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  1. Fulltext Animal studies on male fertility enhancing properties of plants in Malaysia: a review of the past 16 years
    Redzuan Nul Hakim Abdul Razak, Muhammad Lokman Md Isa, Hussin Muhammad, Roszaman Ramli
    International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2017;1(2):44-55.
    MyJurnal
    For centuries, people have been practising phytomedicine in treating ailments or reducing risk of suffering certain diseases. It is considered as a part of an ancient medicine with interest in it becomes rapidly escalating in this modern era. Expansive and prescribed medicine is not the only true path to treat various illnesses. Without disclaiming the modern medicine, herbs can be used as an alternative or a combined therapy with conventional medication. Phytomedicine or ethnomedicine is not a new
    field in the world of research. It has been started long ago since the ancient times. As we realized the expensive modern medication is not the only mean to treat illness, interest in the discovery of remedy through natural or conventional products has become more escalating. (Copied from article)
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Reduction Behavior
  2. The effect of oral hydrotherapy on risk reduction of diabetic feet ulcer among people with type-2 diabetes mellitus
    Sunaryo T, Lestari S, Sevendor Khor BFA
    Enferm Clin, 2020 06;30 Suppl 5:192-195.
    PMID: 32713567 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.052
    Diabetic feet ulcer is four times more likely to be found in patients who suffer from diabetes mellitus than in those who don't. Diabetic feet ulcer is one of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus which causes defects even deaths. Diabetes mellitus in one of the ten most frequent diseases in Indonesia. According to Riskesdas (Riset Kesehatan Dasar - Basic Health Research), the increment number of patients with diabetes mellitus from 2007 up to 2013 is 330,512.1 The research is aimed to find out the effect of oral hydrotherapy on risk reduction of diabetic feet ulcer in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. The research was done by applying quasi-experimental design (pre-test and post-test design with control group). By total population sampling, there were 68 respondents who participated. About 34 of the respondents were in experimental group at Dr. Soediran Mangun Sumarso of Wonogiri, and 34 respondents were patients who had check-ups at RS PKU Muhammadiyah of Surakarta. The research result shows that oral hydrotherapy can minimize risk reduction of diabetic feet ulcer in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus significantly with p-value of 000.0 (α=0.005).
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Reduction Behavior
  3. Fulltext Future Directions for Dementia Risk Reduction and Prevention Research: An International Research Network on Dementia Prevention Consensus
    Anstey KJ, Peters R, Zheng L, Barnes DE, Brayne C, Brodaty H, et al.
    J Alzheimers Dis, 2020;78(1):3-12.
    PMID: 32925063 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-200674
    In the past decade a large body of evidence has accumulated on risk factors for dementia, primarily from Europe and North America. Drawing on recent integrative reviews and a consensus workshop, the International Research Network on Dementia Prevention developed a consensus statement on priorities for future research. Significant gaps in geographical location, representativeness, diversity, duration, mechanisms, and research on combinations of risk factors were identified. Future research to inform dementia risk reduction should fill gaps in the evidence base, take a life-course, multi-domain approach, and inform population health approaches that improve the brain-health of whole communities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Reduction Behavior*
  4. Fulltext Importance of indigenous knowledge in flood risk reduction: a review
    Amos Danladi, Ho, Chin Siong, Ling, Gabriel Hoh Teck
    Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 2018;11(1):7-16.
    MyJurnal
    Interest in Indigenous Knowledge (IK) system has been particularly highlighted in
    flood disasters, due to the likely increase of flood events resulting from
    anthropogenic climate change through heavy precipitation, increased catchment
    wetness, and sea level rise. Therefore, bringing IK of flood risk reduction into focus
    and context to deepen the understanding of how people manage their own changing
    circumstances can bring more pertinent information about flood risk reduction. This
    paper reviews the significance of IK in flood risk reduction. Specifically, the paper
    discusses IK flood forecasting, early warning signs, adaptation and coping strategies
    in flood risk reduction around the world. The Methodological approach employed for
    this paper is the review of existing literature on IK in flood Disaster Risk Reduction
    (DRR), and then a summary of the outcomes of the studies reviewed was discussed.
