Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 337 in total

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  1. Mesoporous NiO/Ni2O3 nanoflowers for favorable visible light photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol
    Gnanasekaran L, Manoj D, Rajendran S, Gracia F, Jalil AA, Chen WH, et al.
    Environ Res, 2023 Nov 01;236(Pt 2):116790.
    PMID: 37517483 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116790
    The present study highlights the treatment of industrial effluent, which is one of the most life-threatening factors. Herein, for the first time, two types of NiO (green and black) photocatalysts were prepared by facile chemical precipitation and thermal decomposition methods separately. The synthesized NiO materials were demonstrated with various instrumental techniques for finding their characteristics. The X-ray diffraction studies (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the presence of Ni2O3 in black NiO material. The transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images engrained the nanospherical shaped green NiO and nanoflower shaped black NiO/Ni2O3 materials. Further, the band gap of black NiO nanoflower was 2.9 eV compared to green NiO having 3.8 eV obtained from UV-vis spectroscopy. Meanwhile, both NiO catalysts were employed for visible light degradation, which yields a 60.3% efficiency of black NiO comparable to a 4.3% efficiency of green NiO within 180 min of exposure. The higher degrading efficiency of black NiO was due to the presence of Ni2O3 and the development of pores, which was evident from the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method. Type IV hysteresis was observed in black NiO nanoflowers with high surface area and pore size measurements. This black NiO/Ni2O3 synthesized from the thermal decomposition method has promoted better photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol upon exposure to visible light and is applicable for other industrial pollutants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light*
  2. Fulltext Bio-inspired polarized skylight-based navigation sensors: a review
    Karman SB, Diah SZ, Gebeshuber IC
    Sensors (Basel), 2012 Oct 24;12(11):14232-61.
    PMID: 23202158 DOI: 10.3390/s121114232
    Animal senses cover a broad range of signal types and signal bandwidths and have inspired various sensors and bioinstrumentation devices for biological and medical applications. Insects, such as desert ants and honeybees, for example, utilize polarized skylight pattern-based information in their navigation activities. They reliably return to their nests and hives from places many kilometers away. The insect navigation system involves the dorsal rim area in their compound eyes and the corresponding polarization sensitive neurons in the brain. The dorsal rim area is equipped with photoreceptors, which have orthogonally arranged small hair-like structures termed microvilli. These are the specialized sensors for the detection of polarized skylight patterns (e-vector orientation). Various research groups have been working on the development of novel navigation systems inspired by polarized skylight-based navigation in animals. Their major contributions are critically reviewed. One focus of current research activities is on imitating the integration path mechanism in desert ants. The potential for simple, high performance miniaturized bioinstrumentation that can assist people in navigation will be explored.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light*
  3. Exohedral Cuprofullerene: Sequentially Expanding Metal Olefin Up to a C60@Cu24 Rhombicuboctahedron
    Zhan SZ, Zhang GH, Li JH, Liu JL, Zhu SH, Lu W, et al.
    J Am Chem Soc, 2020 Apr 01;142(13):5943-5947.
    PMID: 32187495 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00090
    Exohedral cuprofullerenes with 6-, 12-, or 24-nuclearity were obtained by utilizing fluorocarboxylic/dicarboxylic acid under solvothermal conditions. The 24-nuclear molecule presents a C60@Cu24 core-shell structure with a rhombicuboctahedron Cu24 coated on the C60 core, representing the highest nuclearity in metallofullerene. The resultant complexes show an efficient absorption of visible light as opposed to the pristine C60. TD-DFT calculations revealed the charge transfer from Cu(I) and O atoms to the fullerene moiety dominates the photophysical process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light
  4. Fulltext Wideband double-pass discrete Raman amplifier with pump reflector
    Mahdi, M.A., Md. Ali, M.I., Ahmad, A., Zamzuri, A.K.
    ASM Science Journal, 2008;2(2):123-127.
