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Fulltext Pembentukan dan penilaian bahan pendidikan bercetak bertajuk “Panduan penyusuan susu ibu: Fakta Vs Mitos”

Sameeha Mohd Jamil, Ngew, Chi Yee

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2013;11(1):55-61.
MyJurnal

Kepercayaan ibu terhadap mitos atau tanggapan salah tentang penyusuan susu ibu didapati mempengaruhi penerimaan mereka untuk menyusui bayi mereka secara eksklusif. Justeru itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk membentuk satu bahan pendidikan dalam bentuk risalah yang bertajuk “Panduan penyusuan susu ibu: Fakta vs mitos”. Kajian ini melibatkan tiga fasa; fasa I ialah tinjauan dan penilaian keperluan penyusuan susu ibu; fasa II ialah pembentukan bahan pendidikan bercetak dan fasa III ialah evaluasi proses bahan pendidikan bahan bercetak terhadap 41 orang ibu mengandung yang berbangsa Melayu. Seramai 41 orang subjek terlibat dalam fasa III melalui pengiraan saiz sampel kajian dengan program G*Power digunakan dan power kajian ialah 0.8. Dalam fasa III, borang soal selidik pengetahuan pra ujian telah diberikan kepada subjek untuk menilai tahap pengetahuan mereka mengenai penyusuan susu ibu dan borang tersebut dikumpulkan dengan serta-merta selepas dilengkapi. Subjek tersebut diberi masa seminggu untuk membaca dan memahami risalah yang disediakan dan seterusnya menjawab borang soal selidik pengetahuan pos ujian beserta dengan borang penilaian risalah. Dalam fasa III, kajian mendapati kesemua subjek (100.0%) memahami isi kandungan risalah. Manakala 95.1% (n = 39) subjek berpendapat gambar adalah penting untuk menjadikan bahan pendidikan bercetak lebih menarik dan sebanyak 75.6% (n = 31) subjek menyatakan bahawa gambar yang disertakan dalam risalah yang diberi adalah menarik. Majoriti subjek (97.0%) mempunyai keinginan untuk menyusui bayi mereka secara eksklusif selepas membaca risalah yang diberi. Didapati bahawa min peratus skor pengetahuan subjek kajian meningkat secara signifikan (p < 0.001) daripada 83.1 ± 13.1% semasa pra ujian kepada 94.3 ± 6.7% semasa pos ujian dengan t=5.58 dan saiz kesan yang besar, d = 1.13. Secara kesimpulannya, keputusan menunjukkan bahan pendidikan bercetak yang telah dibentuk mendapat respon penilaian positif dan berkesan dalam meningkatkan tahap pengetahuan ibu mengandung mengenai penyusuan susu ibu. Sehubungan dengan ini, risalah yang dibentuk boleh digunakan sebagai alat pengajaran semasa mendidik ibu mengandung mengenai penyusuan susu ibu.
Investigation of linearity between mechanical properties of wood using graphical method

Mohd Jamil Abdul Wahab, Mohd Zamin Jumaat

Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:211-218.

Some basic requirements are set for small clear specimen data to incorporate Malaysian timbers into equivalent European timber strength classes. In general, the correlation between structural and small clear specimen test results must be established for every timber group regardless of origin. This paper introduces a sort-plot technique for analysing the correlation of some mechanical properties of timber in selecting appropriate parametric model. Bending test was conducted on mixed species hardwoods for the determination of strength and stiffness values of both structural and small size specimens. The results showed that the sort-plot diagrams demonstrate an obvious linearity pattern between timber properties despite having poor regression values. The technique verified that properties of timber in structural and small size specimens correlated linearly.
Cutting: rare in Kelantan (Malaysia)

Pridmore S, Yaacob MJ

Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 2008 Oct;42(10):909.
PMID: 18788133
Fulltext Parent-adolescent relationships and its association to adolescents' self-esteem