    However, it was deduced from the review undertaken, the need for an intensive
    empirical study to be conducted to explore how efficient these strategies or
    techniques are, in relation to flood risk reduction, which this paper strongly
    recommends for further investigation. Additionally, the paper concludes by
    emphasizing that although the IK of flood risk reduction is embedded in varied
    regions around the globe, still there is a need for further study to be carried out in
    order to unveil why the similarities and variations in flood risk reduction
    practices/strategies between regions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Reduction Behavior
  5. Fulltext Should identical CVD risks in young and old patients be managed identically? Results from two models
    Liew SM, Jackson R, Mant D, Glasziou P
    BMJ Open, 2012;2(2):e000728.
    PMID: 22382122 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000728
    OBJECTIVES: To assess whether delaying risk reduction treatment has a different impact on potential life years lost in younger compared with older patients at the same baseline short-term cardiovascular risk.
    DESIGN: Modelling based on population data.
    METHODS: Potential years of life lost from a 5-year treatment delay were estimated for patients of different ages but with the same cardiovascular risk (either 5% or 10% 5-year risk). Two models were used: an age-based residual life expectancy model and a Markov simulation model. Age-specific case fatality rates and time preferences were applied to both models, and competing mortality risks were incorporated into the Markov model.
    RESULTS: Younger patients had more potential life years to lose if untreated, but the maximum difference between 35 and 85 years was <1 year, when models were unadjusted for time preferences or competing risk. When these adjusters were included, the maximum difference fell to about 1 month, although the direction was reversed with older people having more to lose.
    CONCLUSIONS: Surprisingly, age at onset of treatment has little impact on the likely benefits of interventions that reduce cardiovascular risk because of the opposing effects of life expectancy, case fatality, time preferences and competing risks. These findings challenge the appropriateness of recommendations to use lower risk-based treatment thresholds in younger patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Reduction Behavior
  6. Fulltext Knowledge and skills of nurses in giving blood transfusion at Kota Bharu Hospital
    Yong, N.T., Tengku, M.A., Nurul, A.H., Mukkaramah, C.A., Ilunihayati, I.
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2004;4(2):39-44.
    MyJurnal
    Risks of transfusion increase with the increase in the number and volume of transfusions occurring in hospitals year after year. Knowledge and practice of the nurses on proper transfusion techniques and risk reduction procedures should always be updated to ensure that transfusions are safely carried out. The study was done to determine the levels of knowledge and practice of trained nurses regarding blood transfusion in a general hospital. The study is a cross-sectional survey using a questionnaire, distributed to all staff nurses in the medical-based wards and intensive care unit (ICU) in the hospital. The total score were added for each category of knowledge and practice. Ninety one percent of the total population of staff nurses in medical based wards anti ICU were recruited into the study. A score of 80% or more in the knowledge and score of IOO% is required for practice to consider it as a pass, The outcome of the study showed that no one respondent in the study has achieved the required level, with regard to neither knowledge nor practice. The mean knowledge score was 54.8 with SD. of 9,9; while the mean practice score was 63 .8 with S.D. of 1.4. It was found that there was no rehtionship between knowledge score, nor practice score with the clinical postings (place of work) , work experience, and nursing qualification. This survey had indicated probkms faced by the nursing population in the hospital studied that there was a need to improve knowledge and practice levels with regards to blood transfusion procedure. It is crucial that updated information concerning transfusions be communicated to these nurses since they were the ones who carry out the procedures whilst continuously observing the patients during transfusion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Reduction Behavior
  7. Fulltext Improving cancer survivorships: targeting physical activity and inactivity at teachable moments
    Loh, S.Y., Chew, S.L.
    JUMMEC, 2012;15(1):1-6.
    MyJurnal
    This article presents a brief overview on the importance of adopting healthy behavior during and after the completion of primary cancer treatment. Increasing evidences are advocating physical activity engagement in cancer survivors due to its convincing beneficial outcomes. Today, outcomes from numerous trials confirmed the need to examine beyond physical activity engagement, into physical inactivity as an independent factor for cancer recurrences. Reducing cancer-risk related behaviors via increase physical activity and reduce inactivity is now receiving much attention in the field of cancer survivorship. Both realms of activity and inactivity are now acknowledged as influential independent factors contributing to better care in the field of cancer survivorship.
