkia orientalis, respectively. The presence of killer yeasts reflects antagonism that occurs during microbial interaction in the fermented food, whereby certain yeasts produce killer toxins and possibly other toxic substances in competition for limited nutrients and space. The anti-Candida activity demonstrated by killer yeasts in this study should be further explored for development of alternative therapy against candidiasis.
Effects of juvenile hormone analogs on new reproductives and colony growth of Pharaoh ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Lim SP, Lee CY

J Econ Entomol, 2005 Dec;98(6):2169-75.
PMID: 16539147

Two juvenile hormone analogs (JHAs), pyriproxyfen and S-methoprene, were impregnated into dried tuna fish and fed to colonies of Monomorium pharaonis (L.) at very low concentrations (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 microg/ml). Its effects on the production of sexuals and colonial growth were observed. Colonies treated with pyriproxyfen yielded sexuals with physical abnormalities. Both female and male sexuals developed bulbous wings, decreased melanization, and died shortly after emergence. Sexuals emerged from colonies treated with S-methoprene did not possess anomalous characteristics. Both pyriproxyfen and S-methoprene did not have significant effects on colonial growth because of the low concentrations of the baits. A commercial bait containing 0.3% S-methoprene (Bioprene-BM) also was evaluated for its efficacy on Pharaoh's ant colonies. Results showed that Pharaoh's ant colonies succumbed to the lethal effects of S-methoprene. Colony members were reduced significantly. Production of queens also decreased significantly in treated colonies and treated queens were unable to lay eggs. JHAs are slow acting and eliminate ant colonies at a relatively slow rate. At low concentrations, pyriproxyfen recorded baffling results, i.e., bulbous wings and demelanized exoskeleton, and it is vital that further studies are initiated to solidify these findings.
Fulltext Ranitidine and sodium citrate as prophylaxis against acid aspiration syndrome in obstetric patients undergoing caesarean section

Lim SK, Elegbe EO

Singapore Med J, 1992 Dec;33(6):608-10.
PMID: 1488672

The efficacy of a single oral dose of 0.3M of sodium citrate alone as a prophylaxis against acid aspiration syndrome in obstetric patients undergoing LSCS (elective and emergency) was compared with that of intravenous ranitidine. One group of patients was given 30 ml of 0.3M sodium citrate orally just before the induction of anaesthesia while the other group was given 50mg of ranitidine intravenously together with the 30ml of 0.3M sodium citrate. This was done for both the elective and the emergency groups of patients. There was no significant difference in the mean pH of the gastric aspirate obtained from those given sodium citrate alone and those given sodium citrate and ranitidine in either the elective or the emergency group. However, in the emergency group, those who were given sodium citrate alone tend to have a larger volume of gastric aspiration when compared with those given ranitidine together with the sodium citrate. There were significantly more patients with gastric aspirates of more than 25ml in the emergency group to which sodium citrate alone was given. It would appear that supplementing an intravenous dose of ranitidine with the oral dose of sodium citrate is useful in emergency LSCS as a prophylaxis against acid aspiration syndrome.
Effects of Methanol Extract of Wedelia chinensis Osbeck (Asteraceae) Leaves against Pathogenic Bacteria with Emphasise on Bacillus cereus

Darah I, Lim SH, Nithianantham K

Indian J Pharm Sci, 2013 Sep;75(5):533-9.
PMID: 24403653

The antibacterial activity of the methanol extract of Wedelia chinensis leave was studied and tested against three pathogenic Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis and Stapylococcus aureus) and three pathogenic Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Proteus rettgeri and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) by the disk diffusion assay and broth dilution methods. The extract exhibited favourable antibacterial activity against the bacterial cells but was more potent against Gram positive bacteria with the minimum inhibition concentration of 3.12 to 6.25 mg/ml compared to the Gram negative bacteria which had minimum inhibition concentration values of 25 mg/ml. The time-kill study suggested that the extract possessed bactericidal properties at higher concentrations and eradicated the growth of bacterial cells. The major abnormalities occurred to the bacterial cells after exposed to the extract were complete alterations in their morphology and collapsed of the cells beyond repair. The methanol extract of W. chinensis may be an effective antibacterial agent to treat bacterial infections.
Sustaining the environment through recycling: an empirical study