Yaacob MJ

Malays J Med Sci, 2006 Jan;13(1):21-4.
PMID: 22589586

Psychoanalysts believed that early mother-child relationships form the prototype of all future relationships and the outcome of adolescents development depends on their ego-strength. Object relations theory believed that intrapsychic process mediates interpersonal interaction to develop a sense of secure self and adolescents must relinquish the internalized other in order to develop a more mature sense of self. Social-relation theory believed that mothers and fathers provide different socialization experiences. Self-esteem depends on the functioning of the whole family in which adolescent is intimately related to the dyadic relationship in a family. There is an association between interparental conflict and adolescent's self-esteem and problem behaviour.
Fulltext Simulation of COVID-19 outbreaks via Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Mohd Jamil N, Rosli N, Muhammad N

J Public Health Res, 2021 Sep 24;11(1).
PMID: 34558879 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2130

BACKGROUND: This research aimed to model the outbreak of COVID-19 in Malaysia and develop a GUI-based model.
DESIGN AND METHODS: The model is an improvement of the susceptible, infected, recovery, and death (SIRD) compartmental model. The epidemiological parameters of the infection, recovery, and death rates were formulated as time dependent piecewise functions by incorporating the control measures of lockdown, social distancing, quarantine, lockdown lifting time and the percentage of people who abide by the rules. An improved SIRD model was solved via the 4th order Runge-Kutta (RK4) method and 14 unknown parameters were estimated by using Nelder-Mead algorithm and pattern-search technique. The publicly available data for COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia was used to validate the performance of the model. The GUI-based SIRD model was developed to simulate the number of active cases of COVID-19 over time by considering movement control order (MCO) lifted date and the percentage of people who abide the rules.
RESULTS: The simulator showed that the improved SIRD model adequately fitted Malaysia COVID-19 data indicated by low values of root mean square error (RMSE) as compared to other existing models. The higher the percentage of people following the SOP, the lower the spread of disease. Another key point is that the later the lifting time after the lockdown, the lower the spread of disease.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the importance of the society to obey the intervention measures in preventing the spread of the COVID-19 disease.
Fulltext Effectiveness of group cognitive behaviour therapy augmentation in reducing negative cognitions in the treatment of depression in Malaysia

Firdaus Mukhtar, Tian, PS Oei, Mohd Jamil Mohd Yaacob

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2011;12(1):0-0.
MyJurnal

Objective: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) for depression is popular in Western countries. In the context of Malaysia, CBT has been applied as an individual session in a clinical setting. However, there is limited research in the area of group CBT for depression among Malays. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (GCBT) in reducing the negative cognitions that are related to depression in a group of Malay patients. Methods: One hundred and thirteen patients, diagnosed with depression, were randomly allocated to either a Treatment As Usual (TAU)
group (n = 55), or a TAU plus GCBT group (n = 58). All participants completed two questionnaires that measured maladaptive cognitions at pretreatment, midway through treatment, post-treatment (week 4), and at followups after three (week 16) and six months (week 28). Results: The TAU+GCBT patients improved significantly more, and at a faster rate, than the TAU group; which showed minimal improvement. The effect size (Cohen’s d) of the treatment group was 0.93 and 96.55% of the treatment group achieved a clinically significant change. Conclusions: The findings suggest that GCBT, when used in addition to the TAU, is effective in reducing negative thoughts and maladaptive attitudes of Malaysian patients suffering from depression.
Fulltext Depression and coping strategies among sexually abused children in a Malay community in Malaysia

Rosliwati Md Yusof, Mohd Jamil Yaacob, Zaharah Sulaiman, Rohayah Husain

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2009;10(2):169-180.
MyJurnal

Objective: The fact that childhood sexual abuse is associated with depression is well-known. To date, there is no proper study done on screening for depression and coping strategies among sexually abused children in Malaysia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and examine the association of depression with the socio-demographics and
coping strategies used by sexually abused children. Methods: Sixty-five sexually abused children who attended the One Stop Crisis Centre (OSCC) services at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia and fulfilled the study criteria were screened for depression using a validated Malay version of Children Depression Inventory (CDI).Depression was determined by a positive score of the Malay-CDI with depression being indicated in scores of more than 18.
Results: In the study sample, 16 (24.6 %) participants had been depressed and 49 (75.4 %) participants had not been depressed. Having a confidante was a protective factor against depression. Short duration of time between the abuse incident and the clinical interview was significantly associated with depression. With respect to coping strategies, 59 (90.8 %) used emotionfocused strategies and 6 (9.2 %) used problem or task-focused strategies. Among emotion-focused coping strategies, participants did the following: deciding that nothing could be done to change things, were in denial, and suppressed their feelings. Conclusion: Twenty five percent of the sample suffered from depression. The screening of depression in the vulnerable group such as sexually abused children is important, particularly for early
detection and treatment. By recognizing the coping strategies used in sexually abused children, the clinician could understand them better and plan for their psychological management.
Fulltext The effectiveness of paliperidone for adolescents with atypical presentation of bipolar disorder in manic phase: a case report