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Reduction Behavior
  8. Vulnerability of Vietnam to typhoons: A spatial assessment based on hazards, exposure and adaptive capacity
    Nguyen KA, Liou YA, Terry JP
    Sci Total Environ, 2019 Sep 10;682:31-46.
    PMID: 31121354 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.069
    Typhoons have devastating impacts across many Asian countries. Vietnam is presently one of the most disaster-prone nations. Typhoons regularly disrupt human lives and livelihoods in various ways and cause significant damage. Making efficient policy decisions to minimize the vulnerability of affected communities is crucial. This requires a deep understanding of the factors that make a society vulnerable to extreme events and natural disasters. An appropriate approach is integrating the three dimensions of hazard, exposure and sensitivity, and community adaptive capacity. However, the vulnerability and adaptive capacity response to typhoons within Vietnam is poorly investigated. Here, we develop a conceptual framework that incorporates 21 indicators to identify vulnerability and adaptive capacity (VAC) using geospatial techniques at regional scales, applied over Vietnam. We find large spatial differences in VAC and are able to identify the top-priority regions that need to enhance their adaptation to typhoons. The Southern Coastal area, South East and Red River Delta demonstrate high and very high vulnerability because of their physical features and the intensity of typhoons that frequently cross these parts of Vietnam. The lower Mekong Delta and Northern Coastal areas are vulnerable to typhoon-driven flood threats, in particular where compounded by sea-level rise. Our framework successfully identified the spatial distribution and different levels of VAC within acceptable limits of uncertainty. It can therefore serve as a template to tackle national issues in disaster risk reduction in Vietnam and assist in the development of suitable mitigation strategies to achieve sustainable outcomes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Reduction Behavior
  9. Fulltext The Risk of Sexual Assault and Rape During International Travel: Implications for the Practice of Travel Medicine
    Kennedy KM, Flaherty GT
    J Travel Med, 2015 Apr-Aug;22(4):282-4.
    PMID: 25827813 DOI: 10.1111/jtm.12201
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Reduction Behavior*
  10. Weight loss practices among Malaysian adults
    Kong WT, Chua SS, Alwi S
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2002;14(2):99-104.
    PMID: 12862414 DOI: 10.1177/101053950201400208
    The practice of losing weight is gaining popularity globally with an increase in health consciousness among the general public. A survey was conducted in seven shopping centres in Kuala Lumpur and its neighbouring towns to assess the weight-loss practices of the general public. Out of the 1032 people approached by the researcher, 389 (37.7%) admitted that they had tried to lose weight before. Of these respondents, 50.4% had the wrong perceptions about their weight with 39.1% of the respondents having BMI lower than what they had perceived. The most common weight-loss method used was dieting (89.5%), followed by exercise (81%) and the use of slimming teas (24.9%). Exercise (79.0%) was perceived as the most effective method for losing weight, followed by dieting (71.6%). Most respondents (60.6%) obtained their weight-loss products from the pharmacies but only 34.9% of these respondents had consulted the pharmacists on these products. Therefore, pharmacists should play a more active role in assisting the general public to lose weight successfully and safely.
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Reduction Behavior*
  11. Association between pet ownership and cardiovascular risks and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    El-Qushayri AE, Kamel AMA, Faraj HA, Vuong NL, Diab OM, Istanbuly S, et al.
    J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown), 2020 May;21(5):359-367.