    MyJurnal
    In this paper a study on the wideband double-pass Raman fibre amplifier with mirror as the pump reflector is reported. The pump lights at 1435 nm and 1455 nm were launched in a co-directional manner with respect to the input signal. The double-pass direction of the signal was achieved through a fibre loop mirror constructed using an optical circulator. It was shown that multiple signal amplification was achieved without any disturbance of stimulated Brillouin scattering.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light
  5. Facile synthesis of CuO/CdS heterostructure photocatalyst for the effective degradation of dye under visible light
    Hossain SS, Tarek M, Munusamy TD, Rezaul Karim KM, Roopan SM, Sarkar SM, et al.
    Environ Res, 2020 09;188:109803.
    PMID: 32590149 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109803
    In this work, the photocatalytic property of p-type CuO was tailored by creating a heterojunction with n-type CdS. The CuO/CdS nanocomposite photocatalyst was synthesized by the ultrasound-assisted-wet-impregnation method and the physicochemical and optical properties of the catalysts were evaluated by using N2 physisorption, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD),X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX) mapping, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), UV-Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy experiments. Detailed characterization revealed the formation of a nanocomposite with a remarkable improvement in the charge carrier (electron/hole) separation. The photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of CuO and CuO/CdS were investigated for different dyes, for instance, rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue (MLB), methyl blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) under visible light irradiation. The obtained dye degradation efficiencies were ~93%, ~75%, ~83% and ~80%, respectively. The quantum yield for RhB degradation under visible light was 6.5 × 10-5. Reusability tests revealed that the CuO/CdS photocatalyst was recyclable up to four times. The possible mechanisms for the photocatalytic dye degradation over CuO/CdS nanocomposite were elucidated by utilizing various scavengers. Through these studies, it can be confirmed that the conduction band edges of CuO and CdS play a significant role in producing O2-. The produced O2- degraded the dye molecules in the bulk solution whereas the valence band position of CuO acted as the water oxidation site. In conclusion, the incorporation of CuO with CdS was demonstrated to be a viable strategy for the efficient photocatalytic degradation of dyes in aqueous solutions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light*
  6. A review on exploration of Fe2O3 photocatalyst towards degradation of dyes and organic contaminants
    Hitam CNC, Jalil AA
    J Environ Manage, 2020 Mar 15;258:110050.
    PMID: 31929077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110050
    Photocatalytic degradation is among the promising technology for removal of various dyes and organic contaminants from environment owing to its excellent catalytic activity, low energy utilization, and low cost. As one of potential photocatalysts, Fe2O3 has emerged as an important material for degradation of numerous dyes and organic contaminants caused by its tolerable band gap, wide harvesting of visible light, good stability and recyclability. The present review thoroughly summarized the classification, synthesis route of Fe2O3 with different morphologies, and several modifications of Fe2O3 for improved photocatalytic performance. These include the incorporation with supporting materials, formation of heterojunction with other semiconductor photocatalysts, as well as the fabrication of Z-scheme. Explicitly, the other photocatalytic applications of Fe2O3, including for removal of heavy metals, reduction of CO2, evolution of H2, and N2 fixation are also deliberately discussed to further highlight the huge potential of this catalyst. Moreover, the prospects and future challenges are also comprised to expose the unscrutinized criteria of Fe2O3 photocatalyst. This review aims to contribute a knowledge transfer for providing more information on the potential of Fe2O3 photocatalyst. In the meantime, it might give an idea for utilization of this photocatalyst in other environmental remediation application.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light*
  7. Visible-light-driven photocatalytic dual-layer hollow fibre membrane ameliorates the changes of bisphenol A exposure in gastrointestinal tract
    Kamaludin R, Othman MHD, Kadir SHSA, Khan J, Ismail AF, Rahman MA, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Jan;30(1):259-273.