Norzila Zakaria, Mohd Jamil Yaacob, Hans, Van Rostenberghe

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2009;10(2):199-201.
MyJurnal

Objective: To report the use of Paliperidone in an adolescent with bipolar disorder primarily concerning its effectiveness and safety. Method: We present a case report of an adolescent with atypical presentation of bipolar disorder. The problem was complicated by poor liver function and poor compliance. Progress of the patient was recorded. Results: The patient showed dramatic improvement after 2 weeks on Paliperidone and has achieved the best level of functioning after almost 4 years on other treatment. Conclusion: The usage of Paliperidone was effective and safe in an adolescent with atypical bipolar disorder.
Fulltext A single-stage led driver with voltage doubler rectifier

Nurul Asikin, Shahid Iqbal, Mohamad Kamarol, Mohd Jamil

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(101):9-18.
MyJurnal

In this paper, a configuration of a single-stage AC-DC converter and a high voltage resonant controller
IC L6598 for LED street light driver is discussed. The converter is obtained by integrating two boost
circuits and a half-bridge LLC resonant circuit. A voltage double rectifier circuit is adopted as output
to lower the voltage stress on transformer and the associated core. The two boost circuits work in
boundary conduction mode (BCM) to achieve the power factor correction (PFC). The converter works
in soft-switching mode allowing the power switches to operate in zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) and
the output diodes to operate in zero-current-switching (ZCS). This reduces the switching losses and
enhances the efficiency. The converter features lower voltage stress on the power switches and the bus
voltage is reduced to slightly higher than the peak input voltage. Therefore, the converter can perform
well under high-input-voltage. Here, the DC bus and the output filter capacitances are greatly reduced.
So, electrolytic capacitor-less converter can be realized for a long lifetime LED driver. Simulation results
from PSpice are presented for a 100-W prototype.
Fulltext Maxillofacial trauma of paediatric patients: University of Malaya experience

Mohd Jamil A., Md Kamal F., Kathreena Kadir

Ann Dent, 2017;24(1):1-9.
MyJurnal

This study aimed to determine the incidence, aetiology, types of injury, management and the outcomes of
the treatment of maxillofacial trauma among paediatric patients treated in Faculty of Dentistry, University of
Malaya. A retrospective study (2005-2015) was carried out which involved retrieving past records (manual/
electronic form) of paediatric patients (under 16 years old) who presented with maxillofacial trauma. Data
collected was organized using descriptive statistics with SPSS version 12.0.1. The total number of patients
was 120 but only 93 had complete records. The ratio of boys to girls was 2:1. The main cause of injury
was falling (54%) followed by motor-vehicle accident (MVA) (42%), assault (3%), and sport (1%). The total
count of soft tissue injury only was about 41% while 59% presented with maxillofacial fracture. Midface
were the most common fracture occurred followed by mandibular fractures. Both fractures were mostly
managed by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using non-resorbable plates except for condylar
fractures which were mostly managed conservatively. In conclusion, the incidence of maxillofacial trauma
in children increased within the time frame of this study. The most common aetiology was fall. Hard tissue
injury accounting for most of the cases whereby midface was the most common site involved. ORIF was the
treatment of choice for most of the fracture cases except for condylar fractures (conservative management).
All patients had achieved reasonable outcomes postoperatively in terms of form and functions.
The study of the function of AQP4 in cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury using poroelastic theory

Mokhtarudin MJ, Payne SJ

Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng, 2017 01;33(1).
PMID: 26991256 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2784