    PMID: 31815850 DOI: 10.2459/JCM.0000000000000920
    : The aim of the study was to determine the association between pet ownership and cardiovascular risk factors and mortality. Electronic search was conducted through nine databases including PubMed for relevant publications reporting cardiovascular events and mortality among pet owners. Meta-analysis was used to pool the results. Of a total of 2818 reports screened, 26 studies were included in our systematic review and meta-analysis. Higher survival rate was observed in the pet owners group after pooling nonadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios for cardiovascular mortality at 0.73 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62-0.86] and 0.81 (0.68-0.97), respectively. A similar trend was observed for the pooled nonadjusted hazard ratio for overall mortality 0.73 (0.62-0.87) but not the adjusted hazard ratio 0.40 (0.04-3.78). Cat owners have a reduction in cardiovascular mortality but not overall mortality after pooling the adjusted hazard ratio 0.79 (0.63-0.99) and 1.04 (0.90-1.21), respectively. However, no significant association between dog owners and survival rate was observed for overall and cardiovascular-specific mortality. Pet owners had significantly lower heart rate (mean difference 95% CI: -2.32 (-3.07 to -1.57), mean arterial pressure -2.60 (-4.25 to -0.95) and SBP -1.69 (-3.06 to -0.31) but not DBP -0.23 (-1.05 to 0.60). No significant difference was observed between pet owners and nonpet owners in prevalence of hypertension. Our study draws attention to the beneficial effects of the human--pet bond; therefore, we recommend pet acquisition for better cardiovascular outcomes after controlling for zoonotics and pet-induced allergies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Reduction Behavior*
  12. Updates in the management of Dyslipidaemia in the high and very high risk individual for CV risk reduction
    Jeyamalar R, Wan Azman WA, Nawawi H, Choo GH, Ng WK, Rosli MA, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2018 06;73(3):154-162.
    PMID: 29962499 MyJurnal
    Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the main cause of mortality and an important cause of morbidity in Malaysia for several years. To reduce global cardiovascular (CV) risk in the population, primary preventive strategies need to be implemented. Hypercholesterolaemia is one of the major risk factors for CVD. This paper is an expert review on the management of hypercholesterolemia focusing on high and very high risk individuals. In low and Intermediate risk individuals, therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) and a healthy lifestyle alone may suffice. In high and very high risk individuals, drug therapy in conjunction with TLC are necessary to achieve the target LDL-C levels which have been shown to slow down progression and sometimes even result in regression of atherosclerotic plaques. Statins are first-line drugs because they have been shown in numerous randomized controlled trials to be effective in reducing CV events and to be safe. In some high risk individuals, despite maximally tolerated statin therapy, target Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are not achieved. These include those with familial hypercholesterolaemia and statin intolerance. This paper discusses non-statin therapies, such as ezetimibe and the newer Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 Inhibitors (PCSK9-i).
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Reduction Behavior*
  13. Fulltext Effectiveness of a Group Support Lifestyle Modification (GSLiM) Programme among Obese Adults in Workplace: A Randomised Controlled Trial
    Jamal SN, Moy FM, Azmi Mohamed MN, Mukhtar F
    PLoS One, 2016;11(8):e0160343.
    PMID: 27537687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160343
    BACKGROUND: There was an increasing trend in the prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities over the past decades in Malaysia. Effective intervention for obesity remains limited. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a group based lifestyle modification programme amongst obese individuals with an existing dietary counseling programme.

    METHODS: We recruited one hundred and ninety four overweight and obese (BMI>27.5 kg/m2) employees from a local university. They were randomly allocated to either Group Support Lifestyle Modification (GSLiM) (intervention)(n = 97) or dietary counseling (comparison)(n = 97). The GSLIM activities included self monitoring, cognitive-behaviour sessions, exercise as well as dietary change advocacy, which were conducted through seminars and group sessions over 24 weeks. The comparison group was given dietary counselling once in 12 weeks. Both groups were followed up for additional 12 weeks to check for intervention effect sustenance. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured at baseline, 12, 24 and 36 weeks; while dietary intake, physical activities, psychological measures and quality of life measured at baseline, 24 and 36 weeks. Data analysis was conducted using ANOVA repeated measures with intention to treat principle.