    PMID: 35902521 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22121-w
    Various treatments of choice are available to overcome contamination of bisphenol A (BPA) in the environment including membrane technologies; however, the treatment still releases contaminants that threaten the human being. Therefore, the present study is conducted to investigate the degradation of BPA by recently developed visible-light-driven photocatalytic nitrogen-doping titanium dioxide (N-doped TiO2) dual-layer hollow fibre (DLHF) membrane and its efficiency in reducing the level of BPA in contaminated water. Fabricated with suitable polymer/photocatalyst (15/7.5 wt.%) via co-extrusion spinning method, the DLHF was characterized morphologically, evaluated for BPA degradation by using submerged photocatalytic membrane reactor under visible light irradiations followed by the investigation of intermediates formed. BPA exposure effects were accessed by immunohistochemistry staining of gastrointestinal sample obtained from animal model. BPA has been successfully degraded up to 72.5% with 2 intermediate products, B1 and B2, being identified followed by total degradation of BPA. BPA exposure leads to the high-intensity IHC staining of Claudin family which indicated the disruption of small intestinal barrier (SIB) integrity. Low IHC staining intensity of Claudin family in treated BPA group demonstrated that reducing the level of BPA by N-doped TiO2 DLHF is capable of protecting the important component of SIB. Altogether, the fabricated photocatalytic DLHF membrane is expected to have an outstanding potential in removing BPA and its health effect for household water treatment to fulfil the public focus on the safety of their household water and their need to consume clean water.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light*
  8. Potential of low-cost TiO2-PVC composite in photoelectrocatalytic degradation of reactive orange 16 under visible light
    Jaafar NF, Nordin N, Mohamed Haris NY, Mohd Halim NH, Lahuri AH, Samad WZ
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Apr;30(16):47144-47157.
    PMID: 36732455 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25623-3
    In recent years, previously reported studies revealed a high efficiency of pollutant degradation by coupling photocatalysis and electrochemical processes (PECs) using titanium dioxide (TiO2) photoelectrode rather than using photocatalysis or electrocatalysis alone. However, some of the TiO2 photoelectrodes that have been reported were not cost-effective. This is due to the use of expensive chemicals and certain expensive equipment in the fabrication process, other than involving complicated preparation steps. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the PEC performance and stability of low-cost TiO2-polyvinyl chloride (TiO2-PVC) composite photoelectrode for Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) degradation. The materials characterisation using the ATR-FTIR, XRD and UV-Vis DRS proved that TiO2 and TiO2-PVC were successfully synthesised. The micrograph obtained for the surface characterisation using the FESEM showed that the smooth surface of freshly prepared photoelectrodes turned slightly rough with tiny pits formation after five continuous PEC processes. Nevertheless, the photoelectrode retained its original shape in good condition for further PEC processes. By PEC process, the fabricated photoelectrode showed 99.4% and 51.1% of colour and total organic carbon (TOC) removal, respectively, at optimised PEC parameters (1.0 mol L-1 NaCl concentration, 10 V applied voltage, 120 min degradation time and initial pH 2). Moreover, the fabricated photoelectrode demonstrated sufficient reusability potential (~ 96.3%) after five cycles of PEC processes. In summary, a low-cost and stable composite photoelectrode with high efficiency in RO16 degradation was successfully fabricated and could be potentially applied for other emerging pollutants degradation via the PEC degradation technique.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light*
  9. Enhancing biomass production and biochemical compositions of Spirodela polyrhiza through superhydrophobic cultivation platforms at low light intensity
    Chua MX, Saravanan G, Cheah YT, Chan DJC
    Plant Physiol Biochem, 2024 Mar;208:108485.
    PMID: 38461755 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108485
    Duckweed, a floating macrophyte, has attracted interest in various fields such as animal feedstocks and bioenergy productions. Its enriched nutritional content and rapid growth rate make it particularly promising. However, common laboratory cultures of duckweed often experience fronds layering, diminishing the efficiency of sunlight capturing due to limited surface area on conventional cultivation platforms. In this work, we aimed to address the issue of fronds layering by introducing a novel cultivation platform - a superhydrophobic coated acrylic sheet. The sheet was prepared by spray-coating a suspension of beeswax and ethanol, and its effectiveness was evaluated by comparing the growth performance of giant duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza, on this platform with that on a modified version. The superhydrophobic coated acrylic sheet (SHPA) and its variant with a metal mesh added (SHPAM) were employed as growing platforms, with a glass jar serving as the control. The plantlets were grown for 7 days with similar growth conditions under low light stress (25 μmol/m2/s). SHPAM demonstrated superior growth performance, achieving a mass gain of 102.12 ± 17.18 %, surpassing both SHPA (89.67 ± 14.97 %) and the control (39.26 ± 8.94 %). For biochemical compositions, SHPAM outperformed in chlorophyll content, protein content and lipid content. The values obtained were 1.021 ± 0.076 mg/g FW, 14.59 ± 0.58 % DW and 6.21 ± 0.75 % DW respectively. Therefore, this work proved that incorporation of superhydrophobic coatings on a novel cultivation platform significantly enhanced the biomass production of S. polyrhiza. Simultaneously, the biochemical compositions of the duckweeds were well-maintained, showcasing the potential of this approach for optimized duckweed cultivation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light*
  10. Assessing the impact of temperature, pH, light and chemical oxidation on fucoxanthin colour changes, antioxidant activity and the resulting metabolites
    Yusof Z, Lim V, Khong NMH, Choo WS, Foo SC
    J Sci Food Agric, 2025 Jan 15;105(1):93-108.