Ramayah T, Lee JW, Lim S

J Environ Manage, 2012 Jul 15;102:141-7.
PMID: 22446140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.02.025

This paper examines the determinants of recycling behaviour among 200 university students from the perspective of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Data was analysed using Structural Equation Modelling technique. Findings indicate that environmental awareness was significantly related to attitude towards recycling, whilst attitude and social norms had significant impact on recycling behaviour. However, convenience and cost of recycling were not significant reasons for recycling. The study has enhanced the understanding of the determinants of recycling behaviour and has implications for schools and governmental agencies in educating and encouraging positive recycling behaviour. It also confirms the appropriateness of the TPB in examining studies of this nature. Further suggestions for future research are offered.
Fulltext Outcome of calcaneoplasty in insertional achilles tendinopathy

Lim S, Yeap E, Lim Y, Yazid M

Malays Orthop J, 2012 Jun;6(SupplA):28-34.
PMID: 25279071 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1211.007

BACKGROUND:
Research is an essential activity required for the advancement of science and improvement of human existence. To carry out a research, a proposal is mandatory. However, in spite of the widespread demand for research proposals, experience has shown that a number of them are so poorly written that they rejected by assessors. This article aims at assisting researchers develop acceptable research proposals by reviewing the different components of a research proposal.
METHOD:
A review of relevant literature on research proposal writing sourced from manual library and internet search was used for this review
RESULT:
A research proposal is a formal and detailed statement of intent to carry out a research. It presents and justifies a plan of action and shows how the investigator thinks. A research protocol on the other hand is a plan written to seek approval for research from a supervisor or an organization. It is developed as a guide for a study and helps to keep the researcher focused on the topic and scope of the research. A research proposal has the following components: The Title page; The Abstract/Executive Summary; The Introduction/Statement of the Problem; Literature Review; Information on the applicant's centre; The Objectives/Research Questions/Hypotheses; The Study Design; Methods; Plans for Analysis; Data Analysis; Plans for Data Interpretation; Plans to report. Thus, although proposals and protocols are sometimes used interchangeably, a proposal precedes a protocol.
CONCLUSION:
To reduce the time wastage and frustration faced by intending researchers and their assessors it is essential that good proposals be written at all times.
Influence of agitation speed on tannase production and morphology of Aspergillus niger FETL FT3 in submerged fermentation

Darah I, Sumathi G, Jain K, Lim SH

Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2011 Dec;165(7-8):1682-90.
PMID: 21947762 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9387-8

Agitation speed was found to influence the tannase production and fungal growth of Aspergillus niger FETL FT3. The optimal agitation speed was at 200 rpm which produced 1.41 U/ml tannase and 3.75 g/l of fungal growth. Lower or higher agitation speeds than 200 rpm produced lower enzyme production and fungal growth. Based on the SEM and TEM micrograph observation, there was a significant correlation between agitation speed and the morphology of the fungal mycelia. The results revealed an increase of the enzyme production with the change of the fungal growth morphology from filamentous to pelleted growth forms. However, the exposure to higher shear stress with an increasing agitation speed of the shaker also resulted in lower biomass yields as well as enzyme production.
Tannase enzyme production by entrapped cells of Aspergillus niger FETL FT3 in submerged culture system

Darah I, Sumathi G, Jain K, Lim SH

Bioprocess Biosyst Eng, 2011 Sep;34(7):795-801.
PMID: 21347668 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-011-0529-8

The ability of immobilized cell cultures of Aspergillus niger FETL FT3 to produce extracellular tannase was investigated. The production of enzyme was increased by entrapping the fungus in scouring mesh cubes compared to free cells. Using optimized parameters of six scouring mesh cubes and inoculum size of 1 × 10(6) spores/mL, the tannase production of 3.98 U/mL was obtained from the immobilized cells compared to free cells (2.81 U/mL). It was about 41.64% increment. The immobilized cultures exhibited significant tannase production stability of two repeated runs.

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