    RESULTS: The participants were predominantly women with mean (standard deviation) age of 40.5 (9.3) years. A total of 19.6% of the participants in GSLiM achieved 6% weight loss compared to 4.1% in the comparison group (Risk Ratio 4.75; 95% CI: 1.68, 13.45). At 24 weeks, the retention rate was 83.5% for GSLiM and 82.5% for comparison group. GSLiM participants also achieved significant improvement in total weight self-efficacy score, negative emotions and physical discomfort subscales, MDPSS friend subscale and all domains in quality of life. Participants in the comparison group experienced reduction in negative self-thoughts.

    CONCLUSION: The GSLiM programme proved to be more effective in achieving targeted weight loss, improving weight self-efficacy, friend social support, and quality of life compared to dietary counseling.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT201104056127N1.

    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Reduction Behavior*
  14. Fulltext Effects of vitamin E on stroke: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
    Loh HC, Lim R, Lee KW, Ooi CY, Chuan DR, Looi I, et al.
    Stroke Vasc Neurol, 2021 Mar;6(1):109-120.
    PMID: 33109618 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2020-000519
    There are several previous studies on the association of vitamin E with prevention of stroke but the findings remain controversial. We have conducted a systematic review, meta-analysis together with trial sequential analysis of randomised controlled trials to evaluate the effect of vitamin E supplementation versus placebo/no vitamin E on the risk reduction of total, fatal, non-fatal, haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke. Relevant studies were identified by searching online databases through Medline, PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. A total of 18 studies with 148 016 participants were included in the analysis. There was no significant difference in the prevention of total stroke (RR (relative risk)=0.98, 95% CI 0.92-1.04, p=0.57), fatal stroke (RR=0.96, 95% CI 0.77-1.20, p=0.73) and non-fatal stroke (RR=0.96, 95% CI 0.88-1.05, p=0.35). Subgroup analyses were performed under each category (total stroke, fatal stroke and non-fatal stroke) and included the following subgroups (types of prevention, source and dosage of vitamin E and vitamin E alone vs control). The findings in all subgroup analyses were statistically insignificant. In stroke subtypes analysis, vitamin E showed significant risk reduction in ischaemic stroke (RR=0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.99, p=0.04) but not in haemorrhagic stroke (RR=1.17, 95% CI 0.98-1.39, p=0.08). However, the trial sequential analysis demonstrated that more studies were needed to control random errors. Limitations of this study include the following: trials design may not have provided sufficient power to detect a change in stroke outcomes, participants may have had different lifestyles or health issues, there were a limited number of studies available for subgroup analysis, studies were mostly done in developed countries, and the total sample size for all included studies was insufficient to obtain a meaningful result from meta-analysis. In conclusion, there is still a lack of statistically significant evidence of the effects of vitamin E on the risk reduction of stroke. Nevertheless, vitamin E may offer some benefits in the prevention of ischaemic stroke and additional well-designed randomised controlled trials are needed to arrive at a definitive finding. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020167827.
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Reduction Behavior
  15. Fulltext Use of Smartphone to Seek Sexual Health Information Online Among Malaysian Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM): Implications for mHealth Intervention to Increase HIV Testing and Reduce HIV Risks
    Shrestha R, Lim SH, Altice FL, Copenhaver M, Wickersham JA, Saifi R, et al.
    J Community Health, 2020 02;45(1):10-19.
    PMID: 31375976 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-019-00713-x
    In settings where stigma and discrimination toward men who have sex with men (MSM) are high or illegal, like in Malaysia, innovative methods to anonymously reach them are urgently needed. The near ubiquitous availability of mobile technology, including smartphones, has the potential to open new frontiers (such as mHealth) to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The extent to which MSM use mHealth tools for HIV and STI prevention in the Malaysia context, however, is unknown. A cross-sectional online survey in 622 Malaysian MSM was conducted between July and November 2017. Participants were recruited via advertisements on mobile apps frequently used by MSM. In addition to demographic, smartphone access and utilization, and other information were assessed using logistic regression to determine factors associated with the use of a smartphone to search for online sexual health information. Nearly all (99.2%) participants owned a smartphone, with 63% reported having used one to seek sexual health information, including HIV/STIs. Overall, 96% used smartphones to find sexual partners, with high levels of HIV risk behavior reported. Independent correlates of smartphone use to seek online sexual health information included older age (aOR 0.943, p = 0.005), higher education (aOR 2.14, p = 027), recent (past year) HIV testing (aOR 3.91, p = 0.026), and seeking sexual partners using geosocial networking apps (aOR 5.58, p = 0.006). These findings suggest high smartphone use by high-risk MSM to seek sexual health information and suggests that mHealth strategies may be an effective strategy to engage MSM in HIV prevention activities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Reduction Behavior
  16. Fulltext Earthquake and tsunami research in USM: the role of disaster research nexus
    Hock, Lye Koh, Su, Yean Teh, Taksiah A. Majid, Tze, Liang Lau, Fauziah Ahmad
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2012;20(1):151-163.