Brain oedema is thought to form and to clear through the use of water-protein channels, aquaporin-4 (AQP4), which are found in the astrocyte endfeet. The model developed here is used to study the function of AQP4 in the formation and elimination of oedema fluid in ischaemia-reperfusion injury. The cerebral space is assumed to be made of four fluid compartments: astrocyte, neuron, ECS and blood microvessels, and a solid matrix for the tissue, and this is modelled using multiple-network poroelastic theory. AQP4 allows the movement of water between astrocyte and the ECS and the microvessels. It is found that the presence of AQP4 may help in reducing vasogenic oedema shown by a decrease in brain tissue extracellular pressure. However, the astrocyte pressure will increase to compensate for this decrease, which may lead to cytotoxic oedema. In addition, the swelling will also depend on the ionic concentrations in the astrocyte and extracellular space, which may change after ischaemic stroke. Understanding the role of AQP4 in oedema may thus help the development of a treatment plan in reducing brain swelling after ischaemia-reperfusion.
Fulltext Consumers' Perceptions of Healthy Food Availability in Online Food Delivery Applications (OFD Apps) and Its Association With Food Choices Among Public University Students in Malaysia

Eu EZR, Sameeha MJ

Front Nutr, 2021;8:674427.
PMID: 34497818 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.674427

This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to study consumers' perceptions of healthy food availability in online food delivery applications (OFD apps) among public university students in Malaysia and its association with their food choices. A total of 290 subjects aged 19-29 years old were recruited from 20 public universities in Malaysia via snowball sampling. Data was collected through an online questionnaire which consisted of socio-demographic status, use of OFD apps (most frequently used brand, usage frequency, food choice, and expenditure per transaction), factors affecting food choice in OFD apps, consumers' perceptions of healthy food availability in OFD apps and recommendation for improvements. The most frequently used apps among the subjects was Food Panda (46.6%), however, majority of the subjects in this study (41.4%) rarely used OFD apps. Also, most of the subjects ordered unhealthy food (77.6%) and spent up to RM15-RM19 for each transaction (43.1%). There was no significant difference between the use of OFD apps and gender (p > 0.05). Among the five food choice motives, "price and convenience" motive was the most influencing food choice factor in OFD apps. Majority of the subjects (76.9%) had a negative perception of healthy food availability (variety, price, and quality of healthy food) in OFD apps. No significant association was found between consumers' perceptions of healthy food availability in OFD apps and their food choices made in OFD apps among the subjects in this study (p > 0.05). Also, majority (85.9%) responded they are keen to purchase healthy foods through OFD apps if they are given an option. However, most Malaysian public university students perceived that there were not much variety of healthy food, of good quality and affordable price, available in OFD apps. This finding suggests that the online food environment in Malaysia are perceived as unhealthy. Future studies can explore the online food environment particularly its impact on community health and well-being. Public health professionals and policymakers need to address the online food environment issues as part of the obesogenic food environment in Malaysia especially when OFD is one of the most convenient service in this country.
L-cysteine capped silver nanoparticles as chiral recognition sensor for ketoprofen enantiomers

Obaid A, Mohd Jamil AK, Saharin SM, Mohamad S

Chirality, 2021 11;33(11):810-823.
PMID: 34486177 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23354

A simple, inexpensive but effective approach for visual chiral recognition of ketoprofen enantiomers was developed using L-cysteine capped silver nanoparticles (L-Cys-AgNPs) as a colorimetric sensor. Upon the addition of R-ketoprofen to L-Cys-AgNPs, rapid aggregation occurred, and the solution changed color from yellow to green. However, the presence of S-ketoprofen did not induce any color change. The results were characterized using UV-Vis, FESEM, FT-IR, SERS, and zeta potential measurements. The chiral assay described in this work is easily distinguished with the naked eyes or using a UV-Vis spectrometer. The sensor revealed a good linear response to ketoprofen enantiomers in the concentration range of 8.33-33.3 μM with a detection limit of 4.52 μM and relative standard deviation of 3.73%. The proposed method was utilized for the determination of ketoprofen racemic mixtures in water samples and commercial tablets. The method excels by its simplicity, low cost, and good availability of materials.
Fulltext Correction: Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Association With Vitamin D Receptor Gene Variants Among Malaysian Women With Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy: Protocol for a Nutrigenomics Study