    PMID: 39177277 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13807
    BACKGROUND: The present study evaluated the effects of temperature, pH, light and chemical oxidation on fucoxanthin changes in terms of colour, antioxidant activity and metabolomic profile. Additionally, the correlation between antioxidant activity and identified metabolites was analysed.

    RESULTS: It was found that colour change was significantly reduced at elevated heat (100 °C, *∆E = 0.81 ± 0.05), reduced pH (pH 3, *∆E = 0.59 ± 0.04) and length of light exposure (*∆E = 3.16 ± 0.04). Antioxidant activity decreased under all treatments. Among the temperatures tested, fucoxanthin exhibited the highest activity at 60 °C, ranging from 0.92 to 3.04 mg Trolox equivalents (TE) g-1. Significant activity reductions (P light 2: warm white lamp for 120 h significantly reduced antioxidant activity (0.01 to 1.70 mg TE g-1). Chemical oxidation also led to reduced activity, ranging from 0.18 to 0.29 mg TE g-1. Multivariate data analysis revealed distinct profiles for temperature, pH, light and chemical oxidation treatments. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based metabolomics analysis identified 10 metabolites, and significant correlations (P light exposure, as indicated by its consistent antioxidant activity and minimal colour change. Each treatment resulted in distinct metabolite concentrations, as shown by LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics analysis. Further research into these metabolites could advance the understanding of their roles and aid in optimising processing conditions to favour beneficial metabolites. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

    Matched MeSH terms: Light*
  11. Effectiveness of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Neuropathic Pain, Nerve Conduction and Plantar Pressure Distribution in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy - A Systematic Review
    Korada HY, Arora E, Maiya GA, Rao S, Hande M, Shetty S, et al.
    Curr Diabetes Rev, 2023;19(9):e290422204244.
    PMID: 37622461 DOI: 10.2174/1573399818666220429085256
    BACKGROUND: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a severe complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The most common symptoms are neuropathic pain and altered sensorium due to damage to small nerve fibers. Altered plantar pressure distribution is also a major risk factor in diabetic peripheral neuropathy, leading to diabetic foot ulcers.

    OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review was to analyze the various studies involving photobiomodulation therapy on neuropathic pain and plantar pressure distribution in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

    METHODS: We conducted a systematic review (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane) to summarise the evidence on photobiomodulation therapy for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Randomized and non-randomized studies were included in the review.

    RESULTS: This systematic review included eight studies in which photobiomodulation therapy showed improvement in neuropathic pain and nerve conduction velocity. It also reduces plantar pressure distribution, which is a high risk for developing foot ulcers.

    CONCLUSION: We conclude that photobiomodulation therapy is an effective, non-invasive, and costefficient means to improve neuropathic pain and altered plantar pressure distribution in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

    Matched MeSH terms: Low-Level Light Therapy*
  12. Fulltext Design of a plastic optical fibre waveguide coupler for a portable optical access card system
    Shaari, S., Ehsan, A.A., Abd-Rahman, M.K.
    ASM Science Journal, 2008;2(2):153-161.