    MyJurnal
    The 2004 Banda Aceh earthquake and ensuing Andaman mega tsunami that killed a quarter million people worldwide is a wake-up call to many. Active research was initiated in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) immediately after the infamous event with the aims to help develop human capacity and resources, and to mitigate any future earthquake and tsunami. The Disaster Research Nexus (DRN) was formed recently within the School of Civil Engineering, USM, to facilitate active collaborative research on earthquakes and tsunamis, as well as on other natural disasters, such as landslides. This paper begins with an introduction to DRN. This is followed by a description of some research achievements undertaken by DRN staff. A concise exposition on the tsunami simulation model TUNA developed by the authors and its application to the 2004 Andaman tsunami are given to illustrate the capability of TUNA. The role of mangrove in reducing the impact of tsunami is then modelled. Tsunami may inundate coastal plain with large quantity of saline water, changing the salinity regimes in the soil and inducing vegetative succession changes. A model called MANHAM was developed to simulate the salinity changes and its associated vegetative evolution to assist in the rehabilitation of vegetation destroyed by tsunami. Meanwhile, an earthquake risk analysis for the Upper Pandas Dam in Sabah is then presented, and this is followed by a model estimation of tsunami forces on the coastal structures. The main objective of this paper is to reach out to research scientists and onsite risk reduction professionals to collaborate towards the development of a vibrant research culture to face future natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis. It is hoped that DRN will move forward to further enhance active collaborations with other research and operational institutions worldwide towards developing earthquake and tsunami resilient communities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Reduction Behavior
  17. Fulltext A Narrative Review of Diabetes Intervention Studies to Explore Diabetes Care Opportunities for Pharmacists
    Ayadurai S, Hattingh HL, Tee LB, Md Said SN
    J Diabetes Res, 2016;2016:5897452.
    PMID: 27247949 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5897452
    Background. We conducted a review of current diabetes intervention studies in type 2 diabetes and identified opportunities for pharmacists to deliver quality diabetes care. Methods. A search on randomised controlled trials (RCT) on diabetes management by healthcare professionals including pharmacists published between 2010 and 2015 was conducted. Results and Discussion. Diabetes management includes multifactorial intervention which includes seven factors as outlined in diabetes guidelines, namely, glycaemic, cholesterol and blood pressure control, medication, lifestyle, education, and cardiovascular risk factors. Most studies do not provide evidence that the intervention methods used included all seven factors with exception of three RCT which indicated HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) reduction range of 0.5% to 1.8%. The varied HbA1C reduction suggests a lack of standardised and consistent approach to diabetes care. Furthermore, the duration of most studies was from one month to two years; therefore long term outcomes could not be established. Conclusion. Although pharmacists' contribution towards improving clinical outcomes of diabetes patients was well documented, the methods used to deliver structured, consistent evidence-based care were not clearly stipulated. Therefore, approaches to achieving long term continuity of care are uncertain. An intervention strategy that encompass all seven evidence-based factors will be useful.
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Reduction Behavior
  18. Randomized controlled trial of a good practice approach to treatment of childhood obesity in Malaysia: Malaysian Childhood Obesity Treatment Trial (MASCOT)
    Wafa SW, Talib RA, Hamzaid NH, McColl JH, Rajikan R, Ng LO, et al.
    Int J Pediatr Obes, 2011 Jun;6(2-2):e62-9.