Ibrahim Y, Basri NI, Nordin N, Mohd Jamil AA

JMIR Res Protoc, 2024 Apr 11;13:e59300.
PMID: 38603774 DOI: 10.2196/59300

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/53722.].
Fulltext Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Association With Vitamin D Receptor Gene Variants Among Malaysian Women With Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy: Protocol for a Nutrigenomics Study

Ibrahim Y, Basri NI, Nordin N, Mohd Jamil AA

JMIR Res Protoc, 2024 Mar 26;13:e53722.
PMID: 38530345 DOI: 10.2196/53722

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP). The risk of developing HDP was reported to be further augmented among individuals with a vitamin D receptor (VDR) genetic variant. However, the reported roles of VDR variants in hypertensive disorders are inconsistent among different populations. Given the relatively higher incidence of vitamin D deficiency among Malaysian pregnant women and the high incidence of HDP in this population, we hypothesize that there may be associations between the risk of vitamin D deficiency and HDP with VDR genetic variants.
OBJECTIVE: This paper outlines the protocol for a study to determine the association of vitamin D status and VDR sequence variants among Malaysian pregnant women with HDP.
METHODS: This prospective study consists of two phases. The first phase is a cross-sectional study that will entail gathering medical records, a questionnaire survey, and laboratory testing for vitamin D status, with a planned recruitment of 414 pregnant women. The questionnaire will be utilized to assess the risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. The vitamin D status will be obtained from measurement of the vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) level in the blood. The second phase is a case-control study involving a Malay ethnic cohort with vitamin D deficiency. Participants will be divided into two groups with and without HDP (n=150 per group). Genomic DNA will be extracted from the peripheral blood monocytes of participants using the Qiagen DNA blood kit, and VDR sequence variants will be determined using polymerase chain reaction-high-resolution melting (PCR-HRM) analysis. Sanger sequencing will then be used to sequence randomly selected samples corresponding to each identified variant to validate our PCR-HRM results. The VDR genotype and mutation frequencies of BsmI, ApaI, TaqI, and FokI will be statistically analyzed to evaluate their relationships with developing HDP.
RESULTS: As of December 2023, 340 subjects have been recruited for the phase 1 study, 63% of whom were determined to have vitamin D deficiency. In the phase 2 study, 50 and 22 subjects have been recruited from the control and case groups, respectively. Recruitment is expected to be completed by March 2024 and all analyses should be completed by August 2024.
CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of the study will identify the nonmodifiable genetic components contributing to developing vitamin D deficiency leading to HDP. This will in turn enable gaining a better understanding of the contribution of genetic variability to the development of HDP, thus providing more evidence for a need of customized vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy according to the individual variability in the response to vitamin D intake.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05659173; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05659173.
INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/53722.
Fulltext Comparative study of tributyltin adsorption onto mesoporous silica functionalized with calix[4]arene, p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene and p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene

Alahmadi S, Mohamad S, Maah MJ

Molecules, 2014 Apr 10;19(4):4524-47.
PMID: 24727422 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19044524

The adsorption of tributyltin (TBT), onto three mesoporous silica adsorbents functionalized with calix[4]arene, p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene and p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene (MCM-TDI-C4, MCM-TDI-PC4 and MCM-TDI-C4S, respectively) has been compared. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out and the effect of contact time, initial TBT concentration, pH and temperature were studied. The Koble-Corrigan isotherm was the most suitable for data fitting. Based on a Langmuir isotherm model, the maximum adsorption capacities were 12.1212, 16.4204 and 7.5757 mg/g for MCM-TDI-C4, MCM-TDI-PC4 and MCM-TDI-C4S, respectively. The larger uptake and stronger affinity of MCM-TDI-PC4 than MCM-TDI-C4 and MCM-TDI-C4S probably results from van der Waals interactions and the pore size distribution of MCM-TDI-PC4. Gibbs free energies for the three adsorption processes of TBT presented a negative value, reflecting that TBT/surface interactions are thermodynamic favorable and spontaneous. The interaction processes were accompanied by an increase of entropy value for MCM-TDI-C4 and MCM-TDI-C4S (43.7192 and 120.7609 J/mol K, respectively) and a decrease for MCM-TDI-PC4 (-37.4704 J/mol K). It is obviously observed that MCM-TDI-PC4 spontaneously adsorbs TBT driven mainly by enthalpy change, while MCM-TDI-C4 and MCM-TDI-C4S do so driven mainly by entropy changes.
Fulltext Morphology, geology and water quality assessment of former tin mining catchment