    MyJurnal
    An optical code generating device for a portable optical access-card system was constructed using the plastic optical fibre (POF) waveguide coupler. The newly constructed device provided output light intensities which were used as optical codes in a portable optical access-card system. The construction of a basic 1 × 2 waveguide design combined two major components which were the asymmetric Y-junction splitter and the linear taper. A hollow waveguide structure was utilized as it provided more flexibility in guiding light rays. A basic 1 × 2 waveguide coupler was designed using the CAD tool and then the ray was traced using the non-sequential ray tracing tool. A linear relationship between the tap-off ratio and the waveguide tap-width enabled a higher-level hollow waveguide coupler to be designed using the simple cascading technique. Construction of a 1 × 4 and higher level waveguide coupler was easily realized using the basic 1 × 2 waveguide coupler design together with a simple cascading technique.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light
  13. Fulltext Short-term and long-term effects of the enhance enforcement programmes on seatbelt wearing among front occupants in Malaysia
    Norlen, M., Mohammad Fadhi, M.Y., Ilhamah, O., Noradrenalina, I., Wahida, A.B., Noor Faradila, P.
    Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2010;16(2):47-56.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: To determine the effectiveness of the enhance enforcement programmes (The Ops) on the percentage of seatbelt wearing among front occupants in Malaysia.
    Methodology: The roadside observations for measuring the seatbelt wearing among front occupant were conducted before, two weeks and six months after the Ops. The study was conducted in selected states representing four different zones (Northern, Southern, Eastern and Central zones) of Peninsular Malaysia.
    Result: A total of 12,298 drivers and 11,212 front occupants were observed for their seatbelt wearing status through out the study. Percentage of seatbelt wearing among drivers and front passengers were increased from the baseline of 82.6 % and 74.4 % to 92 % (95 % CI: 91.2, 92.7) and 87.0 % (95 % CI: 85.9, 88.0) after two week, but declined to 85.7 % (95 % CI: 84.4, 86.8) and 76.8 % (95 % CI: 75.2, 78.3) after six months of the Ops respectively. Pre and post analysis revealed that after 2 weeks, the Ops were significantly effective in increasing the seatbelt wearing among front passengers and drivers with the RR (95 % CI) of 1.17 (1.14, 1.20) and 1.12 (1.10,1.13) respectively. However, after six months, the effectiveness of the Ops was reduced for both type of vehicle occupant.
    Conclusion: This study sheds light on the importance of the enhance enforcement programme for increasing the seatbelt wearing in Malaysia. However, in order to give more impact on seatbelt wearing, the strategy and the frequency of the enhance enforcement programme in Malaysia may need to be revised.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light
  14. Eminent destruction of organics and pathogens concomitant with power generation in a visible light-responsive photocatalytic fuel cell with NiFe2O4/ZnO pine tree-like photoanode and CuO/Cu2O nanorod cathode
    Lam SM, Sin JC, Warren Tong MW, Zeng H, Li H, Huang L, et al.
    Chemosphere, 2023 Dec;344:140402.
    PMID: 37838031 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140402
    Environmental conservation and energy scarcity have become two core challenges with the ever-increasing advancement of industry, particularly chemical energy rich wastewater comprising refractory organics and pathogenic microbes. Here, a multifunctional photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) was devised using NiFe2O4 nanoparticle-loaded on pine tree-like ZnO/Zn (NiFe2O4/ZnO/Zn) photoanode and CuO/Cu2O nanorods-loaded on Cu (CuO/Cu2O/Cu) cathode for extracting electricity upon wastewater treatment. When fed with Rhodamine B (RhB) dyestuff, the NiFe2O4/ZnO/Zn-PFC provided the maximum power density (Pmax) of 0.539 mW cm-2 upon visible light irradiation with an average RhB degradation of 85.2%, which were 2.8 and 2.7 times higher than ZnO/Zn, respectively. The remarkable enhanced NiFe2O4/ZnO/Zn-PFC performance was owing to the synergistic effect of pine tree-like structure and Z-scheme heterostructure. The pine tree-like with high surface area was not only for effective harnessing photon energies but also provided more directional routes for rapid segregation and transport of carriers and higher interface contacting areas with electrolyte. Through a series of systematic characterizations, the Z-scheme heterostructure mechanism of the system and organics degradation pathway were also speculated. Additionally, the performance of the NiFe2O4/ZnO/Zn-PFC in industry printing wastewater showed Pmax of 0.600 mW cm-2, which was considerably impressive as real wastewater was challenging to accomplish. The phytotoxicity outcome also manifested that the comprehensive toxicity of RhB was eradicated after PFC treatment. Lastly, the excellent recyclability and the pronounced bactericidal effect towards Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were other attributions which enabled the NiFe2O4/ZnO/Zn-PFC for possible practical application.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light
  15. A review of clinical guidelines, laboratory recommendations and external quality assurance programs for monoclonal gammopathy testing
    Lim SM, Wijeratne N, Choy KW, Nguyen TTH, Setiawan L, Loh TP
    Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci, 2024 Mar;61(2):107-126.