    PMID: 21604965 DOI: 10.3109/17477166.2011.566340
    CONTEXT: Few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions for the treatment of childhood obesity have taken place outside the Western world.
    AIM: To test whether a good practice intervention for the treatment of childhood obesity would have a greater impact on weight status and other outcomes than a control condition in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    METHODS: Assessor-blinded RCT of a treatment intervention in 107 obese 7- to 11-year olds. The intervention was relatively low intensity (8 hours contact over 26 weeks, group based), aiming to change child sedentary behavior, physical activity, and diet using behavior change counselling. Outcomes were measured at baseline and six months after the start of the intervention. Primary outcome was BMI z-score, other outcomes were weight change, health-related quality of life (Peds QL), objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior (Actigraph accelerometry over 5 days).
    RESULTS: The intervention had no significant effect on BMI z score relative to control. Weight gain was reduced significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group (+1.5 kg vs. +3.5 kg, respectively, t-test p < 0.01). Changes in health-related quality of life and objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior favored the intervention group.
    CONCLUSIONS: Treatment was associated with reduced rate of weight gain, and improvements in physical activity and quality of life. More substantial benefits may require longer term and more intensive interventions which aim for more substantive lifestyle changes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Reduction Behavior*
  19. Fulltext Concordance of recommendations across clinical practice guidelines for the management of hypertension in Southeast Asia with internationally reputable sources
    Kow CS, Hasan SS, Wong PS, Verma RK
    BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 2021 07 28;21(1):354.
    PMID: 34320925 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02054-x
    OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the rate of concordance, and to investigate sources of non-concordance of recommendations in the management of hypertension across CPGs in Southeast Asia, with internationally reputable clinical practice guidelines (CPGs).

    METHODS: CPGs for the management of hypertension in Southeast Asia were retrieved from the websites of the Ministry of Health or cardiovascular specialty societies of the individual countries of Southeast Asia during November to December 2020. The recommendations for the management of hypertension specified in the 2017 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guideline and the 2018 European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Society of Hypertension (ESH) guideline were selected to be the reference standards; the recommendations concerning the management of hypertension in the included CPGs in Southeast Asia were assessed if they were concordant with the reference recommendations generated from both the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline and the 2018 ESC/ESH guideline, using the population (P)-intervention (I)-comparison (C) combinations approach.

    RESULTS: A total of 59 reference recommendations with unique and unambiguous P-I-C specifications was generated from the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline. In addition, a total of 51 reference recommendations with unique and unambiguous P-I-C specifications was generated from the 2018 ESC/ESH guideline. Considering the six included CPGs from Southeast Asia, concordance was observed for 30 reference recommendations (50.8%) out of 59 reference recommendations generated from the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline and for 31 reference recommendations (69.8%) out of 51 reference recommendations derived from the 2018 ESC/ESH guideline.

    CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension represents a significant issue that places health and economic strains in Southeast Asia and demands guideline-based care, yet CPGs in Southeast Asia have a high rate of non-concordance with internationally reputable CPGs. Concordant recommendations could perhaps be considered a standard of care for hypertension management in the Southeast Asia region.

    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Reduction Behavior*
  20. Fulltext Manipal lifestyle modification score to predict major adverse cardiac events in postcoronary angioplasty patients
    Devasia T, Shetty PN, Kareem H, Karkala YR, Singh A
    Indian Heart J, 2018 Dec;70 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):S353-S358.
    PMID: 30595288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2018.10.411
    BACKGROUND: Lifestyle modification (LSM) such as prudent diet, physical activity, avoidance of smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight may considerably decrease the risk for coronary artery disease.

    OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to develop a new LSM scoring system and investigate the correlation between adherence to LSM and incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) at 12-month follow-up.

    METHOD: A total of 1000 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) were included in this prospective single-center study. Manipal lifestyle modification score (MLSMS) was developed by using five lifestyle-related factors. Adherence to LSM at the baseline and subsequent follow-ups was determined by using MLSMS. The MACE at 1-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up were analyzed.

    RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in overall adherence to LSM (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Risk Reduction Behavior*
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