Ashraf MA, Maah MJ, Yusoff I

ScientificWorldJournal, 2012;2012:369206.
PMID: 22761549 DOI: 10.1100/2012/369206

Bestari Jaya, former tin mining catchment covers an area of 2656.31 hectares comprised of four hundred and forty-two different-size lakes and ponds. The present study area comprise of 92 hectares of the catchment that include four large size lakes. Arc GIS version 9.2 used to develop bathymetric map, Global Positioning System (GPS) for hydrographical survey and flow meter was utilized for water discharge analysis (flow routing) of the catchment. The water quality parameters (pH, temperature, electric conductivity, dissolved oxygen DO, total dissolved solids TDS, chlorides, ammonium, nitrates) were analyzed by using Hydrolab. Quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) procedures were strictly followed throughout the field work and data analysis. Different procedures were employed to evaluate the analytical data and to check for possible transcription or dilution errors, changes during analysis, or unusual or unlikely values. The results obtained are compared with interim national water quality standards for Malaysia indicates that water quality of area is highly degraded. It is concluded that Bestri Jaya ex-mining catchment has a high pollution potential due to mining activities and River Ayer Hitam, recipient of catchment water, is a highly polluted river.
Fulltext Bis[(4-chloro-benz-yl)triphenyl-phospho-nium] tetra-chloridozincate(II) trihydrate

Tan KW, Maah MJ, Ng SW

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010;66(Pt 6):m690.
PMID: 21579329 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810018325

The crystal structure of the title compound, (C(25)H(21)ClP)(2)[ZnCl(4)]·3H(2)O, consists of tetra-hedral phosphonium cations and tetra-hedral zincate anions; the water mol-ecules form weak hydrogen bonds to the anions. Two of the water mol-ecules are disordered over three sites in a 0.68:0.55:0.77 ratio.
Fulltext Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous silica functionalized with calix[4]arene derivatives

Alahmadi SM, Mohamad S, Maah MJ

Int J Mol Sci, 2012;13(10):13726-36.
PMID: 23202977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131013726

This work reports a new method to covalently attach calix[4]arene derivatives onto MCM-41, using a diisocyanate as a linker. The modified mesoporous silicates were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analysis (TGA) and elemental analysis. The FTIR spectra and TGA analysis verified that the calix[4]arene derivates are covalently attached to the mesoporous silica. The preservation of the MCM-41 channel system was checked by X-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption analysis.
Fulltext Synthesis, characterization and biological properties of copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes against blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum

Lai, Jing-Wei, Ng, Chew-Hee, Lim, Yvonne Ai-Lian, Mohd Jamil Maah

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(102):1-1.
MyJurnal

Introduction: The spread of multidrug-resistant malaria parasite – Plasmodium sp. to commercially available antimalarial drugs, i.e. artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) and chloroquine (CQ), has become a global treat to eliminate malaria. To limit the impact of antimalarial drug resistance, a new potent and affordable alternative is urgently needed. A number of metal-based compounds (metallodrugs) have been found active against Plasmodium falciparum, the species that causes potentially fatal cerebral malaria, as they are ease in ligand grafting of multi-functional groups. Ferroquine (FQ) is one of the metalloantimalarial drugs that is currently undergoing clinical trials. Methods: In this study, a series of ternary copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes – Cu(phen)(edda) 1, Zn(phen)(edda) 2, [Cu(phen)(cdmg)] NO3 3 and [Zn(phen)(c-dmg)]NO3 4 were synthesized and characterized by the following tests: Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), CHN elemental analysis, UV-Vis spectroscopy, molar conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Results: In vitro hemolytic and antimalarial assays using SYBR Green I dye were done to determine the biological properties of these complexes. Preliminary biological evaluation demonstrated that all the complexes 1, 2, 3 and 4 exhibit toxicity against the sensitive blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 with IC50 in μM range. Conclusion: Thus, metal complex is a potentially viable candidate as antimalarial drug to overcome the emergence of drug resistance.

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