    PMID: 37776896 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2257306
    Monoclonal gammopathy (MG) is a spectrum of diseases ranging from the benign asymptomatic monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to the malignant multiple myeloma. Clinical guidelines and laboratory recommendations have been developed to inform best practices in the diagnosis, monitoring, and management of MG. In this review, the pathophysiology, relevant laboratory testing recommended in clinical practice guidelines and laboratory recommendations related to MG testing and reporting are examined. The clinical guidelines recommend serum protein electrophoresis, serum immunofixation and serum free light chain measurement as initial screening. The laboratory recommendations omit serum immunofixation as it offers limited additional diagnostic value. The laboratory recommendations offer guidance on reporting findings beyond monoclonal protein, which was not required by the clinical guidelines. The clinical guidelines suggested monitoring total IgA concentration by turbidimetry or nephelometry method if the monoclonal protein migrates in the non-gamma region, whereas the laboratory recommendations make allowance for involved IgM and IgG. Additionally, several external quality assurance programs for MG protein electrophoresis and free light chain testing are also appraised. The external quality assurance programs show varied assessment criteria for protein electrophoresis reporting and unit of measurement. There is also significant disparity in reported monoclonal protein concentrations with wide inter-method analytical variation noted for both monoclonal protein quantification and serum free light chain measurement, however this variation appears smaller when the same method was used. Greater harmonization among laboratory recommendations and reporting format may improve clinical interpretation of MG testing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunoglobulin Light Chains
  16. Regenerated cellulose membrane as bio-template for in-situ growth of visible-light driven C-modified mesoporous titania
    Mohamed MA, W Salleh WN, Jaafar J, Mohd Hir ZA, Rosmi MS, Abd Mutalib M, et al.
    Carbohydr Polym, 2016 08 01;146:166-73.
    PMID: 27112862 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.050
    Visible light driven C-doped mesoporous TiO2 (C-MTiO2) nanorods have been successfully synthesized through green, low cost, and facile approach by sol-gel bio-templating method using regenerated cellulose membrane (RCM) as nanoreactor. In this study, RCM was also responsible to provide in-situ carbon sources for resultant C-MTiO2 nanorods in acidified sol at low temperatures. The composition, crystallinity, surface area, morphological structure, and optical properties of C-MTiO2 nanorods, respectively, had been characterized using FTIR, XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, TEM, UV-vis-NIR, and XPS spectroscopy. The results suggested that the growth of C-MTiO2 nanorods was promoted by the strong interaction between the hydroxyl groups of RCMs and titanium ion. Optical and XPS analysis confirmed that carbon presence in TiO2 nanorods were responsible for band-gap narrowing, which improved the visible light absorption capability. Photocatalytic activity measurements exhibited the capability of C-MTiO2 nanorods in degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution, with 96.6% degradation percentage under visible light irradiation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light*
  17. Effects of photobiomodulation on bone defects grafted with bone substitutes: A systematic review of in vivo animal studies
    Hanna R, Dalvi S, Amaroli A, De Angelis N, Benedicenti S
    J Biophotonics, 2021 01;14(1):e202000267.
    PMID: 32857463 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000267
    A present, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) effectiveness in enhancing bone regeneration in bone defects grafted with or without biomaterials is unclear. This systematic review (PROSPERO, ref. CRD 42019148959) aimed to critically appraise animal in vivo published data and present the efficacy of PBMT and its potential synergistic effects on grafted bone defects. MEDLINE, CCCT, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, EMBASE, EBSCO were searched, utilizing the following keywords: bone repair; low-level laser therapy; LLLT; light emitting diode; LEDs; photobiomodulation therapy; in vivo animal studies, bone substitutes, to identify studies between 1994 and 2019. After applying the eligibility criteria, 38 papers included where the results reported according to "PRISMA." The results revealed insufficient and incomplete PBM parameters, however, the outcomes with or without biomaterials have positive effects on bone healing. In conclusion, in vivo animal studies with a standardized protocol to elucidate the effects of PBMT on biomaterials are required initially prior to clinical studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Low-Level Light Therapy*
  18. Photobiomodulation Therapy in Carpal Tunnel Release: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    Chuah JP, Khoo SS, Chung TY, Jayaletchumi G
    Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg, 2023 Aug;41(8):402-407.
    PMID: 37506348 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0018
    Background: Carpal tunnel release (CTR) is widely accepted as an effective treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome. However, the recovery is often delayed and incomplete. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) produces a nonthermal effect on living tissues; it promotes healing, remodels and reduces inflammation of an injured nerve. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of CTR between patients who underwent postoperative PBMT and without PBMT. Materials and methods: We recruited 105 patients who had open CTR from January 2019 to January 2021. Fifty-six patients fulfilled the study criteria and were randomized into two groups: with PBMT (n = 28) and without PBMT (n = 28). Demographic and clinical data were obtained preoperatively. The PBMT group had ten 3-min sessions over 3 weeks using 808 nm, 50 mW PBMT to deliver 9 J per session to the CTR incision scar. Clinical outcomes were assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Data analysis was performed with SPSS software. Results: There were significant improvements in the Functional Status Scale in the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (p = 0.018) and pain (visual analogue scales) in the morning (p = 0.019) at 1 month postoperatively in the PBMT group compared with the non-PBMT group. Improvement of tip pinch strength at 3 months (p = 0.022) and 6 months (p = 0.024), lateral pinch strength at 1 month (p = 0.042) and 3 months (p = 0.05), and tripod pinch strength at 3 months (p = 0.005) was significantly better in the PBMT group. Thumb 2-point discrimination (2PD) at 3 months (p = 0.018) and 6 months (p = 0.016) and index finger 2PD at 3 months (p = 0.039) were also significantly improved in the PBMT group. There were no side effects of PBMT reported. Conclusions: Patients who underwent PBMT post-CTR had better outcomes. PBMT may be a valuable adjunct to post-CTR care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Low-Level Light Therapy*
  19. Overview of non-invasive factors (low level laser and low intensity pulsed ultrasound) accelerating tooth movement during orthodontic treatment
    Jawad MM, Husein A, Alam MK, Hassan R, Shaari R
    Lasers Med Sci, 2014 Jan;29(1):367-72.
    PMID: 22986701 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1199-8
    The need for orthodontic treatment is increasing all the time. As the treatment is time consuming ranging from a year to several years, any method of reducing the period of treatment and increasing the quality of the tissue will be beneficial to patients. The use of non-invasive techniques such as low level laser therapy and low intensity pulsed ultasound in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement are promising. Thus, this overview study will help to generate more understanding about the background information and the possible applications of them in daily orthodontics, depending on previous literature searching for reviews and original research articles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Low-Level Light Therapy/methods*; Low-Level Light Therapy/trends
  20. Synergistic effect of optimizing light-emitting diode illumination quality and intensity to manipulate composition of fatty acid methyl esters from Nannochloropsis sp
    Teo CL, Idris A, Zain NAM, Taisir M
    Bioresour Technol, 2014 Dec;173:284-290.
    PMID: 25310864 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.110
    In the study, the relationship between the quality and intensity of LED illumination with FAMEs produced were investigated. Nannochloropsis sp. was cultivated for 14 days under different intensities of 100, 150 and 200 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1) of red, blue and mixed red blue LED. The findings revealed that suitable combination of LED wavelengths and intensity; (red LED: 150, blue: 100 and mixed red blue: 200 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1)) produced maximum biomass growth and lipid content. It was observed that the quality and intensity of LED significantly influenced the composition of FAMEs. FAMEs produced under blue LED has high degree of unsaturation (DU) and low cetane number while those under red LED has low DU but higher CN. The combination of red blue LED has produced FAMEs with high ignition and lubricating property and also good oxidation stability indicated by the DU and CN values which lies midway between the red and blue.
    Matched MeSH terms: Light*
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